1
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Stanwood SR, Chong LC, Steidl C, Jefferies WA. Distinct Gene Expression Patterns of Calcium Channels and Related Signaling Pathways Discovered in Lymphomas. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:795176. [PMID: 35685639 PMCID: PMC9172636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.795176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface calcium (Ca2+) channels permit Ca2+ ion influx, with Ca2+ taking part in cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, and activation. The expression of voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV) channels may modulate the growth of hematologic cancers. Profile analysis of Ca2+ channels, with a focus on the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) and L-type CaV channels, was performed on RNA sequencing data from lymphoma cell lines and samples derived from patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CaV1.2 expression was found to be elevated in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) cell lines when compared to other B cell lymphoma cell lines. In contrast, CHL exhibited reduced expression of ORAI2 and STIM2. In our differential expression analysis comparing activated B cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) and germinal centre B cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL) patient samples, ABC-DLBCL revealed stronger expression of CaV1.3, whereas CaV1.1, CaV1.2, and CaV1.4 showed greater expression levels in GCB-DLBCL. Interestingly, no differences in ORAI/STIM expression were noted in the patient samples. As Ca2+ is known to bind to calmodulin, leading to calcineurin activation and the passage of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) to the cell nucleus, pathways for calcineurin, calmodulin, NFAT, and Ca2+ signaling were also analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis. The NFAT and Ca2+ signaling pathways were found to be upregulated in the CHL cell lines relative to other B cell lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, the calmodulin and Ca2+ signaling pathways were shown to be downregulated in the ABC-DLBCL patient samples. The findings of this study suggest that L-type CaV channels and Ca2+-related pathways could serve as differentiating components for biologic therapies in targeted lymphoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna R. Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Chong
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Lymphoid Cancer Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wilfred A. Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Wilfred A. Jefferies,
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2
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Erdogmus S, Concepcion AR, Yamashita M, Sidhu I, Tao AY, Li W, Rocha PP, Huang B, Garippa R, Lee B, Lee A, Hell JW, Lewis RS, Prakriya M, Feske S. Cavβ1 regulates T cell expansion and apoptosis independently of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2033. [PMID: 35440113 PMCID: PMC9018955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR stimulation triggers Ca2+ signals that are critical for T cell function and immunity. Several pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) were reported in T cells, but their mechanism of activation remains elusive and their contribution to Ca2+ signaling in T cells is controversial. We here identify CaVβ1, encoded by Cacnb1, as a regulator of T cell function. Cacnb1 deletion enhances apoptosis and impairs the clonal expansion of T cells after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. By contrast, Cacnb1 is dispensable for T cell proliferation, cytokine production and Ca2+ signaling. Using patch clamp electrophysiology and Ca2+ recordings, we are unable to detect voltage-gated Ca2+ currents or Ca2+ influx in human and mouse T cells upon depolarization with or without prior TCR stimulation. mRNAs of several VGCC α1 subunits are detectable in human (CaV3.3, CaV3.2) and mouse (CaV2.1) T cells, but they lack transcription of many 5' exons, likely resulting in N-terminally truncated and non-functional proteins. Our findings demonstrate that although CaVβ1 regulates T cell function, these effects are independent of VGCC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erdogmus
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikjot Sidhu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Y Tao
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Immanuel T, Li J, Green TN, Bogdanova A, Kalev-Zylinska ML. Deregulated calcium signaling in blood cancer: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1010506. [PMID: 36330491 PMCID: PMC9623116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1010506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes. In solid tumors, changes to calcium channels and effectors via mutations or changes in expression affect all cancer hallmarks. Such changes often disrupt transport of calcium ions (Ca2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondria, impacting apoptosis. Evidence rapidly accumulates that this is similar in blood cancer. Principles of intracellular Ca2+ signaling are outlined in the introduction. We describe different Ca2+-toolkit components and summarize the unique relationship between extracellular Ca2+ in the endosteal niche and hematopoietic stem cells. The foundational data on Ca2+ homeostasis in red blood cells is discussed, with the demonstration of changes in red blood cell disorders. This leads to the role of Ca2+ in neoplastic erythropoiesis. Then we expand onto the neoplastic impact of deregulated plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, ER Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ pumps and exchangers, as well as Ca2+ sensor and effector proteins across all types of hematologic neoplasms. This includes an overview of genetic variants in the Ca2+-toolkit encoding genes in lymphoid and myeloid cancers as recorded in publically available cancer databases. The data we compiled demonstrate that multiple Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms and Ca2+ responsive pathways are altered in hematologic cancers. Some of these alterations may have genetic basis but this requires further investigation. Most changes in the Ca2+-toolkit do not appear to define/associate with specific disease entities but may influence disease grade, prognosis, treatment response, and certain complications. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms may lead to novel treatments, with the aim to tailor drugs to different patterns of deregulation. To our knowledge this is the first review of its type in the published literature. We hope that the evidence we compiled increases awareness of the calcium signaling deregulation in hematologic neoplasms and triggers more clinical studies to help advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Immanuel
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jixia Li
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan City, China
| | - Taryn N. Green
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maggie L. Kalev-Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Maggie L. Kalev-Zylinska,
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4
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Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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GABAergic signaling by cells of the immune system: more the rule than the exception. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5667-5679. [PMID: 34152447 PMCID: PMC8316187 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is best known as an essential neurotransmitter in the evolved central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. However, GABA antedates the development of the CNS as a bioactive molecule in metabolism and stress-coupled responses of prokaryotes, invertebrates and plants. Here, we focus on the emerging findings of GABA signaling in the mammalian immune system. Recent reports show that mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes, for instance dendritic cells, microglia, T cells and NK cells, express a GABAergic signaling machinery. Mounting evidence shows that GABA receptor signaling impacts central immune functions, such as cell migration, cytokine secretion, immune cell activation and cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, the GABAergic signaling machinery of leukocytes is implicated in responses to microbial infection and is co-opted by protozoan parasites for colonization of the host. Peripheral GABA signaling is also implicated in inflammatory conditions and diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cell metastasis. Adding to its role in neurotransmission, growing evidence shows that the non-proteinogenic amino acid GABA acts as an intercellular signaling molecule in the immune system and, as an interspecies signaling molecule in host–microbe interactions. Altogether, the data raise the assumption of conserved GABA signaling in a broad range of mammalian cells and diversification of function in the immune system.
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6
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Wang J, Hertz L, Ruppenthal S, El Nemer W, Connes P, Goede JS, Bogdanova A, Birnbaumer L, Kaestner L. Lysophosphatidic Acid-Activated Calcium Signaling Is Elevated in Red Cells from Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Cells 2021; 10:456. [PMID: 33672679 PMCID: PMC7924404 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: It is known that sickle cells contain a higher amount of Ca2+ compared to healthy red blood cells (RBCs). The increased Ca2+ is associated with the most severe symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD), the vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). The Ca2+ entry pathway received the name of Psickle but its molecular identity remains only partly resolved. We aimed to map the involved Ca2+ signaling to provide putative pharmacological targets for treatment. (2) Methods: The main technique applied was Ca2+ imaging of RBCs from healthy donors, SCD patients and a number of transgenic mouse models in comparison to wild-type mice. Life-cell Ca2+ imaging was applied to monitor responses to pharmacological targeting of the elements of signaling cascades. Infection as a trigger of VOC was imitated by stimulation of RBCs with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). These measurements were complemented with biochemical assays. (3) Results: Ca2+ entry into SCD RBCs in response to LPA stimulation exceeded that of healthy donors. LPA receptor 4 levels were increased in SCD RBCs. Their activation was followed by the activation of Gi protein, which in turn triggered opening of TRPC6 and CaV2.1 channels via a protein kinase Cα and a MAP kinase pathway, respectively. (4) Conclusions: We found a new Ca2+ signaling cascade that is increased in SCD patients and identified new pharmacological targets that might be promising in addressing the most severe symptom of SCD, the VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Laura Hertz
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Experimental Physics, Dynamics of Fluids, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Sandra Ruppenthal
- Experimental Physics, Dynamics of Fluids, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Aix Marseille Université, EFS, CNRS, ADES, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France;
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Teal, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jeroen S. Goede
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Experimental Physics, Dynamics of Fluids, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
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7
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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8
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Singh A, Anang V, Kumar Rana A, Verma C, Surender Kumar Saraswati S, Kumari P, Singh A, Natarajan K. Deciphering the role of calcium homeostasis in T cells functions during mycobacterial infection. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Ólafsson EB, Barragan A. The unicellular eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii hijacks the migration machinery of mononuclear phagocytes to promote its dissemination. Biol Cell 2020; 112:239-250. [PMID: 32359185 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan with the ability to infect virtually any type of nucleated cell in warm-blooded vertebrates including humans. Toxoplasma gondii invades immune cells, which the parasite employs as shuttles for dissemination by a Trojan horse mechanism. Recent findings are starting to unveil how this parasite orchestrates the subversion of the migratory functions of parasitised mononuclear phagocytes, especially dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes. Here, we focus on how T. gondii impacts host cell signalling that regulates leukocyte motility and systemic migration in tissues. Shortly after active parasite invasion, DCs undergo mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition and adopt a high-speed amoeboid mode of motility. To trigger migratory activation - termed hypermigratory phenotype - T. gondii induces GABAergic signalling, which results in calcium fluxes mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels in parasitised DCs and brain microglia. Additionally, a TIMP-1-CD63-ITGB1-FAK signalling axis and signalling via the receptor tyrosine kinase MET promotes sustained hypermigration of parasitised DCs. Recent reports show that the activated signalling pathways converge on the small GTPase Ras to activate the MAPK Erk signalling cascade, a central regulator of cell motility. To date, three T. gondii-derived putative effector molecules have been linked to hypermigration: Tg14-3-3, TgWIP and ROP17. Here, we discuss their impact on the hypermigratory phenotype of phagocytes. Altogether, the emerging concept suggests that T. gondii induces metastasis-like migratory properties in parasitised mononuclear phagocytes to promote infection-related dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar B Ólafsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
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10
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Ólafsson EB, Ten Hoeve AL, Li-Wang X, Westermark L, Varas-Godoy M, Barragan A. Convergent Met and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel signaling drives hypermigration of Toxoplasma-infected dendritic cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:jcs241752. [PMID: 32161101 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-Erk MAPK signaling controls many of the principal pathways involved in metazoan cell motility, drives metastasis of multiple cancer types and is targeted in chemotherapy. However, its putative roles in immune cell functions or in infections have remained elusive. Here, using primary dendritic cells (DCs) in an infection model with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, we show that two pathways activated by infection converge on Ras-Erk MAPK signaling to promote migration of parasitized DCs. We report that signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Met (also known as HGF receptor) contributes to T. gondii-induced DC hypermotility. Furthermore, voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC, subtype CaV1.3) signaling impacted the migratory activation of DCs via calmodulin-calmodulin kinase II. We show that convergent VGCC signaling and Met signaling activate the GTPase Ras to drive Erk1 and Erk2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) phosphorylation and hypermotility of T. gondii-infected DCs. The data provide a molecular basis for the hypermigratory mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT) of parasitized DCs. This emerging concept suggests that parasitized DCs acquire metastasis-like migratory properties that promote infection-related dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar B Ólafsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne L Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoze Li-Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Westermark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Cell Biology and Biomedicine (CEBICEM), Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastian, 7620001 Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Fenninger F, Han J, Stanwood SR, Nohara LL, Arora H, Choi KB, Munro L, Pfeifer CG, Shanina I, Horwitz MS, Jefferies WA. Mutation of an L-Type Calcium Channel Gene Leads to T Lymphocyte Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2473. [PMID: 31736943 PMCID: PMC6833481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a vital secondary messenger in T lymphocytes regulating a vast array of important events including maturation, homeostasis, activation, and apoptosis and can enter the cell through CRAC, TRP, and CaV channels. Here we describe a mutation in the L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.4 leading to T lymphocyte dysfunction, including several hallmarks of immunological exhaustion. CaV1.4-deficient mice exhibited an expansion of central and effector memory T lymphocytes, and an upregulation of inhibitory receptors on several T cell subsets. Moreover, the sustained elevated levels of activation markers on B lymphocytes suggest that they are in a chronic state of activation. Functionally, T lymphocytes exhibited a reduced store-operated Ca2+ flux compared to wild-type controls. Finally, modifying environmental conditions by herpes virus infection exacerbated the dysfunctional immune phenotype of the CaV1.4-deficient mice. This is the first example where the mutation of a CaV channel leads to T lymphocyte dysfunction, including the upregulation of several inhibitory receptors, hallmarks of T cell exhaustion, and establishes the physiological importance of CaV channel signaling in maintaining a nimble immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Fenninger
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Han
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawna R Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lilian L Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hitesh Arora
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyung Bok Choi
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl G Pfeifer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iryna Shanina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Fenninger F, Jefferies WA. What's Bred in the Bone: Calcium Channels in Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1021-1030. [PMID: 30718290 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important second messenger in lymphocytes and is essential in regulating various intracellular pathways that control critical cell functions. Ca2+ channels are located in the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes, facilitating Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm. Upon Ag receptor stimulation, Ca2+ can enter the lymphocyte via the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel found in the plasma membrane. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ modulates signaling pathways, resulting in the transcription of target genes implicated in differentiation, activation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of lymphocytes. Along with Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels, several other channels have been found in the membranes of T and B lymphocytes contributing to key cellular events. Among them are the transient receptor potential channels, the P2X receptors, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor as well as the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. In this article, we review the contributions of these channels to mediating Ca2+ currents that drive specific lymphocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Fenninger
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada; and.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Harris C, Weiss GL, Di S, Tasker JG. Cell signaling dependence of rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100158. [PMID: 31193551 PMCID: PMC6535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shi Di
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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14
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Voo VTF, O'Brien T, Butzkueven H, Monif M. The role of vitamin D and P2X7R in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:159-169. [PMID: 30908981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neuroinflammatory infiltrates and central nervous system demyelination. In the neuroinflammatory foci of MS there is increased expression of a purinergic receptor, P2X7R. Although implicated in the neuroinflammation, the exact role of P2X7R in the context of MS is unclear and forms the basis of this review. In this review, we also introduce the immunopathologies and inflammatory processes in MS, with a focus on P2X7R and the possible immunomodulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tsin Fong Voo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Manes TD, Wang V, Pober JS. Divergent TCR-Initiated Calcium Signals Govern Recruitment versus Activation of Human Alloreactive Effector Memory T Cells by Endothelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3167-3174. [PMID: 30341183 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early human allograft rejection can be initiated when circulating human host versus graft Ag-specific CD8 and CD4 effector memory T cells directly recognize MHC class I and II, respectively, expressed on the luminal surface by endothelium lining graft blood vessels. TCR engagement triggers both graft entry (TCR-driven transendothelial migration or TEM) and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Both TCR-driven TEM and cytokine expression are known to depend on T cell enzymes, myosin L chain kinase, and calcineurin, respectively, that are activated by cytoplasmic calcium and calmodulin, but whether the sources of calcium that control these enzymes are the same or different is unknown. Using superantigen or anti-CD3 Ab presented by cultured human dermal microvascular cells to freshly isolated peripheral blood human effector memory T cells under conditions of flow (models of alloantigen recognition in a vascularized graft), we tested the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of TCR-activated calcium signaling pathways on TCR-driven TEM and cytokine expression. We report that extracellular calcium entry via CRAC channels is the dominant contributor to cytokine expression, but paradoxically these same inhibitors potentiate TEM. Instead, calcium entry via TRPV1, L-Type Cav, and pannexin-1/P2X receptors appear to control TCR-driven TEM. These data reveal new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Manes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | | | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
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16
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Lanaud C, Fouet O, Legavre T, Lopes U, Sounigo O, Eyango MC, Mermaz B, Da Silva MR, Loor Solorzano RG, Argout X, Gyapay G, Ebaiarrey HE, Colonges K, Sanier C, Rivallan R, Mastin G, Cryer N, Boccara M, Verdeil JL, Efombagn Mousseni IB, Peres Gramacho K, Clément D. Deciphering the Theobroma cacao self-incompatibility system: from genomics to diagnostic markers for self-compatibility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4775-4790. [PMID: 29048566 PMCID: PMC5853246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa self-compatibility is an important yield factor and has been described as being controlled by a late gameto-sporophytic system expressed only at the level of the embryo sac. It results in gametic non-fusion and involves several loci. In this work, we identified two loci, located on chromosomes 1 and 4 (CH1 and CH4), involved in cocoa self-incompatibility by two different processes. Both loci are responsible for gametic selection, but only one (the CH4 locus) is involved in the main fruit drop. The CH1 locus acts prior to the gamete fusion step and independently of the CH4 locus. Using fine-mapping and genome-wide association studies, we focused analyses on restricted regions and identified candidate genes. Some of them showed a differential expression between incompatible and compatible reactions. Immunolocalization experiments provided evidence of CH1 candidate genes expressed in ovule and style tissues. Highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) diagnostic markers were designed in the CH4 region that had been identified by fine-mapping. They are characterized by a strong linkage disequilibrium with incompatibility alleles, thus allowing the development of efficient diagnostic markers predicting self-compatibility and fruit setting according to the presence of specific alleles or genotypes. SSR alleles specific to self-compatible Amelonado and Criollo varieties were also identified, thus allowing screening for self-compatible plants in cocoa populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lanaud
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Fouet
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Legavre
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Uilson Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Olivier Sounigo
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UR Bioagresseurs, Elig-Essono, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Marie Claire Eyango
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Benoit Mermaz
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Marcos Ramos Da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Rey Gaston Loor Solorzano
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), EET-Pichilingue. CP 24 Km 5 vía Quevedo El Empalme, Quevedo, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Argout
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Gabor Gyapay
- Commissariat à l’Energie Antomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | | | - Kelly Colonges
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Christine Sanier
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Rivallan
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Mastin
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas Cryer
- Mondelez UK R&D Limited, Bournville Place, Bournville Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michel Boccara
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | | | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Didier Clément
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), CEPLAC, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Faridi U, Dhawan SS, Pal S, Gupta S, Shukla AK, Darokar MP, Sharma A, Shasany AK. Repurposing L-Menthol for Systems Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics? L-Menthol Induces Apoptosis through Caspase 10 and by Suppressing HSP90. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:53-64. [PMID: 26760959 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to repurpose L-menthol, which is frequently used in oral health and topical formulations, for cancer therapeutics. In this article, we argue that monoterpenes such as L-menthol might offer veritable potentials in systems medicine, for example, as cheaper anti-cancer compounds. Other monoterpenes such as limonene, perillyl alcohol, and geraniol have been shown to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, but their mechanisms of action are yet to be completely elucidated. Earlier, we showed that L-menthol modulates tubulin polymerization and apoptosis to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In the present report, we used an apoptosis-related gene microarray in conjunction with proteomics analyses, as well as in silico interpretations, to study gene expression modulation in human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line in response to L-menthol treatment. The microarray analysis identified caspase 10 as the important initiator caspase, instead of caspase 8. The proteomics analyses showed downregulation of HSP90 protein (also corroborated by its low transcript abundance), which in turn indicated inhibition of AKT-mediated survival pathway, release of pro-apoptotic factor BAD from BAD and BCLxL complex, besides regulation of other factors related to apoptosis. Based on the combined microarray, proteomics, and in silico data, a signaling pathway for L-menthol-induced apoptosis is being presented for the first time here. These data and literature analysis have significant implications for "repurposing" L-menthol beyond oral medicine, and in understanding the mode of action of plant-derived monoterpenes towards development of cheaper anticancer drugs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Faridi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sunita S Dhawan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shaifali Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Ajit K Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow, U.P., India
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18
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Mashimo M, Yurie Y, Kawashima K, Fujii T. CRAC channels are required for [Ca(2+)]i oscillations and c-fos gene expression after muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation in leukemic T cells. Life Sci 2016; 161:45-50. [PMID: 27474128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS T lymphocytes express muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) involved in regulating their proliferation, differentiation and cytokine release. Activation of M1, M3 or M5 mAChRs increases the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) through inositol-1,4,5-phosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. In addition, T lymphocytes express Ca(2+)-release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels to induce Ca(2+) influx and to regulate diverse immune functions. Our aim in the present study was to assess the role of CRAC channels during mAChR activation in the Ca(2+)-dependent transduction that contributes to the regulation of T cell function. MAIN METHODS Changes in [Ca(2+)]i following mAChR activation on human leukemic T cells, CCRF-CEM (CEM), were monitored using fura-2, based on the ratio of 510nm fluorescences elicited by excitation at 340nm and 380nm (R340/380). KEY FINDINGS We demonstrate that CEM cells express mainly M3 and M5 mAChRs, but little the M1 subtype, and that oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M), an mAChR agonist, induces an initial transient increase in [Ca(2+)]i followed by repetitive [Ca(2+)]i oscillations. Removing extracellular Ca(2+) or pharmacological blockade of CRAC channels abolished the [Ca(2+)]i oscillations without affecting the initial [Ca(2+)]i transient induced by Oxo-M. Moreover, CRAC channel blockade also suppressed Oxo-M-induced c-fos and interleukin-2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that upon M3 or M5 mAChR activation, IP3-mediated Ca(2+) release induces extracellular Ca(2+) influx through CRAC channels, which generates repetitive [Ca(2+)]i oscillations and, in turn, enhances c-fos gene expression in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mashimo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yukako Yurie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
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T Cell Receptor Mediated Calcium Entry Requires Alternatively Spliced Cav1.1 Channels. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147379. [PMID: 26815481 PMCID: PMC4729531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of calcium entry in T cells is a multichannel and multi-step process. We have studied the requirement for L-type calcium channels (Cav1.1) α1S subunits during calcium entry after TCR stimulation. High expression levels of Cav1.1 channels were detected in activated T cells. Sequencing and cloning of Cav1.1 channel cDNA from T cells revealed that a single splice variant is expressed. This variant lacks exon 29, which encodes the linker region adjacent to the voltage sensor, but contains five new N-terminal exons that substitute for exons 1 and 2, which are found in the Cav1.1 muscle counterpart. Overexpression studies using cloned T cell Cav1.1 in 293HEK cells (that lack TCR) suggest that the gating of these channels was altered. Knockdown of Cav1.1 channels in T cells abrogated calcium entry after TCR stimulation, suggesting that Cav1.1 channels are controlled by TCR signaling.
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20
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Jha A, Singh AK, Weissgerber P, Freichel M, Flockerzi V, Flavell RA, Jha MK. Essential roles for Cavβ2 and Cav1 channels in thymocyte development and T cell homeostasis. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra103. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Davenport B, Li Y, Heizer JW, Schmitz C, Perraud AL. Signature Channels of Excitability no More: L-Type Channels in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:375. [PMID: 26257741 PMCID: PMC4512153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of Ca(2+) as a universal messenger is well established, it was assumed that the regulatory mechanisms of Ca(2+)-signaling were divided along the line of electric excitability. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have, however, provided evidence that non-excitable cells such as immunocytes also express a wide and diverse pool of ion channels that does not differ as significantly from that of excitable cells as originally assumed. Ion channels and transporters are involved in virtually all aspects of immune response regulation, from cell differentiation and development to activation, and effector functions such as migration, antibody-secretion, phagosomal maturation, or vesicular delivery of bactericidal agents. This comprises TRP channel family members, voltage- and Ca(2+)-gated K(+)- and Na(+)-channels, as well as unexpectedly, components of the CaV1-subfamily of voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+)-channels, originally thought to be signature molecules of excitability. This article provides an overview of recent observations made in the field of CaV1 L-type channel function in the immune context, as well as presents results we obtained studying these channels in B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Davenport
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Justin W Heizer
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Carsten Schmitz
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Anne-Laure Perraud
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cAMP in regulating T cell activation and function has been controversial. cAMP is generally known as an immunosuppressant, but it is also required for generating optimal immune responses. As the effect of cAMP is likely to depend on its cellular context, the current study investigated whether the mechanism of activation of Gαs and adenylyl cyclase influences their effect on T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA levels. METHODS The effect of blocking Gs-coupled receptor (GsPCR)-mediated Gs activation on TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels in CD4(+) T cells was compared with that of knocking down Gαs expression or inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity. The effect of knocking down Gαs expression on TCR-stimulated cAMP accumulation was compared with that of blocking GsPCR signaling. RESULTS ZM-241385, an antagonist to the Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR), enhanced TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels in primary human CD4(+) T helper cells and in Jurkat T cells. A dominant negative Gαs construct, GαsDN3, also enhanced TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels. Similar to GsPCR antagonists, GαsDN3 blocked GsPCR-dependent activation of both Gαs and Gβγ. In contrast, Gαs siRNA and 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA), an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, decreased TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels. Gαs siRNA, but not GαsDN3, decreased TCR-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Potentiation of IL-2 mRNA levels by ZM-241385 required at least two days of TCR stimulation, and addition of ddA after three days of TCR stimulation enhanced IL-2 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS GsPCRs play an inhibitory role in the regulation of TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels whereas Gαs and cAMP can play a stimulatory one. Additionally, TCR-dependent activation of Gαs does not appear to involve GsPCRs. These results suggest that the context of Gαs/cAMP activation and the stage of T cell activation and differentiation determine the effect on TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA levels.
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Inhibition of G-Protein βγ Signaling Decreases Levels of Messenger RNAs Encoding Proinflammatory Cytokines in T Cell Receptor-Stimulated CD4(+) T Helper Cells. J Mol Signal 2015; 10:1. [PMID: 27095999 PMCID: PMC4831316 DOI: 10.5334/1750-2187-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhibition of G-protein βγ (Gβγ) signaling was found previously to enhance T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated increases in interleukin 2 (IL-2) mRNA in CD4+ T helper cells, suggesting that Gβγ might be a useful drug target for treating autoimmune diseases, as low dose IL-2 therapy can suppress autoimmune responses. Because IL-2 may counteract autoimmunity in part by shifting CD4+ T helper cells away from the Type 1 T helper cell (TH1) and TH17 subtypes towards the TH2 subtype, the purpose of this study was to determine if blocking Gβγ signaling affected the balance of TH1, TH17, and TH2 cytokine mRNAs produced by CD4+ T helper cells. Methods: Gallein, a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ, and siRNA-mediated silencing of the G-protein β1 subunit (Gβ1) were used to test the effect of blocking Gβγ on mRNA levels of cytokines in primary human TCR-stimulated CD4+ T helper cells. Results: Gallein and Gβ1 siRNA decreased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17A mRNA levels in TCR-stimulated CD4+ T cells grown under TH1-promoting conditions. Inhibiting Gβγ also decreased mRNA levels of STAT4, which plays a positive role in TH1 differentiation and IL-17A production. Moreover, mRNA levels of the STAT4-regulated TH1-associated proteins, IL-18 receptor β chain (IL-18Rβ), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), natural killer cell group 7 sequence (NKG7), and oncostatin M (OSM) were also decreased upon Gβγ inhibition. Gallein also increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 mRNA levels in TCR-stimulated memory CD4+ T cells grown in TH2-promoting conditions. Conclusions: Inhibiting Gβγ to produce these shifts in cytokine mRNA production might be beneficial for patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn’s disease (CD), psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), in which both IFN-γ and IL-17A are elevated.
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Nohara LL, Stanwood SR, Omilusik KD, Jefferies WA. Tweeters, Woofers and Horns: The Complex Orchestration of Calcium Currents in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 26052328 PMCID: PMC4440397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels is a vital event that regulates T lymphocyte homeostasis, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes involve tightly controlled concinnity of multiple ion channels, membrane receptors, and signaling molecules. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores and subsequent sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. This process termed store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) involves the ER Ca2+ sensing molecule, STIM1, and a pore-forming plasma membrane protein, ORAI1. However, several other important Ca2+ channels that are instrumental in T cell function also exist. In this review, we discuss the role of additional Ca2+ channel families expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells that likely contribute to Ca2+ influx following TCR engagement, which include the TRP channels, the NMDA receptors, the P2X receptors, and the IP3 receptors, with a focus on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian L Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Shawna R Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Kyla D Omilusik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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Huang W, Lu C, Wu Y, Ouyang S, Chen Y. T-type calcium channel antagonists, mibefradil and NNC-55-0396 inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:54. [PMID: 25989794 PMCID: PMC4443536 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background T-type Ca2+ channels are often aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and participate in the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation and death. Methods: RT-PCR, Q-PCR, western blotting and whole-cell patch-clamp recording were employed to assess the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels in leukemia cell lines. The function of T-type Ca2+ channels in leukemia cell growth and the possible mechanism of the effect of T-type Ca2+ channel antagonists on cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in T-lymphoma cell lines. Results We show that leukemia cell lines exhibited reduced cell growth when treated with T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitors, mibefradil and NNC-55-0396 in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, these inhibitors played a dual role on cell viability: (i) blunting proliferation, through a halt in the progression to the G1-S phase; and (ii) promoting cell apoptosis, partially dependent on the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. In addition, we observed a reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in MOLT-4 cells in response to mibefradil and NNC-55-0396 treatment. Conclusions These results indicate that mibefradil and NNC-55-0396 regulate proliferation and apoptosis in T-type Ca2+ channel expressing leukemia cell lines and suggest a potential therapeutic target for leukemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0171-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunjing Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shou Ouyang
- Xiamen Medical Research Institute, Xiamen, 361008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.
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Antony C, Mehto S, Tiwari BK, Singh Y, Natarajan K. Regulation of L-type Voltage Gated Calcium Channel CACNA1S in Macrophages upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124263. [PMID: 25915405 PMCID: PMC4411123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated earlier the inhibitory role played by Voltage Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs) in regulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) survival and pathogenesis. In this report, we investigated mechanisms and key players that regulate the surface expression of VGCC-CACNA1S by Rv2463 and M. tb infection in macrophages. Our earlier work identified Rv2463 to be expressed at early times post infection in macrophages that induced suppressor responses to dendritic cells and macrophages. Our results in this study demonstrate a role of MyD88 independent TLR pathway in mediating CACNA1S expression. Dissecting the role for second messengers, we show that calcium homeostasis plays a key role in CACNA1S expression during M. tb infection. Using siRNAs against molecular sensors of calcium regulation, we show an involvement of ER associated Stromal Interaction Molecules 1 and 2 (STIM1 and STIM2), and transcription factor pCREB, towards CACNA1S expression that also involved the MyD88 independent pathway. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species played a negative role in M. tb mediated CACNA1S expression. Further, a cross-regulation of ROS and pCREB was noted that governed CACNA1S expression. Characterizing the mechanisms governing CACNA1S expression would improve our understanding of the regulation of VGCC expression and its role in M. tb pathogenesis during M. tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Antony
- Infectious Disease Immunology Lab, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- * E-mail: (CA); (KN)
| | - Subhash Mehto
- Infectious Disease Immunology Lab, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Brijendra K. Tiwari
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Natarajan
- Infectious Disease Immunology Lab, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- * E-mail: (CA); (KN)
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Yost EA, Hynes TR, Hartle CM, Ott BJ, Berlot CH. Inhibition of G-protein βγ signaling enhances T cell receptor-stimulated interleukin 2 transcription in CD4+ T helper cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116575. [PMID: 25629163 PMCID: PMC4309538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling modulates the expression of cytokines that are drug targets for immune disorders. However, although GPCRs are common targets for other diseases, there are few GPCR-based pharmaceuticals for inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether targeting G-protein βγ (Gβγ) complexes could provide a useful new approach for modulating interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels in CD4+ T helper cells. Gallein, a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ, increased levels of T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated IL-2 mRNA in primary human naïve and memory CD4+ T helper cells and in Jurkat human CD4+ leukemia T cells. Gβ1 and Gβ2 mRNA accounted for >99% of Gβ mRNA, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of Gβ1 but not Gβ2 enhanced TCR-stimulated IL-2 mRNA increases. Blocking Gβγ enhanced TCR-stimulated increases in IL-2 transcription without affecting IL-2 mRNA stability. Blocking Gβγ also enhanced TCR-stimulated increases in nuclear localization of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1), NFAT transcriptional activity, and levels of intracellular Ca2+. Potentiation of IL-2 transcription required continuous Gβγ inhibition during at least two days of TCR stimulation, suggesting that induction or repression of additional signaling proteins during T cell activation and differentiation might be involved. The potentiation of TCR-stimulated IL-2 transcription that results from blocking Gβγ in CD4+ T helper cells could have applications for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Yost
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Hynes
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Cassandra M. Hartle
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Braden J. Ott
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
| | - Catherine H. Berlot
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-2623, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cheli VT, Santiago González DA, Spreuer V, Paez PM. Voltage-gated Ca2+ entry promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and myelination in vitro. Exp Neurol 2014; 265:69-83. [PMID: 25542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the expression of voltage-operated Ca(++) channels (VOCCs) is highly regulated in the oligodendroglial lineage and is essential for proper oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) migration. Here we assessed the role of VOCCs, in particular the L-type, in oligodendrocyte maturation. We used pharmacological treatments to activate or block voltage-gated Ca(++) uptake and siRNAs to specifically knock down the L-type VOCC in primary cultures of mouse OPCs. Activation of VOCCs by plasma membrane depolarization increased OPC morphological differentiation as well as the expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers. On the contrary, inhibition of L-type Ca(++) channels significantly delayed OPC development. OPCs transfected with siRNAs for the Cav1.2 subunit that conducts L-type Ca(++) currents showed reduce Ca(++) influx by ~75% after plasma membrane depolarization, indicating that Cav1.2 is heavily involved in mediating voltage-operated Ca(++) entry in OPCs. Cav1.2 knockdown induced a decrease in the proportion of oligodendrocytes that expressed myelin proteins, and an increase in cells that retained immature oligodendrocyte markers. Moreover, OPC proliferation, but not cell viability, was negatively affected after L-type Ca(++) channel knockdown. Additionally, we have tested the ability of L-type VOCCs to facilitate axon-glial interaction during the first steps of myelin formation using an in vitro co-culture system of OPCs with cortical neurons. Unlike control OPCs, Cav1.2 deficient oligodendrocytes displayed a simple morphology, low levels of myelin proteins expression and appeared to be less capable of establishing contacts with neurites and axons. Together, this set of in vitro experiments characterizes the involvement of L-type VOCCs on OPC maturation as well as the role played by these Ca(++) channels during the early phases of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Cheli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - D A Santiago González
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - V Spreuer
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - P M Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Gabapentin-induced changes of plasma cortisol level and immune status in hysterectomized women. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:530-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Badou A, Jha MK, Matza D, Flavell RA. Emerging roles of L-type voltage-gated and other calcium channels in T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2013; 4:243. [PMID: 24009608 PMCID: PMC3757574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In T lymphocytes, calcium ion controls a variety of biological processes including development, survival, proliferation, and effector functions. These distinct and specific roles are regulated by different calcium signals, which are generated by various plasma membrane calcium channels. The repertoire of calcium-conducting proteins in T lymphocytes includes store-operated CRAC channels, transient receptor potential channels, P2X channels, and L-type voltage-gated calcium (Cav1) channels. In this paper, we will focus mainly on the role of the Cav1 channels found expressed by T lymphocytes, where these channels appear to operate in a T cell receptor stimulation-dependent and voltage sensor independent manner. We will review their expression profile at various differentiation stages of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Then, we will present crucial genetic evidence in favor of a role of these Cav1 channels and related regulatory proteins in both CD4 and CD8 T cell functions such as proliferation, survival, cytokine production, and cytolysis. Finally, we will provide evidence and speculate on how these voltage-gated channels might function in the T lymphocyte, a non-excitable cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Badou
- Equipe de recherche Environnement et Santé, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Université Cadi Ayyad , Safi , Morocco
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31
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Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers inhibit non-esterified-fatty-acid-induced endothelial and rheological dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:247-55. [PMID: 23535137 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circulating NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) from adipose tissue lipolysis lead to endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with the metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that DHP (dihydropyridine) CCBs (calcium channel blockers) prevent NEFA-induced endothelial and haemorheological dysfunction independently of their antihypertensive properties. Using a double-blind cross-over study design, nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem or placebo were administered to eight healthy subjects for 2 days before each study day. On the study days, the following were assessed before and after the infusion of lipid and heparin to raise serum NEFAs: endothelial function, by measuring FBF (forearm blood flow) responses to ACh (acetylcholine); leucocyte activation, by ex vivo measurement of plasma MPO (myeloperoxidase) levels, adherent leucocyte numbers and whole blood transit time through microchannels; and oxidative stress, by determining plasma levels of d-ROMs (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites). Effects of the CCBs on NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) p65 phospholylation stimulated by NEFAs were assessed in cultured monocytic cells in vitro. Elevated NEFAs reduced the responses to ACh and significantly increased whole blood transit time, adherent leucocyte numbers and d-ROMs. Nifedipine and amlodipine, but not diltiazem, prevented NEFA-induced endothelial dysfunction, leucocyte activation and enhancement of oxidative stress without affecting BP (blood pressure), whereas all these drugs prevented NEFA-induced p65 activation in vitro. These results suggest that DHP CCBs, independent of their antihypertensive properties in humans, prevent NEFA-induced endothelial and haemorheological dysfunction through inhibition of NEFA-induced leucocyte activation, although the sensitivity to drugs of leucocyte Ca2+ channels may differ among cells.
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Omilusik KD, Nohara LL, Stanwood S, Jefferies WA. Weft, warp, and weave: the intricate tapestry of calcium channels regulating T lymphocyte function. Front Immunol 2013; 4:164. [PMID: 23805141 PMCID: PMC3690356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a universal second messenger important for T lymphocyte homeostasis, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The events surrounding Ca(2+) mobilization in lymphocytes are tightly regulated and involve the coordination of diverse ion channels, membrane receptors, and signaling molecules. A mechanism termed store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), causes depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores following T cell receptor (TCR) engagement and triggers a sustained influx of extracellular Ca(2+) through Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. The ER Ca(2+) sensing molecule, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and a pore-forming plasma membrane protein, ORAI1, have been identified as important mediators of SOCE. Here, we review the role of several additional families of Ca(2+) channels expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells that likely contribute to Ca(2+) influx following TCR engagement, particularly highlighting an important role for voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (CaV) in T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Omilusik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; The Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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Pelletier L, Savignac M. Ca(2+) signaling in T-cell subsets with a focus on the role of cav1 channels: possible implications in therapeutics. Front Immunol 2013; 4:150. [PMID: 23801988 PMCID: PMC3687208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucette Pelletier
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Center of Physiopathology from Toulouse Purpan, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France ; European Group of Research (GDRE) Ca2+ Toolkit Coded Proteins as Drug Targets in Animal and Plant Cells
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Transthyretin is a key regulator of myoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63627. [PMID: 23717457 PMCID: PMC3661549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a known carrier protein for thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein in the blood that is primarily synthesized in the liver and choroid plexus of the brain. Herein, we report that the TTR gene is expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and up-regulated during myotube formation in C2C12 cells. TTR silencing (TTRkd) significantly reduced myogenin expression and myotube formation, whereas myogenin silencing (MYOGkd) did not have any effect on TTR gene expression. Both TTRkd and MYOGkd led to a decrease in calcium channel related genes including Cav1.1, STIM1 and Orai1. A significant decrease in intracellular T4 uptake during myogenesis was observed in TTRkd cells. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that TTR initiates myoblast differentiation via affecting expression of the genes involved during early stage of myogenesis and the genes related to calcium channel.
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Robert V, Triffaux E, Savignac M, Pelletier L. Singularities of calcium signaling in effector T-lymphocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:1595-602. [PMID: 23266355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) helper T (Th) lymphocytes orchestrate the immune response and include several types of effectors such as Th1, Th17 and Th2 cells. They fight against intracellular, extracellular pathogens and parasites respectively. They may also cause distinct immunopathological disorders. Th1 and Th17 are implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases while Th2 cells can initiate allergic diseases. These subsets differ by their TCR-associated signaling. In addition, the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration is not the same in Th1, Th2 and 17 cells. Our group showed that Th2 cells selectively overexpressed voltage-activated calcium (Cav1)-related channels. An increasing number of groups report the presence of Cav1-related products in T-lymphocyte subsets. This is a matter of debate since these calcium channels are classically defined as activated by high cell membrane depolarization in excitable cells. However, the use of mice with ablation of some Cav1 subunits shows undoubtedly an immune phenotype raising the question of how Cav1 channels are regulated in lymphocytes. We showed that knocking down Cav1.2 and/or Cav1.3 subunits impairs the functions of Th2 lymphocytes and is beneficial in experimental models of asthma, while it has no effect on Th1 cell functions. Beyond the role of Cav1 channels in T-lymphocytes, the identification of key components selectively implicated in one or the other T cell subset paves the way for the design of new selective therapeutic targets in the treatment of immune disorders while preserving the other T-cell subsets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Lai NS, Yu CL, Yin WY, Yu HC, Huang HB, Tung CH, Lu MC. Combination of nifedipine and subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporin additively suppresses mononuclear cells activation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal individuals via Ca(2+) -calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 168:78-86. [PMID: 22385242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Ca(2+) -mediated signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the potential implication of calcium channel blocker in RA remained unknown. We hypothesized that nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, combined with a calcineurin inhibitor, could suppress T cell activation via targeting different level of the Ca(2+) signalling pathway. The percentage of activated T cells and the apoptotic rate of mononuclear cells (MNCs) was measured by flow cytometry. The MNC viability, cytokine production, cytosolic Ca(2+) level and activity of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NFAT-regulated gene expression, including interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the percentage of activated T cells in anti-CD3 + anti-CD28-activated MNC was higher in RA patients. High doses of nifedipine (50 µM) increased MNCs apoptosis, inhibited T cell activation and decreased T helper type 2 (Th1) (IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-10) cytokine production in both groups. The Ca(2+) influx was lower in anti-CD3 + anti-CD28-activated MNC from RA patients than healthy volunteers and suppressed by nifedipine. When combined with a subtherapeutic dose (50 ng/ml) of cyclosporin, 1 µM nifedipine suppressed the percentage of activated T cells in both groups. Moreover, this combination suppressed more IFN-γ secretion and NFAT-regulated gene (GM-CSF and IFN-γ) expression in RA-MNCs than normal MNCs via decreasing the activity of NFATc1. In conclusion, we found that L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers and subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporin act additively to suppress the Ca(2+) -calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway, leading to inhibition of T cell activity. We propose that this combination may become a potential treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-S Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Division of General Surgery, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, no. 2 Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Kliem C, Merling A, Giaisi M, Köhler R, Krammer PH, Li-Weber M. Curcumin suppresses T cell activation by blocking Ca2+ mobilization and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10200-10209. [PMID: 22303019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.318733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the active ingredient of the spice turmeric and has been shown to have a number of pharmacologic and therapeutic activities including antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin have primarily been attributed to its inhibitory effect on NF-κB activity due to redox regulation. In this study, we show that curcumin is an immunosuppressive phytochemical that blocks T cell-activation-induced Ca(2+) mobilization with IC(50) = ∼12.5 μM and thereby prevents NFAT activation and NFAT-regulated cytokine expression. This finding provides a new mechanism for curcumin-mediated anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function. We also show that curcumin can synergize with CsA to enhance immunosuppressive activity because of different inhibitory mechanisms. Furthermore, because Ca(2+) is also the secondary messenger crucial for the TCR-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, our finding also provides another mechanism by which curcumin suppresses NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kliem
- Technologietransfer (T010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Merling
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giaisi
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Köhler
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Min Li-Weber
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Omilusik K, Priatel J, Chen X, Wang Y, Xu H, Choi K, Gopaul R, McIntyre-Smith A, Teh HS, Tan R, Bech-Hansen N, Waterfield D, Fedida D, Hunt S, Jefferies W. The CaV1.4 Calcium Channel Is a Critical Regulator of T Cell Receptor Signaling and Naive T Cell Homeostasis. Immunity 2011; 35:349-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kiviluoto S, Decuypere JP, De Smedt H, Missiaen L, Parys JB, Bultynck G. STIM1 as a key regulator for Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal-muscle development and function. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:16. [PMID: 21798093 PMCID: PMC3156639 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM) were identified as the endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor controlling store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in non-excitable cells. STIM proteins target Orai1-3, tetrameric Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. Structure-function analysis revealed the molecular determinants and the key steps in the activation process of Orai by STIM. Recently, STIM1 was found to be expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle controlling muscle function and properties. Novel STIM targets besides Orai channels are emerging.Here, we will focus on the role of STIM1 in skeletal-muscle structure, development and function. The molecular mechanism underpinning skeletal-muscle physiology points toward an essential role for STIM1-controlled SOCE to drive Ca2+/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent morphogenetic remodeling programs and to support adequate sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) Ca2+-store filling. Also in our hands, STIM1 is transiently up-regulated during the initial phase of in vitro myogenesis of C2C12 cells. The molecular targets of STIM1 in these cells likely involve Orai channels and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels TRPC1 and TRPC3. The fast kinetics of SOCE activation in skeletal muscle seem to depend on the triad-junction formation, favoring a pre-localization and/or pre-formation of STIM1-protein complexes with the plasma-membrane Ca2+-influx channels. Moreover, Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx seems to be essential for controlling the resting Ca2+ concentration and for proper SR Ca2+ filling. Hence, Ca2+ influx through STIM1-dependent activation of SOCE from the T-tubule system may recycle extracellular Ca2+ losses during muscle stimulation, thereby maintaining proper filling of the SR Ca2+ stores and muscle function. Importantly, mouse models for dystrophic pathologies, like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, point towards an enhanced Ca2+ influx through Orai1 and/or TRPC channels, leading to Ca2+-dependent apoptosis and muscle degeneration. In addition, human myopathies have been associated with dysfunctional SOCE. Immunodeficient patients harboring loss-of-function Orai1 mutations develop myopathies, while patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy display alterations in their Ca2+-handling proteins, including STIM proteins. In any case, the molecular determinants responsible for SOCE in human skeletal muscle and for dysregulated SOCE in patients of muscular dystrophy require further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri Kiviluoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Molecular Cell Biology, K,U, Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Park CY, Shcheglovitov A, Dolmetsch R. The CRAC channel activator STIM1 binds and inhibits L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Science 2010; 330:101-5. [PMID: 20929812 DOI: 10.1126/science.1191027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Voltage- and store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) channels are the major routes of Ca(2+) entry in mammalian cells, but little is known about how cells coordinate the activity of these channels to generate coherent calcium signals. We found that STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1), the main activator of store-operated Ca(2+) channels, directly suppresses depolarization-induced opening of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel Ca(V)1.2. STIM1 binds to the C terminus of Ca(V)1.2 through its Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) activation domain, acutely inhibits gating, and causes long-term internalization of the channel from the membrane. This establishes a previously unknown function for STIM1 and provides a molecular mechanism to explain the reciprocal regulation of these two channels in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Young Park
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Foley JF, Singh SP, Cantu M, Chen L, Zhang HH, Farber JM. Differentiation of human T cells alters their repertoire of G protein alpha-subunits. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35537-50. [PMID: 20829352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because T cell differentiation leads to an expanded repertoire of chemokine receptors, a subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors, we hypothesized that the repertoire of G proteins might be altered in parallel. We analyzed the abundance of mRNA and/or protein of six G protein α-subunits in human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets from blood. Although most G protein α-subunits were similarly expressed in all subsets, the abundance of Gα(o), a protein not previously described in hematopoietic cells, was much higher in memory versus naive cells. Consistent with these data, activation of naive CD4(+) T cells in vitro significantly increased the abundance of Gα(o) in cells stimulated under nonpolarizing or T(H)17 (but not T(H)1 or T(H)2)-polarizing conditions. In functional studies, the use of a chimeric G protein α-subunit, Gα(qo5), demonstrated that chemokine receptors could couple to Gα(o)-containing G proteins. We also found that Gα(i1), another α-subunit not described previously in leukocytes, was expressed in naive T cells but virtually absent from memory subsets. Corresponding to their patterns of expression, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Gα(o) in memory (but not naive) and Gα(i1) in naive (but not memory) CD4(+) T cells inhibited chemokine-dependent migration. Moreover, although even in Gα(o)- and Gα(i1)-expressing cells mRNAs of these α-subunits were much less abundant than Gα(i2) or Gα(i3), knockdown of any of these subunits impaired chemokine receptor-mediated migration similarly. Together, our data reveal a change in the repertoire of Gα(i/o) subunits during T cell differentiation and suggest functional equivalence among Gα(i/o) subunits irrespective of their relative abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Foley
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. NSAIDs, Mitochondria and Calcium Signaling: Special Focus on Aspirin/Salicylates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1594-1613. [PMID: 27713319 PMCID: PMC4033999 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has long been used as an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug. Recently, much attention has been paid to the chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing effects of NSAIDs in cancer cells. These effects have been thought to be primarily attributed to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated unequivocally that certain NSAIDs, including aspirin and its metabolite salicylic acid, exert their anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects independently of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. It is becoming increasingly evident that two potential common targets of NSAIDs are mitochondria and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of mitochondria and Ca2+ in the apoptosis-inducing effects as well as some side effects of aspirin, salicylates and other NSAIDs, and introducing the emerging role of L-type Ca2+ channels, a new Ca2+ entry pathway in non-excitable cells that is up-regulated in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Inoue
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Gao MC, Bellugi U, Dai L, Mills DL, Sobel EM, Lange K, Korenberg JR. Intelligence in Williams Syndrome is related to STX1A, which encodes a component of the presynaptic SNARE complex. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10292. [PMID: 20422020 PMCID: PMC2858212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetics is the most significant known determinant of human intelligence, specific gene contributions remain largely unknown. To accelerate understanding in this area, we have taken a new approach by studying the relationship between quantitative gene expression and intelligence in a cohort of 65 patients with Williams Syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 1.5 Mb deletion on chromosome 7q11.23. We find that variation in the transcript levels of the brain gene STX1A correlates significantly with intelligence in WS patients measured by principal component analysis (PCA) of standardized WAIS-R subtests, r = 0.40 (Pearson correlation, Bonferroni corrected p-value = 0.007), accounting for 15.6% of the cognitive variation. These results suggest that syntaxin 1A, a neuronal regulator of presynaptic vesicle release, may play a role in WS and be a component of the cellular pathway determining human intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Gao
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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ZHANG SONGDONG, YIN YANXIA, WEI QUN. Immunopotentiation on murine spleen lymphocytes induced by polysaccharide fraction ofPanax ginsengvia upregulating calcineurin activity. APMIS 2010; 118:288-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is essential for nitric oxide generation, L-type Ca2+ channel activation and survival in RBL-2H3 mast cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:372-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. L-type Ca2+ channels: a new player in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, cell activation and cell survival in immune cells. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:640-8. [PMID: 19926136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a highly versatile intracellular second messenger in many cell types, and regulates many complicated cellular processes, including cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular fluid is required for sustained elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and full activation of Ca(2+)-dependent processes. It is widely accepted that Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels are the major routes of Ca(2+) influx in electrically non-excitable cells, including hematopoietic cells, whereas voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) serve as the principal routes of Ca(2+) entry into electrically excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. However, recent pharmacological and molecular genetic studies have revealed the existence of functional LTCCs and/or LTCC-like channels in a variety of immune cells including mast cells. In this article, we review recent advances in our understanding of Ca(2+) signaling in immune cells with a special interest in mast cells. We highlight roles for LTCCs in antigen receptor-mediated mast cell activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Abstract
T lymphocytes require Ca2+ entry though the plasma membrane for their activation and function. Recently, several routes for Ca2+ entry through the T-cell plasma membrane after activation have been described. These include calcium release-activated channels (CRAC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Herein we review the emergence of a fourth new route for Ca2+ entry, composed of Ca(v) channels (also known as L-type voltage-gated calcium channels) and the scaffold protein AHNAK1 (AHNAK/desmoyokin). Both helper (CD4+) and killer (CD8+) T cells express high levels of Ca(v)1 alpha1 subunits (alpha1S, alpha1C, alpha1D, and alpha1F) and AHNAK1 after their differentiation and require these molecules for Ca2+ entry during an immune response. In this article, we describe the observations and open questions that ultimately suggest the involvement of multiple consecutive routes for Ca2+ entry into lymphocytes, one of which may be mediated by Ca(v) channels and AHNAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Matza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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48
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Abstract
For more than 25 years, it has been widely appreciated that Ca2+ influx is essential to trigger T-lymphocyte activation. Patch clamp analysis, molecular identification, and functional studies using blockers and genetic manipulation have shown that a unique contingent of ion channels orchestrates the initiation, intensity, and duration of the Ca2+ signal. Five distinct types of ion channels--Kv1.3, KCa3.1, Orai1+ stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) [Ca2+-release activating Ca2+ (CRAC) channel], TRPM7, and Cl(swell)--comprise a network that performs functions vital for ongoing cellular homeostasis and for T-cell activation, offering potential targets for immunomodulation. Most recently, the roles of STIM1 and Orai1 have been revealed in triggering and forming the CRAC channel following T-cell receptor engagement. Kv1.3, KCa3.1, STIM1, and Orai1 have been found to cluster at the immunological synapse following contact with an antigen-presenting cell; we discuss how channels at the synapse might function to modulate local signaling. Immuno-imaging approaches are beginning to shed light on ion channel function in vivo. Importantly, the expression pattern of Ca2+ and K+ channels and hence the functional network can adapt depending upon the state of differentiation and activation, and this allows for different stages of an immune response to be targeted specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4561, USA.
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Requirement for AHNAK1-mediated calcium signaling during T lymphocyte cytolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:9785-90. [PMID: 19497879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902844106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8(+) T cells (CTLs) kill virally infected cells, tumor cells, or other potentially autoreactive T cells in a calcium-dependent manner. To date, the molecular mechanism that leads to calcium intake during CTL differentiation and function has remained unresolved. We demonstrate that desmoyokin (AHNAK1) is expressed in mature CTLs, but not in naive CD8(+) T cells, and is critical for calcium entry required for their proper function during immune response. We show that mature AHNAK1-deficient CTLs exhibit reduced Ca(v)1.1 alpha1 subunit expression (also referred to as L-type calcium channels or alpha1S pore-forming subunits), which recently were suggested to play a role in calcium entry into CD4(+) T cells. AHNAK1-deficient CTLs show marked reduction in granzyme-B production, cytolytic activity, and IFN-gamma secretion after T cell receptor stimulation. Our results demonstrate an AHNAK1-dependent mechanism controlling calcium entry during CTL effector function.
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Ca v 1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel protects mast cells against activation-induced cell death by preventing mitochondrial integrity disruption. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2370-80. [PMID: 19447492 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In non-excitable cells, store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs) are the principal routes of Ca(2+) entry. Recently, store-independent Ca(2+) channels which are pharmacologically and/or immunologically similar to L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) have been shown to exist in various hematopoietic cells, including T cells, B cells and neutrophils. We previously reported that mast cells express LTCCs which regulate mast cell effector responses in a distinct manner from SOCs. In the present study, we examined the possible role for LTCCs in mast cell survival. Both RBL-2H3 mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells underwent considerable apoptosis after treatment with thapsigargin (Tg) but not stimulation through the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI). The LTCC-selective antagonists such as nifedipine greatly augmented Fc epsilon RI-mediated apoptosis, while the LTCC-selective agonist (S)-BayK8644 blocked Tg-induced apoptosis. The modulation of apoptosis was accompanied by altered mitochondrial integrity, as measured with the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase-3/7 activation. Fc epsilon RI stimulation induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](m)) entry through both SOCs and LTCCs, while Tg evoked [Ca(2+)](m) entry through LTCCs but not SOCs. The LTCC-selective antagonists blocked [Ca(2+)](m) entry, whereas (S)-BayK8644 augmented Tg-induced [Ca(2+)](m) entry. Moreover, blockade of the expression of the alpha(1C) subunit of Ca(v)1.2 LTCC using small-interfering RNA strongly augmented Fc epsilon RI-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial integrity, and mitochondrial Ca(2+) collapse, and abolished the protective effects of (S)-BayK8644 against Tg-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that Ca(v)1.2 LTCC protects mast cells against activation-induced cell death by preventing mitochondrial integrity disruption.
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