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Cha YE, Ro WB, Song SJ, Lee MK, Kang MH, Park HM. Case report: A novel occurrence of persistent left cranial vena cava coexisting with polycystic kidney disease in a cat. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1268493. [PMID: 37869489 PMCID: PMC10585034 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1268493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old castrated male Munchkin cat was presented with anorexia. This cat had been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney disease. Tachycardia with a systolic murmur (grade III/VI) was auscultated and for further diagnosis, echocardiography was performed. Based on echocardiography, persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) was suspected due to enlargement of the coronary sinus and confirmed by saline contrast echocardiography. The dilated coronary sinus compressed the left atrium, and left ventricular hypertrophy with the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, aortic regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation were identified. After medical management using atenolol, left atrial function and other hemodynamics of the heart were improved, including the disappearance of regurgitation and normalization of left ventricular wall thickness. This case report describes the echocardiographic characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and disease progression in a cat with PLCVC after medical management using atenolol. Additionally, this is the first report of a cat with PLCVC, coexisting with polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Cha
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Bin Ro
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ji Song
- Cat Vet Animal Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Cat Vet Animal Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Bio-animal Care, Jangan University, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shitamori F, Nonogaki A, Motegi T, Matsumoto Y, Sakamoto M, Tanizawa Y, Nakamura Y, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y, Maeda S. Large-scale epidemiological study on feline autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and identification of novel PKD1 gene variants. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231185393. [PMID: 37489504 PMCID: PMC10812055 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231185393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited disease in cats. In most cases, the responsible abnormality is a nonsense single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 29 of the PKD1 gene (chrE3:g.42858112C>A, the conventional PKD1 variant). The aim of this study was to conduct a large-scale epidemiological study of ADPKD caused by the conventional PKD1 variant in Japan and to search for novel polymorphisms by targeted resequencing of the PKD1 using a next-generation sequencer. METHODS A total of 1281 cats visiting the Veterinary Medical Center of the University of Tokyo were included in this study. DNA was extracted from the blood of each cat. We established a novel TaqMan real-time PCR genotyping assay for the conventional PKD1 variant, and all cases were examined for the presence of this variant. Targeted resequencing of all exons of the PKD1 was performed on the DNA of 23 cats with the conventional PKD1 variant, six cats diagnosed with cystic kidneys but without this variant, and 61 wild-type normal cats. RESULTS Among the 1281 cats examined in this study, 23 (1.8%) harboured the conventional PKD1 variant. The odds of having the conventional PKD1 variant were significantly higher in Persian cats, Scottish Folds and Exotic Shorthairs than in the other breeds, although the number of cases in each breed was small. Furthermore, we identified four variants unique to cats with cystic kidneys that were not found in wild-type normal cats, all of which were in exon 15. In particular, two (chrE:g.42848725delC, pGly1641fs and chrE:g.42850283C>T, pArg2162Trp) were candidate variants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study revealed that the conventional PKD1 variant was prevalent in Scottish Fold, Persian and Exotic Shorthair breeds in Japan, and variants in exon 15 of PKD1, in addition to the conventional variant in exon 29, would be key factors in the pathogenesis of ADPKD in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Shitamori
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nonogaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mika Sakamoto
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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King EM, Pappano M, Lorbach SK, Green EM, Parker VJ, Schreeg ME. Severe polycystic liver disease in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231216859. [PMID: 38146394 PMCID: PMC10749525 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231216859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary Ductal plate malformations (DPMs) are poorly documented in the veterinary literature, particularly those of the polycystic liver disease (PCLD) phenotype. A 13-year-old female spayed cat presented with progressive icterus, abdominal distension, weight loss and elevated liver enzymes. Initial empirical treatment consisting of amoxicillin/clavulanate, ursodiol and later prednisolone was attempted; however, clinical signs progressed. On abdominal ultrasound, numerous large hepatic cystic masses were noted, characterized by an anechoic center with a heterogeneous, hyperechoic wall. A post-mortem examination confirmed numerous hepatic cysts, the larger of which resulted in hemorrhage and subsequent hemoabdomen. Histologically, these cysts were determined to be of biliary origin, and a diagnosis of PCLD was assigned. Relevance and novel information Herein, we present a detailed report of clinical, gross and histologic findings in a cat clinically affected by PCLD. This case demonstrates that cysts present in this congenital disease can ultimately lead to hepatobiliary malfunction and clinical decline via marked expansion of cysts, compression of the liver and hemoabdomen from cyst rupture. DPMs, specifically PCLD, should be considered in cats presenting with multifocal large hepatic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M King
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Pappano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah K Lorbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric M Green
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Megan E Schreeg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Feline Cyst-like Lymphocytic Cholangiohepatitis in a Cat: First Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233278. [PMID: 36496797 PMCID: PMC9735475 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old female neutered domestic short-haired cat presented with abdominal enlargement. An abdominal ultrasound revealed that large multiple hepatic cysts with irregular walls, hypoechoic fluid, and internal septations occupied most of the liver parenchyma. Serum liver enzymes, bilirubin, and bile acids concentrations were within normal limits. A fecal examination using simple floatation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques was negative for liver fluke (Platynosomum fastosum), intestinal protozoa, and other helminth eggs. Praziquantel was prescribed for two distinct courses one month apart without obvious improvement of the hepatic cysts. An abdominal laparotomy and histopathological examination finally enabled diagnosis of cyst-like lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis of the liver tissue. Twelve weeks of oral prednisolone resulted in marked ultrasonographic improvement of the hepatic cysts. The liver parenchyma was heterogeneous and filled with multiple small anechoic cavities. Twenty-three months after ceasing the prednisolone, there was no recurrence of hepatic cysts.
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Vagias M, Chanoit G, Bubenik-Angapen LJ, Gibson EA, de Rooster H, Singh A, Scharf VF, Grimes JA, Wallace ML, Kummeling A, Flanders JA, Evangelou G, Mullins RA. Perioperative characteristics, histologic diagnosis, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing percutaneous drainage, sclerotherapy or surgical management of intrarenal cystic lesions: 18 dogs (2004-2021). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:233. [PMID: 35718776 PMCID: PMC9208150 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/- omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/- omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004 to 2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs. RESULTS Eighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing > 1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Benign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Vagias
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Section of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | - Erin A Gibson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Science, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mandy L Wallace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James A Flanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Georgios Evangelou
- AnimalCare Veterinary Center, 30 D-E, Glyfadas, Strovolos, 2023, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ronan A Mullins
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Section of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Schirrer L, Marín-García PJ, Llobat L. Feline Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Update. Vet Sci 2021; 8:269. [PMID: 34822642 PMCID: PMC8625840 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a disease that affects felines and other mammals, such as humans. The common name is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and causes a progressive development of fluid-filled cysts in the kidney and sometimes in other organs as the liver and pancreas. The formation and growth of cysts progress slowly, causing deterioration of kidney tissue and a gradual decrease in kidney function, leading to irreversible kidney failure. Feline PKD or ADPKD in humans are hereditary pathologies of autosomal dominant transmission. ADPKD is one of the genetic diseases with the highest prevalence in humans. In cats, this disease also has a high prevalence, mainly in the Persian breed, being one of the most common feline genetic diseases. Imaging tests seem to be the most reliable method for diagnosis of the disease, although more genetic tests are being developed to detect the presence of the responsible mutation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about feline PKD to guide future research related to an adequate diagnosis and early detection of causal mutations. It can allow the establishment of selection programs to reduce or eliminate this pathology in feline breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Sciences and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Sciences and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
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Seibert LM, Center SA, Randolph JF, Miller ML, Miller AD, Choi E, Flanders JA, Harvey HJ. Relationships between congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia or congenital central diaphragmatic hernia and ductal plate malformations in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1009-1024. [PMID: 34647474 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.9.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the association between peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) or congenital central diaphragmatic hernia (CCDH) and ductal plate malformations (DPMs) in dogs and cats. ANIMALS 18 dogs and 18 cats with PPDH or CCDH and 19 dogs and 18 cats without PPDH or CCDH. PROCEDURES Evaluation of clinical details verified PPDH or CCDH and survival times. Histologic features of nonherniated liver samples were used to categorize DPM. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin-19 distinguished bile duct profiles per portal tract and for Ki-67-assessed cholangiocyte proliferation. Histologic features of herniated liver samples from PPDH or CCDH were compared with those of pathological controls (traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, n = 6; liver lobe torsion, 6; ischemic hepatopathy, 2). RESULTS DPM occurred in 13 of 18 dogs with the proliferative-like phenotype predominating and in 15 of 18 cats with evenly distributed proliferative-like and Caroli phenotypes. Congenital hepatic fibrosis DPM was noted in 3 dogs and 2 cats and renal DPM in 3 dogs and 3 cats. No signalment, clinical signs, or clinicopathologic features discriminated DPM. Kaplan Meier survival curves were similar in dogs and cats. Bile duct profiles per portal tract in dogs (median, 5.0; range, 1.4 to 100.8) and cats (6.6; 1.9 to 11.0) with congenital diaphragmatic hernias significantly exceeded those in healthy dogs (1.4; 1.2 to 1.6) and cats (2.3; 1.7 to 2.6). Animals with DPM lacked active cholangiocyte proliferation. Histologic features characterizing malformative bile duct profiles yet without biliary proliferation were preserved in herniated liver lobes in animals with DPM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE DPM was strongly associated with PPDH and CCDH. Because DPM can impact health, awareness of its coexistence with PPDH or CCDH should prompt biopsy of nonherniated liver tissue during surgical correction of PPDH and CCDH.
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Fels L, Hungerbühler S, Dziallas P, Kramer S, Becker K, Beineke A, Mischke R. Challenging diagnostic work-up of a massive fluid-filled structure in the cranial abdomen of a cat. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:455-461. [PMID: 34638155 DOI: 10.1055/a-1518-6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old female, neutered European shorthair cat was presented with acute vomiting, obvious jaundice and painful enlargement of the abdomen. Icteric skin and mucous membranes in addition to severe bilirubinaemia (mainly direct bilirubin) and a large increase in liver enzyme activities were the main findings at the initial examination. Radio- and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed a massive fluid-filled structure caudal to the liver displacing abdominal organs, in particular the stomach. As this structure with a diameter of 8-10 cm occupied considerable space in the cranioventral abdomen, a detailed ultrasonographic examination of the liver and the gallbladder, and determination of the structure's association with a particular abdominal organ was initially impossible. Via ultrasound-assisted puncture under general anaesthesia 300 ml of an almost clear fluid could be aspirated. Cytological examination revealed a cyst content-like fluid with cell detritus.Further ultrasonographic and computed tomographic diagnostics followed by abdominal laparotomy finally enabled diagnosis of a cystic dilatation of the entire common bile duct and accumulation of white bile. Histopathological examination after euthanasia (requested by the owner) identified lymphoplasmacytic cholangitis and necrosis of the duodenal papilla. The massive dilatation of the common bile duct complicated its definite diagnosis by diagnostic imaging methods. It was most likely caused by a longer-standing obstruction of the bile flow by lymphoplasmacytic cholangitis with necrosis and granulation tissue formation in the area of the duodenal papilla. An interesting but initially misleading feature was the presence of white bile. The etiology of this extremely rare condition remains obscure but in the described case a manifestation of impaired hepatocyte function secondary to biliary stasis is suspected to be the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fels
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
| | | | - Peter Dziallas
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
| | - Sabine Kramer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
| | - Reinhard Mischke
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
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Schreeg ME, Miller SA, Cullen JM. Choledochal cyst with secondary cholangitis, choledochitis, duodenal papillitis, and pancreatitis in a young domestic shorthair cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:782-787. [PMID: 34027760 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211017107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choledochal cysts, congenital segmental dilations of the common bile duct, have been reported in few cats, and histologic characterization is lacking. A 20-mo-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented because of vomiting and weight loss. There was progressive elevation of liver enzyme activity (ALT > ALP, GGT) and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnostic imaging identified focal cystic dilation of the common bile duct, dilation and tortuosity of adjacent hepatic ducts, and a prominent duodenal papilla. A choledochal cyst was suspected, and the animal was euthanized. On postmortem examination, there was a 2-cm, firm, thickened, cystic dilation of the common bile duct, patent with adjacent ducts. Histologically, the cyst wall was expanded by fibroblasts, collagen, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Adjacent bile ducts were markedly dilated and tortuous, with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and papillary mucosal hyperplasia that extended to the major duodenal papilla. There was chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, suggesting bacterial infection and/or disturbed bile drainage, extrahepatic obstruction, and lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis with ductular metaplasia. Prominent lymphoid follicles within biliary ducts and duodenum suggested chronic antigenic stimulation. Choledochal cysts can be associated with chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, extrahepatic obstruction, choledochitis, duodenal papillitis, and pancreatitis, and should be a differential for increased hepatic enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia in young cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Schreeg
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Experimental Pathology Labs, Durham, NC, USA
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Patania OM, Troan BV, Cullen JM. Ductal Plate Malformations in Captive Snakes. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:736-742. [PMID: 33938322 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211011941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ductal plate malformations are abnormalities in the liver that arise from inappropriate or incomplete remodeling of the embryologic ductal plate. Various types of ductal plate malformations are reported in the human and veterinary literature, most commonly affecting domestic mammalian species but also fish. We investigated the occurrence and described the histopathologic features of ductal plate malformations in captive snakes. Malformations were identified in 18 snakes: 10 colubrids, 6 vipers, and 2 boids. There was no sex predilection, and the mean age was 17 years. The majority of lesions were incidental with most snakes having one or more comorbidities, most commonly neoplasia or systemic inflammation, that resulted in natural death or euthanasia. Ductal plate malformations in all livers were broadly characterized by a well-demarcated nodule of irregular bile ducts embedded within a varying amount of fibrous stroma. Malformations were further categorized based on the amount of fibrous stroma and dilation of the bile ducts as von Meyenburg complexes, cystic liver disease, and/or an intermediate hybrid subtype representative of cysts arising within von Meyenburg complexes. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, including Gomori's trichome and pan-cytokeratin, respectively, were applied on select cases to confirm histologic features. Malignant transformation was not identified within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brigid V Troan
- 6798North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC, USA
| | - John M Cullen
- 6798North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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11
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Guerra JM, Cardoso NC, Daniel AGT, Onuchic LF, Cogliati B. Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:392-397. [PMID: 32491055 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.227131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guerra
- Laboratório de Patologia Morfológica e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N C Cardoso
- Laboratório de Patologia Morfológica e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A G T Daniel
- Gattos - Clínica Especializada em Medicina Felina, Av. Vereador José Diniz, 3165, Campo Belo, CEP 04603-002, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L F Onuchic
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B Cogliati
- Laboratório de Patologia Morfológica e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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12
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Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry of a Congenital Nephromegaly Demonstrate Concurrent Features of Heritable and Acquired Cystic Nephropathies in a Girgentana Goat ( Capra falconeri). Case Rep Vet Med 2021; 2021:8749158. [PMID: 33532110 PMCID: PMC7837792 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8749158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) represent frequent congenital and adult nephropathies in humans and domestic animals. This report illustrates an uncommon state of congenital PKD in a girgentana goat (Capra falconeri). A stillborn female goat kid was submitted for postmortem examination and underwent macroscopic and microscopic examination. The kidneys showed a bilateral nephromegaly and a perpendicular polycystic altered texture of the renal parenchyma. Renal tissue sections were comprehensively investigated by histopathology (overview and special stains), immunohistochemistry (CD10, CD117, pan-cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, E-cadherin, Pax2, Pax8, and vimentin), and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). Histopathology of renal tissue sections revealed polycystic alterations of the renal parenchyma as well as conspicuous polypoid proliferates/projections of the renal tubular epithelium, which showed clear cell characteristics. Furthermore, epithelial projections were indicative for epithelio-mesenchymal-transition, cellular depolarization, and strong expression of differentiation markers Pax2, Pax8, and CD10. Ultrastructural morphology of the projections was characterized by numerous diffusely distributed, demarked round cytoplasmic structures and several apico-lateral differentiations. Additionally, hepatic malformations comprising biliary duct proliferation with saccular dilation and bridging fibrosis were observed. Notably, this report describes the first case of a congenital cystic nephropathy with overlapping features of heritable and acquired nephropathies in any species. Epithelio-mesenchymal-transition and altered cadherin expression seem to be crucial components of a suspected pathomechanism during cystogenesis.
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Griffin S. Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what's normal? what's abnormal? The kidneys and perinephric space. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 22:409-427. [PMID: 32326858 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20917598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys and perinephric space can provide important information on several conditions including chronic renal disease, hydronephrosis and perinephric pseudocyst formation. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings, such as a medullary rim sign, and pathological changes can be challenging. AIM This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased kidney and perinephric space. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. A subsequent article will address ultrasonography of the collecting system including the renal pelvis and urinary bladder. EQUIPMENT Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. EVIDENCE BASE Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Griffin
- Radiology Department, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
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14
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Griffin S. Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What's normal? What's abnormal? The pancreas. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:241-259. [PMID: 32093577 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20903599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the pancreas is a vital part of the investigation into feline pancreatic disease. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings such as nodular hyperplasia and pathological changes such as neoplasia can be challenging. AIM This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination and appearance of the normal and diseased pancreas. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. EQUIPMENT Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. EVIDENCE BASE Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Griffin
- Radiology Department, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
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15
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Masserdotti C. The cytologic features of biliary diseases: A retrospective study. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:440-450. [PMID: 32893397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologic examination, together with clinical data and instrument support, contributes to the recognition of biliary diseases. Although quantitative and qualitative changes in hepatic and biliary cells can occur, descriptions of cytologic samples from the liver affected by cholangiopathies are rare. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the quantitative and qualitative changes in cholangiocytes, hepatocytes, and inflammatory cells in cytologic samples from dogs and cats affected by histologically confirmed cholangiopathies. METHODS Cytologic samples from the liver with histologically confirmed cholangiopathies were reviewed and compared to describe the changes seen on cytology. The samples were obtained from the Archive of Clinica Veterinaria Sant'Antonio and the Laboratorio Veterinario Bresciano. Statistical analysis was not performed. RESULTS A total of 196 cytologic samples retrieved from the database fit the selection criteria, 88 from dogs, and 108 from cats. A total of eight categories of cholangiopathies have been identified and described, while histology is often required to achieve a definitive diagnosis, six categories of cholangiopathy in dogs and seven in cats provide cytologic information. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic examination, together with clinical and ultrasonographic data, can be useful for identifying hepatic abnormalities in acute and chronic cholestasis, chronic cholangitis, feline lymphoplasmacytic cholangitis, and cholangiocellular neoplasms.
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Griffin S. Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what's normal? what's abnormal? Hepatic vascular anomalies. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 21:645-654. [PMID: 31234742 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19856182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Although hepatic vascular anomalies are less common than disorders of the hepatic parenchyma and biliary tree, our understanding and recognition of these is gradually increasing with advancements in ultrasound technology and image quality. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. In addition, some views may be obscured by overlying structures; for example, the termination of a shunt entering the left phrenic or azygous veins is often difficut to see due to the high probability of lung passing between the shunt and the transducer as the cat breathes. EQUIPMENT Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. AIM This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the appearance of various hepatic vascular anomalies. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Ultrasound of the liver and biliary tree were discussed in articles published in January and May 2019, respectively. EVIDENCE BASE Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Griffin
- Radiology Department, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
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17
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Griffin S. Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what's normal? what's abnormal? The biliary tree. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 21:429-441. [PMID: 31018822 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19843212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. The biliary tree encompasses the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, although only diseases affecting the latter two are discussed here. Diseases of the bile ducts and gall bladder are more common than those of the liver parenchyma and ultrasound plays an important role in their diagnosis. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. In addition, a lack of pathological change does not necessarily rule out disease; for example, absence of gall bladder and/or extrahepatic biliary distension is not sufficient to exclude the possibility of biliary obstruction, and in many cases of cholangitis the liver and biliary tree are unremarkable on ultrasound examination. EQUIPMENT Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. AIM This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the appearance of the normal and diseased biliary system. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis is also covered. Ultrasound examination of the liver was discussed in an article published in January 2019 and an upcoming article will cover hepatic vascular anomalies. EVIDENCE BASE Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Griffin
- Radiology Department, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
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18
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Sato R, Uchida N, Kawana Y, Tozuka M, Kobayashi S, Hanyu N, Konno Y, Iguchi A, Yamasaki Y, Kuramochi K, Yamasaki M. Epidemiological evaluation of cats associated with feline polycystic kidney disease caused by the feline PKD1 genetic mutation in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1006-1011. [PMID: 31155548 PMCID: PMC6656814 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline polycystic kidney disease (PKD), an inherited autosomal dominant disease, has been reported to occur mostly in Persian or Persian related cats, and to be associated with a mutation
from C to A at position 10063 in exon 29 of the feline PKD1 gene (PKD1 mutation). Many clinical cases have been recognized in Japan, but the mutation rate
in cats has not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine epidemiological characteristics and clinical features in cats with the PKD1 mutation. Referring
veterinarians sent blood samples of 377 cats for the PKD1 gene evaluation. The blood samples were from 159 cats with renal cysts confirmed by ultrasonography, 60 cats
without renal cysts, and 158 cats that did not undergo ultrasonography. In total, 150 cats carried the PKD1 mutation and the signalment, site and number of renal cysts, and
results of blood test were evaluated in cats with the PKD1 mutation. The breeds with the highest rate of the PKD1 mutation were Persian (46%), Scottish Fold
(54%) and American Shorthair cats (47%). However, mixed breed cats also showed high rates of the PKD1 mutation. Of cats with the mutation, the incidence of high plasma
creatinine (≥1.6 mg/dl) was greater in cats ≥3 years old, although a few cats ≥9 years of age had low plasma creatinine (<1.6 mg/dl). The coincidence of
renal and hepatic cysts was 12.6%, with the high prevalence in Persian cats (31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawana
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Minako Tozuka
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Saori Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nana Hanyu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Konno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Aiko Iguchi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yayoi Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Konomi Kuramochi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Molín J, Asín J, Vitoria A, Sanz A, Gimeno M, Romero A, Sánchez J, Pinczowski P, Vázquez FJ, Rodellar C, Luján L. Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in a Purebred Spanish Horse Foal: Pathology and Genetic Studies on PKHD1 Gene Mutations. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:457-461. [PMID: 29402207 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817754122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 1-month-old Purebred Spanish Horse (PSH) foal presented with progressive hepatic failure culminating in death. Hepatic lesions were consistent with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). Genetic studies in the PKHD1 gene in the affected foal revealed that it was heterozygous for the 2 previously described single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to CHF in Swiss Franches-Montagnes (SFM) horses. In addition, 2 novel mutations were detected, the foal being homozygous for one of them and heterozygous for the other. Genetic studies in a healthy PSH population ( n = 35) showed a 3-fold higher genotypic frequency for PKHD1 SNP g.49,630,834G>A and a 5-fold higher genotypic frequency for PKHD1 SNP g.49,597,760A>T compared with those reported for SFM horses. SNPs in the PKHD1 gene in CHF-affected SFM horses might not fully explain the CHF observed in the PSH. Other mutations in the PKHD1 gene could play a more important role in the PSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Molín
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Vitoria
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arianne Sanz
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Gimeno
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Pinczowski
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vázquez
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clementina Rodellar
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- 1 Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Bayton WA, Westgarth C, Scase T, Price DJ, Bexfield NH. Histopathological frequency of feline hepatobiliary disease in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:404-410. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Bayton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - C. Westgarth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - T. Scase
- Bridge Pathology LTD; Bristol, BS7 0BJ UK
| | - D. J. Price
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - N. H. Bexfield
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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21
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Otte CM, Penning LC, Rothuizen J. Feline biliary tree and gallbladder disease: Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:514-528. [PMID: 28438089 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17706465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance Diseases of the biliary tree and gallbladder are more common in cats than diseases of the liver parenchyma. The parenchyma is usually affected secondarily to systemic illnesses, while the biliary system is the prime target for infectious agents (eg, bacteria and flukes) and non-infectious conditions (eg, neoplasia and cysts). Clinical approaches Cats with biliary disease are evaluated because of common feline clinical signs such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and lethargy. Icterus may or may not be obvious. Biopsies for histological evaluation, and bile aspirates for culture and cytological evaluation are helpful diagnostically. Antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs have been used successfully. Hepatosupportive drugs may help in liquefying thick bile and protecting hepatic tissue from damage. Ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that may help in identifying dilated bile ducts, liver cysts and choleliths. It is also used to guide percutaneous bile aspiration. Audience This review, written for all veterinarians who treat cats, describes the various conditions that can affect the feline biliary tree and gallbladder. Treatment options are discussed, and brief summaries provided of surgical techniques and diagnostic approaches. Evidence base The veterinary literature pertaining to feline biliary disease is comprehensively reviewed. When appropriate, data on dogs and humans has been included to provide background information. Based on the available literature, more research into feline biliary diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corma Ma Otte
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Xavier FG, Morato GS, Righi DA, Maiorka PC, Spinosa HS. Cystic liver disease related to high Platynosomum fastosum infection in a domestic cat. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 9:51-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Platynosomum fastosum is a small fluke found in the biliary ducts and gallbladder of cats. Its lifecycle includes the snail Sublima octona as intermediate host, and lizards, toads and geckos as paratenic hosts. Affected cats are usually adult and acquire the parasite by feeding on infected lizards. This parasite occurs across the world but is more frequent in tropical areas. The clinical signs range from none to obstruction of the biliary tract, with hepatic failure and death, reinforcing the necessity of including the liver fluke Platynosomum fastosum in the differential diagnosis of hepatic diseases in cats. This report describes an unusual case of a cat with a polycystic hepatic disease and a severe infestation by Platynosomum fastosum and presents a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana G. Xavier
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques, de Paiva, 87, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo S. Morato
- DVM, São Francisco Veterinary Clinic, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario A. Righi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques, de Paiva, 87, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Maiorka
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques, de Paiva, 87, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Helenice S. Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques, de Paiva, 87, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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23
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Barthez PY, Rivier P, Begon D. Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian related cats in France. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 5:345-7. [PMID: 14623204 DOI: 10.1016/s1098-612x(03)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has been estimated in the USA, Australia, UK, and Germany, but no data are available to date in France. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of PKD in Persian and Persian related breeds of cats in France. Medical records of all healthy cats presented for ultrasonographic screening of PKD between December 2000 and April 2002 were analysed from two centres (ENVL and ENVA). Cats were classified as positive when at least one anechoic cavity was found in at least one kidney. Prevalence of PKD was compared between the two screening centres, between different breeds evaluated, and between male and female using Chi-square test. A total of 310 cats were examined, including 92 at ENVL (57 Persians, 22 Exotic Shorthairs, 7 Chartreux, 4 Norwegian Forest Cats, and 2 Abyssins) and 218 at ENVA (163 Persians, 42 Exotic Shorthairs, 4 Chartreux, 4 British Shorthairs, 2 American Whirehairs, 2 Norwegian Forest Cats, and 1 American Shorthair). Prevalence of PKD was 41.8% in Persian cats and 39.1% in Exotic Shorthair. No PKD was detected in cats from other breeds. There was no significant difference between prevalence of PKD found in ENVL and ENVA, between prevalence of PKD in Persians and in Exotic Shorthairs, and prevalence of PKD in male and in female. Prevalence of PKD in Persians and Exotic Shorthair cats in France is currently high but is similar to prevalence in other parts of the world. Selection based on ultrasonographic detection of cysts should decrease prevalence of PKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Barthez
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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24
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Guerra JM, Daniel AGT, Cardoso NC, Grandi F, Queiroga F, Cogliati B. Congenital hepatic fibrosis and polycystic kidney disease not linked to C >A mutation in exon 29 of PKD1 in a Persian cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915619191. [PMID: 28491400 PMCID: PMC5362006 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915619191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a 1-year-old male Persian cat diagnosed with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) associated with renal polycystic disease and, for the first time, we have shown that there was no C >A mutation in exon 29 of PKD1 (polycystic kidney disease 1). The cat presented with a history of chronic weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, depression and lethargy, with profuse salivation and ascites on clinical examination. A mild elevation in liver-associated plasma enzymes suggested a hepatic disease. Owing to the cat's deteriorating condition, it was euthanized. During necropsy, the liver was found to be enlarged, firm and reddish, and the kidney had multiple small cortical cysts. Immunohistochemistry revealed that bile duct cells and epithelial cells of renal cysts showed positive immunoreactivity to keratin 19. Collagen fibers surrounding bile ducts within portal areas demonstrated reactivity to type IV collagen antibody, confirming the congenital nature of the process. A diagnosis of ductal plate malformation consistent with CHF associated with polycystic kidney in a young Persian cat was made. Interestingly, genetic testing revealed a wild-type sequence at position 3284 in exon 29 of PKD1. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION The absence of the classic genetic mutation associated with the particular clinical presentation supports the hypothesis of a distinct etiopathogenesis among fibropolycystic diseases in domestic cats. Moreover, congenital hepatic fibrosis is a rare but important differential diagnosis for young Persian cats and their crosses with clinical signs of chronic end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Cavalca Cardoso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Grandi
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Felisbina Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Longo M, Zini E, Specchi S, Piseddu E, Auriemma E. Presumptive cystic haemorrhages in a cat with polycystic kidney and hepatic disease. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2015-000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- DIVETUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingIstituto Veterinario di NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNovaraItaly
| | - Eric Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Swan Specchi
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingIstituto Veterinario di NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNovaraItaly
| | - Eleonora Piseddu
- Novara Day LabIDEXX Laboratories srlGranozzo con MonticelloNovaraItaly
| | - Edoardo Auriemma
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingIstituto Veterinario di NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNovaraItaly
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van Sprundel RGHM, van den Ingh TSGAM, Guscetti F, Kershaw O, van Wolferen ME, Rothuizen J, Spee B. Classification of primary hepatic tumours in the cat. Vet J 2014; 202:255-66. [PMID: 25439443 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic tumours in dogs have recently been re-classified to follow a revised human classification system that takes account of identified hepatic progenitor cells. This study investigated the presence and relative frequency of morphological types of feline primary hepatic neoplasms and aimed to determine whether a similar new classification scheme could be applied in cats. Feline primary liver tumours (n = 61) were examined histologically and with a series of immunohistochemical markers. Six cases of nodular hyperplasia and 21 tumours of hepatocellular origin were diagnosed. The latter were subdivided into hepatocellular tumours that were well differentiated and had no evidence of metastases (n = 18) and tumours that showed poorly differentiated areas with marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and had intrahepatic and, or, distant metastases (n = 3). These malignant feline hepatocellular tumours maintained their hepatocellular characteristics (HepPar-1, MRP2, pCEA positive) and were negative, or only <5% positive, for K19. Twenty-five cholangiocellular tumours were diagnosed and all had intrahepatic and, or, distant metastases. Eight NSE positive small cell carcinomas (carcinoids) were diagnosed and subdivided into small cell carcinomas with HPC characteristics (K19 positive) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (K19 negative). In addition, one squamous cell carcinoma originating from the distal part of the choledochal duct was recognised. Feline primary hepatic neoplasms can be sub-divided into benign and malignant hepatocellular tumours, cholangiocellular carcinomas, small cell carcinomas with HPC characteristics, neuroendocrine carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. The marked species difference justifies a specific classification for feline primary hepatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G H M van Sprundel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Hirose N, Uchida K, Kanemoto H, Ohno K, Chambers JK, Nakayama H. A retrospective histopathological survey on canine and feline liver diseases at the University of Tokyo between 2006 and 2012. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1015-20. [PMID: 24717415 PMCID: PMC4143642 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the incidence of
hepatic diseases in dogs and cats in Japan, a retrospective study was performed using data
of 463 canine and 71 feline liver biopsies at the Veterinary Medical Center of the
University of Tokyo. The most common canine hepatic disease was microvascular dysplasia
(MVD) and occupied 29.4% of all diagnoses. This terminology might contain “real” MVD and
primary portal vein hypoplasia, because these two conditions were difficult to be clearly
distinguished histopathologically. Parenchymal and interstitial hepatitis and primary
hepatic tumors accounted for 23.5% and 21.0% of the diagnoses, respectively. Parenchymal
and interstitial hepatitis occupied 34.1% of non-proliferative canine hepatic diseases,
while hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma were 26.6% and 24.5% of proliferative hepatic
diseases, respectively. Breed-specificity was seen in MVD for Yorkshire terrier, Papillon
and Toy poodle, in hepatitis for Doberman pinscher and Labrador retriever, in
cholangiohepatitis for American cocker spaniel, Miniature schnauzer and Pomeranian, in
hepatocellular adenoma for Golden retriever and Shiba and in hepatocellular carcinoma for
Shih Tzu. The most common feline liver disease was parenchymal and interstitial hepatitis
(45.1% of all diagnoses). Among feline hepatitis, neutrophilic cholangiohepatitis (23.9%),
lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis (14.1%) and chronic hepatitis (5.6%) were recorded. Adult
polycystic liver disease was 5.6%. Among proliferative diseases in the feline liver (11.3%
of the all), lymphoma (4.2%) and primary epithelial tumors (4.2%) including hepatocellular
carcinoma, cholangiocellular adenoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma were observed.
Hepatic degeneration was 14.1%, and MVD was 12.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hirose
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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28
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Palerme JS, Brown J, Marks S, Birkenheuer A. Splenosystemic Shunts in Cats: A Retrospective of 33 Cases (2004-2011). J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J-S. Palerme
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - J.C. Brown
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences ; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - S.L. Marks
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
| | - A.J. Birkenheuer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC
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29
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Liver. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161409 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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30
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Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity. THE CAT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158306 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Buob S, Johnston AN, Webster CRL. Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:169-86. [PMID: 21382073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PH) is the result of increased vascular resistance in the portal circulation, increased portal venous blood flow, or both. In veterinary medicine, where portal pressure is seldom measured directly, the diagnosis of PH often is inferred from identification of associated complications including multiple acquired portosystemic shunts, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Likewise, treatment of PH primarily is aimed at controlling these complications. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PH. The review draws from information in the veterinary hepatology literature, reviews, and consensus statements in human hepatology and the literature on experimental models of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buob
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
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32
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Lee YJ, Chen HY, Hsu WL, Ou CM, Wong ML. Diagnosis of feline polycystic kidney disease by a combination of ultrasonographic examination and PKD1
gene analysis. Vet Rec 2010; 167:614-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y-J. Lee
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital
| | | | - W-L. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health; College of Veterinary Medicine; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - C-M. Ou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
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33
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Rhind SM, Keen JA. Polycystic kidney disease in a mature horse: report and review of previously reported cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2004.tb00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Volta A, Manfredi S, Gnudi G, Gelati A, Bertoni G. Polycystic kidney disease in a Chartreux cat. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 12:138-40. [PMID: 19716738 PMCID: PMC7129492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common genetic diseases in cats. It has been widely described in Persians and Persian-related cats and sporadically in other breeds. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the first reported case of PKD in a 12-year-old female Chartreux cat. The cat was referred with polyuria and polydipsia and enlarged and irregular kidneys at palpation. Multiple renal cysts and a single liver cyst were identified by ultrasound and the inherited pattern was confirmed by genetic test (polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) assay). Chartreux cats should be included in the screening programme of PKD, and PKD should be always considered as a possible cause of chronic renal failure in this breed.
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35
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Müller DWH, Szentiks CA, Wibbelt G. Polycystic kidney disease in adult Brazilian agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). Vet Pathol 2009; 46:656-61. [PMID: 19276054 DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0107-w-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 21 years, 7 adult captive Brazilian agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) from 4 different zoologic gardens were necropsied and histologically examined at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. All animals had polycystic kidney disease as the major pathologic change. Except in 1 case, no clinical signs were recognized prior to death. The animals had macroscopic bilateral alterations of the kidneys ranging from granulated surfaces to severe polycystic changes. Microscopic examination revealed multifocal to generalized, moderate to severe cystic dilatations of Bowman's capsules and renal tubules, moderate mesangial and capsular proliferation of the renal corpuscles, mild interstitial fibrosis, and mild to moderate interstitial lympho-plasmacytic infiltrations. Little information is known about the genetic relationships of these animals, but breeding practice indicates a high possibility of inbred agouti zoo populations in Germany. This is the first report on polycystic kidney disease in Brazilian agoutis with possible genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W H Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Hosseininejad M, Hosseini F. Spontaneous manifestation of polycystic kidney disease following separation anxiety in a Persian cat. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:2171-2. [PMID: 19266936 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2171.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old female Persian cat was referred with the history of separation from the owner. There was no clinical sign and everything had been reported as normal during the veterinary checkup just before separation and traveling. The history and clinical signs were fit to separation anxiety when the cat referred to us. Ten days after the diagnosis and starting of the treatment for separation anxiety, the cat was referred again with the clinical signs of chronic renal failure. Further assessments showed an inherited polycystic kidney disease. Spontaneous manifestation of polycystic kidney disease after separation anxiety indicate that this phenomenon may cause the chronic process of polycystic kidney disease to promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hosseininejad
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, 2nd km of Saman Road, Shahrekord, Iran
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37
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Tappin S, Dean R. Progressive abdominal distention. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:359-63. [PMID: 17587620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tappin
- The Feline Centre, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
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38
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Bonazzi M, Volta A, Gnudi G, Bottarelli E, Gazzola M, Bertoni G. Prevalence of the polycystic kidney disease and renal and urinary bladder ultrasonographic abnormalities in Persian and Exotic Shorthair cats in Italy. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:387-91. [PMID: 17498994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasonographic findings of kidneys, liver and urinary bladder of 288 Persian and 44 Exotic Shorthair clinically normal cats that underwent screening for polycystic kidney disease (PKD) between July 2003 and December 2005 were reviewed. Cats were divided into two groups, one including cats aged <9 months (group 1) and one cats aged >/=9 months (group 2). Cats were classified as PKD-positive when at least one renal cyst was found. One hundred and thirty-six cats (41.0%) had more than one cyst in at least one kidney. The prevalence of PKD was similar in both groups. Eight PKD-positive cats had cystic livers (5.9%). Other renal abnormalities included a pelvic calculus and a medullary rim sign (MRS). The difference in prevalence of an MRS in group 2 compared to group 1 and the difference between PKD-positive and -negative cats in group 2 were not significant. There was no difference in mean kidney length between PKD-positive and -negative cats in group 2. Urinary bladder anomalies were principally represented by urinary sediment, with prevalence significantly higher in group 2. No difference was detected in group 2 between PKD-positive and -negative cats. In conclusion feline PKD is common in Italy. The ultrasonographic findings of MRS and urinary bladder sediment did not correlate with feline PKD. Urinary bladder sediment is common in Persians and Exotic Shorthairs and more likely in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bonazzi
- Sezione di Radiologia e Diagnostica per Immagini, Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
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39
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Zatelli A, D'Ippolito P, Bonfanti U, Zini E. Ultrasound-Assisted Drainage and Alcoholization of Hepatic and Renal Cysts: 22 Cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:112-6. [PMID: 17339288 DOI: 10.5326/0430112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two dogs and cats with symptomatic renal or hepatic cysts that had undergone ultrasound-assisted drainage and alcoholization were retrospectively evaluated. Common presenting complaints were anorexia, reluctance to move, and vomiting. Abdominal pain was observed in all cases. Systemic hypertension was identified in four dogs and four cats with renal cysts. Cyst drainage and alcoholization were achieved without complications in 19 animals, and all clinical signs resolved after the procedure. In three cases, transient bleeding was observed during alcoholization, and the procedure was interrupted. Blood pressure normalized in the four dogs with renal cysts, but it remained elevated in the four cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zatelli
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, via Majakowski 2/n, Reggio Emilia, 42100, Italy
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40
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Zandvliet MM, Szatmári V, Ingh T, Rothuizen J. Acquired Portosystemic Shunting in 2 Cats Secondary to Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis. J Vet Intern Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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41
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Görlinger S, Rothuizen J, Bunch S, Ingh T. Congenital Dilatation of the Bile Ducts (Caroli's Disease) in Young Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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42
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Pedersen KM, Pedersen HD, Haggstrom J, Koch J, Ersbøll AK. Increased Mean Arterial Pressure and Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio in Persian Cats with Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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43
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Haechler S, Van den Ingh TS, Rogivue C, Ehrensperger F, Welle M. Congenital hepatic fibrosis and cystic bile duct formation in Swiss Freiberger horses. Vet Pathol 2000; 37:669-71. [PMID: 11105960 DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-6-669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hepatic fibrosis with autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance has been described in humans, cats, piglets, and dogs. In horses, only two cases of congenital hepatic fibrosis have been previously reported. This retrospective study of records from the Institute for Animal Pathology, University of Berne, identified 30 foals with liver lesions compatible with congenital hepatic fibrosis. Anamnestic data revealed clinical signs of severe liver injury in most affected animals. Pathologic examination showed severely enlarged, firm livers with thin-walled cysts. Histologically, the livers showed diffuse porto-portal bridging fibrosis with many small, irregularly formed and sometimes cystic bile ducts. All foals belonged to the Swiss Freiberger breed. Pedigree analysis revealed that the diseased animals could be traced back to one stallion. These results strongly suggest that congenital hepatic fibrosis in Swiss Freiberger horses is a recessively inherited autosomal genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haechler
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Universität Bern, Switzerland
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