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van den Berg MF, Kooistra HS, Grinwis GCM, Nicoli S, Golinelli S, Stammeleer L, van Wolferen ME, Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Zandvliet MMJM, van Steenbeek FG, Galac S. Whole transcriptome analysis of canine pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155804. [PMID: 37691636 PMCID: PMC10484483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. Local invasion, concurrent disorders, and metastases prevent surgical removal, which is the most effective treatment to date. Given the current lack of effective medical treatment, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. To identify druggable pathways driving PPGL development, we performed RNA sequencing on PPGLs (n = 19) and normal adrenal medullas (NAMs; n = 10) of dogs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that PPGLs clearly clustered apart from NAMs. In total, 4,218 genes were differentially expressed between PPGLs and NAMs. Of these, 232 had a log2 fold change of >3 or < -3, of which 149 were upregulated in PPGLs, and 83 were downregulated. Compared with NAMs, PPGLs had increased expression of genes related to the cell cycle, tumor development, progression and metastasis, hypoxia and angiogenesis, and the Wnt signaling pathway, and decreased expression of genes related to adrenal steroidogenesis. Our data revealed several overexpressed genes that could provide targets for novel therapeutics, such as Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET), Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2), and Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 2 (SFRP2). Based on the PCA, PPGLs were classified into 2 groups, of which group 1 had significantly higher Ki67 scores (p = 0.035) and shorter survival times (p = 0.04) than group 2. Increased expression of 1 of the differentially expressed genes between group 1 and 2, pleiotrophin (PTN), appeared to correlate with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. This study has shed light on the transcriptomic profile of canine PPGL, yielding new insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors in dogs, and revealed potential novel targets for therapy. In addition, we identified 2 transcriptionally distinct groups of PPGLs that had significantly different survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F. van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans S. Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefania Golinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Maurice M. J. M. Zandvliet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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van Blokland-Post K, Weber MF, van Wolferen ME, Penning LC, van Sluijs FJ, Kummeling A. Prediction of outcome after ligation or thin film banding of extrahepatic shunts, based on plasma albumin concentration and hematologic expression of 8 target genes in 85 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:537-549. [PMID: 36934445 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dogs with a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS), outcome after surgical attenuation is difficult to predict. OBJECTIVES Develop a minimally invasive test to predict outcome after surgical EHPSS attenuation and establish risk factors for postattenuation seizures (PAS). ANIMALS Eighty-five client-owned dogs referred for surgical attenuation of a single EHPSS. METHODS mRNA expression of 8 genes was measured in preoperatively collected venous blood samples. Outcome was determined at a median of 92 days (range, 26-208) postoperatively by evaluating clinical performance, blood test results and abdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct models predicting clinical and complete recovery. The associations between putative predictors and PAS were studied using univariable analyses. RESULTS Five of 85 dogs developed PAS. Risk factors were age, white blood cell (WBC) count and expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator and LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 2. Clinical recovery was observed in 72 of 85 dogs and complete recovery in 51 of 80 dogs (median follow-up, 92 days). The model predicting clinical recovery included albumin, WBC count, and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 alpha (MAT2α) expression, whereas the model predicting complete recovery included albumin, and connective tissue growth factor precursor and MAT2α expression. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.886 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.783, 0.990) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.686, 0.902), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Two models were constructed for predicting outcome after EHPSS attenuation using venous blood samples. The model predicting clinical recovery showed the best diagnostic properties. Clinical application requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista van Blokland-Post
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Weber
- Royal GD, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J van Sluijs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nguyen VVT, Ye S, Gkouzioti V, van Wolferen ME, Yengej FY, Melkert D, Siti S, de Jong B, Besseling PJ, Spee B, van der Laan LJW, Horland R, Verhaar MC, van Balkom BWM. A human kidney and liver organoid‐based multi‐organ‐on‐a‐chip model to study the therapeutic effects and biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12280. [DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian V. T. Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Shicheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Gkouzioti
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Fjodor Yousef Yengej
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Melkert
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Siti
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Jong
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. W. van der Laan
- Dept of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension UMC Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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4
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Krüger M, Samsom RA, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Kooistra HS, Geijsen N, Penning LC, Kock LM, Sainz-Arnal P, Baptista PM, Spee B. High level of polarized engraftment of porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids in decellularized liver scaffolds. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4949-4958. [PMID: 36017767 PMCID: PMC9549510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe alone, each year 5500 people require a life-saving liver transplantation, but 18% die before receiving one due to the shortage of donor organs. Whole organ engineering, utilizing decellularized liver scaffolds repopulated with autologous cells, is an attractive alternative to increase the pool of available organs for transplantation. The development of this technology is hampered by a lack of a suitable large-animal model representative of the human physiology and a reliable and continuous cell source. We have generated porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids from adult stem cells and demonstrate that these cultures remained stable over multiple passages whilst retaining the ability to differentiate into hepatocyte- and cholangiocyte-like cells. Recellularization onto porcine scaffolds was efficient and the organoids homogeneously differentiated, even showing polarization. Our porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte system, combined with porcine liver scaffold paves the way for developing whole liver engineering in a relevant large-animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda M Kock
- LifeTec Group BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Bouwmeester MC, Bernal PN, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Lehmann V, Vermaas M, Buchholz MB, Peiffer QC, Malda J, van der Laan LJW, Kramer NI, Schneeberger K, Levato R, Spee B. Bioprinting of Human Liver-Derived Epithelial Organoids for Toxicity Studies. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100327. [PMID: 34559943 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for long-lived hepatic in vitro models to better predict drug induced liver injury (DILI). Human liver-derived epithelial organoids are a promising cell source for advanced in vitro models. Here, organoid technology is combined with biofabrication techniques, which holds great potential for the design of in vitro models with complex and customizable architectures. Here, porous constructs with human hepatocyte-like cells derived from organoids are generated using extrusion-based printing technology. Cell viability of bioprinted organoids remains stable for up to ten days (88-107% cell viability compared to the day of printing). The expression of hepatic markers, transporters, and phase I enzymes increased compared to undifferentiated controls, and is comparable to non-printed controls. Exposure to acetaminophen, a well-known hepatotoxic compound, decreases cell viability of bioprinted liver organoids to 21-51% (p < 0.05) compared to the start of exposure, and elevated levels of damage marker miR-122 are observed in the culture medium, indicating the potential use of the bioprinted constructs for toxicity testing. In conclusion, human liver-derived epithelial organoids can be combined with a biofabrication approach, thereby paving the way to create perfusable, complex constructs which can be used as toxicology- and disease-models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C Bouwmeester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Paulina N Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Vermaas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Maj-Britt Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin C Peiffer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, Wageningen, 6700 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
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6
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Ye S, Boeter JWB, Mihajlovic M, van Steenbeek FG, van Wolferen ME, Oosterhoff LA, Marsee A, Caiazzo M, van der Laan LJW, Penning LC, Vermonden T, Spee B, Schneeberger K. A Chemically Defined Hydrogel for Human Liver Organoid Culture. Adv Funct Mater 2020; 30:2000893. [PMID: 34658689 PMCID: PMC7611838 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
End-stage liver diseases are an increasing health burden, and liver transplantations are currently the only curative treatment option. Due to a lack of donor livers, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Human liver organoids are very promising for regenerative medicine; however, organoids are currently cultured in Matrigel, which is extracted from the extracellular matrix of the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma. Matrigel is poorly defined, suffers from high batch-to-batch variability and is of xenogeneic origin, which limits the clinical application of organoids. Here, a novel hydrogel based on polyisocyanopeptides (PIC) and laminin-111 is described for human liver organoid cultures. PIC is a synthetic polymer that can form a hydrogel with thermosensitive properties, making it easy to handle and very attractive for clinical applications. Organoids in an optimized PIC hydrogel proliferate at rates comparable to those observed with Matrigel; proliferation rates are stiffness-dependent, with lower stiffnesses being optimal for organoid proliferation. Moreover, organoids can be efficiently differentiated toward a hepatocyte-like phenotype with key liver functions. This proliferation and differentiation potential maintain over at least 14 passages. The results indicate that PIC is very promising for human liver organoid culture and has the potential to be used in a variety of clinical applications including cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem W B Boeter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Postbus 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Ary Marsee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology University of Naples 'Federico II' Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
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7
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Schneeberger K, Sánchez‐Romero N, Ye S, van Steenbeek FG, Oosterhoff LA, Pla Palacin I, Chen C, van Wolferen ME, van Tienderen G, Lieshout R, Colemonts‐Vroninks H, Schene I, Hoekstra R, Verstegen MM, van der Laan LJ, Penning LC, Fuchs SA, Clevers H, De Kock J, Baptista PM, Spee B. Large-Scale Production of LGR5-Positive Bipotential Human Liver Stem Cells. Hepatology 2020; 72:257-270. [PMID: 31715015 PMCID: PMC7496924 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gap between patients on transplant waiting lists and available donor organs is steadily increasing. Human organoids derived from leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-positive adult stem cells represent an exciting new cell source for liver regeneration; however, culturing large numbers of organoids with current protocols is tedious and the level of hepatic differentiation is limited. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we established a method for the expansion of large quantities of human liver organoids in spinner flasks. Due to improved oxygenation in the spinner flasks, organoids rapidly proliferated and reached an average 40-fold cell expansion after 2 weeks, compared with 6-fold expansion in static cultures. The organoids repopulated decellularized liver discs and formed liver-like tissue. After differentiation in spinner flasks, mature hepatocyte markers were highly up-regulated compared with static organoid cultures, and cytochrome p450 activity reached levels equivalent to hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS We established a highly efficient method for culturing large numbers of LGR5-positive stem cells in the form of organoids, which paves the way for the application of organoids for tissue engineering and liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Shicheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Iris Pla Palacin
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands,Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Gilles van Tienderen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ruby Lieshout
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Haaike Colemonts‐Vroninks
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato‐cosmetologyFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Imre Schene
- Division of Pediatric GastroenterologyWilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchGastroenterology and MetabolismAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Surgical LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Sabine A. Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric GastroenterologyWilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands,Cancer Genomics NetherlandsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands,Princess Máxima CenterUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato‐cosmetologyFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain,Fundación ARAIDZaragozaSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain,Department of Biomedical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversidad Carlos III de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
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8
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Krüger M, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Schiele SA, Walther A, Geijsen N, De Laporte L, van der Laan LJW, Kock LM, Spee B. Cellulose Nanofibril Hydrogel Promotes Hepatic Differentiation of Human Liver Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901658. [PMID: 32090504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To replicate functional liver tissue in vitro for drug testing or transplantation, 3D tissue engineering requires representative cell models as well as scaffolds that not only promote tissue production but also are applicable in a clinical setting. Recently, adult liver-derived liver organoids are found to be of much interest due to their genetic stability, expansion potential, and ability to differentiate toward a hepatocyte-like fate. The current standard for culturing these organoids is a basement membrane hydrogel like Matrigel (MG), which is derived from murine tumor material and apart from its variability and high costs, possesses an undefined composition and is therefore not clinically applicable. Here, a cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogel is investigated with regard to its potential to serve as an alternative clinical grade scaffold to differentiate liver organoids. The results show that its mechanical properties are suitable for differentiation with overall, either equal or improved, functionality of the hepatocyte-like cells compared to MG. Therefore, and because of its defined and tunable chemical definition, the CNF hydrogel presents a viable alternative to MG for liver tissue engineering with the option for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Simon A. Schiele
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität FreiburgInstitute for Macromolecular Chemistry Stefan‐Meier‐Strasse 3, Hermann Staudinger Building 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | | | - Linda M. Kock
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Chen C, Nantasanti Assawarachan S, Schneeberger K, Kummeling A, van Straten G, Akkerdaas IC, Vinke CR, van Steenbeek FG, van Bruggen LW, Wolfswinkel J, Grinwis GC, Fuchs SA, Gehart H, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Autologous Canine Liver Organoids in a COMMD1-Deficient Dog Model of Metabolic Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020410. [PMID: 32053895 PMCID: PMC7072637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of liver organ donors is increasing and the need for viable alternatives is urgent. Liver cell (hepatocyte) transplantation may be a less invasive treatment compared with liver transplantation. Unfortunately, hepatocytes cannot be expanded in vitro, and allogenic cell transplantation requires long-term immunosuppression. Organoid-derived adult liver stem cells can be cultured indefinitely to create sufficient cell numbers for transplantation, and they are amenable to gene correction. This study provides preclinical proof of concept of the potential of cell transplantation in a large animal model of inherited copper toxicosis, such as Wilson’s disease, a Mendelian disorder that causes toxic copper accumulation in the liver. Hepatic progenitors from five COMMD1-deficient dogs were isolated and cultured using the 3D organoid culture system. After genetic restoration of COMMD1 expression, the organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells were safely delivered as repeated autologous transplantations via the portal vein. Although engraftment and repopulation percentages were low, the cells survived in the liver for up to two years post-transplantation. The low engraftment was in line with a lack of functional recovery regarding copper excretion. This preclinical study confirms the survival of genetically corrected autologous organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells in vivo and warrants further optimization of organoid engraftment and functional recovery in a large animal model of human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S. Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Giora van Straten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Ies C. Akkerdaas
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Christel R. Vinke
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Leonie W.L. van Bruggen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Jeannette Wolfswinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Guy C.M. Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Sabine A. Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Robert G. Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Baukje A. Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
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Haaker MW, Kruitwagen HS, Vaandrager AB, Houweling M, Penning LC, Molenaar MR, van Wolferen ME, Oosterhoff LA, Spee B, Helms JB. Identification of potential drugs for treatment of hepatic lipidosis in cats using an in vitro feline liver organoid system. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:132-138. [PMID: 31830357 PMCID: PMC6979087 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic lipidosis is increasing in incidence in the Western world, with cats being particularly sensitive. When cats stop eating and start utilizing their fat reserves, free fatty acids (FFAs) increase in blood, causing an accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver. Objective Identifying potential new drugs that can be used to treat hepatic lipidosis in cats using a feline hepatic organoid system. Animals Liver organoids obtained from 6 cats. Methods Eight different drugs were tested, and the 2 most promising were further studied using a quantitative TAG assay, lipid droplet staining, and qPCR. Results Both T863 (a diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 [DGAT1] inhibitor) and 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR; an adenosine monophosphate kinase activator) decreased TAG accumulation by 55% (P < .0001) and 46% (P = .0003), respectively. Gene expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) increased upon the addition of FFAs to the medium and decreased upon treatment with AICAR but not significantly after treatment with T863. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Two potential drugs useful in the treatment of hepatic lipidosis in cats were identified. The drug T863 inhibits DGAT1, indicating that DGAT1 is the primary enzyme responsible for TAG synthesis from external fatty acids in cat organoids. The drug AICAR may act as a lipid‐lowering compound via decreasing PLIN2 mRNA. Liver organoids can be used as an in vitro tool for drug testing in a species‐specific system and provide the basis for further clinical testing of drugs to treat steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya W Haaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wu X, Chien H, van Wolferen ME, Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, Penning LC. Reduced FXR Target Gene Expression in Copper-Laden Livers of COMMD1-Deficient Dogs. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6040078. [PMID: 31574998 PMCID: PMC6958483 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson’s disease (WD), an autosomal recessive disorder, results in copper accumulation in the liver as a consequence of mutations in the gene ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B). The disease is characterized by chronic hepatitis, eventually resulting in liver cirrhosis. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of nuclear receptors (NR) by high hepatic copper levels is an important event in the pathogenesis of liver disease in WD. Intracellular trafficking of ATP7B is mediated by COMMD1 and, in Bedlington terriers, a mutation in the COMMD1 gene results in high hepatic copper levels. Here, we demonstrate a reduced Farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR)-activity in liver biopsies of COMMD1-deficient dogs with copper toxicosis, a unique large animal model of WD. FXR-induced target genes, small heterodimer partner (SHP), and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were down-regulated in liver samples from COMMD1-deficient dogs with hepatic copper accumulation. In contrast, the relative mRNA levels of the two CYP-enzymes (reduced by FXR activity) was similar in both groups. These data are in line with the previously observed reduced FXR activity in livers of ATP7B−/− mice and WD patients. Therefore, these data further corroborate on the importance of the COMMD1-deficient dogs as a large animal model for WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hsiaotzu Chien
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. BOX 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Valtolina C, Robben JH, van Wolferen ME, Kruitwagen HS, Corbee RJ, Favier RP, Penning LC. Gene expressions of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in feline hepatic lipidosis. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 22:500-505. [PMID: 31322470 PMCID: PMC7252220 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19857853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate if de novo hepatic lipid synthesis contributes to fatty acid overload in the liver of cats with feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). Methods Lipogenic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBF1) were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR in liver tissue of six cats with FHL and compared with the liver tissue of eight healthy cats. Results In liver tissue, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and FASN mRNA expression levels were not significantly different (P >0.12, P >0.89 and P >0.5, respectively) in the FHL group compared with the control group. SREBF1 gene expression was downregulated around 10-fold in the FHL group vs the control group (P = 0.039). Conclusions and relevance The downregulation of SREBF1 in the liver tissue of cats with FHL does not support the hypothesis that de novo lipogenesis in the liver is an important pathway of fatty acid accumulation in FHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Oosterhoff LA, Kruitwagen HS, van Wolferen ME, van Balkom BWM, Mokry M, Lansu N, van den Dungen NAM, Penning LC, Spanjersberg TCF, de Graaf JW, Veenendaal T, Zomerdijk F, Fledderus JO, Spee B, van Steenbeek FG. Characterization of Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells From Different Canine Vessels. Front Physiol 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30809157 PMCID: PMC6379353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculature performs a critical function in tissue homeostasis, supply of oxygen and nutrients, and the removal of metabolic waste products. Vascular problems are implicated in a large variety of pathologies and accurate in vitro models resembling native vasculature are of great importance. Unfortunately, existing in vitro models do not sufficiently reflect their in vivo counterpart. The complexity of vasculature requires the examination of multiple cell types including endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as well as vessel location in the body from which they originate. The use of canine blood vessels provides a way to study vasculature with similar vessel size and physiology compared to human vasculature. We report an isolation procedure that provides the possibility to isolate both the endothelial and smooth muscle cells from the same vessels simultaneously, enabling new opportunities in investigating vasculature behavior. Canine primary ECs and VSMCs were isolated from the vena cava, vena porta and aorta. All tissue sources were derived from three donors for accurate comparison and to reduce inter-animal variation. The isolation and purification of the two distinct cell types was confirmed by morphology, gene- and protein-expression and function. As both cell types can be derived from the same vessel, this approach allows accurate modeling of vascular diseases and can also be used more widely, for example, in vascular bioreactors and tissue engineering designs. Additionally, we identified several new genes that were highly expressed in canine ECs, which may become candidate genes for novel EC markers. In addition, we observed transcriptional and functional differences between arterial- and venous-derived endothelium. Further exploration of the transcriptome and physiology of arteriovenous differentiation of primary cells may have important implications for a better understanding of the fundamental behavior of the vasculature and pathogenesis of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bas W M van Balkom
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Epigenomics Facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nico Lansu
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Epigenomics Facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noortje A M van den Dungen
- Epigenomics Facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Talitha C F Spanjersberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tomas Veenendaal
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Flin Zomerdijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost O Fledderus
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Sakai M, Spee B, Grinwis GCM, Penning LC, van Wolferen ME, van der Laan LJW, Fieten H. Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:151-157. [PMID: 30548329 PMCID: PMC6335531 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is common and has the tendency to progress to liver cirrhosis (LC). Circulating microRNAs might have the potential as markers for disease progression. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether concentration of specific microRNAs in serum correlate with the stage and grade of CH in Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS Twenty-two Labrador Retrievers with histological CH (n = 8), LC (n = 7), and normal liver (NL, n = 7). METHODS In this retrospective study, serum concentrations of miR-122, miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-181b, and miR-17-5p were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated using univariate linear regression in dogs. A multivariate model was fit including the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. RESULTS Of the 5 microRNAs, only circulating miR-122 and miR-29a were significantly associated with the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. A positive correlation was identified between the grade of hepatitis with miR-122 (rs = 0.79, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.78, P < .001). Both miR-122 (rs = 0.81, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.67, P < .001) showed a significant positive correlation with the stage of fibrosis. MiR-122 concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .01) and LC groups (P < .001) compared to the NL group. MiR-29a concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .001) and LC (P < .001) groups compared to the NL group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating miR-122 and miR-29a concentrations might be useful for monitoring the response to treatment and progression of canine CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen C, Pla‐Palacín I, Baptista PM, Shang P, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Penning LC, Geijsen N, Spee B. Hepatocyte-like cells generated by direct reprogramming from murine somatic cells can repopulate decellularized livers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2807-2816. [PMID: 29959867 PMCID: PMC6221165 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming represents an easy technique to generate induced hepatocytes (iHeps) from somatic cells. However, current protocols are accompanied by several drawbacks as iHeps are heterogenous and lack fully mature phenotypes of primary hepatocytes. Here, we established a polycistronic expression system to induce the direct reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts towards hepatocytes. The resulting iHeps are homogenous and display key properties of primary hepatocytes, such as expression of hepatocyte markers, albumin secretion, and presence of liver transaminases. iHeps also possess the capacity to repopulate decellularized liver tissue and exhibit enhanced hepatic maturation. As such, we present a novel strategy to generate homogenous and functional iHeps for applications in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAW and University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Iris Pla‐Palacín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
- Fundación ARAIDZaragozaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain
- Department of Biomedical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversidad Carlos III de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Peng Shang
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAW and University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAW and University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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16
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Kruitwagen HS, Westendorp B, Viebahn CS, Post K, van Wolferen ME, Oosterhoff LA, Egan DA, Delabar JM, Toussaint MJ, Schotanus BA, de Bruin A, Rothuizen J, Penning LC, Spee B. DYRK1A Is a Regulator of S-Phase Entry in Hepatic Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:133-146. [PMID: 29179659 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are adult liver stem cells that act as second line of defense in liver regeneration. They are normally quiescent, but in case of severe liver damage, HPC proliferation is triggered by external activation mechanisms from their niche. Although several important proproliferative mechanisms have been described, it is not known which key intracellular regulators govern the switch between HPC quiescence and active cell cycle. We performed a high-throughput kinome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen in HepaRG cells, a HPC-like cell line, and evaluated the effect on proliferation with a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. One hit increased the percentage of EdU-positive cells after knockdown: dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). Although upon DYRK1A silencing, the percentage of EdU- and phosphorylated histone H3 (pH3)-positive cells was increased, and total cell numbers were not increased, possibly through a subsequent delay in cell cycle progression. This phenotype was confirmed with chemical inhibition of DYRK1A using harmine and with primary HPCs cultured as liver organoids. DYRK1A inhibition impaired Dimerization Partner, RB-like, E2F, and multivulva class B (DREAM) complex formation in HPCs and abolished its transcriptional repression on cell cycle progression. To further analyze DYRK1A function in HPC proliferation, liver organoid cultures were established from mBACtgDyrk1A mice, which harbor one extra copy of the murine Dyrk1a gene (Dyrk+++). Dyrk+++ organoids had both a reduced percentage of EdU-positive cells and reduced proliferation compared with wild-type organoids. This study provides evidence for an essential role of DYRK1A as balanced regulator of S-phase entry in HPCs. An exact gene dosage is crucial, as both DYRK1A deficiency and overexpression affect HPC cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia S Viebahn
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Krista Post
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David A Egan
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine , UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Maurice Delabar
- 4 Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205, Paris, France
- 5 Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225 , INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - Mathilda J Toussaint
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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van Sprundel RG, van den Ingh TS, Schotanus BA, van Wolferen ME, Penning LC, Rothuizen J, Spee B. Cellular characteristics of keratin 19-positive canine hepatocellular tumours explain its aggressive behaviour. Vet Rec Open 2017; 4:e000212. [PMID: 29118993 PMCID: PMC5663258 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the hepatic progenitor cell marker keratin 19 (K19) in canine hepatocellular carcinomas is linked with a poor prognosis. To better understand this aggressive behaviour, K19-positive hepatocellular carcinomas (n=5) and K19-negative hepatocellular adenomas (n=6) were immunohistochemically stained for proteins involved in malignant tumour development. The K19-positive carcinomas showed marked positivity for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide (PDGFRα), laminin, integrin beta-1/CD29, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus Integration site 1, glypican-3 (GPC-3) and prominin-1/CD133, in contrast with K19-negative hepatocellular adenomas. Conversely, neurofibromatosis type 2 was highly expressed in the hepatocellular adenomas in contrast with the hepatocellular carcinomas. This expression pattern is clearly in line with the observed aggressive behaviour. The presence of the malignancy markers PDGFRα and GPC-3 might make it possible to develop specific strategies to intervene in tumour growth and to devise novel serological tests and personalised treatment methods for canine hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G van Sprundel
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis C Penning
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Van den Bossche L, Schoonenberg VAC, Burgener IA, Penning LC, Schrall IM, Kruitwagen HS, van Wolferen ME, Grinwis GCM, Kummeling A, Rothuizen J, van Velzen JF, Stathonikos N, Molenaar MR, Helms BJ, Brouwers JFHM, Spee B, van Steenbeek FG. Aberrant hepatic lipid storage and metabolism in canine portosystemic shunts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186491. [PMID: 29049355 PMCID: PMC5648188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a poorly understood multifactorial pandemic disorder. One of the hallmarks of NAFLD, hepatic steatosis, is a common feature in canine congenital portosystemic shunts. The aim of this study was to gain detailed insight into the pathogenesis of steatosis in this large animal model. Hepatic lipid accumulation, gene-expression analysis and HPLC-MS of neutral lipids and phospholipids in extrahepatic (EHPSS) and intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) was compared to healthy control dogs. Liver organoids of diseased dogs and healthy control dogs were incubated with palmitic- and oleic-acid, and lipid accumulation was quantified using LD540. In histological slides of shunt livers, a 12-fold increase of lipid content was detected compared to the control dogs (EHPSS P<0.01; IHPSS P = 0.042). Involvement of lipid-related genes to steatosis in portosystemic shunting was corroborated using gene-expression profiling. Lipid analysis demonstrated different triglyceride composition and a shift towards short chain and omega-3 fatty acids in shunt versus healthy dogs, with no difference in lipid species composition between shunt types. All organoids showed a similar increase in triacylglycerols after free fatty acids enrichment. This study demonstrates that steatosis is probably secondary to canine portosystemic shunts. Unravelling the pathogenesis of this hepatic steatosis might contribute to a better understanding of steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivien A. C. Schoonenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M. Schrall
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S. Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F. van Velzen
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Stathonikos
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R. Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd J. Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F. H. M. Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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19
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Otte CM, Valtolina C, Vreman S, Hubers S, van Wolferen ME, Favier RP, Rothuizen J, Penning LC. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the activation of hepatic progenitor cells and their niche in feline lymphocytic cholangitis. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:30-37. [PMID: 28349721 PMCID: PMC5753836 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17699723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to compare the hepatic progenitor cell niche in healthy feline livers and the liver tissue of cats with lymphocytic cholangitis. Methods Immunohistochemical stainings for vimentin, laminin, beta (β)-catenin and Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) were used on formalin-fixed liver biopsies from affected (n = 12) and unaffected cats (n = 2). Results All immunohistochemical markers used were expressed in more cells, or more intensely, in the liver tissue of cats with lymphocytic cholangitis than in the liver tissue of unaffected cats. Conclusions and relevance Enhanced expression of vimentin, laminin, cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin and NICD in liver biopsies from cats with lymphocytic cholangitis indicates that the hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) niche is remodelled and activated. HPCs might provide insights into new regenerative treatment options for lymphocytic cholangitis in cats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corma Ma Otte
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Valtolina
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Vreman
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan Hubers
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Favier
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, Vernooij IGWH, Schrall IM, van Wolferen ME, Bannink F, Roesch C, van Uden L, Molenaar MR, Helms JB, Grinwis GCM, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW, Huch M, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Adult Feline Liver Organoid Cultures for Disease Modeling of Hepatic Steatosis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:822-830. [PMID: 28344000 PMCID: PMC5390114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a highly prevalent liver disease, yet research is hampered by the lack of tractable cellular and animal models. Steatosis also occurs in cats, where it can cause severe hepatic failure. Previous studies demonstrate the potential of liver organoids for modeling genetic diseases. To examine the possibility of using organoids to model steatosis, we established a long-term feline liver organoid culture with adult liver stem cell characteristics and differentiation potential toward hepatocyte-like cells. Next, organoids from mouse, human, dog, and cat liver were provided with fatty acids. Lipid accumulation was observed in all organoids and interestingly, feline liver organoids accumulated more lipid droplets than human organoids. Finally, we demonstrate effects of interference with β-oxidation on lipid accumulation in feline liver organoids. In conclusion, feline liver organoids can be successfully cultured and display a predisposition for lipid accumulation, making them an interesting model in hepatic steatosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid G W H Vernooij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Schrall
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Bannink
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Camille Roesch
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Uden
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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21
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Malagola E, Teunissen M, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA, Schotanus BA, van Steenbeek FG, Penning LC, van Wolferen ME, Tryfonidou MA, Spee B. Characterization and Comparison of Canine Multipotent Stromal Cells Derived from Liver and Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 25:139-50. [PMID: 26462417 PMCID: PMC4733325 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-derived multipotent stromal cells (L-MSCs) may prove preferable for treatment strategies of liver diseases, in comparison to the widely studied bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Canines are a large animal model, in which the pathologies of liver diseases are similar to man. This study further promotes the implementation of canine models in MSC-based treatments of liver diseases. L-MSCs were characterized and compared to BM-MSCs from the same individual. Both cell types demonstrated a spindle-shaped fibroblast-like morphology, possessed the same growth potential, and demonstrated similar immunomodulation gene expression of CD274, PTGS-1, and PTGS-2. Marked differences in cell surface markers, CD105 and CD146, distinguished these two cell populations, and L-MSCs retained a liver-specific imprinting, observed by expression of CK18 and CK19. Finally, both populations differentiated toward the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage; however, L-MSCs failed to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage. In conclusion, characterization of canine L-MSCs and BM-MSCs demonstrated that the two cell type populations are highly comparable. Although it is still unclear which cell source is preferred for clinical application in liver treatment strategies, this study provides a foundation for future controlled studies with MSC therapy in various liver diseases in dogs before their application in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Malagola
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands .,2 Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, University Hospital , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Teunissen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- 3 Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- 3 Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Nantasanti S, Spee B, Kruitwagen HS, Chen C, Geijsen N, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Pelaez N, Fieten H, Wubbolts RW, Grinwis GC, Chan J, Huch M, Vries RRG, Clevers H, de Bruin A, Rothuizen J, Penning LC, Schotanus BA. Disease Modeling and Gene Therapy of Copper Storage Disease in Canine Hepatic Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:895-907. [PMID: 26455412 PMCID: PMC4649105 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of 3D-liver stem cell cultures (hepatic organoids) opens up new avenues for gene and/or stem cell therapy to treat liver disease. To test safety and efficacy, a relevant large animal model is essential but not yet established. Because of its shared pathologies and disease pathways, the dog is considered the best model for human liver disease. Here we report the establishment of a long-term canine hepatic organoid culture allowing undifferentiated expansion of progenitor cells that can be differentiated toward functional hepatocytes. We show that cultures can be initiated from fresh and frozen liver tissues using Tru-Cut or fine-needle biopsies. The use of Wnt agonists proved important for canine organoid proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that successful gene supplementation in hepatic organoids of COMMD1-deficient dogs restores function and can be an effective means to cure copper storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Pelaez
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W Wubbolts
- Centre for Cellular Imaging (CCI), Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Robert R G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands.
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Schotanus BA, Kruitwagen HS, van den Ingh TSGAM, van Wolferen ME, Rothuizen J, Penning LC, Spee B. Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signalling in the activated canine hepatic progenitor cell niche. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:309. [PMID: 25551829 PMCID: PMC4302101 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver has a large regenerative capacity. Hepatocytes can replicate and regenerate a diseased liver. However, as is the case in severe liver diseases, this replication may become insufficient or exhausted and hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) can be activated in an attempt to restore liver function. Due to their bi-potent differentiation capacity, these HPCs have great potential for regenerative approaches yet over-activation does pose potential health risks. Therefore the mechanisms leading to activation must be elucidated prior to safe implementation in the veterinary clinic. Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signalling have been implicated in the activation of HPCs in mouse models and in humans. Here we assessed the involvement in canine HPC activation. Gene-expression profiles were derived from laser microdissected HPC niches from lobular dissecting hepatitis (LDH) and normal liver tissue, with a focus on Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signalling. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent studies were combined to assess the role of the pathways in HPCs during LDH. Results Gene-expression confirmed higher expression of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathway components and target genes in activated HPC niches in diseased liver compared to quiescent HPC niches from normal liver. Immunofluorescence confirmed the activation of these pathways in the HPCs during disease. Immunohistochemistry showed proliferating HPCs during LDH, and double immunofluorescence showed downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch in differentiating HPCs. Vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, was expressed on a subset of undifferentiated HPCs. Conclusions Together these studies clearly revealed that both Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signalling pathways are enhanced in undifferentiated, proliferating and potentially migrating HPCs during severe progressive canine liver disease (LDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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van Sprundel RGHM, van den Ingh TSGAM, Guscetti F, Kershaw O, van Wolferen ME, Rothuizen J, Spee B. Classification of primary hepatic tumours in the cat. Vet J 2014; 202:255-66. [PMID: 25439443 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic tumours in dogs have recently been re-classified to follow a revised human classification system that takes account of identified hepatic progenitor cells. This study investigated the presence and relative frequency of morphological types of feline primary hepatic neoplasms and aimed to determine whether a similar new classification scheme could be applied in cats. Feline primary liver tumours (n = 61) were examined histologically and with a series of immunohistochemical markers. Six cases of nodular hyperplasia and 21 tumours of hepatocellular origin were diagnosed. The latter were subdivided into hepatocellular tumours that were well differentiated and had no evidence of metastases (n = 18) and tumours that showed poorly differentiated areas with marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and had intrahepatic and, or, distant metastases (n = 3). These malignant feline hepatocellular tumours maintained their hepatocellular characteristics (HepPar-1, MRP2, pCEA positive) and were negative, or only <5% positive, for K19. Twenty-five cholangiocellular tumours were diagnosed and all had intrahepatic and, or, distant metastases. Eight NSE positive small cell carcinomas (carcinoids) were diagnosed and subdivided into small cell carcinomas with HPC characteristics (K19 positive) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (K19 negative). In addition, one squamous cell carcinoma originating from the distal part of the choledochal duct was recognised. Feline primary hepatic neoplasms can be sub-divided into benign and malignant hepatocellular tumours, cholangiocellular carcinomas, small cell carcinomas with HPC characteristics, neuroendocrine carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. The marked species difference justifies a specific classification for feline primary hepatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G H M van Sprundel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Gracanin A, van Wolferen ME, Sartorius CA, Brenkman AB, Schoonen WG, Mol JA. Canid progesterone receptors lack activation function 3 domain-dependent activity. Endocrinology 2012; 153:6104-13. [PMID: 23041671 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone regulates multiple behavioral, physiological, and pathological aspects of female reproductive biology through its two progesterone receptors (PRs), PR-B and the truncated PR-A. PR-B is necessary for mammary gland development in mice and, compared with PR-A, is overall a stronger transactivator of target genes due to an additional activation function 3 (AF3) domain. In dogs, known for their high sensitivity to progesterone-induced mammary cancer, the PR-B function was studied. Canine PR (cPR)-B appeared to contain multiple mutations within AF3 core sequence motifs and lacks N-terminal ligand-independent posttranslational modifications. Consequently, cPR-B has a weak transactivation potential on progesterone-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus-luc and progesterone response element 2-luc reporters transiently transfected in hamster, human, or canine cells and also on known target genes FKBP5 and SGK in doxycycline-inducible, stable transfected cPR-B in canine mammary cells. The cPR-B function was restored to the level of human PR-B by the replacement of canine AF3 domain with the human one. The lack of AF3 domain-dependent transcriptional activity was unique for canids (gray wolf, red fox, and raccoon dog) and not present in closely related caniform species (brown bear, gray seal, and domestic ferret). Despite the limited transactivation potential, canids develop normal mammary glands and frequently mammary tumors. Therefore, these results question the role of PR-B in breast cancer development and may explain unique features of canid reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gracanin
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Selvarajah GT, Kirpensteijn J, van Wolferen ME, Rao NAS, Fieten H, Mol JA. Gene expression profiling of canine osteosarcoma reveals genes associated with short and long survival times. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:72. [PMID: 19735553 PMCID: PMC2746177 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiling of spontaneous tumors in the dog offers a unique translational opportunity to identify prognostic biomarkers and signaling pathways that are common to both canine and human. Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for approximately 80% of all malignant bone tumors in the dog. Canine OS are highly comparable with their human counterpart with respect to histology, high metastatic rate and poor long-term survival. This study investigates the prognostic gene profile among thirty-two primary canine OS using canine specific cDNA microarrays representing 20,313 genes to identify genes and cellular signaling pathways associated with survival. This, the first report of its kind in dogs with OS, also demonstrates the advantages of cross-species comparison with human OS. Results The 32 tumors were classified into two prognostic groups based on survival time (ST). They were defined as short survivors (dogs with poor prognosis: surviving fewer than 6 months) and long survivors (dogs with better prognosis: surviving 6 months or longer). Fifty-one transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, with common upregulation of these genes in the short survivors. The overexpressed genes in short survivors are associated with possible roles in proliferation, drug resistance or metastasis. Several deregulated pathways identified in the present study, including Wnt signaling, Integrin signaling and Chemokine/cytokine signaling are comparable to the pathway analysis conducted on human OS gene profiles, emphasizing the value of the dog as an excellent model for humans. Conclusion A molecular-based method for discrimination of outcome for short and long survivors is useful for future prognostic stratification at initial diagnosis, where genes and pathways associated with cell cycle/proliferation, drug resistance and metastasis could be potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. The similarities between human and canine OS makes the dog a suitable pre-clinical model for future 'novel' therapeutic approaches where the current research has provided new insights on prognostic genes, molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in OS pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri T Selvarajah
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Peters MAJ, Mol JA, van Wolferen ME, Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis MA, Teerds KJ, van Sluijs FJ. Expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and steroidogenic enzymes in canine testis tumors. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:22. [PMID: 12646054 PMCID: PMC151794 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2003] [Accepted: 02/14/2003] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Testis tumors occur frequently in dogs. The main types of tumors are Sertoli cell tumors, seminomas, and Leydig cell tumors. Mixed tumors and bilateral occurrence of tumors may be encountered frequently. To elucidate the possible relationship between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and the development of different types of testis tumors in dogs, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), their type I receptor (IGF-IR), and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) was examined. In addition the expression of the steroidogenic enzymes p450-aromatase and 5alpha-reductase type I and type II, and the androgen receptor (AR) was investigated by a semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Both normal testes and testes with tumors were studied. In normal testes a clear expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 and IGFBP5 was found. Expression of IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 was weak. There was also clear expression of the steroidogenic enzymes 5alpha-reductase, aromatase, and the AR. Quantification of RT-PCR products revealed significantly less expression of IGFBP1, IGF-I, and 5alpha-reductase type I in Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas. Leydig cell tumors and mixed tumors had a significantly higher expression of IGFBP4 and IGF-IR than normal testes. The expression of aromatase was lower in seminomas and in mixed tumors. The expression of AR, IGF-II and IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, and 5alpha-reductase type II did not differ among the different types of tumors. It was concluded that Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas have a comparable expression of the IGF system while Leydig cell tumors have a different pattern, suggesting difference in pathobiology among these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique AJ Peters
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for the Quality of Care, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja J Teerds
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Sluijs
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
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