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Xu Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Wu K, Wang K, Shen Y, Liu S, Gao XJ, Zhang Y. Regulating Reactive Oxygen Intermediates of Fe-N-C SAzyme via Second-Shell Coordination for Selective Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408935. [PMID: 38895986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation for single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), e.g., Fe-N-C, is a key scientific issue that determines the activity, selectivity, and stability of aerobic reaction. However, the poor understanding of ROS formation mechanism on SAzymes greatly hampers their wider deployment. Herein, inspired by cytochromes P450 affording bound ROS intermediates in O2 activation, we report Fe-N-C containing the same FeN4 but with tunable second-shell coordination can effectively regulate ROS production pathways. Remarkably, compared to the control Fe-N-C sample, the second-shell sulfur functionalized Fe-N-C delivered a 2.4-fold increase of oxidase-like activity via the bound Fe=O intermediate. Conversely, free ROS (⋅O2 -) release was significantly reduced after functionalization, down to only 17 % of that observed for Fe-N-C. The detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the second-shell sulfur functionalization significantly altered the electronic structure of FeN4 sites, leading to an increase of electron density at Fermi level. It enhanced the electron transfer from active sites to the key intermediate *OOH, thereby ultimately determining the type of ROS in aerobic oxidation process. The proposed Fe-N-Cs with different second-shell anion were further applied to three aerobic oxidation reactions with enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanjie Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xuejiao J Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Zhu F, Yu Y, Yu Z, Qiu H, Lu GP, Chen Z, Hu J, Lin Y. S-Doping Regulated Iron Spin States in Fe-N-C Single-Atom Material for Enhanced Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity at Neutral pH. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311848. [PMID: 38556630 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Designing biomimetic nanomaterials with peroxidase (POD)-like activity at neutral pH remains a significant challenge. An S-doping strategy is developed to afford an iron single-atom nanomaterial (Fe1@CN-S) with high POD-like activity under neutral conditions. To the best of knowledge, there is the first example on the achievement of excellent POD-like activity under neutral conditions by regulating the active site structure. S-doping not only promotes the dissociation of the N─H bond in 3,3″,5,5″-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), but also facilitates the desorption of OH* by the transformation of iron species' spin states from middle-spin (MS FeII) to low-spin (LS FeII). Meanwhile, LS FeII sites typically have more unfilled d orbitals, thereby exhibiting stronger interactions with H2O2 than MS FeII, which can enhance POD-like activity. Finally, a one-pot visual detection of glucose at pH 7 is performed, demonstrating the best selectivity and sensitivity than previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - YueYi Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haochen Qiu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Lin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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Yuan LJ, Liu B, Shen LX, Dai YK, Li Q, Liu C, Gong W, Sui XL, Wang ZB. d-Orbital Electron Delocalization Realized by Axial Fe 4 C Atomic Clusters Delivers High-Performance Fe-N-C Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305945. [PMID: 37450565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fe-N-C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been considered as the most promising nonprecious metal catalyst due to its comparable catalytic performance to Pt in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The active centers of Fe-pyrrolic N4 have been proven to be extremely active for ORR. However, forming a stable Fe-pyrrolic N4 structure is a huge challenge. Here, a Cyan-Fe-N-C catalyst with Fe-pyrrolic N4 as the intrinsic active center is constructed with the help of axial Fe4 C atomic clusters, which shows a half-wave potential of up to 0.836 V (vs. RHE) in the acid environment. More remarkably, it delivers a high power density of 870 and 478 mW cm-2 at 1.0 bar in H2 -O2 and H2 -Air fuel cells, respectively. According to theoretical calculation and in situ spectroscopy, the axial Fe4 C can provide strong electronic perturbation to Fe-N4 active centers, leading to the d-orbital electron delocalization of Fe and forming the Fe-pyrrolic N4 bond with high charge distribution, which stabilizes the Fe-pyrrolic N4 structure and optimizes the OH* adsorption during the catalytic process. This work proposes a new strategy to adjust the electronic structure of single-atom catalysts based on the strong interaction between single atoms and atomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ji Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Kun Dai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Lei Sui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Wei X, Song S, Song W, Wen Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Wu Z, Qin Y, Jiao L, Wu Y, Sha M, Huang J, Cai X, Zheng L, Hu L, Gu W, Eguchi M, Asahi T, Yamauchi Y, Zhu C. Tuning iron spin states in single-atom nanozymes enables efficient peroxidase mimicking. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13574-13581. [PMID: 36507158 PMCID: PMC9682990 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale application of nanozymes remains a significant challenge owing to their unsatisfactory catalytic performances. Featuring a unique electronic structure and coordination environment, single-atom nanozymes provide great opportunities to vividly mimic the specific metal catalytic center of natural enzymes and achieve superior enzyme-like activity. In this study, the spin state engineering of Fe single-atom nanozymes (FeNC) is employed to enhance their peroxidase-like activity. Pd nanoclusters (PdNC) are introduced into FeNC, whose electron-withdrawing properties rearrange the spin electron occupation in Fe(ii) of FeNC-PdNC from low spin to medium spin, facilitating the heterolysis of H2O2 and timely desorption of H2O. The spin-rearranged FeNC-PdNC exhibits greater H2O2 activation activity and rapid reaction kinetics compared to those of FeNC. As a proof of concept, FeNC-PdNC is used in the immunosorbent assay for the colorimetric detection of prostate-specific antigen and achieves an ultralow detection limit of 0.38 pg mL-1. Our spin-state engineering strategy provides a fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes and facilitates the design of advanced enzyme mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Shaojia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 P. R. China
| | - Yating Wen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Ying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Meng Sha
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Liuyong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Miharu Eguchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Toru Asahi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 PR China
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Kolyada MN, Osipova VP, Berberova NT, Shpakovsky DB, Milaeva ER. Porphyrins with Phenolic Fragments at the Periphery of the Macrocycle as Perspective Antioxidants, Cytoprotectors and Heavy Metal Scavengers. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Xu W, Song W, Kang Y, Jiao L, Wu Y, Chen Y, Cai X, Zheng L, Gu W, Zhu C. Axial Ligand-Engineered Single-Atom Catalysts with Boosted Enzyme-Like Activity for Sensitive Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12758-12766. [PMID: 34476936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the key role of the coordination environment in the catalytic activity of enzymes, a rational design of the coordination structure of active sites at the atom scale is expected to develop high-performance enzyme-like catalysts. Here, we design a simple model system involving pentacoordinated and tetracoordinated Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts (named NG-Heme and G-Heme, respectively) to investigate structure-activity relationships. NG-Heme with axial ligand-engineered Fe sites exhibits superior enzyme-like activity to G-Heme, achieving the goal of vivid mimicking of the active sites of peroxidase. Experiments and theoretical studies reveal that the enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity originates from the "push effect" of the additional axial ligand, which can strengthen the interaction between the active site and the intermediate. Based on the outstanding catalytic activity, an NG-Heme-linked immunosorbent assay was constructed for colorimetric detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, exhibiting satisfactory sensitivity and feasibility in the analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Ambient O2 is a switch between [1-electron/1-radical] vs. [2–electron] oxidative catalytic path in Fe-Phthalocyanines. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Nitschke P, Lokesh N, Gschwind RM. Combination of illumination and high resolution NMR spectroscopy: Key features and practical aspects, photochemical applications, and new concepts. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:86-134. [PMID: 31779887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, photochemical and photocatalytic applications have developed into one of the dominant research fields in chemistry. However, mechanistic investigations to sustain this enormous progress are still relatively sparse and in high demand by the photochemistry community. UV/Vis spectroscopy and EPR spectroscopy have been the main spectroscopic tools to study the mechanisms of photoreactions due to their higher time resolution and sensitivity. On the other hand, application of NMR in photosystems has been mainly restricted to photo-CIDNP, since the initial photoexcitation was thought to be the single key to understand photoinduced reactions. In 2015 the Gschwind group showcased the possibility that different reaction pathways could occur from the same photoexcited state depending on the reaction conditions by using in situ LED illumination NMR. This was the starting point to push the active participation of NMR in photosystems to its full potential, including reaction profiling, structure determination of intermediates, downstream mechanistic studies, dark pathways, intermediate sequencing with CEST etc. Following this, multiple studies using in situ illumination NMR have been reported focusing on mechanistic investigations in photocatalysis, photoswitches, and polymerizations. The recent increased popularity of this technique can be attributed to the simplicity of the experimental setup and the availability of low cost, high power LEDs. Here, we review the development of experimental design, applications and new concepts of illuminated NMR. In the first part, we describe the development of different designs of NMR illumination apparatus, illuminating from the bottom/side/top/inside, and discuss their pros and cons for specific applications. Furthermore, we address LASERs and LEDs as different light sources as well as special cases such as UVNMR(-illumination), FlowNMR, NMR on a Chip etc. To complete the discussion on experimental apparatus, the advantages and disadvantages of in situ LED illumination NMR versus ex situ illumination NMR are described. The second part of this review discusses different facets of applications of inside illumination experiments. It highlights newly revealed mechanistic and structural information and ideas in the fields of photocatalyis, photoswitches and photopolymerization. Finally, we present new concepts and methods based on the combination of NMR and illumination such as sensitivity enhancement, chemical pump probes, experimental access to transition state combinations and NMR actinometry. Overall this review presents NMR spectroscopy as a complementary tool to UV/Vis spectroscopy in mechanistic and structural investigations of photochemical processes. The review is presented in a way that is intended to assist the photochemistry and photocatalysis community in adopting and understanding this astonishingly powerful in situ LED illumination NMR method for their investigations on a daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Nitschke
- Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Çimen Mutlu Y, Günay Semerci T, Türk H. Oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by iron porphyrin tetrasulfonate, iron porphyrin tetracarboxylate and their supported analogues in a water-methanol mixture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:280-287. [PMID: 30856438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two water-soluble iron porphyrins bearing sulfonate and carboxylate functionalities (FePTS and FePTC, respectively) and their supported analogues were used as catalysts for the oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) in a water-methanol mixture. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was the oxidant and the volume ratio of water to methanol in the mixture was 1-8. The major products of the DTBP oxidation were 3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone (DPQ) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert- butylbiphenyl (H2DPQ). Also 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) was the minor product of the oxidation. The results showed that FePTC was more catalytically active than FePTS in the oxidation and gave the highest TON and TOF values in comparison to those for metalloporphyrin and metallophthalocyanine based catalysts in the DTBP oxidation given in the literature. In addition, the ecotoxicity tests of the DTBP oxidation mixtures before and after oxidative catalytic treatment toward Artemia salina were performed. It was found that the toxicity of the catalytically treated DTBP mixture containing residual DTBP and products was lower than the catalytically untreated DTBP mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Çimen Mutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Günay Semerci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hayrettin Türk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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Günay T, Çimen Y. Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol with peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by soluble and supported iron porphyrins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1013-1020. [PMID: 28898954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of 2,4,6-trichloropenol (TCP) with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by iron porphyrin tetrasulfonate ([FePTS)] was investigated in an 8-to-1 (v/v) CH3OH-H2O mixture. Typical reaction medium contained a 4.00 mL methanol solution of TCP (0.100 mmol), a 0.50 mL aqueous solution of catalyst (5.0 × 10-4 mmol), and 0.100 mmol PMS (as 0.031 g of Oxone). The reaction was performed at ambient temperature. The conversion of TCP was 74% in 30 min and 80% in 6 h when the catalyst was [FePTS]. Amberlite IRA-900 supported [FePTS] catalyst was also prepared. In the recycling experiments the homogeneous [FePTS] lost its activity after the first cycle, while [FePTS]-Amberlite IRA 900 maintained its activity for the first 2 cycles. After the second cycle, the conversion of TCP dropped to <10% for Amberlite IRA-900 supported [FePTS] catalyst. The degradation of TCP with PMS was also attempted using cobalt, copper, nickel and palladium porphyrin tetrasulfonate catalysts, however, no catalytic activity was observed with these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Günay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Çimen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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11
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Christoforidis KC, Pantazis DA, Bonilla LL, Bletsa E, Louloudi M, Deligiannakis Y. Axial ligand effect on the catalytic activity of biomimetic Fe-porphyrin catalyst: An experimental and DFT study. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Papastergiou M, Stathi P, Milaeva E, Deligiannakis Y, Louloudi M. Comparative study of the catalytic thermodynamic barriers for two homologous Mn- and Fe-non-heme oxidation catalysts. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Oxidative catalytic evolution of redox- and spin-states of a Fe-phthalocyanine studied by EPR. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Christoforidis KC, Louloudi M, Deligiannakis Y. Substrate and co-catalyst effects on the local coordination environment of a Fe–porphyrin catalyst. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Milaeva E, Gerasimova O, Jingwei Z, Shpakovsky D, Syrbu S, Semeykin A, Koifman O, Kireeva E, Shevtsova E, Bachurin S, Zefirov N. Synthesis and antioxidative activity of metalloporphyrins bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol pendants. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1348-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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