1
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Bufano M, Puxeddu M, Nalli M, La Regina G, Toto A, Liberati FR, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Masci D, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Silvestri R, Gianni S, Coluccia A. Targeting the Grb2 cSH3 domain: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the first series of modulators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106607. [PMID: 37210829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) is an adaptor protein featured by a nSH3-SH2-cSH3 domains. Grb2 finely regulates important cellular pathways such as growth, proliferation and metabolism and a minor lapse of this tight control may totally change the entire pathway to the oncogenic. Indeed, Grb2 is found overexpressed in many tumours type. Consequently, Grb2 is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of new anticancer drug. Herein, we reported the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a series of Grb2 inhibitors, developed starting from a hit-compound already reported by this research unit. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated by kinetic binding experiments, and the most promising derivatives were assayed in a short panel of cancer cells. Five of the newly synthesized derivatives proved to be able to bind the targeted protein with valuable inhibitory concentration in one-digit micromolar concentration. The most active compound of this series, derivative 12, showed an inhibitory concentration of about 6 μM for glioblastoma and ovarian cancer cells, and an IC50 of 1.67 for lung cancer cell. For derivative 12, the metabolic stability and the ROS production was also evaluated. The biological data together with the docking studies led to rationalize an early structure activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bufano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Liberati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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2
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Rossino G, Marra A, Listro R, Peviani M, Poggio E, Curti D, Pellavio G, Laforenza U, Dondio G, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Bedeschi M, Marino N, Tesei A, Ha HJ, Kim YH, Ann J, Lee J, Linciano P, Di Giacomo M, Rossi D, Collina S. Discovery of RC-752, a Novel Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist with Antinociceptive Activity: A Promising Tool for Fighting Neuropathic Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:962. [PMID: 37513874 PMCID: PMC10386076 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition resulting from damaged pain-signaling pathways. It is a debilitating disorder that affects up to 10% of the world's population. Although opioid analgesics are effective in reducing pain, they present severe risks; so, there is a pressing need for non-opioid pain-relieving drugs. One potential alternative is represented by sigma-1 receptor (S1R) antagonists due to their promising analgesic effects. Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of S1R antagonists based on a 2-aryl-4-aminobutanol scaffold. After assessing affinity toward the S1R and selectivity over the sigma-2 receptor (S2R), we evaluated the agonist/antagonist profile of the compounds by investigating their effects on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth and aquaporin-mediated water permeability in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. (R/S)-RC-752 emerged as the most interesting compound for S1R affinity (Ki S1R = 6.2 ± 0.9) and functional antagonist activity. Furthermore, it showed no cytotoxic effect in two normal human cell lines or in an in vivo zebrafish model and was stable after incubation in mouse plasma. (R/S)-RC-752 was then evaluated in two animal models of NP: the formalin test and the spinal nerve ligation model. The results clearly demonstrated that compound (R/S)-RC-752 effectively alleviated pain in both animal models, thus providing the proof of concept of its efficacy as an antinociceptive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Marra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Listro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pellavio
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Laforenza
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza, 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Noemi Marino
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Hee-Jin Ha
- Medifron DBT, Seoul 08502, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- JMackem Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- JMackem Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Albanese V, Missiroli S, Perrone M, Fabbri M, Boncompagni C, Pacifico S, De Ventura T, Ciancetta A, Dondio G, Kricek F, Pinton P, Guerrini R, Preti D, Giorgi C. Novel Aryl Sulfonamide Derivatives as NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5223-5241. [PMID: 36972104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of innate immunity that senses diverse pathogen- and host-derived molecules. However, its aberrant activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of aryl sulfonamide derivatives (ASDs) to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome. Among these, compounds 6c, 7n, and 10 specifically inhibited NLRP3 activation at nanomolar concentrations without affecting the activation of the NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these compounds reduce interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in vivo and attenuate melanoma tumor growth. Moreover, metabolic stability in liver microsomes of 6c, 7n, and 10 was studied along with plasma exposure in mice of the most interesting compound 6c. Therefore, we generated potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, which can be considered in future medicinal chemistry and pharmacological studies aimed at developing a new therapeutic approach for NLRP3 inflammasome-driven cancer.
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4
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Sebastiani J, Puxeddu M, Nalli M, Bai R, Altieri L, Rovella P, Gaudio E, Trisciuoglio D, Spriano F, Lavia P, Fionda C, Masci D, Urbani A, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Hamel E, Bertoni F, Silvestri R, La Regina G. RS6077 induces mitotic arrest and selectively activates cell death in human cancer cell lines and in a lymphoma tumor in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114997. [PMID: 36502578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a new inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, the pyrrole (1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)methanone 6 (RS6077). Compound 6 inhibited the growth of multiple cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the nM range, without affecting the growth of non-transformed cells. The novel agent arrested cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in both transformed and non-transformed cell lines, but single cell analysis by time-lapse video recording revealed a remarkable selectivity in cell death induction by compound 6: in RPE-1 non-transformed cells mitotic arrest induced was not necessarily followed by cell death; in contrast, in HeLa transformed and in lymphoid-derived transformed AHH1 cell lines, cell death was effectively induced during mitotic arrest in cells that fail to complete mitosis. Importantly, the agent also inhibited the growth of the lymphoma TMD8 xenograft model. Together these findings suggest that derivative 6 has a selective efficacy in transformed vs non-transformed cells and indicate that the same compound has potential as novel therapeutic agent to treat lymphomas. Compound 6 showed good metabolic stability upon incubation with human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sebastiani
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Ludovica Altieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rovella
- IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IBPM Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad SrL, Via Della Resistenza 65, 20090, Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via Della Resistenza 65, 20090, Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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5
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Puxeddu M, Wu J, Bai R, D’Ambrosio M, Nalli M, Coluccia A, Manetto S, Ciogli A, Masci D, Urbani A, Fionda C, Coni S, Bordone R, Canettieri G, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Hamel E, Liu T, Silvestri R, La Regina G. Induction of Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma and Ovarian Cancers by a New Pyrrole Tubulin Assembly Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15805-15818. [PMID: 36395526 PMCID: PMC9743090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized new aroyl diheterocyclic pyrrole (ARDHEP) 15 that exhibited the hallmarks of ferroptosis. Compound 15 strongly inhibited U-87 MG, OVCAR-3, and MCF-7 cancer cells, induced an increase of cleaved PARP, but was not toxic for normal human primary T lymphocytes at 0.1 μM. Analysis of the levels of lactoperoxidase, malondialdehyde, lactic acid, total glutathione, and ATP suggested that the in vivo inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by 15 went through stimulation of oxidative stress injury and Fe2+ accumulation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the mRNA expression in U-87 MG and SKOV-3 tumor tissues from 15-treated mice showed the presence of Ptgs2/Nfe2l2/Sat1/Akr1c1/Gpx4 genes correlated with ferroptosis in both groups. Immunofluorescence staining revealed significantly lower expressions of proteins Ki67, CD31, and ferroptosis negative regulation proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and FTH1. Compound 15 was found to be metabolically stable when incubated with human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Jianchao Wu
- Shanghai
Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 365 South Xiangyang Road, 200031Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Michele D’Ambrosio
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Manetto
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Department
of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative
Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred
Heart, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department
of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative
Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred
Heart, Largo Francesco
Vito 1, 00168Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Bordone
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad
SrL, Via della Resistenza
65, 20090Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad
SrL, Via della Resistenza
65, 20090Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai
Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 365 South Xiangyang Road, 200031Shanghai, China,
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy,
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory
Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation,
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy,
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6
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Li L, Lu Z, Liu G, Tang Y, Li W. In Silico Prediction of Human and Rat Liver Microsomal Stability via Machine Learning Methods. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1614-1624. [PMID: 36053050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver microsomal stability is an important property considered for the screening of drug candidates in the early stage of drug development. Determination of hepatic metabolic stability can be performed by an in vitro assay, but it requires quite a few resources and time. In recent years, machine learning methods have made much progress. Therefore, development of computational models to predict liver microsomal stability is highly desirable in the drug discovery process. In this study, the in silico classification models for the prediction of the metabolic stability of compounds in rat and human liver microsomes were constructed by the conventional machine learning and deep learning methods. The performance of the models was evaluated using the test and external sets. For the rat liver microsomes (RLM) stability, the best model yielded the AUC values of 0.84 and 0.71 on the test and external validation sets, respectively. For the human liver microsome (HLM) stability, the best model exhibited the AUC values of 0.86 and 0.77 on the test and external validation sets, respectively. In addition, several important substructure fragments were detected using information gain and frequency substructure analysis methods. The applicability domain of the models was defined using the Euclidean distance-based method. We anticipate that our results would be helpful for the prediction of liver microsomal stability of compounds in the early stage of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Saletti M, Maramai S, Reale A, Paolino M, Brogi S, Di Capua A, Cappelli A, Giorgi G, D'Avino D, Rossi A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Sardella R, Carotti A, Woelkart G, Klösch B, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Anzini M. Novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents: 1,5-Diarylpyrrole nitrooxyethyl sulfides and related compounds as Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors containing a nitric oxide donor moiety endowed with vasorelaxant properties. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Acoustic Droplet Ejection and Open Port Interface for Rapid Analysis of Metabolic Stability Assays. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3285-3291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Park Y, Park MH, Byeon JJ, Shin SH, Lee BI, Choi JM, Kim N, Park SJ, Park MJ, Lim JH, Shin YG. Assessment of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Profiles of SCH 58261 in Rats Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092209. [PMID: 32397307 PMCID: PMC7248953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c) pyrimidine (SCH 58261) is one of the new chemical entities that has been developed as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Although SCH 58261 has been reported to be beneficial, there is little information about SCH 58261 from a drug metabolism or pharmacokinetics perspective. This study describes the metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of SCH 58261 in order to understand its behaviors in vivo. Rats were used as the in vivo model species. First, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of SCH 58261 in rat plasma. A GastroPlus™ simulation, in vitro microsomal metabolic stability, and bile duct-cannulated studies were also performed to understand its pharmacokinetic profile. The parameter sensitivity analysis of GastroPlus™ was used to examine the factors that influence exposure when the drug is orally administered. The factors are as follows: permeability, systemic clearance, renal clearance, and liver first-pass effect. In vitro microsomal metabolic stability indicates how much the drug is metabolized. The extrapolated hepatic clearance value of SCH 58261 was 39.97 mL/min/kg, indicating that the drug is greatly affected by hepatic metabolism. In vitro microsomal metabolite identification studies revealed that metabolites produce oxidized and ketone-formed metabolites via metabolic enzymes in the liver. The bile duct-cannulated rat study, after oral administration of SCH 58261, showed that a significant amount of the drug was excreted in feces. These results imply that the drug is not absorbed well in the body after oral administration. Taken together, SCH 58261 showed quite a low bioavailability when administered orally and this was likely due to significantly limited absorption, as well as high metabolism in vivo.
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Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Herqash RN, ElNahhas T. Simultaneous quantitative determination of seven novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to human microsomal metabolic stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brenneman DE, Petkanas D, Kinney WA. Pharmacological Comparisons Between Cannabidiol and KLS-13019. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:121-134. [PMID: 30109468 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits neuroprotective properties in many experimental systems. However, development of CBD as a drug has been confounded by the following: (1) low potency; (2) a large number of molecular targets; (3) marginal pharmacokinetic properties; and (4) designation as a schedule 1 controlled substance. The present work compared the properties of CBD with a novel molecule (KLS-13019) that has structural similarities to CBD. The design strategy for KLS-13019 was to increase hydrophilicity while optimizing neuroprotective potency against oxidative stress toxicity relevant to hepatic encephalopathy. The protective responses of CBD and KLS-13019 were compared in dissociated rat hippocampal cultures co-treated with toxic levels of ethanol and ammonium acetate. This comparison revealed that KLS-13019 was 31-fold more potent than CBD in preventing neuronal toxicity from the combined toxin treatment, while both compounds exhibited complete protective efficacy back to control values. In addition, treatment with KLS-13019 alone was 5-fold less toxic (TC50) than CBD. Previous studies suggested that CBD targeted the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in mitochondria (mNCX) to regulate intracellular calcium levels, an important determinant of neuronal survival. After treatment with an inhibitor of mNCX (CGP-37157), no detectable neuroprotection from ethanol toxicity was observed for either CBD or KLS-13019. Furthermore, AM630 (CB2 antagonist) significantly attenuated CBD-mediated neuroprotection, while having no detectable effect on neuroprotection from KLS-13019. Our studies indicated KLS-13019 was more potent and less toxic than CBD. Both compounds can act through mNCX. KLS-13019 may provide an alternative to CBD as a therapeutic candidate to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Brenneman
- Advanced Neural Dynamics, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Dean Petkanas
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - William A Kinney
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
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12
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Matera C, Dondio G, Braida D, Ponzoni L, De Amici M, Sala M, Dallanoce C. In vivo and in vitro ADMET profiling and in vivo pharmacodynamic investigations of a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with a spirocyclic Δ 2 -isoxazoline molecular skeleton. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Gupta A, Singh VK, Kumar D, Yadav P, Kumar S, Beg M, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM, Bhatta R, Tadigoppula N, Gaikwad AN. Curcumin-3,4-Dichloro Phenyl Pyrazole (CDPP) overcomes curcumin's low bioavailability, inhibits adipogenesis and ameliorates dyslipidemia by activating reverse cholesterol transport. Metabolism 2017; 73:109-124. [PMID: 28732567 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte dysfunction, obesity and associated metabolic disorders are of prime healthcare concern worldwide. Among available medications, natural products and inspired molecules hold 40% space in clinically prescribed medicines. In queue, this study overcomes the drawback of curcumin's low bioavailability with potent anti-adipogenic and anti-dyslipidemic activity. METHODS To evaluate the role of CDPP on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as an in-vitro model. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle analysis. Syrian golden hamsters were used to study pharmacokinetic profile and dyslipidemic activity exhibited by CDPP. RESULT CDPP was found to be a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis in-vitro. It blocked mitotic clonal expansion by causing cell cycle arrest. CDPP showed marked improvement in gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability in-vivo as compared to curcumin. Administration of CDPP (100mg/kg) significantly improved HFD induced dyslipidemic profile in hamsters and activated reverse cholesterol transport machinery. CONCLUSION CDPP could be used as a potential drug candidate against adipogenesis and dyslipidemia with enhanced gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India; Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rakhi Choudhary
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur 244713, India
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur 244713, India
| | - Rabi Bhatta
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Narender Tadigoppula
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Caddeo S, Boffito M, Sartori S. Tissue Engineering Approaches in the Design of Healthy and Pathological In Vitro Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:40. [PMID: 28798911 PMCID: PMC5526851 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tissue engineering (TE) paradigm, engineering and life sciences tools are combined to develop bioartificial substitutes for organs and tissues, which can in turn be applied in regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and basic research to elucidate fundamental aspects of cell functions in vivo or to identify mechanisms involved in aging processes and disease onset and progression. The complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment in which cells are organized in vivo allows the interaction between different cell types and between cells and the extracellular matrix, the composition of which varies as a function of the tissue, the degree of maturation, and health conditions. In this context, 3D in vitro models can more realistically reproduce a tissue or organ than two-dimensional (2D) models. Moreover, they can overcome the limitations of animal models and reduce the need for in vivo tests, according to the "3Rs" guiding principles for a more ethical research. The design of 3D engineered tissue models is currently in its development stage, showing high potential in overcoming the limitations of already available models. However, many issues are still opened, concerning the identification of the optimal scaffold-forming materials, cell source and biofabrication technology, and the best cell culture conditions (biochemical and physical cues) to finely replicate the native tissue and the surrounding environment. In the near future, 3D tissue-engineered models are expected to become useful tools in the preliminary testing and screening of drugs and therapies and in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease onset and progression. In this review, the application of TE principles to the design of in vitro 3D models will be surveyed, with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of this emerging approach. In addition, a brief overview on the development of in vitro models of healthy and pathological bone, heart, pancreas, and liver will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caddeo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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15
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Bowman CM, Benet LZ. Hepatic Clearance Predictions from In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation and the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1731-1735. [PMID: 27519549 PMCID: PMC11024986 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters such as clearance from in vitro data is a crucial part of the drug-development process. There is a commonly cited trend that drugs that are highly protein-bound and are substrates for hepatic uptake transporters often yield the worst predictions. Given this information, 11 different data sets using human microsomes and hepatocytes were evaluated to search for trends in accuracy, extent of protein binding, and drug classification based on the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS), which makes predictions about transporter effects. As previously reported, both in vitro systems (microsomes and hepatocytes) gave a large number of inaccurate results, defined as predictions falling more than 2-fold outside of in vivo values. The weighted average of the percentage of inaccuracy was 66.5%. BDDCS class 2 drugs, which are subject to transporter effects in vivo unlike class 1 compounds, had a higher percentage of inaccurate predictions and often had slightly larger bias. However, since the weighted average of the percentage of inaccuracy was still high in both classes (81.9% for class 2 and 62.3% for class 1), it may be currently hard to use BDDCS class to predict potential accuracy. The results of this study emphasize the need for improved in vitro to in vivo extrapolation experimental methods, as using physiologically based scaling is still not accurate, and BDDCS cannot currently help predict accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Bowman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
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16
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Taylor SJ, Demont EH, Gray J, Deeks N, Patel A, Nguyen D, Taylor M, Hood S, Watson RJ, Bit RA, McClure F, Ashall H, Witherington J. Navigating CYP1A Induction and Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Agonism in Drug Discovery. A Case History with S1P1 Agonists. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8236-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Taylor
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emmanuel H. Demont
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James Gray
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nigel Deeks
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Aarti Patel
- PTS
DMPK, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Dung Nguyen
- PTS
DMPK, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Maxine Taylor
- PTS
DMPK, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Steve Hood
- PTS
DMPK, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Robert J. Watson
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rino A. Bit
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Fiona McClure
- Safety
Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Holly Ashall
- Safety
Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - Jason Witherington
- Immuno-Inflammation
Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
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17
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Tales from the war on error: the art and science of curating QSAR data. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:897-910. [PMID: 26290258 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Curating the data underlying quantitative structure-activity relationship models is a never-ending struggle. Some curation can now be automated but much cannot, especially where data as complex as those pertaining to molecular absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity are concerned (vide infra). The authors discuss some particularly challenging problem areas in terms of specific examples involving experimental context, incompleteness of data, confusion of units, problematic nomenclature, tautomerism, and misapplication of automated structure recognition tools.
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18
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Proposing advancement criteria for efficient DMPK triage of new chemical entities. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:131-9. [PMID: 24467240 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of refining our discovery DMPK workflow, we conducted a retrospective analysis on internal Celgene compounds by calculating the physicochemical properties and gathering data from several assays including solubility, rat and human liver S9 stability, Caco-2 permeability, and rat intravenous (iv.) and oral pharmacokinetics. Our analysis identified plasma clearance to be most statistically relevant for prediction of oral exposure. In rat, compounds with rat S9 stability of ≥70% at 60 min and a plasma clearance of ≤43 ml/min/kg had the greatest chance of achieving oral exposures above 3 µM.h. Compounds with the dual advantage of plasma clearance ≤43 ml/min/kg and Caco-2 permeability ≥8 × 10(-6) cm/s or efflux ratio ≤8 were highly likely to achieve those oral exposures. Implementation of these criteria leads to a significant increase in efficiency, good pharmacokinetic properties, cost savings and a reduction in the use of animals.
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19
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Hosey CM, Broccatelli F, Benet LZ. Predicting when biliary excretion of parent drug is a major route of elimination in humans. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:1085-96. [PMID: 25004821 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biliary excretion is an important route of elimination for many drugs, yet measuring the extent of biliary elimination is difficult, invasive, and variable. Biliary elimination has been quantified for few drugs with a limited number of subjects, who are often diseased patients. An accurate prediction of which drugs or new molecular entities are significantly eliminated in the bile may predict potential drug-drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities. The Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) characterizes significant routes of drug elimination, identifies potential transporter effects, and is useful in understanding drug-drug interactions. Class 1 and 2 drugs are primarily eliminated in humans via metabolism and will not exhibit significant biliary excretion of parent compound. In contrast, class 3 and 4 drugs are primarily excreted unchanged in the urine or bile. Here, we characterize the significant elimination route of 105 orally administered class 3 and 4 drugs. We introduce and validate a novel model, predicting significant biliary elimination using a simple classification scheme. The model is accurate for 83% of 30 drugs collected after model development. The model corroborates the observation that biliarily eliminated drugs have high molecular weights, while demonstrating the necessity of considering route of administration and extent of metabolism when predicting biliary excretion. Interestingly, a predictor of potential metabolism significantly improves predictions of major elimination routes of poorly metabolized drugs. This model successfully predicts the major elimination route for poorly permeable/poorly metabolized drugs and may be applied prior to human dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Hosey
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 533 Parnassus Ave., Room U-68, San Francisco, California, 94143-0912, USA
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20
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'In silico' simulations to assess the 'in vivo' consequences of 'in vitro' metabolic drug-drug interactions. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 1:441-8. [PMID: 24981625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, metabolic drug-drug interactions (M-DDI) have raised some high-profile problems in drug development resulting in restricted use, withdrawal or non-approval by regulatory agencies. The use of in vitro technologies to evaluate the potential for M-DDI has become routine in the drug development process. Nevertheless, in the absence of an integrated approach, their interpretation and value remains the subject of debate, and the vital distinction between a useful "simulation" and a precise "prediction" is not often appreciated. Various in silico softwares are now available for the simulation of M-DDI. However, a concerted effort by the industry is necessary to evaluate their use. The FDA has recently emphasised the importance of such collaboration to improve the crucial path to development of new drugs. In silico simulation of M-DDI has the potential to add significant value to this process.:
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21
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Smith GR, Brenneman DE, Zhang Y, Du Y, Reitz AB. Small-molecule anticonvulsant agents with potent in vitro neuroprotection and favorable drug-like properties. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 52:446-58. [PMID: 24277343 PMCID: PMC3945118 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe seizure activity is associated with reoccurring cycles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress that result in progressive neuronal damage and death. Intervention with these pathological processes is a compelling disease-modifying strategy for the treatment of seizure disorders. We have optimized a series of small molecules for neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity as well as altered their physical properties to address potential metabolic liabilities, to improve CNS penetration, and to prolong the duration of action in vivo. Utilizing phenotypic screening of hippocampal cultures with nutrient medium depleted of antioxidants as a disease model, cell death and decreased neuronal viability produced by acute treatment with glutamate or hydrogen peroxide were prevented. Modifications to our previously reported proof of concept compounds have resulted in a lead which has full neuroprotective action at <1 nM and antiseizure activity across six animal models including the kindled rat and displays excellent pharmacokinetics including high exposure to the brain. These modifications have also eliminated the requirement for a chiral molecule, removing the possibility of racemization and making large-scale synthesis more easily accessible. These studies strengthen our earlier findings which indicate that potent, multifunctional neuroprotective anticonvulsants are feasible within a single molecular entity which also possesses favorable CNS-active drug properties in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry R Smith
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA,
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Bourdon F, Lecoeur M, Lebègue N, Gressier B, Luyckx M, Odou P, Dine T, Goossens JF, Kambia N. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Novel Benzopyridooxathiazepine Derivative as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Pharmacology 2014; 94:170-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000368084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the introduction of several high-quality review articles into the literature covering various scientific and technical aspects of bioanalysis. Now it is widely accepted that bioanalysis is an integral part of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characterization of a novel chemical entity from the time of its discovery and during various stages of drug development, leading to its market authorization. In this compilation, the important bioanalytical parameters and its application to drug discovery and development approaches are discussed, which will help in the development of safe and more efficacious drugs with reduced development time and cost. It is intended to give some general thoughts in this area which will form basis of a general framework as to how one would approach bioanalysis from inception (i.e., discovery of a lead molecule) and progressing through various stages of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Elaut G, Török G, Papeleu P, Vanhaecke T, Laus G, Tourwé D, Rogiers V. Rat hepatocyte suspensions as a suitable in vitro model for studying the biotransformation of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Altern Lab Anim 2013; 32 Suppl 1A:105-12. [PMID: 23577441 DOI: 10.1177/026119290403201s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of liver-derived in vitro systems for biotransformation studies during early drug development, as exemplified by the two molecules recently studied in our laboratory: Trichostatin A (TSA) and its structural analogue 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)aminovaleric acid hydroxamide (4-Me2N-BAVAH). Phase I biotransformation of TSA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor with promising antifibrotic and antitumoural properties, was investigated in liver microsomal (rat and human) and in hepatocyte (rat) suspensions. Within 40 minutes, 50 microM of TSA was completely metabolised by 2 x 10(6) hepatocytes/ml. Reduction of the hydroxamic acid function to its corresponding amide and N-demethylation were the two major phase I biotransformation pathways, while hydrolysis products of TSA were minor metabolites. Lower concentrations of TSA (5 microM and 25 microM) were N-demethylated faster. Liver microsomes, however, metabolised TSA incompletely with the formation of two major metabolites, N-mono- and N-didemethylated TSA. Unlike TSA, 4-Me2N-BAVAH (50 microM) could still be detected after 3 hours of incubation with 2 x 10(6) rat hepatocytes/ml suspension. Hydrolysis and reduction of the hydroxamic acid function to its corresponding acid and amide, respectively, were shown to be the major phase I biotransformation pathways. Lower concentrations of 4-Me2N-BAVAH were hydrolysed more readily. 4-Me2N-BAVAH and its metabolites were less subjected to N-demethylation than TSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greetje Elaut
- Department of Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Li N, Qiu Z, Wang X, Li T, Ji H, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhao D, Chen X. Pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs and in vitro metabolism of ZJM-289, a novel nitric dioxide donor. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:59-69. [PMID: 23773000 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.805854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim was to evaluate the prodrug hypothesis by investigating the pharmacokinetics of ZJM-289 and its pharmacological metabolite 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs following intravenous and intragastric administration of ZJM-289. The in vitro metabolic patterns in plasma and microsomal system were assessed to elucidate PK properties. 2. In rats, ZJM-289 was eliminated rapidly (t1/2 = 19.2 ± 3.85 min), along with the fast formation of NBP (formation rate constant ka = 0.29 ± 0.092 min(-1) for intravenous group, and ka = 0.16 ± 0.064 min(-1) for intragastric group), accounting for about 47.4 ± 4.0% of ZJM-289. Both ZJM-289 (t1/2 = 239 ± 70.4 min) and NBP (t1/2 = 249 ± 39.0 min) were depleted slowly in Beagle dogs, with NBP formation rate constant at 0.12 ± 0.052 min(-1) (ka = 0.15 ± 0.040 min(-1) for intragastric group). 3. In rat plasma, ZJM-289 was degraded rapidly (t1/2 = 24.3 ± 0.93 min) at 37 °C, but remained stable with almost no cleavage in dog and human plasma. In hepatic microsomes from rat, dog and human, the hydrolysis metabolites including the active metabolite NBP (M5), and their subsequent hydroxylation and conjugate metabolite, were all detected but varied greatly in the quantities. 4. The findings testified the prodrug design hypothesis that ZJM-289 could be hydrolyzed to NBP. The pharmacokinetic profiles in both rats and dogs brought useful information in the pharmacokinetics prediction in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
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Krieger IV, Freundlich JS, Gawandi VB, Roberts JP, Gawandi VB, Sun Q, Owen JL, Fraile MT, Huss SI, Lavandera JL, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini JC. Structure-guided discovery of phenyl-diketo acids as potent inhibitors of M. tuberculosis malate synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1556-67. [PMID: 23261599 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The glyoxylate shunt plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism and has been shown to be critical to survival of several pathogens involved in chronic infections. For Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a strain with a defective glyoxylate shunt was previously shown to be unable to establish infection in a mouse model. We report the development of phenyl-diketo acid (PDKA) inhibitors of malate synthase (GlcB), one of two glyoxylate shunt enzymes, using structure-based methods. PDKA inhibitors were active against Mtb grown on acetate, and overexpression of GlcB ameliorated this inhibition. Crystal structures of complexes of GlcB with PDKA inhibitors guided optimization of potency. A selected PDKA compound demonstrated efficacy in a mouse model of tuberculosis. The discovery of these PDKA derivatives provides chemical validation of GlcB as an attractive target for tuberculosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna V Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Bourdon F, Lecoeur M, Verones V, Vaccher C, Lebegue N, Dine T, Kambia N, Goossens JF. In vitro pharmacokinetic profile of a benzopyridooxathiazepine derivative using rat microsomes and hepatocytes: identification of phases I and II metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 80:69-78. [PMID: 23528331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro metabolic behavior of a benzopyridooxathiazepine (BZN), a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, was investigated by liquid chromatography-UV detection (LC-UV). First, simple and fast LC-UV methods have been optimized and validated to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of BZN using rat liver microsomes or hepatocytes primary cultures suspensions. Whatever the medium investigated, baseline resolution between the internal standard and BZN was achieved in a run time less than 15min using a Symmetry ODS column (150mm×4.6mm i.d., 5μm) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water/formic acid 60:40:0.1 (v/v/v). Linearity was assessed in the 0.1-50μM and in the 0.05-5μM concentration ranges, respectively, in microsomal and hepatocyte matrix. According to the novel strategy based on the build of the accuracy profile, total error of the developed methods was included within the ±10% limits of acceptance. Then, from incubation of BZN with both liver microsomes and or hepatocytes, structural informations on phase I and phase II metabolites were acquired using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray orbitrap mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Mass spectrum, double bond equivalent and elemental composition were useful data to access to the chemical structure of each metabolite. In microsomal suspension, four main metabolites were observed including monohydroxylation and dihydroxylation of the benzopyridooxathiazepine core, demethylation of the methoxyphenyl moiety, as well as their combinations. The phase II metabolites detected in hepatocytes suspension were the glucuronide adducts of both demethylated BZN and mono-oxygenated BZN. Based on the structural elucidation of the metabolites detected, we proposed an in vitro metabolic pathway of BZN, a new tubulin polymerization inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Bourdon
- Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, EA GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
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Hsiao YW, Fagerholm U, Norinder U. In Silico Categorization of in Vivo Intrinsic Clearance Using Machine Learning. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300484r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsiao
- AstraZeneca Research and Development
Södertälje,
SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Urban Fagerholm
- AstraZeneca Research and Development
Södertälje,
SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ulf Norinder
- AstraZeneca Research and Development
Södertälje,
SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
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Schrezenmeier E, Zollmann FS, Seidel K, Böhm C, Schmerbach K, Kroh M, Kirsch S, Klare S, Bernhard S, Kappert K, Goldin-Lang P, Skuballa W, Unger T, Funke-Kaiser H. Moderate correlations of in vitro versus in vivo pharmacokinetics questioning the need of early microsomal stability testing. Pharmacology 2012; 90:307-15. [PMID: 23037500 DOI: 10.1159/000343241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Putative in vitro-in vivo correlations of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters are regarded as a prerequisite to filter hits derived from high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches for subsequent murine in vivo PK studies. METHODS In this study, we assessed stabilities in rat and human microsomes of 121 compounds from an early, academic drug discovery programme targeting the (pro)renin receptor and correlated the respective data with single-dose, in vivo PK parameters of 22 hits administered intravenously in rats. RESULTS After transformation of in vitro half-lives to predicted in vivo hepatic clearances, r(2) regarding in vitro-in vivo clearance correlations were 0.31 and 0.27 for the rat and human species, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data concerning structurally diverse real-world compounds indicate that microsomal stability testing is not a tool to triage early compounds for in vivo PK testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schrezenmeier
- Center for Cardiovascular Research/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zakharov AV, Peach ML, Sitzmann M, Filippov IV, McCartney HJ, Smith LH, Pugliese A, Nicklaus MC. Computational tools and resources for metabolism-related property predictions. 2. Application to prediction of half-life time in human liver microsomes. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1933-44. [PMID: 23088274 PMCID: PMC4117347 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important factor affecting metabolic excretion of compounds from the body is their half-life time. This provides an indication of compound stability of, for example, drug molecules. We report on our efforts to develop QSAR models for metabolic stability of compounds, based on in vitro half-life assay data measured in human liver microsomes. METHOD A variety of QSAR models generated using different statistical methods and descriptor sets implemented in both open-source and commercial programs (KNIME, GUSAR and StarDrop) were analyzed. The models obtained were compared using four different external validation sets from public and commercial data sources, including two smaller sets of in vivo half-life data in humans. CONCLUSION In many cases, the accuracy of prediction achieved on one external test set did not correspond to the results achieved with another test set. The most predictive models were used for predicting the metabolic stability of compounds from the open NCI database, the results of which are publicly available on the NCI/CADD Group web server ( http://cactus.nci.nih.gov ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zakharov
- CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, SAICF-rederick, SAIC, Inc., CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Markus Sitzmann
- CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Igor V Filippov
- Basic Science Program, SAICF-rederick, SAIC, Inc., CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Heather J McCartney
- CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Angelo Pugliese
- CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Computer-Aided Drug Design at Cancer Research UK, Beatson Laboratories, Drug Discovery Programme, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Marc C Nicklaus
- CADD Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 376, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Brenneman DE, Smith GR, Zhang Y, Du Y, Kondaveeti SK, Zdilla MJ, Reitz AB. Small molecule anticonvulsant agents with potent in vitro neuroprotection. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:368-79. [PMID: 22535312 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe seizure activity is associated with recurring cycles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress that result in progressive neuronal damage and death. Intervention to halt these pathological processes is a compelling disease-modifying strategy for the treatment of seizure disorders. In the present study, a core small molecule with anticonvulsant activity has been structurally optimized for neuroprotection. Phenotypic screening of rat hippocampal cultures with nutrient medium depleted of antioxidants was utilized as a disease model. Increased cell death and decreased neuronal viability produced by acute treatment with glutamate or hydrogen peroxide were prevented by our novel molecules. The neuroprotection associated with this chemical series has marked structure activity relationships that focus on modification of the benzylic position of a 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfamide core structure. Complete separation between anticonvulsant activity and neuroprotective action was dependent on substitution at the benzylic carbon. Chiral selectivity was evident in that the S-enantiomer of the benzylic hydroxy group had neither neuroprotective nor anticonvulsant activity, while the R-enantiomer of the lead compound had full neuroprotective action at <40 nM and antiseizure activity in three animal models. These studies indicate that potent, multifunctional neuroprotective anticonvulsants are feasible within a single molecular entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Brenneman
- Advanced Neural Dynamics, Inc., Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
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Discovery of GSK1997132B a novel centrally penetrant benzimidazole PPARγ partial agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5568-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Allan AC, Billinton A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Eatherton AJ, Fieldhouse C, Giblin GM, Goldsmith P, Hall A, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Rawlings DA, Sime M, Scoccitti T, Theobald PJ. Discovery of a novel series of nonacidic benzofuran EP1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4343-8. [PMID: 21676612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bucher J, Riedmaier S, Schnabel A, Marcus K, Vacun G, Weiss TS, Thasler WE, Nüssler AK, Zanger UM, Reuss M. A systems biology approach to dynamic modeling and inter-subject variability of statin pharmacokinetics in human hepatocytes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:66. [PMID: 21548957 PMCID: PMC3117731 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The individual character of pharmacokinetics is of great importance in the risk assessment of new drug leads in pharmacological research. Amongst others, it is severely influenced by the properties and inter-individual variability of the enzymes and transporters of the drug detoxification system of the liver. Predicting individual drug biotransformation capacity requires quantitative and detailed models. Results In this contribution we present the de novo deterministic modeling of atorvastatin biotransformation based on comprehensive published knowledge on involved metabolic and transport pathways as well as physicochemical properties. The model was evaluated on primary human hepatocytes and parameter identifiability analysis was performed under multiple experimental constraints. Dynamic simulations of atorvastatin biotransformation considering the inter-individual variability of the two major involved enzymes CYP3A4 and UGT1A3 based on quantitative protein expression data in a large human liver bank (n = 150) highlighted the variability in the individual biotransformation profiles and therefore also points to the individuality of pharmacokinetics. Conclusions A dynamic model for the biotransformation of atorvastatin has been developed using quantitative metabolite measurements in primary human hepatocytes. The model comprises kinetics for transport processes and metabolic enzymes as well as population liver expression data allowing us to assess the impact of inter-individual variability of concentrations of key proteins. Application of computational tools for parameter sensitivity analysis enabled us to considerably improve the validity of the model and to create a consistent framework for precise computer-aided simulations in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bucher
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Allmandring, and Center Systems Biology, Nobelstraße, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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Mallari JP, Zhu F, Lemoff A, Kaiser M, Lu M, Brun R, Guy RK. Optimization of purine-nitrile TbcatB inhibitors for use in vivo and evaluation of efficacy in murine models. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8302-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Identification of 2-oxo-N-(phenylmethyl)-4-imidazolidinecarboxamide antagonists of the P2X7 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abdi MH, Beswick PJ, Billinton A, Chambers LJ, Charlton A, Collins SD, Collis KL, Dean DK, Fonfria E, Gleave RJ, Lejeune CL, Livermore DG, Medhurst SJ, Michel AD, Moses AP, Page L, Patel S, Roman SA, Senger S, Slingsby B, Steadman JG, Stevens AJ, Walter DS. Discovery and structure–activity relationships of a series of pyroglutamic acid amide antagonists of the P2X7 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5080-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Gleave RJ, Walter DS, Beswick PJ, Fonfria E, Michel AD, Roman SA, Tang SP. Synthesis and biological activity of a series of tetrasubstituted-imidazoles as P2X(7) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4951-4. [PMID: 20634071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogues of the pyrazole lead 1 were synthesized in which the heterocyclic core was replaced with an imidazole. A number of potent antagonists were identified and structure-activity relationships (SAR) were investigated both with respect to activity at the P2X(7) receptor and in vitro metabolic stability. Compound 10 was identified as a potent P2X(7) antagonist with reduced in vitro metabolism and high solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gleave
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Beswick PJ, Billinton A, Chambers LJ, Dean DK, Fonfria E, Gleave RJ, Medhurst SJ, Michel AD, Moses AP, Patel S, Roman SA, Roomans S, Senger S, Stevens AJ, Walter DS. Structure-activity relationships and in vivo activity of (1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide antagonists of the P2X(7) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4653-6. [PMID: 20579878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of analogues of lead compound 1 were investigated and compound 16 was selected for further study in animal models of pain. Compound 16 was shown to be a potent antihyperalgesic agent in both the rat acute complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain [Iadarola, M. J.; Douglass, J.; Civelli, O.; Naranjo, J. R. rain Res.1988, 455, 205] and the knee joint model of chronic inflammatory pain [Wilson, A. W.; Medhurst, S. J.; Dixon, C. I.; Bontoft, N. C.; Winyard, L. A.; Brackenborough, K. T.; De Alba, J.; Clarke, C. J.; Gunthorpe, M. J.; Hicks, G. A.; Bountra, C.; McQueen, D. S.; Chessell, I. P. Eur. J. Pain2006, 10, 537].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Beswick
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
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Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a series of (1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide antagonists of the P2X7 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3161-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fagerholm U. Prediction of human pharmacokinetics—evaluation of methods for prediction of hepatic metabolic clearance. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:803-28. [PMID: 17637173 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methods for prediction of hepatic clearance (CLH) in man have been evaluated. A physiologically-based in-vitro to in-vivo (PB-IVIV) method with human unbound fraction in blood (fu,bl) and hepatocyte intrinsic clearance (CLint)-data has a good rationale and appears to give the best predictions (maximum ∼2-fold errors; < 25% errors for half of CL-predictions; appropriate ranking). Inclusion of an empirical scaling factor is, however, needed, and reasons include the use of cryopreserved hepatocytes with low activity, and inappropriate CLint- and fu,bl-estimation methods. Thus, an improvement of this methodology is possible and required. Neglect of fu,bl or incorporation of incubation binding does not seem appropriate. When microsome CLint-data are used with this approach, the CLH is underpredicted by 5- to 9-fold on average, and a 106-fold underprediction (attrition potential) has been observed. The poor performance could probably be related to permeation, binding and low metabolic activity. Inclusion of scaling factors and neglect of fu,bl for basic and neutral compounds improve microsome predictions. The performance is, however, still not satisfactory. Allometry incorrectly assumes that the determinants for CLH relate to body weight and overpredicts human liver blood flow rate. Consequently, allometric methods have poor predictability. Simple allometry has an average overprediction potential, > 2-fold errors for ∼1/3 of predictions, and 140-fold underprediction to 5800-fold overprediction (potential safety risk) range. In-silico methodologies are available, but these need further development. Acceptable prediction errors for compounds with low and high CLH should be ∼50 and ∼10%, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that PB-IVIV with human hepatocyte CLint and fu,bl is applied and improved, limits for acceptable errors are decreased, and that animal CLH-studies and allometry are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Fagerholm
- Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden.
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Sage WM. Will embryonic stem cells change health policy? THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2010; 38:342-351. [PMID: 20579256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells are actively debated in political and public policy arenas. However, the connections between stem cell innovation and overall health care policy are seldom elucidated. As with many controversial aspects of medical care, the stem cell debate bridges to a variety of social conversations beyond abortion. Some issues, such as translational medicine, commercialization, patient and public safety, health care spending, physician practice, and access to insurance and health care services, are core health policy concerns. Other issues, such as economic development, technologic progress, fiscal politics, and tort reform, are only indirectly related to the health care system but are frequently seen through a health care lens. These connections will help determine whether the stem cell debate reaches a resolution, and what that resolution might be.
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Synthesis and evaluation of 3-amino-6-aryl-pyridazines as selective CB2 agonists for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:465-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gleave RJ, Beswick PJ, Brown AJ, Giblin GM, Haslam CP, Livermore D, Moses A, Nicholson NH, Page LW, Slingsby B, Swarbrick ME. 2-Amino-5-aryl-pyridines as selective CB2 agonists: Synthesis and investigation of structure–activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6578-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Giblin GMP, Billinton A, Briggs M, Brown AJ, Chessell IP, Clayton NM, Eatherton AJ, Goldsmith P, Haslam C, Johnson MR, Mitchell WL, Naylor A, Perboni A, Slingsby BP, Wilson AW. Discovery of 1-[4-(3-chlorophenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-7-yl]-1-morpholin-4-ylmethanone (GSK554418A), a brain penetrant 5-azaindole CB2 agonist for the treatment of chronic pain. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5785-8. [PMID: 19743867 DOI: 10.1021/jm9009857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and SAR of a series of novel azaindole CB(2) agonists. 6-Azaindole 18 showed activity in an acute pain model but was inactive in a chronic model. 18 is a Pgp substrate with low brain penetration. The template was redesigned, and the resulting 5-azaindole 36 was a potent CB(2) agonist with high CNS penetration. This compound was efficacious in the acute model and the chronic joint pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M P Giblin
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Zhang X, Galinsky RE, Kimura RE, Quinney SK, Jones DR, Hall SD. Inhibition of CYP3A by Erythromycin: In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:61-72. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Steventon GB, Mitchell SC. Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase and the role of endobiotic metabolism enzymes in xenobiotic biotransformation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009; 5:1213-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903179318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hall A, Billinton A, Brown SH, Chowdhury A, Clayton NM, Giblin GMP, Gibson M, Goldsmith PA, Hurst DN, Naylor A, Peet CF, Scoccitti T, Wilson AW, Winchester W. Discovery of sodium 6-[(5-chloro-2-{[(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxy}phenyl)methyl]-2-pyridinecarboxylate (GSK269984A) an EP1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2599-603. [PMID: 19332369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
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Jones HM, Gardner IB, Watson KJ. Modelling and PBPK simulation in drug discovery. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:155-66. [PMID: 19280352 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are composed of a series of differential equations and have been implemented in a number of commercial software packages. These models require species-specific and compound-specific input parameters and allow for the prediction of plasma and tissue concentration time profiles after intravenous and oral administration of compounds to animals and humans. PBPK models allow the early integration of a wide variety of preclinical data into a mechanistic quantitative framework. Use of PBPK models allows the experimenter to gain insights into the properties of a compound, helps to guide experimental efforts at the early stages of drug discovery, and enables the prediction of human plasma concentration time profiles with minimal (and in some cases no) animal data. In this review, the application and limitations of PBPK techniques in drug discovery are discussed. Specific reference is made to its utility (1) at the lead development stage for the prioritization of compounds for animal PK studies and (2) at the clinical candidate selection and "first in human" stages for the prediction of human PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Jones
- Pfizer Global R&D, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, IPC 654, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
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Sarawek S, Li L, Yu X, Rooney S, Nouraldeen A, Moran L, Rodriguez L, Zhang J, Wilson A. Examination of the Utility of the High Throughput In Vitro Metabolic Stability Assay to Estimate In Vivo Clearance in the Mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2174/1874073100903010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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