1
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Mechanical stretching of cells and lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. J Control Release 2021; 339:208-219. [PMID: 34563590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has gained popularity in the treatment of incurable diseases. However, cell components, such as surface membrane, cytoskeleton protein, and nuclear envelope, retard the transport of nucleic acids, lowering the transfection efficiency. We developed a physical-chemical hybrid platform (S-RCLs) involving cationic lipid nanoparticles (RCLs) exposed to cyclic stretch. The transfection efficiency and delivery mechanisms of S-RCLs for siRNAs and pDNAs (plasmid DNAs encoding luciferase) were investigated. S-RCLs effectively delivered both siRNAs and pDNAs by overcoming the cell barriers. Mechanistically, S-RCLs promote the cellular uptake mediated by CD44, EH-domain containing 2 (EHD2), and caveolin-1 (CAV-1); intracellular transport via MAP6 Domain Containing 1 (Map6d1) and F-actin; and DNA transcription regulated by LSM3 and Hist1h3e in the nucleus. Thus, S-RCLs are a promising hybrid platform with excellent efficiency and biocompatibility for gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo.
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2
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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3
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Ho GPH, Ramalingam N, Imberdis T, Wilkie EC, Dettmer U, Selkoe DJ. Upregulation of Cellular Palmitoylation Mitigates α-Synuclein Accumulation and Neurotoxicity. Mov Disord 2020; 36:348-359. [PMID: 33103814 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by α-synuclein (αS) cytoplasmic inclusions. αS-dependent vesicle-trafficking defects are important in PD pathogenesis, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Protein palmitoylation, post-translational addition of the fatty acid palmitate to cysteines, promotes trafficking by anchoring specific proteins to the vesicle membrane. αS itself cannot be palmitoylated as it lacks cysteines, but it binds to membranes, where palmitoylation occurs, via an amphipathic helix. We hypothesized that abnormal αS membrane-binding impairs trafficking by disrupting palmitoylation. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of increasing cellular palmitoylation. OBJECTIVES We asked whether upregulating palmitoylation by inhibiting the depalmitoylase acyl-protein-thioesterase-1 (APT1) ameliorates pathologic αS-mediated cellular phenotypes and sought to identify the mechanism. METHODS Using human neuroblastoma cells, rat neurons, and iPSC-derived PD patient neurons, we examined the effects of pharmacologic and genetic downregulation of APT1 on αS-associated phenotypes. RESULTS APT1 inhibition or knockdown decreased αS cytoplasmic inclusions, reduced αS serine-129 phosphorylation (a PD neuropathological marker), and protected against αS-dependent neurotoxicity. We identified the APT1 substrate microtubule-associated-protein-6 (MAP6), which binds to vesicles in a palmitoylation-dependent manner, as a key mediator of these effects. Mechanistically, we found that pathologic αS accelerated palmitate turnover on MAP6, suggesting that APT1 inhibition corrects a pathological αS-dependent palmitoylation deficit. We confirmed the disease relevance of this mechanism by demonstrating decreased MAP6 palmitoylation in neurons from αS gene triplication patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel link between the fundamental process of palmitoylation and αS pathophysiology. Upregulating palmitoylation represents an unexplored therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P H Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin C Wilkie
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Cuveillier C, Delaroche J, Seggio M, Gory-Fauré S, Bosc C, Denarier E, Bacia M, Schoehn G, Mohrbach H, Kulić I, Andrieux A, Arnal I, Delphin C. MAP6 is an intraluminal protein that induces neuronal microtubules to coil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4344. [PMID: 32270043 PMCID: PMC7112752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activities depend heavily on microtubules, which shape neuronal processes and transport myriad molecules within them. Although constantly remodeled through growth and shrinkage events, neuronal microtubules must be sufficiently stable to maintain nervous system wiring. This stability is somehow maintained by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), but little is known about how these proteins work. Here, we show that MAP6, previously known to confer cold stability to microtubules, promotes growth. More unexpectedly, MAP6 localizes in the lumen of microtubules, induces the microtubules to coil into a left-handed helix, and forms apertures in the lattice, likely to relieve mechanical stress. These features have not been seen in microtubules before and could play roles in maintaining axonal width or providing flexibility in the face of compressive forces during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cuveillier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Seggio
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maria Bacia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Mohrbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Théorique, UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine
| | - Igor Kulić
- Institut Charles Sandron, CNRS-UdS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
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5
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Zareba-Koziol M, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Figiel I, Krzystyniak A, Wojtowicz T, Bijata M, Wlodarczyk J. Stress-induced Changes in the S-palmitoylation and S-nitrosylation of Synaptic Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1916-1938. [PMID: 31311849 PMCID: PMC6773552 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise regulation of synaptic integrity is critical for neuronal network connectivity and proper brain function. Essential aspects of the activity and localization of synaptic proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications. S-palmitoylation is a reversible covalent modification of the cysteine with palmitate. It modulates affinity of the protein for cell membranes and membranous compartments. Intracellular palmitoylation dynamics are regulated by crosstalk with other posttranslational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a covalent modification of cysteine thiol by nitric oxide and can modulate protein functions. Therefore, simultaneous identification of endogenous site-specific proteomes of both cysteine modifications under certain biological conditions offers new insights into the regulation of functional pathways. Still unclear, however, are the ways in which this crosstalk is affected in brain pathology, such as stress-related disorders. Using a newly developed mass spectrometry-based approach Palmitoylation And Nitrosylation Interplay Monitoring (PANIMoni), we analyzed the endogenous S-palmitoylation and S-nitrosylation of postsynaptic density proteins at the level of specific single cysteine in a mouse model of chronic stress. Among a total of 813 S-PALM and 620 S-NO cysteine sites that were characterized on 465 and 360 proteins, respectively, we sought to identify those that were differentially affected by stress. Our data show involvement of S-palmitoylation and S-nitrosylation crosstalk in the regulation of 122 proteins including receptors, scaffolding proteins, regulatory proteins and cytoskeletal components. Our results suggest that atypical crosstalk between the S-palmitoylation and S-nitrosylation interplay of proteins involved in synaptic transmission, protein localization and regulation of synaptic plasticity might be one of the main events associated with chronic stress disorder, leading to destabilization in synaptic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zareba-Koziol
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Figiel
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Krzystyniak
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wojtowicz
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sébastien M, Giannesini B, Aubin P, Brocard J, Chivet M, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S, Bosc C, Brocard J, Rendu J, Gory-Fauré S, Andrieux A, Fourest-Lieuvin A, Fauré J, Marty I. Deletion of the microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) results in skeletal muscle dysfunction. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:30. [PMID: 30231928 PMCID: PMC6147105 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The skeletal muscle fiber has a specific and precise intracellular organization which is at the basis of an efficient muscle contraction. Microtubules are long known to play a major role in the function and organization of many cells, but in skeletal muscle, the contribution of the microtubule cytoskeleton to the efficiency of contraction has only recently been studied. The microtubule network is dynamic and is regulated by many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In the present study, the role of the MAP6 protein in skeletal muscle organization and function has been studied using the MAP6 knockout mouse line. Methods The presence of MAP6 transcripts and proteins was shown in mouse muscle homogenates and primary culture using RT-PCR and western blot. The in vivo evaluation of muscle force of MAP6 knockout (KO) mice was performed on anesthetized animals using electrostimulation coupled to mechanical measurement and multimodal magnetic resonance. The impact of MAP6 deletion on microtubule organization and intracellular structures was studied using immunofluorescent labeling and electron microscopy, and on calcium release for muscle contraction using Fluo-4 calcium imaging on cultured myotubes. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney test. Results We demonstrate the presence of MAP6 transcripts and proteins in skeletal muscle. Deletion of MAP6 results in a large number of muscle modifications: muscle weakness associated with slight muscle atrophy, alterations of microtubule network and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and reduction in calcium release. Conclusion Altogether, our results demonstrate that MAP6 is involved in skeletal muscle function. Its deletion results in alterations in skeletal muscle contraction which contribute to the global deleterious phenotype of the MAP6 KO mice. As MAP6 KO mouse line is a model for schizophrenia, our work points to a possible muscle weakness associated to some forms of schizophrenia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0176-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sébastien
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Perrine Aubin
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Brocard
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Chivet
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CeSI-Met & DNICS, University G. d' Annunzio of Chieti, I-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CeSI-Met & DNICS, University G. d' Annunzio of Chieti, I-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christophe Bosc
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - John Rendu
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble, Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CEA-Grenoble, BIG, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Fourest-Lieuvin
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CEA-Grenoble, BIG, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble, Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Marty
- INSERM 1216, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,GIN- Inserm U1216 - Bat EJ Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38700, La Tronche, France.
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7
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Brocard J, Dufour F, Gory-Fauré S, Arnoult C, Bosc C, Denarier E, Peris L, Saoudi Y, De Waard M, Andrieux A. MAP6 interacts with Tctex1 and Ca v 2.2/N-type calcium channels to regulate calcium signalling in neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2754-2767. [PMID: 29094416 PMCID: PMC5765474 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAP6 proteins were first described as microtubule‐stabilizing agents, whose properties were thought to be essential for neuronal development and maintenance of complex neuronal networks. However, deletion of all MAP6 isoforms in MAP6 KO mice does not lead to dramatic morphological aberrations of the brain but rather to alterations in multiple neurotransmissions and severe behavioural impairments. A search for protein partners of MAP6 proteins identified Tctex1 – a dynein light chain with multiple non‐microtubule‐related functions. The involvement of Tctex1 in calcium signalling led to investigate it in MAP6 KO neurons. In this study, we show that functional Cav2.2/N‐type calcium channels are deficient in MAP6 KO neurons, due to improper location. We also show that MAP6 proteins interact directly with both Tctex1 and the C‐terminus of Cav2.2/N‐type calcium channels. A balance of these two interactions seems to be crucial for MAP6 to modulate calcium signalling in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Brocard
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Dufour
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- U1209, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,UMR 5309, CNRS, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG-GPC, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yasmina Saoudi
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- U1087, INSERM, Nantes, France.,UMR 6291, CNRS, Nantes, France.,Université Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- U1216, INSERM, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG-GPC, Grenoble, France
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8
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Gimenez U, Boulan B, Mauconduit F, Taurel F, Leclercq M, Denarier E, Brocard J, Gory-Fauré S, Andrieux A, Lahrech H, Deloulme JC. 3D imaging of the brain morphology and connectivity defects in a model of psychiatric disorders: MAP6-KO mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10308. [PMID: 28871106 PMCID: PMC5583184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) is expressed at high levels and is crucial for cognitive abilities. The large spectrum of social and cognitive impairments observed in MAP6-KO mice are reminiscent of the symptoms observed in psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, and respond positively to long-term treatment with antipsychotics. MAP6-KO mice have therefore been proposed to be a useful animal model for these diseases. Here, we explored the brain anatomy in MAP6-KO mice using high spatial resolution 3D MRI, including a volumetric T1w method to image brain structures, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) for white matter fiber tractography. 3D DTI imaging of neuronal tracts was validated by comparing results to optical images of cleared brains. Changes to brain architecture included reduced volume of the cerebellum and the thalamus and altered size, integrity and spatial orientation of some neuronal tracks such as the anterior commissure, the mammillary tract, the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tract, the fasciculus retroflexus and the fornix. Our results provide information on the neuroanatomical defects behind the neurological phenotype displayed in the MAP6-KO mice model and especially highlight a severe damage of the corticospinal tract with defasciculation at the location of the pontine nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Gimenez
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Boulan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Taurel
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, BIG-GPC, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, BIG-GPC, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hana Lahrech
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean Christophe Deloulme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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9
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Dynamic Palmitoylation Targets MAP6 to the Axon to Promote Microtubule Stabilization during Neuronal Polarization. Neuron 2017; 94:809-825.e7. [PMID: 28521134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are main candidates to stabilize neuronal microtubules, playing an important role in establishing axon-dendrite polarity. However, how MAPs are selectively targeted to specific neuronal compartments remains poorly understood. Here, we show specific localization of microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6)/stable tubule-only polypeptide (STOP) throughout neuronal maturation and its role in axonal development. In unpolarized neurons, MAP6 is present at the Golgi complex and in secretory vesicles. As neurons mature, MAP6 is translocated to the proximal axon, where it binds and stabilizes microtubules. Further, we demonstrate that dynamic palmitoylation, mediated by the family of α/β Hydrolase domain-containing protein 17 (ABHD17A-C) depalmitoylating enzymes, controls shuttling of MAP6 between membranes and microtubules and is required for MAP6 retention in axons. We propose a model in which MAP6's palmitoylation mediates microtubule stabilization, allows efficient organelle trafficking, and controls axon maturation in vitro and in situ.
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10
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Lemonidis K, Sanchez-Perez MC, Chamberlain LH. Identification of a Novel Sequence Motif Recognized by the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of zDHHC17/13 S-Acyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21939-50. [PMID: 26198635 PMCID: PMC4571948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Acylation is a major post-translational modification affecting several cellular processes. It is particularly important for neuronal functions. This modification is catalyzed by a family of transmembrane S-acyltransferases that contain a conserved zinc finger DHHC (zDHHC) domain. Typically, eukaryote genomes encode for 7-24 distinct zDHHC enzymes, with two members also harboring an ankyrin repeat (AR) domain at their cytosolic N termini. The AR domain of zDHHC enzymes is predicted to engage in numerous interactions and facilitates both substrate recruitment and S-acylation-independent functions; however, the sequence/structural features recognized by this module remain unknown. The two mammalian AR-containing S-acyltransferases are the Golgi-localized zDHHC17 and zDHHC13, also known as Huntingtin-interacting proteins 14 and 14-like, respectively; they are highly expressed in brain, and their loss in mice leads to neuropathological deficits that are reminiscent of Huntington's disease. Here, we report that zDHHC17 and zDHHC13 recognize, via their AR domain, evolutionary conserved and closely related sequences of a [VIAP][VIT]XXQP consensus in SNAP25, SNAP23, cysteine string protein, Huntingtin, cytoplasmic linker protein 3, and microtubule-associated protein 6. This novel AR-binding sequence motif is found in regions predicted to be unstructured and is present in a number of zDHHC17 substrates and zDHHC17/13-interacting S-acylated proteins. This is the first study to identify a motif recognized by AR-containing zDHHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Lemonidis
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univesity of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Sanchez-Perez
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univesity of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Luke H Chamberlain
- From the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univesity of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
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11
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An interstitial de-novo microdeletion of 3q26.33q27.3 causing severe intrauterine growth retardation. Clin Dysmorphol 2015; 24:68-74. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Dacheux D, Roger B, Bosc C, Landrein N, Roche E, Chansel L, Trian T, Andrieux A, Papaxanthos-Roche A, Marthan R, Robinson DR, Bonhivers M. Human FAM154A (SAXO1) is a microtubule-stabilizing protein specific to cilia and related structures. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1294-307. [PMID: 25673876 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.155143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles present at the surface of most cells, ranging from protozoa to vertebrates, in which these structures are implicated in processes from morphogenesis to cell motility. In vertebrate neurons, microtubule-associated MAP6 proteins stabilize cold-resistant microtubules through their Mn and Mc modules, and play a role in synaptic plasticity. Although centrioles, cilia and flagella have cold-stable microtubules, MAP6 proteins have not been identified in these organelles, suggesting that additional proteins support this role in these structures. Here, we characterize human FAM154A (hereafter referred to as hSAXO1) as the first human member of a widely conserved family of MAP6-related proteins specific to centrioles and cilium microtubules. Our data demonstrate that hSAXO1 binds specifically to centriole and cilium microtubules. We identify, in vivo and in vitro, hSAXO1 Mn modules as responsible for microtubule binding and stabilization as well as being necessary for ciliary localization. Finally, overexpression and knockdown studies show that hSAXO1 modulates axoneme length. Taken together, our findings suggest a fine regulation of hSAXO1 localization and important roles in cilium biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dacheux
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Roger
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche U836, F-38000, Grenoble, France University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Roche
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Chansel
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Trian
- University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche U836, F-38000, Grenoble, France University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France CEA, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, GPC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Papaxanthos-Roche
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Derrick R Robinson
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- University Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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13
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Gory-Fauré S, Windscheid V, Brocard J, Montessuit S, Tsutsumi R, Denarier E, Fukata Y, Bosc C, Delaroche J, Collomb N, Fukata M, Martinou JC, Pernet-Gallay K, Andrieux A. Non-microtubular localizations of microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6). PLoS One 2014; 9:e114905. [PMID: 25526643 PMCID: PMC4272302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP6 proteins (MAP6s), which include MAP6-N (also called Stable Tubule Only Polypeptide, or STOP) and MAP6d1 (MAP6 domain-containing protein 1, also called STOP-Like protein 21 kD, or SL21), bind to and stabilize microtubules. MAP6 deletion in mice severely alters integrated brain functions and is associated with synaptic defects, suggesting that MAP6s may also have alternative cellular roles. MAP6s reportedly associate with the Golgi apparatus through palmitoylation of their N-terminal domain, and specific isoforms have been shown to bind actin. Here, we use heterologous systems to investigate several biochemical properties of MAP6 proteins. We demonstrate that the three N-terminal cysteines of MAP6d1 are palmitoylated by a subset of DHHC-type palmitoylating enzymes. Analysis of the subcellular localization of palmitoylated MAP6d1, including electron microscopic analysis, reveals possible localization to the Golgi and the plasma membrane but no association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, we observed localization of MAP6d1 to mitochondria, which requires the N-terminus of the protein but does not require palmitoylation. We show that endogenous MAP6d1 localized at mitochondria in mature mice neurons as well as at the outer membrane and in the intermembrane space of purified mouse mitochondria. Last, we found that MAP6d1 can multimerize via a microtubule-binding module. Interestingly, most of these properties of MAP6d1 are shared by MAP6-N. Together, these results describe several properties of MAP6 proteins, including their intercellular localization and multimerization activity, which may be relevant to neuronal differentiation and synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (SGF); (AA)
| | - Vanessa Windscheid
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eric Denarier
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Grenoble, France
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Nora Collomb
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (SGF); (AA)
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14
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Partial monosomy 3q26.33-3q27.3 presenting with intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and diaphragm eventration: a case report. Clin Dysmorphol 2014; 23:147-51. [PMID: 25144152 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Schwenk BM, Lang CM, Hogl S, Tahirovic S, Orozco D, Rentzsch K, Lichtenthaler SF, Hoogenraad CC, Capell A, Haass C, Edbauer D. The FTLD risk factor TMEM106B and MAP6 control dendritic trafficking of lysosomes. EMBO J 2013; 33:450-67. [PMID: 24357581 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201385857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM106B is a major risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology. TMEM106B localizes to lysosomes, but its function remains unclear. We show that TMEM106B knockdown in primary neurons affects lysosomal trafficking and blunts dendritic arborization. We identify microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) as novel interacting protein for TMEM106B. MAP6 over-expression inhibits dendritic branching similar to TMEM106B knockdown. MAP6 knockdown fully rescues the dendritic phenotype of TMEM106B knockdown, supporting a functional interaction between TMEM106B and MAP6. Live imaging reveals that TMEM106B knockdown and MAP6 overexpression strongly increase retrograde transport of lysosomes in dendrites. Downregulation of MAP6 in TMEM106B knockdown neurons restores the balance of anterograde and retrograde lysosomal transport and thereby prevents loss of dendrites. To strengthen the link, we enhanced anterograde lysosomal transport by expressing dominant-negative Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), which also rescues the dendrite loss in TMEM106B knockdown neurons. Thus, TMEM106B/MAP6 interaction is crucial for controlling dendritic trafficking of lysosomes, presumably by acting as a molecular brake for retrograde transport. Lysosomal misrouting may promote neurodegeneration in patients with TMEM106B risk variants.
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16
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Mandrile G, Dubois A, Hoffman JD, Uliana V, Di Maria E, Malacarne M, Coviello D, Faravelli F, Zwolinski S, Hellens S, Wright M, Forzano F. 3q26.33–3q27.2 microdeletion: A new microdeletion syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:216-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Arama J, Boulay AC, Bosc C, Delphin C, Loew D, Rostaing P, Amigou E, Ezan P, Wingertsmann L, Guillaud L, Andrieux A, Giaume C, Cohen-Salmon M. Bmcc1s, a novel brain-isoform of Bmcc1, affects cell morphology by regulating MAP6/STOP functions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35488. [PMID: 22523599 PMCID: PMC3327665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCH (BNIP2 and Cdc42GAP Homology) domain-containing protein Bmcc1/Prune2 is highly enriched in the brain and is involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and cell survival. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for these functions are poorly defined. Here, we have identified Bmcc1s, a novel isoform of Bmcc1 predominantly expressed in the mouse brain. In primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, Bmcc1s localized on intermediate filaments and microtubules and interacted directly with MAP6/STOP, a microtubule-binding protein responsible for microtubule cold stability. Bmcc1s overexpression inhibited MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability by displacing MAP6 away from microtubules. It also resulted in the formation of membrane protrusions for which MAP6 was a necessary cofactor of Bmcc1s. This study identifies Bmcc1s as a new MAP6 interacting protein able to modulate MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability. Moreover, it illustrates a novel mechanism by which Bmcc1 regulates cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Arama
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Boulay
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Equipe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U836, Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Equipe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U836, Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rostaing
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Paris, France
| | - Edwige Amigou
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laure Wingertsmann
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- Cell and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Equipe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U836, Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Christian Giaume
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED, N°158, Paris, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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18
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Dacheux D, Landrein N, Thonnus M, Gilbert G, Sahin A, Wodrich H, Robinson DR, Bonhivers M. A MAP6-related protein is present in protozoa and is involved in flagellum motility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31344. [PMID: 22355359 PMCID: PMC3280300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates the microtubule-associated proteins MAP6 and MAP6d1 stabilize cold-resistant microtubules. Cilia and flagella have cold-stable microtubules but MAP6 proteins have not been identified in these organelles. Here, we describe TbSAXO as the first MAP6-related protein to be identified in a protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. Using a heterologous expression system, we show that TbSAXO is a microtubule stabilizing protein. Furthermore we identify the domains of the protein responsible for microtubule binding and stabilizing and show that they share homologies with the microtubule-stabilizing Mn domains of the MAP6 proteins. We demonstrate, in the flagellated parasite, that TbSAXO is an axonemal protein that plays a role in flagellum motility. Lastly we provide evidence that TbSAXO belongs to a group of MAP6-related proteins (SAXO proteins) present only in ciliated or flagellated organisms ranging from protozoa to mammals. We discuss the potential roles of the SAXO proteins in cilia and flagella function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dacheux
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magali Thonnus
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Annelise Sahin
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Harald Wodrich
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Derrick R. Robinson
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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19
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Gardiner J, Overall R, Marc J. The microtubule cytoskeleton acts as a key downstream effector of neurotransmitter signaling. Synapse 2011; 65:249-56. [PMID: 20687109 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are well known to play a key role in the trafficking of neurotransmitters to the synapse. However, less attention has been paid to their role as downstream effectors of neurotransmitter signaling in the target neuron. Here, we show that neurotransmitter-based signaling to the microtubule cytoskeleton regulates downstream microtubule function through several mechanisms. These include tubulin posttranslational modification, binding of microtubule-associated proteins, release of microtubule-interacting second messenger molecules, and regulation of tubulin expression levels. We review the evidence for neurotransmitter regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, focusing on the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, glutamate, glycine, and acetylcholine. Some evidence suggests that microtubules may even play a more direct role in propagating action potentials through conductance of electric current. In turn, there is evidence for the regulation of neurotransmission by the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gardiner
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
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20
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Liao Q, Liu C, Yuan X, Kang S, Miao R, Xiao H, Zhao G, Luo H, Bu D, Zhao H, Skogerbø G, Wu Z, Zhao Y. Large-scale prediction of long non-coding RNA functions in a coding-non-coding gene co-expression network. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:3864-78. [PMID: 21247874 PMCID: PMC3089475 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has provided insight into the various functions of long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the exact functions of the majority of such transcripts are still unknown. Here, we report the first computational annotation of lncRNA functions based on public microarray expression profiles. A coding–non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) network was constructed from re-annotated Affymetrix Mouse Genome Array data. Probable functions for altogether 340 lncRNAs were predicted based on topological or other network characteristics, such as module sharing, association with network hubs and combinations of co-expression and genomic adjacency. The functions annotated to the lncRNAs mainly involve organ or tissue development (e.g. neuron, eye and muscle development), cellular transport (e.g. neuronal transport and sodium ion, acid or lipid transport) or metabolic processes (e.g. involving macromolecules, phosphocreatine and tyrosine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computing Research Laboratory, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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21
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Charlet A, Muller AH, Laux A, Kemmel V, Schweitzer A, Deloulme JC, Stuber D, Delalande F, Bianchi E, Van Dorsselaer A, Aunis D, Andrieux A, Poisbeau P, Goumon Y. Abnormal nociception and opiate sensitivity of STOP null mice exhibiting elevated levels of the endogenous alkaloid morphine. Mol Pain 2010; 6:96. [PMID: 21172011 PMCID: PMC3017033 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice deficient for the stable tubule only peptide (STOP) display altered dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with severe behavioural defects including disorganized locomotor activity. Endogenous morphine, which is present in nervous tissues and synthesized from dopamine, may contribute to these behavioral alterations since it is thought to play a role in normal and pathological neurotransmission. RESULTS In this study, we showed that STOP null brain structures, including cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord, contain high endogenous morphine amounts. The presence of elevated levels of morphine was associated with the presence of a higher density of mu opioid receptor with a higher affinity for morphine in STOP null brains. Interestingly, STOP null mice exhibited significantly lower nociceptive thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimulations. They also had abnormal behavioural responses to the administration of exogenous morphine and naloxone. Low dose of morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant mechanical antinociception in STOP null mice whereas it has no effect on wild-type mice. High concentration of naloxone (1 mg/kg) was pronociceptive for both mice strain, a lower concentration (0.1 mg/kg) was found to increase the mean mechanical nociceptive threshold only in the case of STOP null mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data show that STOP null mice displayed elevated levels of endogenous morphine, as well as an increase of morphine receptor affinity and density in brain. This was correlated with hypernociception and impaired pharmacological sensitivity to mu opioid receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Charlet
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67084, France
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Fukata Y, Fukata M. Protein palmitoylation in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010; 11:161-75. [PMID: 20168314 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, a classical and common lipid modification, regulates diverse aspects of neuronal protein trafficking and function. The reversible nature of palmitoylation provides a potential general mechanism for protein shuttling between intracellular compartments. The recent discovery of palmitoylating enzymes--a large DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) protein family--and the development of new proteomic and imaging methods have accelerated palmitoylation analysis. It is becoming clear that individual DHHC enzymes generate and maintain the specialized compartmentalization of substrates in polarized neurons. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms for dynamic protein palmitoylation and the emerging roles of protein palmitoylation in various aspects of pathophysiology, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Richard M, Sacquet J, Jany M, Schweitzer A, Jourdan F, Andrieux A, Pellier-Monnin V. STOP proteins contribute to the maturation of the olfactory system. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 41:120-34. [PMID: 19236915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microtubule dynamics is crucial for axon growth and guidance as well as for the establishment of synaptic connections. STOPs (Stable Tubule Only Polypeptides) are microtubule-associated proteins that regulate microtubule stabilization but are also able to interact with actin or Golgi membranes. Here, we have investigated the involvement of STOPs during the development of the olfactory system. We first describe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of N- and E-STOP, the two neuronal-specific isoforms of STOP. E- and N-STOP are expressed in the axonal compartment of olfactory sensory neurons, but are differentially regulated during development. Interestingly, each neuronal isoform displays a specific gradient distribution within the olfactory nerve layer. Then, we have examined the development of the olfactory system in the absence of STOPs. Olfactory axons display a normal outgrowth and targeting in STOP-null mice, but maturation of the synapses in the glomerular neuropil is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Richard
- Laboratoire Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement, Cognition, CNRS-UMR 5020, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1, F-69366, France.
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Hanaya R, Koning E, Ferrandon A, Schweitzer A, Andrieux A, Nehlig A. Deletion of the STOP gene, a microtubule stabilizing factor, leads only to discrete cerebral metabolic changes in mice. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:813-20. [PMID: 17969102 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In mice, deletion of the STOP protein leads to subtle anatomic changes and induces depleted synaptic vesicle pools, impaired synaptic plasticity, hyperdopaminergy, and major behavioral disorders alleviated by neuroleptics, hence leading to a schizophrenic-like phenotype. In this study, we applied the quantitative autoradiographic [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose technique to study to what extent the basal rate of cerebral glucose utilization in STOP-knockout (STOP-KO) mice occurs in regions where metabolic changes have been reported in schizophrenic patients. Studies were performed on wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous STOP-KO mice (7-8 per group). Mice were implanted with femoral artery and vein catheters, and cerebral glucose utilization was quantified over 45 min. Compared with that in wild-type mice, glucose utilization in STOP-KO mice was significantly increased in the olfactory cortex, ventromedial and anterolateral hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra pars compacta. Nonsignificant increases, ranging between 9% and 19%, were recorded in the whole auditory system, CA1 pyramidal cell layer, and dorsal raphe. Glucose utilization was also significantly increased in heterozygous mice compared with that in wild-type mice in olfactory cortex. These data might reflect hyperdopaminergic activity, olfactory deficits, and sleep disturbances in STOP-KO mice that have also been reported in schizophrenic patients.
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