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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Zhu A, Duan Z, Chen Y, Zhu C, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rh4 delays skeletal muscle aging through SIRT1 pathway. Phytomedicine 2023; 118:154906. [PMID: 37354698 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of skeletal muscle is the leading cause of physical disability in older adults, currently effective treatment methods are lacking. Ginsenoside Rh4, an active component extracted from ginseng, possesses beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant effect of ginsenoside Rh4 on aging skeletal muscle and its molecular mechanism of anti-aging of skeletal muscle. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we employed a D-galactose-induced model of skeletal muscle aging to investigate whether ginsenoside Rh4 can delay the process of skeletal muscle senescence. METHODS The effects of ginsenoside Rh4 on oxidative damage and inflammation in aging skeletal muscle were analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA kits, H&E staining, flow cytometry, and protein immunoblotting. The changes of ginsenoside Rh4 on mitochondrial morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and ELISA kits and protein immunoblotting analyzed the effects of ginsenoside Rh4 on mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells. The influence of ginsenoside Rh4 on the SIRT1 signaling pathway in aging skeletal muscle were investigated by protein immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and β-galactosidase staining. RESULTS Our results showed that Rh4 improved the morphology of muscle fibers and produced an anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that ginsenosides reduced the production of senescent cells, while Rh4 effectively alleviated oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and restored mitochondrial balance. Transcriptome analysis and molecular docking showed that Rh4 improved mitochondrial homeostasis and delayed skeletal muscle aging by regulating the PGC-1α-TFAM and HIF-1α-c-Myc pathways via targeting SIRT1. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rh4 improves oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle by activating SIRT1, deacetylating Nrf2, regulating PGC-1α-TFAM and HIF-1α-c-Myc pathways, and enhancing mitochondrial homeostasis, thus achieving the effect of delaying skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Cheng S, Ni X, Yao Y, Sun Y, Yu X, Xia D, Yang Z, Hu MG, Hou X. Hyperoside prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by increasing white fat browning and lipophagy via CDK6-TFEB pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 307:116259. [PMID: 36781055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L. (genus Hypericum, family Hypericaceae) is a flowering plant native to Europe, North Africa and Asia, which can be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorder, cardiothoracic depression and diabetes. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (genus Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, family Rosaceae) was another traditional Chinese medicine for treating hyperlipidemia. Hyperoside (Hype), a major flavonoid glycoside component of Hypericum perforatum L. and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, possesses multiple physiological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the role of Hype on obesity and related metabolic diseases still needs to be further investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY We explored the effect of Hype on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its metabolic regulation on white fat tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to vehicle (0.5% methycellulose) and Hype (80 mg/kg/day by gavage) group under a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 8 weeks. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and primary stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Hype regulation on adipocyte energy metabolism. RESULTS Hype treatment in vivo promotes UCP1-dependent white to beige fat transition, increases glucose and lipid metabolism, and resists HFD-induced obesity. Meanwhile, Hype induces lipophagy, a specific autophagy that facilitates the breakdown of lipid droplets, and blocking autophagy partially reduces UCP1 expression. Mechanistically, Hype inhibited CDK6, leading to the increased nuclear translocation of TFEB, while overexpression of CDK6 partially reversed the enhancement of UCP1 by Hype. CONCLUSIONS Hype protects mice from HFD-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure of white fat tissue via CDK6-TFEB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Xintao Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yanjing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Park CH, Moon J, Park M, Cheng H, Lee J, Chang JS. Protein Kinase SGK2 Is Induced by the β 3 Adrenergic Receptor-cAMP-PKA-PGC-1α/NT-PGC-1α Axis but Dispensable for Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:780312. [PMID: 34899399 PMCID: PMC8657153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are specialized to dissipate energy as heat. Sgk2, encoding a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene in rodents and humans; however, its function in brown/beige adipocytes remains unraveled. Here, we examined the regulation and role of Sgk2 in brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis. We found that transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α activated by the β3 adrenergic receptor-cAMP-PKA pathway are recruited to the Sgk2 promoter, triggering Sgk2 transcription in response to cold. SGK2 elevation was closely associated with increased serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins carrying the consensus RxRxxS/T phosphorylation site. However, despite cold-dependent activation of SGK2, mice lacking Sgk2 exhibited normal cold tolerance at 4°C. In addition, Sgk2+/+ and Sgk2−/− mice induced comparable increases in energy expenditure during pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipose tissue with a β3AR agonist. In vitro loss- and gain-of-function studies further demonstrated that Sgk2 ablation or activation does not alter thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Collectively, our results reveal a new signaling component SGK2, although dispensable for cold-induced thermogenesis that adds an additional layer of complexity to the β3AR signaling network in brown/beige adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Minsung Park
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Helia Cheng
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jisu Lee
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Gene Regulation and Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Van Nguyen TT, Vu VV, Pham PV. Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:876-892. [PMID: 32728995 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, this review will underline promising strategies to generate an unexhausted source of thermogenic adipocytes differentiated from human stem cells. These exogenous thermogenic adipocytes offer therapeutic potential for improvement of metabolic disorders via application as single cell or whole tissue transplantation. Graphical abstract Caption is required. Please provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Tuong Van Nguyen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vuong Van Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Kim J, Moon J, Park CH, Lee J, Cheng H, Floyd ZE, Chang JS. NT-PGC-1α deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating food intake, fecal fat excretion and intestinal fat absorption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1323. [PMID: 33446719 PMCID: PMC7809341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α regulate metabolic adaptation by modulating many gene programs. Selective ablation of PGC-1α attenuates diet-induced obesity through enhancing fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulation of NT-PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, we have shown that selective ablation of NT-PGC-1α reduces fatty acid oxidation in BAT. Thus, the objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that NT-PGC-1α−/− mice would be more prone to diet-induced obesity. Male and female NT-PGC-1α+/+ (WT) and NT-PGC-1α−/− mice were fed a regular chow or 60% high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, both male and female NT-PGC-1α−/− mice fed HFD were protected from diet-induced obesity, with more pronounced effects in females. This lean phenotype was primarily driven by reduced dietary fat intake. Intriguingly, HFD-fed female, but not male, NT-PGC-1α−/− mice further exhibited decreased feed efficiency, which was closely associated with increased fecal fat excretion and decreased uptake of fatty acids by the intestinal enterocytes and adipocytes with a concomitant decrease in fatty acid transporter gene expression. Collectively, our results highlight the role for NT-PGC-1α in regulating whole body lipid homeostasis under HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Helia Cheng
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Laboratory of Ubiquitin Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Léveillé M, Besse-Patin A, Jouvet N, Gunes A, Sczelecki S, Jeromson S, Khan NP, Baldwin C, Dumouchel A, Correia JC, Jannig PR, Boulais J, Ruas JL, Estall JL. PGC-1α isoforms coordinate to balance hepatic metabolism and apoptosis in inflammatory environments. Mol Metab 2020; 34:72-84. [PMID: 32180561 PMCID: PMC7011010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The liver is regularly exposed to changing metabolic and inflammatory environments. It must sense and adapt to metabolic need while balancing resources required to protect itself from insult. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator expressed as multiple, alternatively spliced variants transcribed from different promoters that coordinate metabolic adaptation and protect against inflammation. It is not known how PGC-1α integrates extracellular signals to balance metabolic and anti-inflammatory outcomes. Methods Primary mouse hepatocytes were used to evaluate the role(s) of different PGC-1α proteins in regulating hepatic metabolism and inflammatory signaling downstream of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Gene expression and signaling analysis were combined with biochemical measurement of apoptosis using gain- and loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo. Results Hepatocytes expressed multiple isoforms of PGC-1α, including PGC-1α4, which microarray analysis showed had common and isoform-specific functions linked to metabolism and inflammation compared with canonical PGC-1α1. Whereas PGC-1α1 primarily impacted gene programs of nutrient metabolism and mitochondrial biology, TNFα signaling showed several pathways related to innate immunity and cell death downstream of PGC-1α4. Gain- and loss-of-function models illustrated that PGC-1α4 uniquely enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic gene programs and attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This was in contrast to PGC-1α1, which decreased the expression of a wide inflammatory gene network but did not prevent hepatocyte death in response to cytokines. Conclusions PGC-1α variants have distinct, yet complementary roles in hepatic responses to metabolism and inflammation, and we identify PGC-1α4 as an important mitigator of apoptosis. Multiple isoforms of PGC-1α are expressed in hepatocytes, including PGC-1α4. PGC-1α1 and PGC-1α4 share many metabolic targets, but PGC-1α4 has unique functions linked to hepatic inflammatory signalling. PGC-1α4 attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in response to TNFα and LPS in vitro and in vivo. Inflammatory signaling influences PGC-1α4 localization in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Léveillé
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jouvet
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aysim Gunes
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Sczelecki
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen P Khan
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Dumouchel
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Deng X, Wang Q, Cheng M, Chen Y, Yan X, Guo R, Sun L, Li Y, Liu Y. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 interferes with glucose metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial quality control to aggravate stress damage in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:962-973. [PMID: 31949499 PMCID: PMC6959030 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a key factor in the connection between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Restoring the mitochondrial OXPHOS function by inhibiting glycolysis through targeting PDK1 has become a hot spot for tumor therapy. However, the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial function remains unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial quality control such as mitochondrial protein homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function. Here, we focused on PDK1 and explored the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial OXPHOS function. We showed that glucose metabolism in HepG2 and HepG3B cells switched from anaerobic glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle under different concentrations of dichloroacetate (DCA) or short hairpin PDK1. After DCA treatment or knockdown of PDK1, the mitochondrial morphology was gradually condensed and exhibited shorter and more fragmented filaments. Additionally, expression of the mitochondrial autophagy proteins parkin and PTEN-induced kinase was down-regulated, and the biosynthetic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and its regulated complex I, III, IV, and V protein were down-regulated. This indicated that PDK1 inhibition affected the level of mitochondrial quality control. Analysis of mitochondrial function revealed significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased membrane potential. Therefore, glucose metabolism reprogramming by PDK1 inhibition could induce mitochondrial quality control disorders to aggravate mitochondrial stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiyu Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Lin YC, Lee YC, Lin YJ, Lin JC. Berberine Promotes Beige Adipogenic Signatures of 3T3-L1 Cells by Regulating Post-transcriptional Events. Cells 2019; 8:E632. [PMID: 31234575 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced brown adipocytes (also referred to as beige cells) execute thermogenesis, as do the classical adipocytes by consuming stored lipids, being related to metabolic homeostasis. Treatment of phytochemicals, including berberine (BBR), was reported to induce conversion from white adipocytes to beige cells. In this study, results of microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses revealed a decrease in miR-92a, of which the transcription is driven by the c13orf25 promoter in BBR-treated 3T3-L1 cells. BBR treatment manipulated the expressions of SP1 and MYC, in turn, reducing the activity of the c13orf25 promoter. A decrease in miR-92a led to an increase in RNA-binding motif protein 4a (RBM4a) expression, which facilitated the beige adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-92a or depletion of RBM4a reversely interfered with the impact of BBR treatment on the beige adipogenic signatures, gene expressions, and splicing events in 3T3-L1 cells. Our findings demonstrated that BBR treatment enhanced beige adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through transcription-coupled post-transcriptional regulation.
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Cui J, Wang L, Ren X, Zhang Y, Zhang H. LRPPRC: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Energy Metabolism and Human Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:595. [PMID: 31178748 PMCID: PMC6543908 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family plays a major role in RNA stability, regulation, processing, splicing, translation, and editing. Leucine-rich PPR-motif-containing protein (LRPPRC), a member of the PPR family, is a known gene mutation that causes Leigh syndrome French-Canadian. Recently, growing evidence has pointed out that LRPPRC dysregulation is related to various diseases ranging from tumors to viral infections. This review presents available published data on the LRPPRC protein function and its role in tumors and other diseases. As a multi-functional protein, LRPPRC regulates a myriad of biological processes, including energy metabolism and maturation and the export of nuclear mRNA. Overexpression of LRPPRC has been observed in various human tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Downregulation of LRPPRC inhibits growth and invasion, induces apoptosis, and overcomes drug resistance in tumor cells. In addition, LRPPRC plays a potential role in Parkinson's disease, neurofibromatosis 1, viral infections, and venous thromboembolism. Further investigating these new functions of LRPPRC should provide novel opportunities for a better understanding of its pathological role in diseases from tumors to viral infections and as a potential biomarker and molecular target for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of General Practitioners, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of General Practitioners, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of General Practitioners, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of General Practitioners, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- College of General Practitioners, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Liu Z, Tian H, Hua J, Cai W, Bai Y, Zhan Q, Lai W, Zeng Q, Ren H, Xu D. A CRM1 Inhibitor Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Increases the Nuclear Distribution of NT-PGC-1α in NRVMs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 31133853 PMCID: PMC6513890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibitors display antihypertrophic effects and control protein trafficking between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha) is a type of transcriptional coactivator that predominantly resides in the nucleus and is downregulated during heart failure. NT-PGC-1α is an alternative splicing variant of PGC-1α that is primarily distributed in the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that the use of a CRM1 inhibitor could shuttle NT-PGC-1α into the nucleus and activate PGC-1α target genes to potentially improve cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). We showed that PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α were decreased in MI-induced heart failure mice. Phenylephrine and angiotensin II were applied to induce hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). The antihypertrophic effects of the CRM1-inhibitor Selinexor was verified through profiling the expression of β-MHC and through visualizing the cell cross-sectional area. NRVMs were transfected with adenovirus-NT-PGC-1α or adenovirus-NLS (nucleus localization sequence)-NT-PGC-1α and then exposed to Selinexor. Confocal microscopy was then used to observe the shuttling of NT-PGC-1α. After NT-PGC-1α was shuttled into the nucleus, there was increased expression of its related genes, including PPAR-α, Tfam, ERR-γ, CPT1b, PDK4, and Nrf2. The effects of Selinexor on post-MI C57BL/6j mice were determined by echocardiography and qPCR. We found that Selinexor showed antihypertrophic effects but did not influence the ejection fraction of MI-mice. Interestingly, the antihypertrophic effects of Selinexor might be independent of NT-PGC-1α transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinghai Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a central role in the response and adaptation to environmental and nutritional stimuli by initiating tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming. Since its discovery in 1998, the field of PGC-1α biology has grown exponentially and a large body of research has elucidated the diverse roles of PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, muscle fiber type switching, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and circadian clock regulation, etc. In addition, recent research has identified a splice variant(s) of PGC-1α in humans and rodents. The common misconception relating to PGC-1α is that it migrates at a predicted molecular weight of ~90 kDa by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. However, several recent studies have provided solid evidence that the biologically relevant molecular weight of PGC-1α is ~110 kDa. In this chapter, we describe an optimized immunoblotting protocol that is developed to detect the low abundance protein PGC-1α and its alternatively spliced isoform named NT-PGC-1α in various rodent tissues. We also describe an optimized immunoprecipitation protocol that can isolate and concentrate endogenous PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α. The protocols presented here will hopefully allow investigators to report accurate and reliable data regarding PGC-1α isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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13
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Kim J, Park MS, Ha K, Park C, Lee J, Mynatt RL, Chang JS. NT-PGC-1α deficiency decreases mitochondrial FA oxidation in brown adipose tissue and alters substrate utilization in vivo. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1660-1670. [PMID: 30026188 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PPAR γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and its splice variant N-terminal (NT)-PGC-1α mediate transcriptional regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in response to changes in ambient temperature. PGC-1α is dispensable for cold-induced BAT thermogenesis as long as NT-PGC-1α is present. However, the functional significance of NT-PGC-1α in BAT has not been determined. In the present study, we generated NT-PGC-1α-/- mice to investigate the effect of NT-PGC-1α deficiency on adaptive BAT thermogenesis. At thermoneutrality, NT-PGC-1α-/- mice exhibited abnormal BAT phenotype with increased accumulation of large lipid droplets concomitant with marked downregulation of FA oxidation (FAO)-related genes. Consistent with transcriptional changes, mitochondrial FAO was significantly diminished in NT-PGC-1α-/- BAT. This alteration, in turn, enhanced glucose utilization within the NT-PGC-1α-/- BAT mitochondria. In line with this, NT-PGC-1α-/- mice had higher reliance on carbohydrates. In response to cold or β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, NT-PGC-1α-/- mice transiently exhibited lower thermogenesis but reached similar thermogenic capacities as their WT littermates. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NT-PGC-1α is an important contributor to the maintenance of FAO capacity in BAT at thermoneutrality and provide deeper insights into the relative contributions of PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α to temperature-regulated BAT remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Min Sung Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kyoungsoo Ha
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Chulhong Park
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Transgenic Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
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14
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Liu Z, Hua J, Cai W, Zhan Q, Lai W, Zeng Q, Ren H, Xu D. N‑terminal truncated peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator‑1α alleviates phenylephrine‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreases lipid droplet accumulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2142-2152. [PMID: 29901150 PMCID: PMC6072228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
N‑terminal truncated peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator‑1α (NT‑PGC‑1α) is an alternative splice variant of PGC‑1α. NT‑PGC‑1α exhibits stronger anti‑obesity effects in adipose tissue than PGC‑1α; however, NT‑PGC‑1α has not yet been investigated in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). The present study aimed to investigate the role of NT‑PGC‑1α in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and its possible regulatory mechanism in NRCMs. NRCMs were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) or angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Following this, NRCMs were infected with adenovirus expressing NT‑PGC‑1α, and adenosine 5'‑triphsophate (ATP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were subsequently detected. In addition, western blotting, lipid droplet staining and oxygen consumption assays were performed to examine the function of NT‑PGC‑1α in fatty acid metabolism. NT‑PGC‑1α was demonstrated to be primarily expressed in the cytoplasm, which differed from full‑length PGC‑1α, which was predominantly expressed in the nucleus. NT‑PGC‑1α overexpression alleviated mitochondrial function impairment, including ATP generation, ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential integrity. Furthermore, NT‑PGC‑1α overexpression alleviated the PE‑induced suppression of fatty acid metabolism‑associated protein expression, increased extracellular oxygen consumption and decreased lipid droplet accumulation in NRCMs. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that NT‑PGC‑1α alleviated PE‑induced mitochondrial impairment and decreased lipid droplet accumulation in NRCMs, indicating that NT‑PGC‑1α may have ameliorated mitochondrial energy defects in NRCMs, and may be considered as a potential target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jinghai Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wanqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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15
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Chang JS, Ghosh S, Newman S, Salbaum JM. A map of the PGC-1α- and NT-PGC-1α-regulated transcriptional network in brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7876. [PMID: 29777200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α play crucial roles in regulating cold-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α are highly induced by cold in BAT and subsequently bind to and coactivate many transcription factors to regulate expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, respiration and thermogenesis. To identify the complete repertoire of PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α target genes in BAT, we analyzed genome-wide DNA-binding and gene expression profiles. We find that PGC-1α-/NT-PGC-1α binding broadly associates with cold-mediated transcriptional activation. In addition to their known target genes in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α additionally target a broad spectrum of genes involved in diverse biological pathways including ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, ribonucleoprotein complex biosynthesis, phospholipid biosynthesis, angiogenesis, glycogen metabolism, phosphorylation, and autophagy. Our findings expand the number of genes and biological pathways that may be regulated by PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α and provide further insight into the transcriptional regulatory network in which PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α coordinate a comprehensive transcriptional response in BAT in response to cold.
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16
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Chang JS, Ha K. A truncated PPAR gamma 2 localizes to mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195007. [PMID: 29566074 PMCID: PMC5864067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. The PPARγ gene produces two isoforms, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2. PPARγ2 is identical to PPARγ1 except for additional 30 amino acids present in the N-terminus of PPARγ2. Here we report that the C-terminally truncated form of PPARγ2 is predominantly present in the mitochondrial matrix of brown adipocytes and that it binds to the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which contains the promoter for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) genes. Expression of mitochondrially targeted MLS-PPARγ2 in brown adipocytes increases mtDNA-encoded ETC gene expression concomitant with enhanced mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that direct regulation of mitochondrially encoded ETC gene expression by mitochondrial PPARγ2, in part, underlies the isoform-specific role for PPARγ2 in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Suk Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyoungsoo Ha
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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17
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