1
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Lin H, Kobayashi M, Kushiro K, Yanagie H, Shimazoe K, Takahashi H. In-vivo correlations of fluorescent or radioisotope glucose-analogs in imaging cancer metabolism. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:287-294. [PMID: 38247556 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of different tracer modifications on the imaging of cancer metabolism, focusing on the comparison of fluorescent glucose-analog tracers (2-NBDG and 2-DG-750) and the radiolabeled tracer 18F-FDG in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings. METHODS We conducted an in-vitro comparative study using four cancer cell lines, each with unique glucose uptake characteristics. The study involved direct comparison of three tracers: 2-NBDG, 2-DG-750 and 18F-FDG, examining their internalization behaviors, metabolic functionality and localization effects in cancer metabolism imaging. RESULTS The study revealed that each tracer exhibits distinct internalization behaviors correlated with imaging label size and type. 18F-FDG showed the highest uptake efficiency. Fluorescent molecules were found to accumulate in tumors primarily due to hydrophobic interactions and possible aggregation, indicating inefficiency in metabolism and suitability for imaging metabolic phenomena when compared to radiolabeled biomolecules. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that despite certain impracticalities, nuclear imaging, particularly using radiolabeled biomolecules like 18F-FDG, offers significant potential for accurately capturing biological phenomena. This is crucial for future advancements in both clinical and research settings. The study emphasizes the limitations of fluorescent molecules in imaging metabolic activities due to their inefficient metabolism and aggregation tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Lin
- Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Management and
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Shimazoe
- Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Management and
- Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Management and
- Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Okamoto M, Yamaguchi S, Sawaya R, Echizenya S, Ishi Y, Kaneko S, Motegi H, Toyonaga T, Hirata K, Fujimura M. Identifying G6PC3 as a Potential Key Molecule in Hypoxic Glucose Metabolism of Glioblastoma Derived from the Depiction of 18F-Fluoromisonidazole and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:2973407. [PMID: 38449509 PMCID: PMC10917478 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2973407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its distinctive intratumoral hypoxia. Sequential preoperative examinations using fluorine-18-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) could depict the degree of glucose metabolism with hypoxic condition. However, molecular mechanism of glucose metabolism under hypoxia in glioblastoma has been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the key molecules of hypoxic glucose metabolism. Methods Using surgically obtained specimens, gene expressions associated with glucose metabolism were analyzed in patients with glioblastoma (n = 33) who underwent preoperative 18F-FMISO and 18F-FDG PET to identify affected molecules according to hypoxic condition. Tumor in vivo metabolic activities were semiquantitatively evaluated by lesion-normal tissue ratio (LNR). Protein expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. To evaluate prognostic value, relationship between gene expression and overall survival was explored in another independent nonoverlapping clinical cohort (n = 17) and validated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 167). Results Among the genes involving glucose metabolic pathway, mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphatase 3 (G6PC3) correlated with 18F-FDG LNR (P = 0.03). In addition, G6PC3 mRNA expression in 18F-FMISO high-accumulated glioblastomas was significantly higher than that in 18F-FMISO low-accumulated glioblastomas (P < 0.01). Protein expression of G6PC3 was consistent with mRNA expression, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. These findings indicated that the G6PC3 expression might be facilitated by hypoxic condition in glioblastomas. Next, we investigated the clinical relevance of G6PC3 in terms of prognosis. Among the glioblastoma patients who received gross total resection, mRNA expressions of G6PC3 in the patients with poor prognosis (less than 1-year survival) were significantly higher than that in the patients who survive more than 3 years. Moreover, high mRNA expression of G6PC3 was associated with poor overall survival in glioblastoma, as validated by TCGA database. Conclusion G6PC3 was affluently expressed in glioblastoma tissues with coincidentally high 18F-FDG and 18F-FMISO accumulation. Further, it might work as a prognostic biomarker of glioblastoma. Therefore, G6PC3 is a potential key molecule of glucose metabolism under hypoxia in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Okamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sawaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sumire Echizenya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukitomo Ishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motegi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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3
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Marini C, Cossu V, Lanfranchi F, Carta S, Vitale F, D'Amico F, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Donegani MI, Chiola S, Raffa S, Sofia L, Di Raimondo T, Ballerini F, Ghiggi C, Durando P, Ravera S, Riondato M, Orengo AM, Bruno S, Chiesa S, Sambuceti G. Divergent Oxidative Stress in Normal Tissues and Inflammatory Cells in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3533. [PMID: 37444643 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum redox stress in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) of treatment-naïve Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. Here, we assessed whether this response also applies to non-HL (NHL) patients, and whether the oxidative damage is a selective feature of PBMCs or, rather, also affects tissues not directly involved in the inflammatory response. METHODS Isolated PBMCs of 28 HL, 9 diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 8 less aggressive-NHL, and 45 controls underwent flow cytometry to evaluate redox stress and uptake of the glucose analogue 2-NBDG. This analysis was complemented with the assay of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzymatic activity of glucose-6P-dehydrogenase and hexose-6P-dehydrogenase (H6PD). In all lymphoma patients, 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose uptake was estimated in the myocardium and skeletal muscles. RESULTS Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and MDA levels were increased only in HL patients as well as H6PD activity and 2-NBDG uptake. Similarly, myocardial FDG retention was higher in HL than in other groups as opposed to a similar tracer uptake in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Redox stress of PBMCs is more pronounced in HL with respect to both NHL groups. This phenomenon is coherent with an increased activity of H6PD that also extends to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), 20054 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Carta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca D'Amico
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Chiola
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Sofia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tania Di Raimondo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ballerini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghiggi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Bruno
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiesa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Fundamental Role of Pentose Phosphate Pathway within the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Glutamine Addiction of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010043. [PMID: 36670904 PMCID: PMC9854646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer utilization of large glutamine equivalents contributes to diverging glucose-6-P flux toward the pentose phosphate shunt (PPP) to feed the building blocks and the antioxidant responses of rapidly proliferating cells. In addition to the well-acknowledged cytosolic pathway, cancer cells also run a largely independent PPP, triggered by hexose-6P-dehydrogenase within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whose activity is mandatory for the integrity of ER-mitochondria networking. To verify whether this reticular metabolism is dependent on glutamine levels, we complemented the metabolomic characterization of intermediates of the glucose metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle with the estimation of proliferating activity, energy metabolism, redox damage, and mitochondrial function in two breast cancer cell lines. ER-PPP activity and its determinants were estimated by the ER accumulation of glucose analogs. Glutamine shortage decreased the proliferation rate despite increased ATP and NADH levels. It depleted NADPH reductive power and increased malondialdehyde content despite a marked increase in glucose-6P-dehydrogenase. This paradox was explained by the deceleration of ER-PPP favored by the decrease in hexose-6P-dehydrogenase expression coupled with the opposite response of its competitor enzyme glucose-6P-phosphatase. The decreased ER-PPP activity eventually hampered mitochondrial function and calcium exchanges. These data configure the ER-PPP as a powerful, unrecognized regulator of cancer cell metabolism and proliferation.
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5
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Salem K, Reese RM, Alarid ET, Fowler AM. Progesterone Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Cellular Glucose and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Breast Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2022; 7:bvac186. [PMID: 36601022 PMCID: PMC9795483 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Positron emission tomography imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) is used clinically for initial staging, restaging, and assessing therapy response in breast cancer. Tumor FDG uptake in steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and physiologic FDG uptake in normal breast tissue can be affected by hormonal factors such as menstrual cycle phase, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the progesterone receptor (PR) in regulating glucose and FDG uptake in breast cancer cells. Methods and Results PR-positive T47D breast cancer cells treated with PR agonists had increased FDG uptake compared with ethanol control. There was no significant change in FDG uptake in response to PR agonists in PR-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, or T47D PR knockout cells. Treatment of T47D cells with PR antagonists inhibited the effect of R5020 on FDG uptake. Using T47D cell lines that only express either the PR-A or the PR-B isoform, PR agonists increased FDG uptake in both cell types. Experiments using actinomycin D and cycloheximide demonstrated the requirement for both transcription and translation in PR regulation of FDG uptake. GLUT1 and PFKFB3 mRNA expression and the enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were increased after progestin treatment of T47D cells. Conclusion Thus, progesterone and progestins increase FDG uptake in T47D breast cancer cells through the classical action of PR as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Ligand-activated PR ultimately increases expression and activity of proteins involved in glucose uptake, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Salem
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reese
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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6
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Kaunitz JD, Mandelkern M, Fowler JS. It's Not What You Take Up, It's What You Keep: How Discoveries from Diverse Disciplines Directed the Development of the FDG PET/CT Scan. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4620-4632. [PMID: 35908123 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although imaging glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography combined with X-ray CT (FDG-PET/CT) has become a standard diagnostic modality for the discovery and surveillance of malignant tumors and inflammatory processes, its origins extend back to more than a century of notable discoveries in the fields of inorganic and organic chemistry, nuclear physics, mathematics, biochemistry, solute transport physiology, metabolism, and imaging, accomplished by pioneering and driven investigators, of whom at least ten were recipients of the Nobel Prize. These tangled and diverse roots eventually coalesced into the FDG-PET/CT method, that through its many favorable characteristics inherent in the isotope used (18F), the accurate imaging derived from coincidence detection of positron annihilation radiation combined with computed tomography, and the metabolic trapping of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) in tissues, provides safety, sensitivity, and specificity for tumor and inflammation detection. The authors hope that this article will increase the appreciation among its readers of the insight, creativity, persistence, and drive of the many investigators who made this technique possible. This article is followed by a review of the many applications of FDG-PET/CT to the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system (Mandelkern in Dig Dis Sci 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kaunitz
- Medical Service, Greater Los Angeles VAMC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mark Mandelkern
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Greater Los Angeles VAMC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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7
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Mitochondrial Generated Redox Stress Differently Affects the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Circulating Lymphocytes and Monocytes in Treatment-Naïve Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040762. [PMID: 35453447 PMCID: PMC9024578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The redox stress caused by Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) also involves the peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) even before chemotherapy. Here, we tested whether lymphocytes and monocytes show a different response to the increased mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods. PBMCs, isolated from the blood of treatment-naïve HL patients and control subjects, underwent assessment of malondialdehyde content and enzymatic activity of both hexose- and glucose-6P dehydrogenase (H6PD and G6PD) as well as flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial ROS content. These data were complemented by evaluating the uptake of the fluorescent glucose analogue 2-NBDG that is selectively stored within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Results. Malondialdehyde content was increased in the whole population of HL PBMCs. The oxidative damage matched an increased activity of G6PD, and even more of H6PD, that trigger the cytosolic and ER pentose phosphate pathways, respectively. At flow cytometry, the number of recovered viable cells was selectively decreased in HL lymphocytes that also showed a more pronounced increase in mitochondrial ROS generation and 2-NBDG uptake, with respect to monocytes. Conclusions. PBMCs of HL patients display a selective mitochondrial and ER redox stress most evident in lymphocytes already before the exposure to chemotherapy toxicity.
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8
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Iseda N, Itoh S, Yoshizumi T, Tomiyama T, Morinaga A, Yugawa K, Shimokawa M, Shimagaki T, Wang H, Kurihara T, Kitamura Y, Nagao Y, Toshima T, Harada N, Kohashi K, Baba S, Ishigami K, Oda Y, Mori M. Impact of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Cancer Metabolism and Immune Status. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:665-678. [PMID: 34687175 PMCID: PMC8948647 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (P‐NRF2) expression in surgically resected primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigated the association of P‐NRF2 expression with clinicopathological features and patient outcome. We also evaluated the relationship among NRF2, cancer metabolism, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical staining of P‐NRF2 was performed on the samples of 335 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC. Tomography/computed tomography using fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose was performed, and HCC cell lines after NRF2 knockdown were analyzed by array. We also analyzed the expression of PD‐L1 after hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) knockdown in NRF2‐overexpressing HCC cell lines. Samples from 121 patients (36.1%) were positive for P‐NRF2. Positive P‐NRF2 expression was significantly associated with high alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) expression, a high rate of poor differentiation, and microscopic intrahepatic metastasis. In addition, positive P‐NRF2 expression was an independent predictor for recurrence‐free survival and overall survival. NRF2 regulated glucose transporter 1, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase isoenzymes L/R, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 expression and was related to the maximum standardized uptake value. PD‐L1 protein expression levels were increased through hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α after NRF2 overexpression in HCC cells. Conclusions: Our large cohort study revealed that P‐NRF2 expression in cancer cells was associated with clinical outcome in HCC. Additionally, we found that NRF2 was located upstream of cancer metabolism and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Iseda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomiyama
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinari Morinaga
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yugawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimokawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo medical and dental university, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shimagaki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Huanlin Wang
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Baba
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Marini C, Cossu V, Kumar M, Milanese M, Cortese K, Bruno S, Bellese G, Carta S, Zerbo RA, Torazza C, Bauckneht M, Venturi C, Raffa S, Orengo AM, Donegani MI, Chiola S, Ravera S, Castellani P, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Bonanno G. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Differential Endurance against Redox Stress in Cortical and Spinal Astrocytes from the Newborn SOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091392. [PMID: 34573024 PMCID: PMC8472526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported that the uptake of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is increased in the spinal cord (SC) and decreased in the motor cortex (MC) of patients with ALS, suggesting that the disease might differently affect the two nervous districts with different time sequence or with different mechanisms. Here we show that MC and SC astrocytes harvested from newborn B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur mice could play different roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Spectrophotometric and cytofluorimetric analyses showed an increase in redox stress, a decrease in antioxidant capacity and a relative mitochondria respiratory uncoupling in MC SOD1G93A astrocytes. By contrast, SC mutated cells showed a higher endurance against oxidative damage, through the increase in antioxidant defense, and a preserved respiratory function. FDG uptake reproduced the metabolic response observed in ALS patients: SOD1G93A mutation caused a selective enhancement in tracer retention only in mutated SC astrocytes, matching the activity of the reticular pentose phosphate pathway and, thus, of hexose-6P dehydrogenase. Finally, both MC and SC mutated astrocytes were characterized by an impressive ultrastructural enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and impairment in ER–mitochondria networking, more evident in mutated MC than in SC cells. Thus, SOD1G93A mutation differently impaired MC and SC astrocyte biology in a very early stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.C.); (S.R.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.K.); (M.M.); (R.A.Z.); (C.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.K.); (M.M.); (R.A.Z.); (C.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (K.C.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (K.C.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Grazia Bellese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (K.C.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sonia Carta
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Roberta Arianna Zerbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.K.); (M.M.); (R.A.Z.); (C.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.K.); (M.M.); (R.A.Z.); (C.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Consuelo Venturi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (K.C.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Raffa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.C.); (S.R.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Isabella Donegani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.C.); (S.R.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Silvia Chiola
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (K.C.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (C.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Patrizia Castellani
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.C.); (S.R.); (M.I.D.)
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.C.); (S.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (M.K.); (M.M.); (R.A.Z.); (C.T.); (G.B.)
- Pharmacology and Toxycology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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10
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Karlstaedt A, Barrett M, Hu R, Gammons ST, Ky B. Cardio-Oncology: Understanding the Intersections Between Cardiac Metabolism and Cancer Biology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:705-718. [PMID: 34466757 PMCID: PMC8385559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An important priority in the cardiovascular care of oncology patients is to reduce morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life in cancer survivors through cross-disciplinary efforts. The rate of survival in cancer patients has improved dramatically over the past decades. Nonetheless, survivors may be more likely to die from cardiovascular disease in the long term, secondary, not only to the potential toxicity of cancer therapeutics, but also to the biology of cancer. In this context, efforts from basic and translational studies are crucial to understanding the molecular mechanisms causal to cardiovascular disease in cancer patients and survivors, and identifying new therapeutic targets that may prevent and treat both diseases. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the metabolic interaction between cancer and the heart, including potential therapeutic targets. An overview of imaging techniques that can support both research studies and clinical management is also provided. Finally, this review highlights opportunities and challenges that are necessary to advance our understanding of metabolism in the context of cardio-oncology.
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Key Words
- 99mTc-MIBI, 99mtechnetium-sestamibi
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- D2-HG, D-2-hydroxyglutarate
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- GLS, glutaminase
- HF, heart failure
- IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PI3K, insulin-activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- PTM, post-translational modification
- SGLT2, sodium glucose co-transporter 2
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- [18F]FDG, 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose
- cancer
- cardio-oncology
- heart failure
- metabolism
- oncometabolism
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ray Hu
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seth Thomas Gammons
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bonnie Ky
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Sambuceti G, Cossu V, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Orengo A, Carta S, Ravera S, Bruno S, Marini C. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake. What are we looking at? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1278-1286. [PMID: 33864142 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - AnnaMaria Orengo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Carta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy
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12
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Bauckneht M, Cossu V, Castellani P, Piccioli P, Orengo AM, Emionite L, Di Giulio F, Donegani MI, Miceli A, Raffa S, Borra A, Capitanio S, Morbelli S, Caviglia G, Bruno S, Ravera S, Maggi D, Sambuceti G, Marini C. FDG uptake tracks the oxidative damage in diabetic skeletal muscle: An experimental study. Mol Metab 2019; 31:98-108. [PMID: 31918925 PMCID: PMC6920267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to verify the relationship between glucose consumption and uptake of 18F-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) in the skeletal muscle (SM) of experimental models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM). METHODS The study included 36 Balb/c mice. Two weeks after intraperitoneal administration of saline (control group, n = 18) or 150 mg streptozotocin (STZ-DM group, n = 18), the two cohorts were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test and were further subdivided into three groups (n = 6 each): untreated and treated with metformin (MTF) at low or high doses (10 or 750 mg/kg daily, respectively). Two weeks thereafter, all mice were submitted to dynamic micro-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after prolonged fasting. After sacrifice, enzymatic pathways and response to oxidative stress were evaluated in harvested SM. RESULTS On PET imaging, the FDG uptake rate in hindlimb SM was significantly lower in nondiabetic mice as compared with STZ-DM-untreated mice. MTF had no significant effect on SM FDG uptake in untreated mice; however, its high dose induced a significant decrease in STZ-DM animals. Upon conventional analysis, the SM standard uptake value was higher in STZ-DM mice, while MTF was virtually ineffective in either control or STZ-DM models. This metabolic reprogramming was not explained by any change in cytosolic glucose metabolism. By contrast, it closely agreed with the catalytic function of hexose-6P-dehydrogenase (H6PD; i.e., the trigger of a specific pentose phosphate pathway selectively located within the endoplasmic reticulum). In agreement with this role, the H6PD enzymatic response to both STZ-DM and MTF matched the activation of the NADPH-dependent antioxidant responses to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Ex vivo analysis of tracer kinetics confirmed that the enhanced SM avidity for FDG occurred despite a significant reduction in glucose consumption, while it was associated with increased radioactivity transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS These data challenge the current dogma linking FDG uptake to the glycolytic rate. They instead introduce a new model considering a strict link between the uptake of this glucose analog, H6PD reticular activity, and oxidative damage in diabetes, at least under fasting condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Castellani
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Piccioli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giulio
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Miceli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Borra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Selene Capitanio
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caviglia
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Len Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Maggi
- Diabetes Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 35, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
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13
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Sarikaya I, Sarikaya A, Sharma P. Assessing the Effect of Various Blood Glucose Levels on 18F-FDG Activity in the Brain, Liver, and Blood Pool. J Nucl Med Technol 2019; 47:313-318. [PMID: 31182660 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.119.226969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have extensively analyzed the effect of hyperglycemia on 18F-FDG uptake in normal tissues and tumors. In this study, we measured SUV in the brain, liver, and blood pool in normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia to understand the effect of blood glucose on 18F-FDG uptake and to develop a formula to correct SUV. Methods: Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT images of adults were selected for analysis. Brain SUVmax, blood-pool SUVmean, and liver SUVmean were measured at blood glucose ranges of 61-70, 71-80, 81-90, 91-100, 101-110, 111-120, 121-130, 131-140, 141-150, 151-160, 161-170, 171-180, 181-190, 191-200, and 201 mg/dL and above. At each blood glucose range, 10 PET images were analyzed (total, 150). The mean (±SD) SUV of the brain, liver, and blood pool at each blood glucose range was calculated, and blood glucose and SUV curves were generated. Because brain and tumors show a high expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3, we generated an SUV correction formula based on percentage reduction in brain SUVmax with increasing blood glucose level. Results: Mean brain SUVmax gradually decreased with increasing blood glucose level, starting after a level of 110 mg/dL. The approximate percentage reduction in brain SUVmax was 20%, 35%, 50%, 60%, and 65% at blood glucose ranges of 111-120, 121-140, 141-160, 161-200, and 201 mg/dL and above, respectively. In the formula we generated, measured SUVmax is multiplied by a reduction factor of 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 2.8 for the blood glucose ranges of 111-120, 121-140, 141-160, 161-200, and 201 mg/dL and above, respectively, to correct SUV. Brain SUVmax did not differ between hypoglycemic and normoglycemic patients (P > 0.05). SUVmean in the blood pool and liver was lower in hypoglycemic patients (P < 0.05) and did not differ between hyperglycemic (P > 0.05) and normoglycemic patients. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia gradually reduces brain 18F-FDG uptake, starting after a blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL. Hyperglycemia does not affect 18F-FDG activity in the liver or blood pool. Hypoglycemia does not seem to affect brain 18F-FDG uptake but appears to reduce liver and blood-pool activity. The simple formula we generated can be used to correct SUV in hyperglycemic adults in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Sarikaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ali Sarikaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey; and
| | - Prem Sharma
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Biostatistics Unit, Al Kuwayt, Kuwait
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14
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G6Pase location in the endoplasmic reticulum: Implications on compartmental analysis of FDG uptake in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2794. [PMID: 30808900 PMCID: PMC6391477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The favourable kinetics of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) permits to depict cancer glucose consumption by a single evaluation of late tracer uptake. This standard procedure relies on the slow radioactivity loss, usually attributed to the limited tumour expression of G6P-phosphatase (G6Pase). However, this classical interpretation intrinsically represents an approximation since, as in all tissues, cancer G6Pase activity is remarkable and is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whose lumen must be reached by phosphorylated FDG to explain its hydrolysis and radioactivity release. The present study tested the impact of G6Pase sequestration on the mathematical description of FDG trafficking and handling in cultured cancer cells. Our data show that accounting for tracer access to the ER configures this compartment as the preferential site of FDG accumulation. This is confirmed by the reticular localization of fluorescent FDG analogues. Remarkably enough, reticular accumulation rate of FDG is dependent upon extracellular glucose availability, thus configuring the same ER as a significant determinant of cancer glucose metabolism.
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15
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Cossu V, Marini C, Piccioli P, Rocchi A, Bruno S, Orengo AM, Emionite L, Bauckneht M, Grillo F, Capitanio S, Balza E, Yosifov N, Castellani P, Caviglia G, Panfoli I, Morbelli S, Ravera S, Benfenati F, Sambuceti G. Obligatory role of endoplasmic reticulum in brain FDG uptake. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1184-1196. [PMID: 30617965 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains hexose-6P-dehydrogenase (H6PD). This enzyme competes with glucose-6P-phosphatase for processing a variety of phosphorylated hexoses including 2DG-6P. The present study aimed to verify whether this ER glucose-processing machinery contributes to brain FDG uptake. METHODS Effect of the H6PD inhibitor metformin on brain 18F-FDG accumulation was studied, in vivo, by microPET imaging. These data were complemented with the in vitro estimation of the lumped constant (LC). Finally, reticular accumulation of the fluorescent 2DG analogue 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2NBDG) and its response to metformin was studied by confocal microscopy in cultured neurons and astrocytes. RESULTS Metformin halved brain 18F-FDG accumulation without altering whole body tracer clearance. Ex vivo, this same response faced the doubling of both glucose consumption and lactate release. The consequent fall in LC was not explained by any change in expression or activity of its theoretical determinants (GLUTs, hexokinases, glucose-6P-phosphatase), while it agreed with the drug-induced inhibition of H6PD function. In vitro, 2NBDG accumulation selectively involved the ER lumen and correlated with H6PD activity being higher in neurons than in astrocytes, despite a lower glucose consumption. CONCLUSIONS The activity of the reticular enzyme H6PD profoundly contributes to brain 18F-FDG uptake. These data challenge the current dogma linking 2DG/FDG uptake to the glycolytic rate and introduce a new model to explain the link between 18-FDG uptake and neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cossu
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Piccioli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Selene Capitanio
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrica Balza
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nikola Yosifov
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Caviglia
- Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy.
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16
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Dong Y, Eskandari R, Ray C, Granlund KL, Santos-Cunha LD, Miloushev VZ, Tee SS, Jeong S, Aras O, Chen YB, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ, Keshari KR. Hyperpolarized MRI Visualizes Warburg Effects and Predicts Treatment Response to mTOR Inhibitors in Patient-Derived ccRCC Xenograft Models. Cancer Res 2018; 79:242-250. [PMID: 30459151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-changing tumor microenvironment constantly challenges individual cancer cells to balance supply and demand, presenting tumor vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities. Everolimus and temsirolimus are inhibitors of mTOR (mTORi) approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, treatment outcome varies greatly among patients. Accordingly, administration of mTORi in mRCC is diminishing, which could potentially result in missing timely delivery of effective treatment for select patients. Here, we implemented a clinically applicable, integrated platform encompassing a single dose of [1-13C] pyruvate to visualize the in vivo effect of mTORi on the conversion of pyruvate to lactate using hyperpolarized MRI. A striking difference that predicts treatment benefit was demonstrated using two preclinical models derived from patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who exhibited primary resistance to VEGFRi and quickly succumbed to their diseases within 6 months after the diagnosis of metastasis without receiving mTORi. Our findings suggest that hyperpolarized MRI could be further developed to personalize kidney cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI as a tool for accurately assessing the clinical success of mTOR inhibition in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chelsea Ray
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lidia Dos Santos-Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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17
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Liao X, Wei J, Li Y, Zhong J, Liu Z, Liao S, Li Q, Wei C. 18F-FDG PET with or without CT in the diagnosis of extrahepatic metastases or local residual/recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11970. [PMID: 30142825 PMCID: PMC6112887 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to meta-analyze the literature on the diagnostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with or without computed tomography (CT) in detecting extrahepatic metastases or local residual/recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Systematic review of literature in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted in March 2017, and relevant studies analyzing the diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET with or without CT were meta-analyzed.Meta-analysis was carried out on data from 11 studies involving 572 patients. F-FDG PET, with or without CT, showed pooled sensitivity of 64% and pooled specificity of 95%. Pooled sensitivity was similar with CT (74%) or without (52%; P = .279). Similarly, pooled specificity was comparable with CT (93%) or without 95% (P = .481).F-FDG PET, with or without CT, shows relatively low sensitivity but high specificity for diagnosing extrahepatic metastases or local residual/recurrent HCC. Adding CT to F-FDG PET may improve diagnostic performance, but the available evidence suggests that the improvement is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Li
- Department of First Chemotherapy
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Low expression of hexokinase-2 is associated with false-negative FDG-positron emission tomography in multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 130:30-34. [PMID: 28432222 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-03-774422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with background signal suppression (DWIBS) are 2 powerful functional imaging modalities in the evaluation of malignant plasma cell (PC) disease multiple myeloma (MM). Preliminary observations have suggested that MM patients with extensive disease according to DWIBS may be reported as being disease-free on FDG-PET ("PET false-negative"). The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of PET false-negativity in a representative set of 227 newly diagnosed MM patients with simultaneous assessment of FDG-PET and DWIBS, and to identify tumor-intrinsic features associated with this pattern. We found the incidence of PET false-negativity to be 11%. Neither tumor load-associated parameters, such as degree of bone marrow PC infiltration, nor the PC proliferation rate were associated with this subset. However, the gene coding for hexokinase-2, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, was significantly lower expressed in PET false-negative cases (5.3-fold change, P < .001) which provides a mechanistic explanation for this feature. In conclusion, we demonstrate a relevant number of patients with FDG-PET false-negative MM and a strong association between hexokinase-2 expression and this negativity: a finding which may also be relevant for clinical imaging of other hematological cancers.
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Tan RP, Lee BS, Chan AH, Yuen SCG, Hung J, Wise SG, Ng MK. Non-invasive tracking of injected bone marrow mononuclear cells to injury and implanted biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:378-388. [PMID: 28167301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds enhancing the engraftment of transplanted bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) have enormous potential for tissue regeneration applications. However, development of appropriate materials is challenging given the precise microenvironments required to support BM-MNC engraftment and function. In this study, we have developed a non-invasive, real-time tracking model of injected BM-MNC engraftment to wounds and implanted biomaterial scaffolds. BM-MNCs, encoded with firefly luciferase and enhanced GFP reporter genes, were tail vein injected into subcutaneously wounded mice. Luciferase-dependent cell bioluminescence curves revealed our injected BM-MNCs homed to and engrafted within subcutaneous wound sites over the course of 21days. Further immunohistochemical characterization showed that these engrafted cells drove functional changes by increasing the number of immune cells present at early time points and remodelling cell phenotypes at later time points. Using this model, we subcutaneously implanted electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/Collagen scaffolds, to determine differences in exogenous BM-MNC response to these materials. Following BM-MNC injection, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high exogenous BM-MNC density around the periphery of PCL scaffolds consistent with a classical foreign body response. In contrast, transplanted BM-MNCs engrafted throughout PCL/Collagen scaffolds indicating an improved biological response. Importantly, these differences were closely correlated with the real-time bioluminescence curves, with PCL/Collagen scaffolds exhibiting a∼2-fold increase in maximum bioluminescence compared with PCL scaffolds. Collectively, these results demonstrate a new longitudinal cell tracking model that can non-invasively determine transplanted BM-MNC homing and engraftment to biomaterials, providing a valuable tool to inform the design scaffolds that help augment current BM-MNC tissue engineering strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tracking the dynamic behaviour of transplanted bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) is a long-standing research goal. Conventional methods involving contrast and tracer agents interfere with cellular function while also yielding false signals. The use of bioluminescence addresses these shortcomings while allowing for real-time non-invasive tracking in vivo. Given the failures of transplanted BM-MNCs to engraft into injured tissue, biomaterial scaffolds capable of attracting and enhancing BM-MNC engraftment at sites of injury are highly sought in numerous tissue engineering applications. To this end, the results from this study demonstrate a new longitudinal tracking model that can non-invasively determine exogenous BM-MNC homing and engraftment to biomaterials, providing a valuable tool to inform the design of scaffolds with implications for countless tissue engineering applications.
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Matsusaka Y, Nakahara T, Takahashi K, Iwabuchi Y, Nishime C, Kajimura M, Jinzaki M. 18F-FDG-labeled red blood cell PET for blood-pool imaging: preclinical evaluation in rats. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28244021 PMCID: PMC5328895 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Red blood cells (RBCs) labeled with single-photon emitters have been clinically used for blood-pool imaging. Although some PET tracers have been introduced for blood-pool imaging, they have not yet been widely used. The present study investigated the feasibility of labeling RBCs with 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) for blood-pool imaging with PET. RBCs isolated from venous blood of rats were washed with glucose-free phosphate-buffered saline and labeled with 18F-FDG. To optimize labeling efficiency, the effects of glucose deprivation time and incubation (labeling) time with 18F-FDG were investigated. Post-labeling stability was assessed by calculating the release fraction of radioactivity and identifying the chemical forms of 18F in the released and intracellular components of 18F-FDG-labeled RBCs incubated in plasma. Just after intravenous injection of the optimized autologous 18F-FDG-labeled RBCs, dynamic PET scans were performed to evaluate in vivo imaging in normal rats and intraabdominal bleeding models (temporary and persistent bleeding). Results The optimal durations of glucose deprivation and incubation (labeling) with 18F-FDG were 60 and 30 min, respectively. As low as 10% of 18F was released as the form of 18F-FDG from 18F-FDG-labeled RBCs after a 60-min incubation. Dynamic PET images of normal rats showed strong persistence in the cardiovascular system for at least 120 min. In the intraabdominal bleeding models, 18F-FDG-labeled RBC PET visualized the extravascular blood clearly and revealed the dynamic changes of the extravascular radioactivity in the temporary and persistent bleeding. Conclusions RBCs can be effectively labeled with 18F-FDG and used for blood-pool imaging with PET in rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-017-0266-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohji Matsusaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tadaki Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Iwabuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Nishime
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Petriev VM, Tishchenko VK, Krasikova RN. 18F-FDG and Other Labeled Glucose Derivatives for Use in Radionuclide Diagnosis of Oncological Diseases (Review). Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Characterization of the role of sphingomyelin synthase 2 in glucose metabolism in whole-body and peripheral tissues in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:688-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim MH, Lee KC, An GI, Woo SK, Park NW, Kim BI, Eom KD, Kim KI, Lee TS, Kim CW, Yoo J, Kang JH, Lee YJ. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells in rat myocardial infarction model using hexadecyl-4-[ 124 I]iodobenzoate for cell tracking. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 108:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Collantes M, Serrano-Mendioroz I, Benito M, Molinet-Dronda F, Delgado M, Vinaixa M, Sampedro A, Enríquez de Salamanca R, Prieto E, Pozo MA, Peñuelas I, Corrales FJ, Barajas M, Fontanellas A. Glucose metabolism during fasting is altered in experimental porphobilinogen deaminase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1318-27. [PMID: 26908609 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) haploinsufficiency (acute intermittent porphyria, AIP) is characterized by neurovisceral attacks when hepatic heme synthesis is activated by endogenous or environmental factors including fasting. While the molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritional regulation of hepatic heme synthesis have been described, glucose homeostasis during fasting is poorly understood in porphyria. Our study aimed to analyse glucose homeostasis and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism during fasting in PBGD-deficient mice. To determine the contribution of hepatic PBGD deficiency to carbohydrate metabolism, AIP mice injected with a PBGD-liver gene delivery vector were included. After a 14 h fasting period, serum and liver metabolomics analyses showed that wild-type mice stimulated hepatic glycogen degradation to maintain glucose homeostasis while AIP livers activated gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis due to their inability to use stored glycogen. The serum of fasted AIP mice showed increased concentrations of insulin and reduced glucagon levels. Specific over-expression of the PBGD protein in the liver tended to normalize circulating insulin and glucagon levels, stimulated hepatic glycogen catabolism and blocked ketone body production. Reduced glucose uptake was observed in the primary somatosensorial brain cortex of fasted AIP mice, which could be reversed by PBGD-liver gene delivery. In conclusion, AIP mice showed a different response to fasting as measured by altered carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and modified glucose consumption in the brain cortex. Glucose homeostasis in fasted AIP mice was efficiently normalized after restoration of PBGD gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Collantes
- MicroPET Research Unit, CIMA-CUN, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Nuclear Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (idiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Marina Benito
- Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Molinet-Dronda
- MicroPET Research Unit, CIMA-CUN, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Movement Disorders Lab, Neuroscience Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Delgado
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vinaixa
- CIBERDEM-IISSPV-Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Universitat 3, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Ana Sampedro
- Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Prieto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (idiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pozo
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- MicroPET Research Unit, CIMA-CUN, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Nuclear Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (idiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (idiSNA), Pamplona, Spain, Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, CIMA, University of Navarra, PRB2-ProteoRed-ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain, CIBERehd, University Clinic Navarra, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain and
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Health Science Department, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Fontanellas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (idiSNA), Pamplona, Spain, Hepatology Area, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, CIBERehd, University Clinic Navarra, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain and
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Wangerin KA, Muzi M, Peterson LM, Linden HM, Novakova A, O'Sullivan F, Kurland BF, Mankoff DA, Kinahan PE. Effect of 18F-FDG uptake time on lesion detectability in PET imaging of early stage breast cancer. Tomography 2015; 1:53-60. [PMID: 26807443 PMCID: PMC4721230 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior reports have suggested that delayed FDG-PET oncology imaging can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for known lesions. Our goal was to estimate realistic bounds for lesion detectability for static measurements with one to four hours between FDG injection and image acquisition. Tumor and normal tissue kinetic model parameters were estimated from dynamic PET studies of patients with early stage breast cancer. These were used to generate time-activity curves (TACs) out to four hours, for which we assumed both nonreversible and reversible models with different rates of FDG dephosphorylation (k4). For each pair of tumor and normal tissue TACs, 600 PET sinogram realizations were generated, and images were reconstructed using OSEM. Test statistics for each tumor and normal tissue region of interest were output from the computer model observers and evaluated using an ROC analysis with the calculated AUC providing a measure of lesion detectability. For the nonreversible model (k4 = 0), the AUC increased in 11/23 (48%) of patients for one to two hours after the current standard post-radiotracer injection imaging window of one hour. This improvement was driven by increased tumor/normal tissue contrast before the impact of increased noise due to radiotracer decay began to dominate the imaging signal. As k4 was increased from 0 to 0.01 min-1, the time of maximum detectability shifted earlier, as the decreasing FDG concentration in the tumor lowered the CNR. These results imply that delayed PET imaging may reveal low-conspicuity lesions that would have otherwise gone undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Wangerin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark Muzi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lanell M Peterson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hannah M Linden
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Brenda F Kurland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul E Kinahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Türkcan S, Nguyen J, Vilalta M, Shen B, Chin FT, Pratx G, Abbyad P. Single-Cell Analysis of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake by Droplet Radiofluidics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6667-73. [PMID: 26035453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabels can be used to detect small biomolecules with high sensitivity and specificity without interfering with the biochemical activity of the labeled molecule. For instance, the radiolabeled glucose analogue, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), is routinely used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans for cancer diagnosis, staging, and monitoring. However, despite their widespread usage, conventional radionuclide techniques are unable to measure the variability and modulation of FDG uptake in single cells. We present here a novel microfluidic technique, dubbed droplet radiofluidics, that can measure radiotracer uptake for single cells encapsulated into an array of microdroplets. The advantages of this approach are multiple. First, droplets can be quickly and easily positioned in a predetermined pattern for optimal imaging throughput. Second, droplet encapsulation reduces cell efflux as a confounding factor, because any effluxed radionuclide is trapped in the droplet. Last, multiplexed measurements can be performed using fluorescent labels. In this new approach, intracellular radiotracers are imaged on a conventional fluorescence microscope by capturing individual flashes of visible light that are produced as individual positrons, emitted during radioactive decay, traverse a scintillator plate placed below the cells. This method is used to measure the cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the uptake of tracers such as FDG in cell lines and cultured primary cells. The capacity of the platform to perform multiplexed measurements was demonstrated by measuring differential FDG uptake in single cells subjected to different incubation conditions and expressing different types of glucose transporters. This method opens many new avenues of research in basic cell biology and human disease by capturing the full range of stochastic variations in highly heterogeneous cell populations in a repeatable and high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Türkcan
- †Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julia Nguyen
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Marta Vilalta
- §Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bin Shen
- ∥Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Frederick T Chin
- ∥Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guillem Pratx
- †Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul Abbyad
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
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27
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Current Perspectives in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Airway Tissue Defects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:746392. [PMID: 26167186 PMCID: PMC4475757 DOI: 10.1155/2015/746392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and respiratory diseases are the third cause of death in industrialized countries; for this reason the airways and cardiopulmonary system have been the focus of extensive investigation, in particular of the new emerging branch of regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated multipotent adult cells that naturally reside within the human body, which can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages when cultured in specific inducing media. MSCs have the ability to migrate and engraft at sites of inflammation and injury in response to cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors at a wound site and they can exert local reparative effects through transdifferentiation and differentiation into specific cell types or via the paracrine secretion of soluble factors with anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Experimental and clinical evidence exists regarding MSCs efficacy in airway defects restoration; although clinical MSCs use, in the daily practice, is not yet completely reached for airway diseases, we can argue that MSCs do not represent any more merely an experimental approach to airway tissue defects restoration but they can be considered as a “salvage” therapeutic tool in very selected patients and diseases.
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28
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Öztürk H, Karapolat I. Efficacy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in restaging muscle-invasive bladder cancer following radical cystectomy. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:717-724. [PMID: 25667618 PMCID: PMC4316965 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the contribution and effectiveness of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) scans in the restaging of patients following radical cystectomy due to muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC). A total of 51 patients (45 males and six females) who underwent radical cystectomy due to invasive bladder cancer, and had an 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan for restaging between July 2007 and April 2013, were included in the present study. The mean age was 62.3±9.79 years (range, 40–82 years). Patients underwent a six-hour fast prior to scanning, and whole-body PET scanning from the skull base to the upper thighs was performed ~1 h after the intravenous injection of 555 MBq 18F-FDG. Whole-body CT scanning was performed in a cranio-caudal direction. 18F-FDG-PET images were reconstructed using CT data for attenuation correction. Histopathology or clinical follow-up was used to confirm any suspicious recurrent or metastatic lesions. The results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT were 92, 83, 94, 77 and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, 18F-FDG-PET/CT efficiently detects local recurrence and distant metastases with high sensitivity and PPV in the restaging of patients who underwent radical cystectomy due to invasive bladder cancer. This procedure could play an important role in rendering decisions regarding radiotherapy or chemotherapy and post-operative follow-up, and could influence the entire decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir 35240, Turkey
| | - Inanç Karapolat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir 35240, Turkey
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29
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In-vivo comparison of the acute retention of stem cell derivatives and fibroblasts after intramyocardial transplantation in the mouse model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:2325-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Cheng G, Alavi A, Lee NJ, Akers SR. Differential Background Clearance of Fluorodeoxyglucose Activity in Normal Tissues and its Clinical Significance. PET Clin 2014; 9:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Fülöp A, Szijártó A, Harsányi L, Budai A, Pekli D, Korsós D, Horváth I, Kovács N, Karlinger K, Máthé D, Szigeti K. Demonstration of metabolic and cellular effects of portal vein ligation using multi-modal PET/MRI measurements in healthy rat liver. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90760. [PMID: 24599299 PMCID: PMC3944348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In the early recognition of portal vein ligation (PVL) induced tumor progression, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) could improve diagnostic accuracy of conventionally used methods. It is unknown how PVL affects metabolic patterns of tumor free hepatic tissues. The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the effect of PVL on glucose metabolism, using PET/MRI imaging in healthy rat liver. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 30) underwent PVL. 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET/MRI imaging (nanoScan PET/MRI) and morphological/histological examination were performed before (Day 0) and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after PVL. Dynamic PET data were collected and the standardized uptake values (SUV) for ligated and non-ligated liver lobes were calculated in relation to cardiac left ventricle (SUVVOI/SUVCLV) and mean liver SUV (SUVVOI/SUVLiver). Results PVL induced atrophy of ligated lobes, while non-ligated liver tissue showed compensatory hypertrophy. Dynamic PET scan revealed altered FDG kinetics in both ligated and non-ligated liver lobes. SUVVOI/SUVCLV significantly increased in both groups of lobes, with a maximal value at the 2nd postoperative day and returned near to the baseline 7 days after the ligation. After PVL, ligated liver lobes showed significantly higher tracer uptake compared to the non-ligated lobes (significantly higher SUVVOI/SUVLiver values were observed at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3). The homogenous tracer biodistribution observed before PVL reappeared by 7th postoperative day. Conclusion The observed alterations in FDG uptake dynamics should be taken into account during the assessment of PET data until the PVL induced atrophic and regenerative processes are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fülöp
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Harsányi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Budai
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Damján Pekli
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Korsós
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Karlinger
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Izuishi K, Yamamoto Y, Mori H, Kameyama R, Fujihara S, Masaki T, Suzuki Y. Molecular mechanisms of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:701-6. [PMID: 24297035 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the insufficient sensitivity in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), the characteristics of glucose metabolism-related protein expression in HCC were examined in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (Meta). Thirty-four patients (14 Meta and 20 HCC) who underwent FDG-PET and hepatectomy were studied. The relationships between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) in tumors and the mRNA expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins [hexokinase (HK), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)] and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were examined in snap-frozen specimens with quantitative PCR. Tumor detection rates were lower in HCC (15/20) compared to Meta (13/14) patients. HK and GLUT1 expression was lower and G6Pase expression was higher in HCC compared to Meta. In particular, GLUT1 overexpression was 92-fold in Meta and 11-fold in HCC compared to the surrounding liver. The SUV correlated with GLUT1 and PCNA expression in HCC, but not Meta patients. Of note, four cases of poorly differentiated (P/D) HCC compared to moderately differentiated (M/D) HCC produced completely different results for FDG uptake (SUV, 14.4 vs. 4.0) and mRNA expression (G6Pase expression, 0.007 vs. 1.5). Variations in the expression of glucose metabolism-related enzymes between HCC and Meta patients are attributed to origin or degree of differentiation. Low FDG uptake in M/D HCC reflected low GLUT1 and high G6Pase expression, while high FDG accumulation in P/D HCC could reflect increased GLUT1 and decreased G6Pase expression. These results may explain why M/D HCC is not detected as sensitively by FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Izuishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirohito Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Riko Kameyama
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Internal Medicine of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Mesenchymal stem cells migration homing and tracking. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:130763. [PMID: 24194766 PMCID: PMC3806396 DOI: 10.1155/2013/130763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the migration and homing ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-like cells and factors influencing this. We also discuss studies related to the mechanism of migration and homing and the approaches undertaken to enhance it. Finally, we describe the different methods available and frequently used to track and identify the injected cells in vivo.
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Wolfs E, Struys T, Notelaers T, Roberts SJ, Sohni A, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Luyten FP, Gheysens O, Lambrichts I, Verfaillie CM, Deroose CM. 18F-FDG labeling of mesenchymal stem cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells for PET imaging: effects on ultrastructure and differentiation capacity. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:447-54. [PMID: 23353687 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of their extended differentiation capacity, stem cells have gained great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. For the development of therapeutic strategies, more knowledge on the in vivo fate of these cells has to be acquired. Therefore, stem cells can be labeled with radioactive tracer molecules such as (18)F-FDG, a positron-emitting glucose analog that is taken up and metabolically trapped by the cells. The aim of this study was to optimize the radioactive labeling of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) in vitro with (18)F-FDG and to investigate the potential radiotoxic effects of this labeling procedure with a range of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS Mouse MSCs and rat MAPCs were used for (18)F-FDG uptake kinetics and tracer retention studies. Cell metabolic activity, proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural changes after labeling were evaluated using an Alamar Blue reagent, doubling time calculations and quantitative TEM, respectively. Additionally, mice were injected with MSCs and MAPCs prelabeled with (18)F-FDG, and stem cell biodistribution was investigated using small-animal PET. RESULTS The optimal incubation period for (18)F-FDG uptake was 60 min. Significant early tracer washout was observed, with approximately 30%-40% of the tracer being retained inside the cells 3 h after labeling. Cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity were not severely affected by (18)F-FDG labeling. No major changes at the ultrastructural level, considering mitochondrial length, lysosome size, the number of lysosomes, the number of vacuoles, and the average rough endoplasmic reticulum width, were observed with TEM. Small-animal PET experiments with radiolabeled MAPCs and MSCs injected intravenously in mice showed a predominant accumulation in the lungs and a substantial elution of (18)F-FDG from the cells. CONCLUSION MSCs and MAPCs can be successfully labeled with (18)F-FDG for molecular imaging purposes. The main cellular properties are not rigorously affected. TEM confirmed that the cells' ultrastructural properties are not influenced by (18)F-FDG labeling. Small-animal PET studies confirmed the intracellular location of the tracer and the possibility of imaging injected prelabeled stem cell types in vivo. Therefore, direct labeling of MSCs and MAPCs with (18)F-FDG is a suitable technique to noninvasively assess cell delivery and early retention with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wolfs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yamaguchi R, Janssen E, Perkins G, Ellisman M, Kitada S, Reed JC. Efficient elimination of cancer cells by deoxyglucose-ABT-263/737 combination therapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24102. [PMID: 21949692 PMCID: PMC3176271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As single agents, ABT-263 and ABT-737 (ABT), molecular antagonists of the Bcl-2 family, bind tightly to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, but not to Mcl-1, and induce apoptosis only in limited cell types. The compound 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), in contrast, partially blocks glycolysis, slowing cell growth but rarely causing cell death. Injected into an animal, 2DG accumulates predominantly in tumors but does not harm other tissues. However, when cells that were highly resistant to ABT were pre-treated with 2DG for 3 hours, ABT became a potent inducer of apoptosis, rapidly releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria and activating caspases at submicromolar concentrations in a Bak/Bax-dependent manner. Bak is normally sequestered in complexes with Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. 2DG primes cells by interfering with Bak-Mcl-1 association, making it easier for ABT to dissociate Bak from Bcl-xL, freeing Bak to induce apoptosis. A highly active glucose transporter and Bid, as an agent of the mitochondrial apoptotic signal amplification loop, are necessary for efficient apoptosis induction in this system. This combination treatment of cancer-bearing mice was very effective against tumor xenograft from hormone-independent highly metastasized chemo-resistant human prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the combination treatment may provide a safe and effective alternative to genotoxin-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamaguchi
- Program of Cell Death and Apoptosis, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
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[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose incorporation by mcf-7 breast tumour cells in vitro is modulated by treatment with tamoxifen, Doxorubicin, and docetaxel: relationship to chemotherapy-induced changes in ATP content, hexokinase activity, and glucose transport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 2011:874585. [PMID: 21490735 PMCID: PMC3065808 DOI: 10.1155/2011/874585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumours responding to chemotherapy exhibit decreased [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) incorporation. Underlying mechanisms of these changes is poorly understood. Here, in MCF-7 cells, responding to chemotherapy drugs commonly utilised in the treatment of breast cancer, [18F]FDG incorporation and several pivotal factors associated with [18F]FDG incorporation investigated. Methods. IC50 and subclinical doxorubicin, docetaxel, and tamoxifen doses determined using MTT assay. [18F]FDG incorporation by cells treated with IC50 drug doses for 48 hours and 72 hours were determined and FDG dephosphorylation estimated by measuring loss of 18F from [18F]FDG-preincubated cells (pulse-chase). Glucose transport determined by measuring initial uptake rate of non-metabolised glucose analogue omethylglucose; hexokinase activity and ATP content measured in cell homogenates; Cell cycle distribution determined using flow cytometry of propidium iodide stained nuclei. Results. [18F]FDG incorporation and ATP content decreased in cells after 72 hours treatment with IC50 doses of tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and docetaxel compared with untreated controls. Decreased glucose transport and/or hexokinase activity accompanied decreased [18F]FDG incorporation by MCF-7 cells treated with tamoxifen or doxorubicin but not docetaxel. Conclusions. Tumour cell [18F]FDG incorporation along with ATP content decreased by treatment with tamoxifen, doxorubicin and docetaxel paralleling clinical observations for solid tumours. Effect of each treatment on glucose transport and hexokinase activity was chemotherapy-drug dependent.
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Savita N, Maitra S, Ravishankar U. Multimodality Molecular Imaging – An Overview With Special Focus on PET/CT. APOLLO MEDICINE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0976-0016(11)60104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Papathanassiou D, Bruna-Muraille C, Liehn JC, Nguyen TD, Curé H. Positron Emission Tomography in oncology: Present and future of PET and PET/CT. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 72:239-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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FDG PET as a prognostic predictor in the early post-therapeutic evaluation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 37:468-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jadvar H, Alavi A, Gambhir SS. 18F-FDG uptake in lung, breast, and colon cancers: molecular biology correlates and disease characterization. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1820-7. [PMID: 19837767 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.054098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is hoped that in the not too distant future, noninvasive imaging-based molecular interrogation and characterization of tumors can improve our fundamental understanding of the dynamic biologic behavior of cancer. For example, the new dimension of diagnostic information that is provided by (18)F-FDG PET has led to improved clinical decision making and management changes in a substantial number of patients with cancer. In this context, the aim of this review is to bring together and summarize the current data on the correlation between the underlying molecular biology and the clinical observations of tumor (18)F-FDG accumulation in 3 major human cancers: lung, breast, and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Differentiation of FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent and compromised benign lesions after surgery for breast cancer with dual-time point F-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose PET/CT scan. Ann Nucl Med 2009; 23:399-407. [PMID: 19452249 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-009-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of dual-time point F-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) PET/CT scans to differentiate FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent and compromised benign lesions after surgery for breast cancer. METHODS A total of 64 FDG-avid recurrent lesions (local tumor recurrence or lymph node metastases) in 52 patients and 38 FDG-avid compromised benign lesions after surgery in 37 patients were included in the study. FDG PET/CT study was performed at 60 and 120 min after intravenous injection of 3.5 MBq/kg FDG. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) on the early and delayed scans and the percent change of SUVmax (%DeltaSUVmax) between the two time points were measured. The optimal differential parameter was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The average early SUVmax, delayed SUVmax and DeltaSUVmax% were 4.9 +/- 2.6, 6.0 +/- 3.6 and 18.2% +/- 18.8 in FDG-avid recurrent lesions, and 2.1 +/- 0.8, 1.8 +/- 1.0 and -17.8% +/- 21.3 in FDG-avid benign lesions, respectively. Delayed SUVmax was significantly increased compared with early SUVmax in recurrent lesions (P < 0.0001), while it was decreased in benign lesions (P < 0.0001). All the three parameters in recurrent lesions were significantly higher than those in benign lesions (P < 0.0001). The highest diagnostic accuracy of the differentiation was achieved by the combined use of the optimal parameter of delayed SUVmax > 2.5 and %DeltaSUVmax > 0%, with a sensitivity of 90.6%, specificity of 81.5%, accuracy of 87.2%, NPV of 89.2%, and PPV of 83.7%, which were better than the respective values obtained with the use of delayed SUVmax > 2.5 alone or %DeltaSUVmax > 0% alone (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively), and the use of the traditional parameter of early SUVmax > 2.5 (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS This approach with SUVmax estimation appears to improve the differentiation between FDG-avid loco-regional recurrent of breast cancer and compromised benign lesions after surgery, since delayed scanning significantly enhances the difference in FDG uptake between these lesions.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer poses a major public health problem, particularly in the US and Europe, where it constitutes the most common type of malignancy among men, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers. The disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of biological and clinical phenotypes, and its evaluation by imaging remains a challenge in view of this heterogeneity. Imaging in prostate cancer can be used in the initial diagnosis of the primary tumor, to determine the occurrence and extent of any extracapsular spread, for guidance in delivery and evaluation of local therapy in organ-confined disease, in locoregional lymph node staging, to detect locally recurrent and metastatic disease in biochemical relapse, to predict and assess tumor response to systemic therapy or salvage therapy, and in disease prognostication (in terms of the length of time taken for castrate-sensitive disease to become refractory to hormones and overall patient survival). Evidence from animal-based translational and human-based clinical studies points to a potential and emerging role for PET, using F-fluorodeoxyglucose as a radiotracer, in the imaging evaluation of prostate cancer.
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Abstract
The clinical applications of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology are becoming established. While simple static scanning techniques are used for the majority of routine clinical examinations, increasing use of PET in clinical trials to monitor treatment response with 18FDG and novel tracers reflecting different pharmacodynamic end points, often necessitates a more complex and quantitative analysis of radiopharmaceutical kinetics. A wide range of PET analysis techniques exist, ranging from simple visual analysis and semiquantitative methods to full dynamic studies with kinetic analysis. These methods are discussed, focusing particularly on the available methodologies that can be utilised in clinical trials.
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Brugola E, Buck AK, Tagliabue L, Reske SN, Lucignani G. PET Imaging of Breast Cancer Molecular Biomarkers. Breast Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-36781-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Decreased [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose incorporation and increased glucose transport are associated with resistance to 5FU in MCF7 cells in vitro. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:955-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nakajo M, Jinnouchi S, Tanabe H, Tateno R, Nakajo M. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Features of Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2007; 31:539-43. [PMID: 17882028 DOI: 10.1097/01.rct.0000284388.45579.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake features of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF). METHODS 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) or PET/computed tomographic findings were retrospectively reviewed in 6 patients with IRF. FDG PET or PET/computed tomography was performed 1 and 2 hours after FDG injection. The FDG level was scored using a 4-point scale, and the intensity of FDG uptake was quantified using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). RESULTS In the 1-hours images, intense FDG uptake by IRF was observed in 5 patients before steroid treatment, but no abnormal uptake was noted in 1 patient receiving steroid treatment. The SUVmax in IRF increased from a mean +/- SD of 6.0 +/- 1.2 (range, 4.9-7.6) to 7.6 +/- 1.1 (range, 5.9-8.2) for all 4 patients who underwent 1 and 2 hours dual-time point imaging. Abnormal uptake was also noted in the mediastinum and the pancreas in 1 and 2 patients, and the diagnoses of mediastinal fibrosis and autoimmune pancreatitis were made, respectively. The SUVmax was stable or increased in the 3 lesions of mediastinal fibrosis and autoimmune pancreatitis. CONCLUSION FDG PET may be a reliable means of evaluating disease activity and the extent of IRF, but dual-time point imaging may not be useful to differentiate malignancy from IRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoyo Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Atsuchi Memorial Clinic PET Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Nguyen XC, Lee WW, Chung JH, Park SY, Sung SW, Kim YK, So Y, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC, Kim SE. FDG uptake, glucose transporter type 1, and Ki-67 expressions in non-small-cell lung cancer: correlations and prognostic values. Eur J Radiol 2007; 62:214-9. [PMID: 17239556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE FDG uptake mediated by glucose transporter type 1 (Glut-1) and tumor proliferative activity assessed by Ki-67 expression provide prognostic information in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we compared the prognostic significances of FDG uptake, and of Glut-1 and Ki-67 expressions in patients with NSCLC. METHODS NSCLC patients (n=53, F:M=16:37, age 61.9+/-12.1 years) who underwent curative resection after FDG-PET were enrolled. Thirty-one patients had stage I, 15 stage II, and 7 stage III disease. Patients were treated by surgery only (n=12), surgery plus adjuvant oral chemotherapy (n=32), or surgery plus adjuvant intravenous chemo- or radio-therapy (n=9). Maximum standardized FDG uptake values (maxSUV), and the Glut-1 and Ki-67 expressions of resected tumors were analyzed for correlations and relations with tumor recurrence. The median follow-up duration was 15 months. RESULTS Thirteen (24.5%) of the 53 patients experienced recurrence during a median follow-up of 8 months and significant correlations were found between maxSUV, Glut-1, and Ki-67 expressions (r=0.48-0.79, p<0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly correlated with maxSUV (<7 versus > or =7, p=0.001), % Ki-67 expression (<25% versus > or =25%, p=0.047), tumor size (<3 cm versus > or =3 cm, p=0.027), and tumor cell differentiation (well/moderate versus poor, p=0.011). However, multivariate Cox proportional analysis identified maxSUV as the only determinant of DFS (p=0.005). Patients with a maxSUV of > or =7 (n=14) had a significantly lower 1-year DFS rate (57.1%) than those with a maxSUV of <7 (n=39, 89.7%). CONCLUSION FDG uptake is more valuable than Glut-1 or Ki-67 expression in terms of predicting prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Canh Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kok PJM, van Eerd JEM, Boerman OC, Corstens FHM, Oyen WJG. Biodistribution and Imaging of FDG in Rats with LS174T Carcinoma Xenografts and Focal Escherichia coli Infection. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2005; 20:310-5. [PMID: 15989476 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2005.20.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the dynamic distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in malignant and in infectious lesions. METHODS The dynamic distribution of FDG was studied in Rowett nude (RNU) rats with a LS174T carcinoma xenograft in the left front leg and an Escherichia coli-induced focal infection in the right front leg. In 5 rats, dynamic FDG-PET was performed (27 frames of 6-15 minutes) up to 4 hours after injection of 11 MBq 18FDG. The mean FDG uptake (SUV) was calculated and plotted by using a region of interest (ROI) centered over both lesions. In groups of 6 rats, the biodistribution of FDG was determined by counting dissected tissues at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after an injection of 11 MBq FDG. Means +/- the standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated. RESULTS Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) visualized both the tumor and the infection. The ROI analysis showed that FDG uptake in the infections was faster and higher, as compared to the tumor lesions. FDG uptake in the tumor reached a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 0.8 +/- 0.3 at 60 minutes and in the infectious lesions a SUV of 1.6 +/- 0.2 at 45 minutes, both remaining constant until 4 hours postinjection (p.i.). In the biodistribution study with ex vivo tissue counting, FDG had accumulated up to 1.1 +/- 0.1 %ID/g and 0.8 +/- 0.1 %ID/g at 1 hour in the tumor and infection, respectively, and remained constant until 4 hours for both lesions without significantly different wash-out from the 2 lesions. The tumor/blood and abscess/ blood ratios increased with time to 57 +/- 17 and 48 +/- 14, respectively. CONCLUSION Although in this model differences in absolute FDG uptake and initial kinetics between tumor and infection were observed, the wash-out rate of FDG from the lesions was similar over time. The retention of FDG in the inflammatory lesion indicated that dual time-point imaging does not necessarily resolve diagnostic pitfalls for FDG-PET in oncology in order to discriminate between malignant tumorous and benign infectious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J M Kok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Buck AK, Schirrmeister H, Mattfeldt T, Reske SN. Biological characterisation of breast cancer by means of PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31 Suppl 1:S80-7. [PMID: 15127240 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-004-1529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is associated with increased glucose consumption and can therefore be visualised with the glucose analogue [(18)F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). FDG uptake in the primary tumour can vary substantially, and specific tumour characteristics have been demonstrated to determine the degree of glucose metabolism. Factors with a major influence on FDG uptake in breast cancer comprise expression of glucose transporter Glut-1 and hexokinase I, number of viable tumour cells per volume, histological subtype, tumour grading, microvessel density and proliferative activity. Recently, an association between high FDG uptake and a worse prognosis was suggested. Several studies have been performed correlating FDG uptake with a variety of prognostic and molecular biomarkers as well as parameters predicting tumour response to therapy. However, a correlation with important clinical prognostic markers such as axillary lymph node status and size of the primary tumour, expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, proto-oncogene c-erbB-2 or VEGF could not be demonstrated. The lack of correlation with important markers of prognosis does not suggest that FDG uptake might be used as a prognostic criterion in breast cancer. Innovative radiotracers for specific imaging of tumoural perfusion ([(15)O]H(2)O), hormone receptor expression ([(18)F]FES), protein synthesis ([(11)C]methionine), proliferation rate ([(18)F]FLT) or bone mineralisation ([(18)F]fluoride) may provide additional information compared with that provided by FDG PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 89070 Ulm, Germany.
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