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Astrella A, Iordanov D, De Caro D, Jiménez-Reyes P, Mendiguchia J. Biceps femoris muscle-tendon strain during an entire overground sprint acceleration: a biomechanical explanation for hamstring injuries in the acceleration phase. Sports Biomech 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38739086 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2353233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to analyse the peak muscle-tendon (MT) strain of the hamstring during an entire acceleration sprint overground and examine their relationship with relative joint angles and segment orientation in the sagittal plane, which are the direct causes of MT strain. Kinematic data were recorded using a 3D inertial motion capture system in 21 male semi-professional soccer players during 40-metre overground sprint. Scaled musculoskeletal models were used to estimate peak MT strain in the hamstring over 16 steps. Biceps femoris long head (BFLH) exhibited the largest peaks in MT strain compared to semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles across all the steps, with its overall strain decreased as the number of steps and maximum speed increased. Hip flexion angle was found to be a strong predictor (p < 0.001) of joint angles, being the orientation of the pelvis in the sagittal plane of the segment with the greatest influence (p < 0.001) on the peak MT strain of BFLH during sprinting. The current study provides a biomechanical explanation for the high proportion of hamstring injuries in the acceleration phase of sprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Astrella
- International Doctoral School, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Muscle Science, RX2 Sports & Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Iordanov
- Sports Department, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dario De Caro
- Department of Muscle Science, RX2 Sports & Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Muscle Science, RX2 Sports & Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, Spain
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Forelli F, Riera J, Marine P, Gaspar M, Memain G, Miraglia N, Nielsen-LE Roux M, Bouzekraoui Alaoui I, Kakavas G, Hewett TE, King E, Rambaud AJ. Implementing Velocity-Based Training to Optimize Return to Sprint After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Soccer Players: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:355-365. [PMID: 38439768 PMCID: PMC10909314 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), return to sprint is poorly documented in the literature. In soccer, return to sprint is an essential component of return to play and performance after ACLR. The characteristics of running in soccer are specific (velocity differences, nonlinear, intensity). It is important to address these particularities, such as curvilinear running, acceleration, deceleration, changes of direction, and variations in velocity, in the patient's rehabilitation program. Force, velocity, and acceleration capacities are key elements to sprint performance. Velocity-based training (VBT) has gained much interest in recent years and may have a role to play in optimizing return to play and return to sprint after ACLR. Force, velocity, and acceleration can be assessed using force-velocity-power and acceleration-speed profiles, which should inform rehabilitation. The purpose of this commentary is to describe a velocity-based return to sprint program which can be used during ACLR rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Forelli
- Orthosport Rehab Center, Domont, France
- Clinic of Domont, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Ramsay Healthcare, Domont, France
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
| | - Jérôme Riera
- University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Bordeaux, College of Health Sciences, IUSR, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maxime Gaspar
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | - Geoffrey Memain
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | | | | | - Ismail Bouzekraoui Alaoui
- Mohammed VI Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Research Unit, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Georgios Kakavas
- Fysiotek Spine & Sports Lab, Athens, Greece
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, @ErgoMechLab, Trikala,Greece
| | - Timothy E Hewett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Enda King
- Rehabilitation Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandre Jm Rambaud
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Etienne. France
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Alonso-Callejo A, García-Unanue J, Guitart-Trench M, Majano C, Gallardo L, Felipe JL. Validity and Reliability of the Acceleration-Speed Profile for Assessing Running Kinematics' Variables Derived From the Force-Velocity Profile in Professional Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:563-570. [PMID: 37831781 PMCID: PMC10880943 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alonso-Callejo, A, García-Unanue, J, Guitart-Trench, M, Majano, C, Gallardo, L, and Felipe, J. Validity and reliability of the acceleration-speed profile for assessing running kinematics' variables derived from the force-velocity profile in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 563-570, 2024-The aim of this research is to assess the validity and reliability of the acceleration-speed profile (ASP) for measuring the mechanical variables of running kinematics when compared with the force-velocity profile (FVP) obtained by reference systems. The ASP and FVP of 14 male players of an elite football club were assessed during a competitive microcycle. Three ASPs were tested according to the number and type of sessions included in its plotting (ASP1: 5 training sessions and competitive match; ASP2: 5 training sessions; ASP3: competitive match). Force-velocity profile was tested 4 days before match (MD-4) with a 30-m linear sprint using 3 previously validated devices (encoder, mobile App, and global positioning system). Level of significance was p < 0.05. Acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.5) was found between the ASP1 and the encoder for all variables (F 0 -A 0 , V 0 -S 0 , and V max ). The more reliable ASP method was the ASP1 showing a lower bias than the ASP2 and ASP3 methods for almost all variables and reference systems. For ASP1, lower mean absolute error (MAE: 0.3-0.5) and higher correlation (P-M corr: 0.57-0.92) were found on variables related to the velocity in comparison with variables related to the early acceleration phase (F 0 -A 0 ; MAE: 0.49-0.63; P-M corr: 0.13-0.41). Acceleration-speed profile, when computed with data from a complete competitive week, is a reliable method for analyzing variables derived from velocity and acceleration kinematics. From these results, practitioners could implement ASP and the applications of the FVP previously studied, such as resistance training prescription, performance assessment, and return-to-play management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alonso-Callejo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marc Guitart-Trench
- Medical and Performance Department, Barça Innovation Hub, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Carlos Majano
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Performance Analysis Department, UD Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Cormier P, Meylan C, Agar-Newman D, Geneau D, Epp-Stobbe A, Lenetsky S, Klimstra M. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Wearable Satellite System Technology for Linear Sprint Profiling: Technological Innovations and Practical Applications. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:405-418. [PMID: 38088913 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cormier, P, Meylan, C, Agar-Newman, D, Geneau, D, Epp-Stobbe, A, Lenetsky, S, and Klimstra, M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of wearable satellite system technology for linear sprint profiling: technological innovations and practical applications. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 405-418, 2024-An emerging and promising practice is the use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology to profile team-sports athletes in training and competition. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the literature regarding satellite system sensor usage for sprint modeling and to consolidate the findings to evaluate its validity and reliability. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic search of the databases, PubMed and SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), was conducted. Concurrent validity and reliability studies were considered, and 16 studies were retained for the review from the initial 1,485 studies identified. The effects on outcomes were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs, Cohen's d ) for each outcome (i.e., maximal sprint speed [MSS], the acceleration constant [τ], maximal theoretical velocity [ V0 ], relative force [ F0 ], and relative power [P max ]). Effect magnitudes represented the SMD between GNSS-derived and criterion-derived (i.e., radar and laser) and resulted in the following estimates: small for MSS ( d = 0.22, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.42), τ ( d = -0.18, 95% CI -0.60 to 0.23), V0 ( d = 0.14, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.36), relative F0 ( d = 0.15, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.55), and relative P max ( d = 0.21, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.58). No publication bias was identified in meta-analyzed studies and moderator analysis revealed that several factors (sampling rate and sensor manufacturer) influenced the results. Heterogeneity between studies was considered moderate to high. This highlighted the differences between studies in sensor technology differences (i.e., sampling rate, sensor fusion, and satellite network acquisition), processing techniques, criterion technology used, sprint protocols, outcome reporting, and athlete characteristics. These findings may be useful in guiding improvements in sprint modeling using GNSS technology and enable more direct comparisons in future research. Implementation of all-out linear sprint efforts with GNSS technology can be integrated into sport-specific sessions for sprint modeling when robust and consistent data processing protocols are performed, which has important implications for fatigue monitoring, program design, systematic testing, and rehabilitation in individual and team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Health and Athletic Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - César Meylan
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Toronto Football Club, Health and Performance Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Dana Agar-Newman
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Geneau
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amarah Epp-Stobbe
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth Lenetsky
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Toronto Football Club, Health and Performance Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Marc Klimstra
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Weber JA, Hart NH, Rantalainen T, Connick M, Newton RU. Assessment of Ground Contact Time in the Field: Evaluation of Validity and Reliability. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e34-e39. [PMID: 38085634 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Weber, JA, Hart, NH, Rantalainen, T, Connick, M, and Newton, RU. Assessment of ground contact time in the field: evaluation of validity and reliability. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): e34-e39, 2024-The capacity to measure the kinetic and kinematic components of running has been extensively investigated in laboratory settings. Many authors have produced work that is of high value to practitioners within sporting environments; however, the lack of field-based technology to assess features of running gait validly and reliably has prevented the application of these valuable works. This paper examines the validity and reliability of a practical field-based methodology for using commercial inertial measurement units (IMUs) to assess ground contact time (GCT). Validity was examined in the comparison of GCT measured from ground reaction force by a force plate and that determined by a lumbar mounted commercial IMU and analyzed using a commercially available system (SPEEDSIG). Reliability was assessed by a field-based examination of within and between-session variability in GCT measured using a commercially available system (SPEEDSIG). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results for validity (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.83) and reliability (ICC 0.91) confirm that the described field-based methodology is qualified for use to determine GCT in a practical setting. The implications of this study are important as they offer sport practitioners (S&C coaches, rehab specialists, and physios) a scalable method to assess GCT in the field to develop greater understanding of their athletes and improve performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, these results provide the foundation for further work that could provide greater detail describing individual running gait in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Weber
- UWA Tech and Policy Lab, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Healthcare Translation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
- Gerontology Research Centre & Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mark Connick
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Durán-Custodio R, Castillo D, Raya-González J, Yanci J. Is a Maximal Strength-Training Program Effective on Physical Fitness, Injury Incidence, and Injury Burden in Semi-Professional Soccer Players? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3195. [PMID: 38132085 PMCID: PMC10742471 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to analyze the effects of a 12-week maximal strength- training program on injury incidence, injury burden, and physical fitness in semi-professional soccer players and to compare the perceived exertion load and well-being state between injured and non-injured soccer players. Twenty semi-professional male soccer players participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 10 players), who performed a maximal strength-training program, or to a control group (CG, n = 10 players), who only performed their regular soccer training. Physical fitness was measured at baseline and after the training program. In addition, the injury incidence, burden, training/match load, and the state of well-being of the players were recorded. The EG showed significant improvements in vertical jumps, change in direction ability, linear sprints, repeated sprint ability, isometric strength (p < 0.003; effect size = 1.78-11.86), and quadriceps-hamstring imbalance in both legs (p < 0.001; effect size = 2.37-3.71) in comparison to the CG. In addition, the EG players showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower injury burden (p < 0.001, relative risk = 5.05, 95% confidence interval = 3.27-7.79). This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of a 12-week maximal strength-training program on physical fitness attributes and injury burden in semi-professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Durán-Custodio
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | | | - Javier Yanci
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
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Cormier P, Tsai MC, Meylan C, Soares VHT, Clarke DC, Klimstra M. Minimal Number of Events Required for Acceleration-Speed Profiling in Elite Women's Soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1457-1460. [PMID: 37741637 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the minimum number of events (training or matches) for producing valid acceleration-speed (AS) profiles from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. METHODS Nine elite female soccer players participated in a 4-week training camp consisting of 19 events. AS profile metrics calculated from different combinations of athlete events were compared to force-velocity (FV) profile metrics from 2 × 40-m stand-alone sprint effort trials, using the same GNSS 10-Hz technology. Force-velocity profiles were calculated, from which AS profiles were obtained. AS profiles from training and matches were generated by plotting acceleration and speed points and performing a regression through the maximal points to obtain the AS metrics (theoretical maximal speed, x-intercept [in meters per second], theoretical maximal acceleration, y-intercept [in meters per second squared], and the slope per second). A linear mixed model was performed with the AS metrics as the outcome variables, the number of events as a fixed effect, and the participant identifier as a mixed effect. Dunnett post hoc multiple comparisons were used to compare the means of each number of event grouping (1-19 events) to those estimated from the dedicated sprint test. RESULTS Theoretical maximal speed and theoretical maximal acceleration means were no longer significantly different from the isolated sprint reference with 9 to 19 (small to trivial differences = -0.31 to -0.04 m·s-1, P = .12-.99) and 6 to 19 (small differences = -0.4 to -0.28 m·s-2, P = .06-.79) events, and the slopes were no longer different with 1 to 19 events (trivial differences = 0.06-0.03 s-1, P = .35-.99). CONCLUSIONS AS profiles can be estimated from a minimum of 9 days of tracking data. Future research should investigate methodology resulting in AS profiles estimated from fewer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Health and Athletic Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cesar Meylan
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Health and Athletic Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victor H T Soares
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - David C Clarke
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- SFU Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marc Klimstra
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Bustamante-Garrido A, Izquierdo M, Miarka B, Cuartero-Navarrete A, Pérez-Contreras J, Aedo-Muñoz E, Cerda-Kohler H. Mechanical Determinants of Sprinting and Change of Direction in Elite Female Field Hockey Players. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7663. [PMID: 37765720 PMCID: PMC10537788 DOI: 10.3390/s23187663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Profile determination in field hockey is critical to determining athletes' physical strengths and weaknesses, and is key in planning, programming, and monitoring training. This study pursued two primary objectives: (i) to provide descriptive data on sprinting, deceleration, and change of direction (COD) abilities and (ii) to elucidate the mechanical variables that influence sprint and COD performance in elite female field hockey players. Using radar and time-gate technology, we assessed performance and mechanical data from 30 m sprinting, deceleration, and COD tests for 26 elite female hockey players. A machine learning approach identified mechanical variables related to sprint and COD performance. Our findings offer a framework for athlete categorization and the design of performance-enhancing training strategies at the international level. Two pivotal mechanical variables-relative maximum horizontal force (F0) and maximum velocity (Vmax)-predominantly influence the times across all tested distances. However, the force-velocity profile (FVP) and horizontal deceleration do not influence the variance in the COD test outcomes. These insights can guide the design, adjustment, and monitoring of training programs, assisting coaches in decision making to optimize performance and mitigate injury risks for female hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bustamante-Garrido
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (A.B.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
- Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Ministerio del Deporte de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Performance in Sports and Combats, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Contreras
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (A.B.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (EDULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Esteban Aedo-Muñoz
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Ministerio del Deporte de Chile, Santiago 7750000, Chile
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Performance in Sports and Combats, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Hugo Cerda-Kohler
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Performance in Sports and Combats, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
- Unidad de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Centro de Innovación, Clínica MEDS, Santiago 7691236, Chile
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9
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Klimstra M, Geneau D, Lacroix M, Jensen M, Greenshields J, Cormier P, Brodie R, Commandeur D, Tsai MC. Wheelchair Rugby Sprint Force-Velocity Modeling Using Inertial Measurement Units and Sport Specific Parameters: A Proof of Concept. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7489. [PMID: 37687947 PMCID: PMC10490617 DOI: 10.3390/s23177489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Para-sports such as wheelchair rugby have seen increased use of inertial measurement units (IMU) to measure wheelchair mobility. The accessibility and accuracy of IMUs have enabled the quantification of many wheelchair metrics and the ability to further advance analyses such as force-velocity (FV) profiling. However, the FV modeling approach has not been refined to include wheelchair specific parameters. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare wheelchair rugby sprint FV profiles, developed from a wheel-mounted IMU, using current mono-exponential modeling techniques against a dynamic resistive force model with wheelchair specific resistance coefficients. METHODS Eighteen athletes from a national wheelchair rugby program performed 2 × 45 m all-out sprints on an indoor hardwood court surface. RESULTS Velocity modelling displayed high agreeability, with an average RMSE of 0.235 ± 0.07 m/s-1 and r2 of 0.946 ± 0.02. Further, the wheelchair specific resistive force model resulted in greater force and power outcomes, better aligning with previously collected measures. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the proof of concept that a wheel-mounted IMU combined with wheelchair-specific FV modelling provided estimates of force and power that better account for the resistive forces encountered by wheelchair rugby athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Klimstra
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Daniel Geneau
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Melissa Lacroix
- Canadian Sport Institute Ontario, Toronto, ON M1C 0C7, Canada
- Wheelchair Rugby Canada, Ottawa, ON K1G 4K3, Canada
| | - Matt Jensen
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Cormier
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Ryan Brodie
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
| | - Drew Commandeur
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada
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10
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Cormier P, Tsai MC, Meylan C, Klimstra M. Comparison of acceleration-speed profiles from training and competition to individual maximal sprint efforts. J Biomech 2023; 157:111724. [PMID: 37451206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) compare "in-situ" monitored acceleration-speed (ASin-situ) profile metrics from training/competition data in elite female soccer players to similar metrics from profiles developed from isolated maximal sprint efforts (ASsprint) and; (2) compare the confidence interval (CI) and a Tukey boxplot (BP) outlier removal technique on the training/competition data to derive ASin-situ profiles. Fifteen national team soccer players participated in a 4-week camp while wearing 10 Hz GNSS units. Towards the middle of the camp, 2 × 40 m isolated maximal sprints were performed. ASin-situ profiles (theoretical maximum acceleration A0 in m∙s-2 and speed S0 in m∙s-1) were computed using the CI and BP techniques with training/competition data. The sprint data were modelled separately to construct horizontal force-velocity (FV) profiles, from which ASsprint profiles were derived. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between the CI- and BP-derived ASin-situ profiles to the ASsprint profiles, as well as regression analysis for systematic and proportional bias. Additionally, 1-way ANOVAs with Tukey posthoc compared the metrics between each method of analysis. Using the BP method, good agreement of the ASin-situ with ASsprint profile metrics A0/S0 was displayed, whereas good to moderate agreement was shown for the CI. The CI technique showed a proportional bias for A0/S0. Good to excellent intertrial reliability was demonstrated for isolated sprint metrics. Both BP and CI techniques provided comparable ASin-situ profiles to ASsprint profiles. This current research demonstrated that ASin-situ profiling is applicable in elite women's soccer and will have further application in many team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Health and Athletic Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - César Meylan
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Health and Athletic Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Klimstra
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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11
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Crawford SK, Hickey J, Vlisides J, Chambers JS, Mosiman SJ, Heiderscheit BC. The effects of hip- vs. knee-dominant hamstring exercise on biceps femoris morphology, strength, and sprint performance: a randomized intervention trial protocol. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:72. [PMID: 37365624 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamstrings are an important muscle group that contribute to horizontal force during sprint acceleration and are also the most injured muscle group in running-based sports. Given the significant time loss associated with hamstrings injury and impaired sprinting performance following return to sport, identifying exercises that drive adaptations that are both protective of strain injury and beneficial to sprint performance is important for the strength and conditioning professional. This paper describes the study protocol investigating the effects of a 6-week training program using either the hip-dominant Romanian deadlift (RDL) or the knee-dominant Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on hamstring strain injury risk factors and sprint performance. METHODS A permuted block randomized (1:1 allocation) intervention trial will be conducted involving young, physically-active men and women. A target sample size of 32 will be recruited and enrolled participants will undergo baseline testing involving extended-field-of-view ultrasound imaging and shear wave elastography of the biceps femoris long head muscle, maximal hamstrings strength testing in both the RDL and NHE, and on-field sprint performance and biomechanics. Participants will complete the 6-week training intervention using either the RDL or NHE, according to group allocation. Baseline testing will be repeated at the end of the 6-week intervention followed by 2 weeks of detraining and a final testing session. The primary outcome will be regional changes in fascicle length with secondary outcomes including pennation angle, muscle cross sectional area, hamstring strength, and maximal sprint performance and biomechanics. An exploratory aim will determine changes in shear wave velocity. DISCUSSION Despite extensive research showing the benefits of the NHE on reducing hamstring strain injury risk, alternative exercises, such as the RDL, may offer similar or potentially even greater benefits. The findings of this study will aim to inform future researchers and practitioners investigating alternatives to the NHE, such as the RDL, in terms of their effectiveness in reducing rates of hamstring strain injury in larger scale prospective intervention studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05455346; July 15, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Crawford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Jack Hickey
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Sport Science and Nutrition, Maynooth University, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Jessica Vlisides
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel J Mosiman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Forelli F, Le Coroller N, Gaspar M, Memain G, Kakavas G, Miraglia N, Marine P, Maille P, Hewett TE, Rambaud AJ. Ecological and Specific Evidence-Based Safe Return To Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Soccer Players: A New International Paradigm. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:526-540. [PMID: 37020454 PMCID: PMC10069338 DOI: 10.26603/001c.73031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing return to play (RTP) assessments have not demonstrated the ability to decrease risk of subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after reconstruction (ACLR). RTP criteria are standardized and do not simulate the physical and cognitive activity required by the practice of sport. Most RTP criteria do not include an ecological approach. There are scientific algorithms as the "5 factor maximum model" that can identify risk profiles and help reduce the risk of a second anterior cruciate ligament injury. Nevertheless, these algorithms remain too standardized and do not include the situations experienced in games by soccer players. This is why it is important to integrate ecological situations specific to the environment of soccer players in order to evaluate players under conditions closest to their sporting activity, especially with high cognitive load. One should identify high risk players under two conditions: Clinical analyses commonly include assessments such as isokinetic testing, functional tests (hop tests, vertical force-velocity, profile), running, clinical assessments (range of motion and graft laxity), proprioception and balance (Star Excursion Balance Test modified, Y-Balance, stabilometry) and psychological parameters (kinesophobia, quality of life and fear of re-injury). Field testing usually includes game simulation, evaluation under dual-task conditions, fatigue and workload analysis, deceleration, timed-agility-test and horizontal force-velocity profiles. Although it seems important to evaluate strength, psychological variables and aerobic and anaerobic capacities, evaluation of neuromotor control in standard and ecological situations may be helpful for reducing the risk of injury after ACLR. This proposal for RTP testing after ACLR is supported by the scientific literature and attempts to approximate the physical and cognitive loads during a soccer match. Future scientific investigation will be required to demonstrate the validity of this approach. Level of Evidence 5.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in Rugby Union, representing up to 15% of all injuries sustained. We aimed to systematically review and summarize the scientific literature that addressed hamstring strain injury incidence, risk factors, injury prevention or strengthening strategies, and strength or asymmetry measures in Rugby Union. METHODS We conducted a systematic search to locate published peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, SPORTDiscusTM, Web of Science®, and Scopus® e-databases. Studies included were original research conducted in Rugby Union that evaluated hamstring strength, hamstring strengthening interventions, and/or hamstring injury outcomes. Included studies were quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Twenty-four studies met inclusion and altogether involved 2866 participants. Isokinetic testing was the most common method used to quantify hamstring strength and imbalances in Rugby Union; with data indicating that professionals are stronger than amateurs, and forwards are stronger than backs. Regarding risk factors, we identified playing position, fatigue, previous injuries, between leg strength imbalances, lack of readiness to return to play post injury, and game actions (i.e. running). There is evidence to support the use of Nordic eccentric strength measures to inform practice, with strength and imbalances useful in predicting injuries. Strengthening programs with Nordic exercises significantly increased hamstring strength, increased muscle thickness, and decreased imbalance ratios in female and male players. A significant reduction in injury incidence and severity in professional players has been observed in players performing routines incorporating progressive Nordic exercises. CONCLUSION The etiology of hamstring strain injuries is multifactorial, with playing position, fatigue, previous injuries, leg imbalances, lack of readiness to return to play, and running actions identified as contributing factors across levels. Combining strategies to prevent hamstring injuries and recurrences, and to inform return to play, is likely worthwhile and should include Nordic strength assessment and Nordic exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chavarro-Nieto
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Adams Centre for High Performance, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Martyn Beaven
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Adams Centre for High Performance, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Adams Centre for High Performance, Tauranga, New Zealand.,New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Adams Centre for High Performance, Tauranga, New Zealand
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14
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Weakley J, Pérez Castilla A, García Ramos A, Banyard H, Thurlow F, Edwards T, Morrison M, McMahon E, Owen C. Effect of Traditional, Rest Redistribution, and Velocity-Based Prescription on Repeated Sprint Training Performance and Responses in Semiprofessional Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00195. [PMID: 36727699 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Weakley, J, Castilla, AP, Ramos, AG, Banyard, H, Thurlow, F, Edwards, T, Morrison, M, McMahon, E, and Owen, C. The effect of traditional, rest redistribution, and velocity-based prescription on repeated sprint training performance and responses in semi-professional athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional, rest redistribution, and velocity-based repeated sprint training methods on repeated sprint performance, perceived effort, heart rate, and changes in force-velocity-power (FVP) profiles in male semiprofessional athletes. In a randomized crossover design, a traditional (2 sets of 6 repetitions [TRAD]), 2 different rest redistribution (4 sets of 3 repetitions [RR4] and 12 sets of 1 repetition [RR12]), and a 5% velocity loss (VL5%) (12 repetitions, with sets terminated when a 5% reduction in mean velocity had occurred) condition were completed. Mean and peak velocity, mean heart rate, and differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) were measured throughout each session, while horizontal FVP profiles were assessed presession and postsession. The RR4 and RR12 conditions allowed the greatest maintenance of velocity, while the RR4, RR12, and VL5% had a moderate, significantly greater mean heart rate than the traditional condition. Trivial, nonsignificant differences between all conditions were observed in dRPE of the legs and breathlessness and FVP profiles. These findings indicate that rest redistribution can allow for greater maintenance of sprint velocity and heart rate, without altering perceived effort during repeated sprint training. In addition, velocity-loss thresholds may be a feasible method of prescription if athletes have diverse physical qualities and reductions in sprint performance during repeated sprint training are undesirable. Practitioners should consider these outcomes when designing repeated sprint training sessions because the strategic use of these methods can alter sprint performance and internal load without changing perceptions of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Weakley
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Center, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alejandro Pérez Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Harry Banyard
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fraser Thurlow
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Toby Edwards
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; and
| | - Matthew Morrison
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric McMahon
- National Strength and Conditioning Association, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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Cormier P, Tsai MC, Meylan C, Agar-Newman D, Epp-Stobbe A, Kalthoff Z, Klimstra M. Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Different Technologies for Sprint-Derived Horizontal Force-Velocity-Power Profiling. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1298-1305. [PMID: 36727987 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cormier, P, Tsai, M-C, Meylan, C, Agar-Newman, D, Epp-Stobbe, A, Kalthoff, Z, and Klimstra, M. Concurrent validity and reliability of different technologies for sprint-derived horizontal force-velocity-power profiling. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-This study evaluated the validity and reliability of common systems to assess sprint-derived horizontal force-velocity-power (FVPH) profile metrics. Two double constellation athlete monitoring systems (STATSports Apex, Catapult Vector S7) and one timing gate system were compared with a radar gun for the computation of FVPH metrics. Intersystem validity was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficients (R2), and Bland-Altman plots with absolute and percent agreement. Intrasystem reliability was assessed with agreement bias and ICC. STATSports demonstrated moderate agreement for F0, Pmax, τ, and Drf (8.62, 6.46, -9.81, and 9.96%, respectively) and good agreement for V0 and MSS (-2.18 and -1.62%). Catapult displayed good agreement across all metrics (F0, V0, Pmax, MSS, τ, and Drf: -0.96, -0.89, -1.85, -0.84, 0.38, and -0.27%, respectively). Timing gates demonstrated good agreement with V0 and MSS (-2.62 and -1.71%) and poor agreement with F0, Pmax, τ, and Drf (19.17, 16.64, -20.49, and 20.18%, respectively). Intrasystem reliability demonstrated good agreement (<2% bias) with very large to near-perfect ICC (0.84-0.99) for Catapult and STATSports systems. Overall, GPS/GNSS 10 Hz technology is reliable across devices and can provide moderate-to-good accuracy of FVPH metrics in single maximal effort sprints. However, Catapult provided better agreement for more FVPH metrics than STATSports, which may be related to differences in proprietary algorithms. Also, modeling timing gate data using current FVPH profiling techniques results in poor bias that requires greater investigation. GPS/GNSS data can be used for FVPH profiling, which could inform performance and rehabilitation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Physical Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - César Meylan
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Physical Performance Department, Canada Soccer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dana Agar-Newman
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amarah Epp-Stobbe
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zach Kalthoff
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc Klimstra
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Alonso-Callejo A, García-Unanue J, Perez-Guerra A, Gomez D, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Gallardo L, Oliva-Lozano JM, Felipe JL. Effect of playing position and microcycle days on the acceleration speed profile of elite football players. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19266. [PMID: 36357478 PMCID: PMC9649751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the A-S profile of elite football players induced by playing position and the microcycle day. Players belonged to a second division club in the Spanish La Liga competition. They were classified into five playing positions: central defenders (CD), full backs (FB), midfielders (MF), wide midfielders (WMF) and forwards (FW). Microcycle days were categorised according to the days until matchday (MD, MD-1, MD-2, MD-3, MD-4 and MD-5). Data was collected along six microcycles, including one match per microcycle. The variables analysed were: maximal theoretical acceleration (A0), maximal theoretical speed (S0), maximal acceleration (ACCmax), maximal speed (Smax) and A-S slope (ASslope). Significant differences were found within positions and microcycle day for all variables (p < 0.05). Match day (MD) showed greater values than the training sessions in A0, ACCmax and Smax (p < 0.05). The highest values for variables associated with acceleration capabilities were found in CD on MD, whereas speed variables were higher in WMF. MD-2 showed the lowest values in all variables except for ASslope. Maximal acceleration and sprint abilities are therefore affected by playing position. Wide positions showed the highest speed capacity, and CD presented a likely acceleration profile. Higher values for all variables concerning the microcycle day, were achieved on MD, and were not reproduced during training with the consequent injury risk and performance decrease it takes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alonso-Callejo
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Unanue
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés Perez-Guerra
- Performance Analysis Department, UD Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Gomez
- Performance Analysis Department, UD Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- grid.119375.80000000121738416School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C. Tajo, S/N, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose María Oliva-Lozano
- grid.28020.380000000101969356Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain ,Unión Deportiva Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain ,Performance Analysis Department, UD Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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17
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Aidar FJ, Brito CJ, de Matos DG, de Oliveira LAS, de Souza RF, de Almeida-Neto PF, de Araújo Tinoco Cabral BG, Neiva HP, Neto FR, Reis VM, Marinho DA, Marques MC, Clemente FM, Nobari H. Force-velocity relationship in Paralympic powerlifting: two or multiple-point methods to determine a maximum repetition. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:159. [PMID: 36002849 PMCID: PMC9400284 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the absence of evidence in the literature on Paralympic Powerlifting the present study investigated various methods to assess bench press maximum repetition and the way each method influences the measurement of minimum velocity limit (MVT), load at zero velocity (LD0), and force–velocity (FV).
Objective To evaluate the precision of the multi-point method using proximal loads (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of one repetition maximum; 1RM) compared to the four-point method (50, 60, 70, and 80% of 1RM) and the two-point method using distant loads (40 and 80% and 50 and 80% of 1RM) in in the MVT, LD0, and FV, in bench press performed by Paralympic Powerlifters (PP).
Methods To accomplish this, 15 male elite PP athletes participated in the study (age: 27.7 ± 5.7 years; BM: 74.0 ± 19.5 kg). All participants performed an adapted bench press test (free weight) with 6 loads (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% 1RM), 4 loads (50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM), and 2 loads (40–80% and 50–80% 1RM). The 1RM predictions were made by MVT, LD0, and FV.
Results The main results indicated that the multiple (4 and 6) pointsmethod provides good results in the MVT (R2 = 0.482), the LD0 (R2 = 0.614), and the FV (R2 = 0.508). The two-point method (50–80%) showed a higher mean in MVT [1268.2 ± 502.0 N; ICC95% 0.76 (0.31–0.92)], in LD0 [1504.1 ± 597.3 N; 0.63 (0.17–0.86)], and in FV [1479.2 ± 636.0 N; 0.60 (0.10–0.86)].
Conclusion The multiple-point method (4 and 6 points) and the two-point method (40–80%) using the MVT, LD0, and FV all showed a good ability to predict bench press 1RM in PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.,Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ciro José Brito
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.,Cardiorespiratory and Physiology of Exercise Research Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Levy Anthony S de Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Rapahel Fabrício de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Frederico Ribeiro Neto
- Paralympic Sports Program, SARAH Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brasilia, 71535-005, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário C Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de La Universidad, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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18
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Pérez-Castilla A, Samozino P, Jukic I, Iglesias-Soler E, García-Ramos A. The linear regression model provides the force-velocity relationship parameters with the highest reliability. Sports Biomech 2022:1-20. [PMID: 35377269 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2058992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An a-posteriori multicentre reliability study was conducted to compare the between-session reliability of the force-velocity relationship parameters (force-intercept [F0], velocity-intercept [v0], and maximum power [Pmax]) between different regression models during the bench press (BP) and bench press throw (BPT) exercises. Data from four and three studies were considered for the BP (n = 102) and BPT (n = 81) exercises, respectively. The force-velocity relationships were determined using five regression models: linear multiple-point, linear two-point, quadratic polynomial, hyperbolic, and exponential. All regression models provided F0 and Pmax with acceptable reliability (cut-off CV ≤ 9.45%; cut-off ICC ≥ 0.79) with the exceptions of F0 for the quadratic polynomial and hyperbolic models (BPT) and Pmax for the exponential model (BP and BPT). Only the linear multiple- and linear two-point models provided v0 with acceptable absolute reliability (cut-off CV ≤ 7.72%). Regardless of the exercise, the reliability of the three parameters was generally higher for the linear multiple- and two-point models compared to the other models (CVratio ≥ 1.22), and no significant differences were observed between multiple- and linear two-point models (CVratio ≤ 1.11). Linear regression models are recommended to maximise the reliability of the force-velocity relationship parameters during the BP and BPT exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont BlancInter-university, Chambery, France
| | - Ivan Jukic
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of a Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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19
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González-Frutos P, Aguilar-Navarro M, Morencos E, Mallo J, Veiga S. Relationships between Strength and Step Frequency with Fatigue Index in Repeated Sprint Ability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010196. [PMID: 35010456 PMCID: PMC8750594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Force-velocity profile (FVP) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) tests are indicators of physical capacities in most team sport players. The purpose of this study was to examine the stride kinematics during a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test and to analyze the relationship between Bosco's force-velocity profile (FVP) and RSA performance in elite female field hockey players. Thirteen elite-female players performed both RSA (six 30 m maximal sprints) and jumping (CMJ weighted and body weight) tests. Sprinting time fatigue indexes during a 30 m RSA test were correlated with step frequency fatigue indexes (r > 0.7; p < 0.01). CMJ50 showed a large relationship with sprint time fatigue indexes. FV50 showed a very large relationship with sprint time fatigue indexes (r > 0.7; p < 0.01), and a large relationship with the step frequency fatigue indexes (r > 0.5; p < 0.05). This study highlighted two possible ways to improve fatigue indexes in RSA, with the aim of maximizing the distances covered at high-intensities during the matches: (a) strength training and (b) focusing on step frequency during speed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo González-Frutos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Millán Aguilar-Navarro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Esther Morencos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.-N.); (E.M.)
| | - Javier Mallo
- Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Veiga
- Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.); (S.V.)
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20
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Hughes R, Cross M, Stokes K, Tobin D, Power E, McNally S, Pamment J. Novel biomechanical injury risk score demonstrates correlation with lower limb posterior chain injury in 50 elite-level rugby union athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001062. [PMID: 34745646 PMCID: PMC8527128 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lower limb posterior chain injury (PCI) is common among athletic populations, with multifactorial risk factors including age, previous injury, strength measurements, range of motion and training load. Biomechanics are commonly considered in the prevention and rehabilitation of PCI by performance staff. However, there is no documented testing method to assess for associations between biomechanics and PCI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between an easily applicable, novel biomechanical assessment tool and PCI. Methods Fifty male elite-level rugby union athletes (age 22.83±5.08) participating in the highest tier of England were tested at the start of the 2019 preseason period and PCIs (N=48) were recorded over the 2019/2020 playing season. Participants’ biomechanics were analysed using two-dimensional video analysis against an injury risk score (IRS) system in the performance of the combined movement—prone hip extension and knee flexion. Participants’ biomechanics in carrying out this movement were scored against the 10-point IRS, where the more compensatory movement recorded sees an increase in an individual’s IRS. Participants’ IRS was then compared against the number of PCIs sustained and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results There is a significant association between IRS and PCI (R=0.542, p<0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that an increase in 1 in IRS was associated with a 35% increase in PCI incidence (R²=0.346). Conclusion A significance between the IRS and PCI provides preliminary support for its use as an injury risk assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hughes
- Performance Medical Department, Gloucester Rugby Ltd, Gloucester, UK.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Matt Cross
- Research and Rugby Development, Premier Rugby Ltd, Twickenham, UK
| | - Keith Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Medical Research, Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Daniel Tobin
- Performance Medical Department, Gloucester Rugby Ltd, Gloucester, UK
| | - Eoin Power
- Performance Medical Department, Gloucester Rugby Ltd, Gloucester, UK
| | - Steph McNally
- Performance Medical Department, Gloucester Rugby Ltd, Gloucester, UK
| | - Jonathan Pamment
- Performance Medical Department, Gloucester Rugby Ltd, Gloucester, UK
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21
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McBurnie AJ, Harper DJ, Jones PA, Dos'Santos T. Deceleration Training in Team Sports: Another Potential 'Vaccine' for Sports-Related Injury? Sports Med 2021. [PMID: 34716561 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity horizontal decelerations occur frequently in team sports and are typically performed to facilitate a reduction in momentum preceding a change of direction manoeuvre or following a sprinting action. The mechanical underpinnings of horizontal deceleration are unique compared to other high-intensity locomotive patterns (e.g., acceleration, maximal sprinting speed), and are characterised by a ground reaction force profile of high impact peaks and loading rates. The high mechanical loading conditions observed when performing rapid horizontal decelerations can lead to tissue damage and neuromuscular fatigue, which may diminish co-ordinative proficiency and an individual’s ability to skilfully dissipate braking loads. Furthermore, repetitive long-term deceleration loading cycles if not managed appropriately may propagate damage accumulation and offer an explanation for chronic aetiological consequences of the ‘mechanical fatigue failure’ phenomenon. Training strategies should look to enhance an athlete’s ability to skilfully dissipate braking loads, develop mechanically robust musculoskeletal structures, and ensure frequent high-intensity horizontal deceleration exposure in order to accustom individuals to the potentially damaging effects of intense decelerations that athletes will frequently perform in competition. Given the apparent importance of horizontal decelerations, in this Current Opinion article we provide considerations for sport science and medicine practitioners around the assessment, training and monitoring of horizontal deceleration. We feel these considerations could lead to new developments in injury-mitigation and physical development strategies in team sports.
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22
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Kalema RN, Schache AG, Williams MD, Heiderscheit B, Siqueira Trajano G, Shield AJ. Sprinting Biomechanics and Hamstring Injuries: Is There a Link? A Literature Review. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9100141. [PMID: 34678922 PMCID: PMC8540816 DOI: 10.3390/sports9100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a common and costly injury in many sports such as the various professional football codes. Most HSIs have been reported to occur during high intensity sprinting actions. This observation has led to the suggestion that a link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs may exist. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence underpinning the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. A structured search of the literature was completed followed by a risk of bias assessment. A total of eighteen studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies involved retrospective and/or prospective analyses, of which only three were judged to have a low risk of bias. Two other case studies captured data before and after an acute HSI. A range of biomechanical variables have been measured, including ground reaction forces, trunk and lower-limb joint angles, hip and knee joint moments and powers, hamstring muscle–tendon unit stretch, and surface electromyographic activity from various trunk and thigh muscles. Overall, current evidence was unable to provide a clear and nonconflicting perspective on the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. Nevertheless, some interesting findings were revealed, which hopefully will stimulate future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy N. Kalema
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, O Block Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (G.S.T.); (A.J.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony G. Schache
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Morgan D. Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 IDL, UK;
| | - Bryan Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Gabriel Siqueira Trajano
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, O Block Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (G.S.T.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Anthony J. Shield
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, O Block Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; (G.S.T.); (A.J.S.)
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23
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Wolski L, Pappas E, Hiller C, Halaki M, Fong Yan A. Is there an association between high-speed running biomechanics and hamstring strain injury? A systematic review. Sports Biomech 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34569907 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1960418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased awareness of the multifactorial nature of Hamstring Strain Injury (HSI), the role of running biomechanics remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether an association exists between running biomechanics and HSI. Five databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Eligibility criteria included epidemiological studies that provide data on running biomechanics in athletes who have sustained a HSI (retrospectively or prospectively) and compared to control data. Searches yielded 4,798 articles. Twelve met the selection criteria. Biomechanical analysis differed considerably across studies, thus meta-analyses was not possible. Studies largely found either no differences or contradicting findings between running biomechanics of athletes who have sustained a HSI (retrospectively or prospectively) and controls, with the exception of lateral trunk kinematics and horizontal propulsive forces. It is important to note some concern regarding the quality of included studies, particularly sample size, increasing the risk of bias associated with results. Further research utilising validated methods of biomechanical analysis, is needed to determine if an association exists between running biomechanics and HSI. Until then, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn as to whether specific biomechanical interventions should be included in injury prevention and/or rehabilitation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wolski
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Hiller
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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24
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Pons E, García-Calvo T, Cos F, Resta R, Blanco H, López Del Campo R, Díaz-García J, Pulido-González JJ. Integrating video tracking and GPS to quantify accelerations and decelerations in elite soccer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18531. [PMID: 34535734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of agreement comparing number and distance covered in different acceleration and deceleration sections registered by a video tracking system (MEDIACOACH) and a GPS device (WIMU PRO) during official competition. Data from a Spanish professional club were registered over the course of a season. First, the descriptive statistics presented more bursts of accelerations and decelerations in WIMU PRO than in MEDIACOACH, whereas the distances covered recorded by both systems were similar. Second, negative relationships were found (i.e., negative bias) comparing WIMU PRO to MEDIACOACH in the number of accelerations and decelerations between 0/1 m/s2 and ½ m/s2 (p < 0.05), and in the distances covered in accelerations and decelerations (p < 0.05) between 0/1 m/s2 and in accelerations and decelerations registered between 2/3 m/s2 and more than 3 m/s2. Moreover, the differences in means (i.e., standardized mean bias) across the two devices were trivial (> 0.19) and small (0.2-0.59) for most variables. The standardized typical errors in the estimate (TEE) were moderate (0.3-0.59) and small to moderate (0.1-0.29 to 0.3-0.59), respectively. Also, the Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for agreement and consistency between systems showed good and excellent values (> 0.90). The magnitude of change in means (%) between systems, defined as the percentage change between the numbers or values, was below 14% and 7% for number and distances covered, respectively. All scores in the smallest worthwhile change were lower than 9% and in the coefficients of variation were lower than 95% and 15%, respectively. Thus, both systems demonstrated an acceptable degree of agreement and could be useful in analyzing players' acceleration demands in professional soccer. However, caution is required when interpreting the results and a comparison with a gold standard is required in order to validate both systems.
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25
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Edouard P, Lahti J, Nagahara R, Samozino P, Navarro L, Guex K, Rossi J, Brughelli M, Mendiguchia J, Morin JB. Low Horizontal Force Production Capacity during Sprinting as a Potential Risk Factor of Hamstring Injury in Football. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157827. [PMID: 34360125 PMCID: PMC8345704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clear decreases in horizontal force production capacity during sprint acceleration have been reported after hamstring injuries (HI) in football players. We hypothesized that lower FH0 is associated with a higher HI occurrence in football players. We aimed to analyze the association between sprint running horizontal force production capacities at low (FH0) and high (V0) velocities, and HI occurrence in football. This prospective cohort study included 284 football players over one season. All players performed 30 m field sprints at the beginning and different times during the season. Sprint velocity data were used to compute sprint mechanical properties. Players' injury data were prospectively collected during the entire season. Cox regression analyses were performed using new HI as the outcome, and horizontal force production capacity (FH0 and V0) was used at the start of the season (model 1) and at each measurement time point within the season (model 2) as explanatory variables, adjusted for individual players' (model 2) age, geographical group of players, height, body mass, and previous HI, with cumulative hours of football practice as the time scale. A total of 47 new HI (20% of all injuries) were observed in 38 out of 284 players (13%). There were no associations between FH0 and/or V0 values at the start of the season and new HI occurrence during the season (model 1). During the season, a total of 801 measurements were performed, from one to six per player. Lower measured FH0 values were significantly associated with a higher risk of sustaining HI within the weeks following sprint measurement (HR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.51 to 4.73), p < 0.001) (model 2). In conclusion, low horizontal force production capacities at low velocity during early sprint acceleration (FH0) may be considered as a potential additional factor associated with HI risk in a comprehensive, multifactorial, and individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
- Sports Medicine Unity, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CEDEX 2, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-674-574-691
| | - Johan Lahti
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France;
| | - Ryu Nagahara
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan;
- Faculty of Sports and Budo Coaching Studies, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Savoie Mont Blanc, EA 7424, F-73000 Chambéry, France;
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Kenny Guex
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Sprints, Hurdles and Relays, Swiss Athletics, Haus des Sports, 3063 Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Rossi
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
| | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Zentrum Rehabilitation and Performance Center, 31002 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, University Lyon, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (J.R.); (J.-B.M.)
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France;
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand;
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26
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Morin JB, Le Mat Y, Osgnach C, Barnabò A, Pilati A, Samozino P, di Prampero PE. Individual acceleration-speed profile in-situ: A proof of concept in professional football players. J Biomech 2021; 123:110524. [PMID: 34023754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessing football players' sprint mechanical outputs is key to the performance management process (e.g. talent identification, training, monitoring, return-to-sport). This is possible using linear sprint testing to derive force-velocity-power outputs (in laboratory or field settings), but testing requires specific efforts and the movement assessed is not specific to the football playing tasks. This proof-of-concept short communication presents a method to derive the players' individual acceleration-speed (AS) profile in-situ, i.e. from global positioning system data collected over several football sessions (without running specific tests). Briefly, raw speed data collected in 16 professional male football players over several training sessions were plotted, and for each 0.2 m/s increment in speed from 3 m/s up to the individual top-speed reached, maximal acceleration output was retained to generate a linear AS profile. Results showed highly linear AS profiles for all players (all R2 > 0.984) which allowed to extrapolate the theoretical maximal speed and accelerations as the individual's sprint maximal capacities. Good reliability was observed between AS profiles determined 2 weeks apart for the players tested, and further research should focus on deepening our understanding of these methodological features. Despite the need for further explorations (e.g. comparison with conceptually close force-velocity assessments that require, isolated and not football-specific linear sprint tests), this in-situ approach is promising and allows direct assessment of football players within their specific acceleration-speed tasks. This opens several perspectives in the performance and injury prevention fields, in football and likely other sprint-based team sports, and the possibility to "test players without testing them".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoit Morin
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Yann Le Mat
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pietro E di Prampero
- Department of Sport Science, Exelio SRL, Udine, Italy; Emeritus Professor of Physiology, University of Udine, Italy
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27
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Dello Iacono A, Padulo J, Bešlija T, Halperin I. Barbell Hip-Thrust Exercise: Test-Retest Reliability and Correlation With Isokinetic Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:659-667. [PMID: 30095734 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dello Iacono, A, Padulo, J, Bešlija, T, and Halperin, I. Barbell hip-thrust exercise: Test-retest reliability and correlation with isokinetic performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 659-667, 2021-The barbell hip-thrust (BHT) exercise is growing in popularity as evident by the large increase in research outputs investigating its utility as a training intervention and a testing tool. The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the BHT and its correlation with isokinetic performance. Test-retest reliability was established by correlating the peak force and power outcomes measured with the BHT force-velocity profile test of 20 handball athletes on 2 separate days. The peak force and power measured with the BHT force-velocity profile test of 49 handball athletes were correlated with peak concentric force of the knee flexors and hip extensors measured with an isokinetic device at 2 different velocities (60-180°·s-1). The correlation between the isokinetic testing scores and the BHT force-velocity profile tests were moderate to large (Pearson r ranges: 0.45-0.86, all p values <0.001). Test-retest reliability of the BHT force-velocity profile was very high as shown with intraclass correlations of 0.94 and 0.99 for peak force and 0.97 and 0.99 for peak power measures. The BHT force-velocity profile can serve as a tentative substitute in cases that athletes do not have access to an isokinetic device, given the moderate to large correlations between them. Moreover, the BHT force-velocity profile was shown to be very reliable, thus providing coaches and scientists a range of day-to-day performance variability in this exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dello Iacono
- Life Science Department, The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.,Sport Science Department, Maccabi Tel Aviv FC, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University Ecampus, Novedrate, Italy.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia; and
| | - Tea Bešlija
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia; and
| | - Israel Halperin
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, New South Wales, Canada
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28
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McCall A, Pruna R, Van der Horst N, Dupont G, Buchheit M, Coutts AJ, Impellizzeri FM, Fanchini M; EFP-Group. Exercise-Based Strategies to Prevent Muscle Injury in Male Elite Footballers: An Expert-Led Delphi Survey of 21 Practitioners Belonging to 18 Teams from the Big-5 European Leagues. Sports Med 2020; 50:1667-81. [PMID: 32676903 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To define based on expert opinion and practical experience using a systematic and scientific approach, (1) the perceived most effective exercise-based strategies to prevent muscle injury in elite footballers; and, (2) when and how these exercise programs are prescribed based on the number of days between games i.e. implementation strategy. Methods A Delphi survey obtained opinions and assessed for agreement. Delphi respondents consisted of 21 experienced sports practitioners (12 ± 5.3 years in elite football and with an academic background) belonging to 18 teams from the Big-5 European football leagues; England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain. Three teams were represented collaboratively by two experts. The Delphi process involves sequential rounds each evolving based on the responses from the previous. The number of rounds is not pre-defined and continues until an agreement is either achieved or it is clear that no agreement will be reached. Frequency of responses was recorded where the agreement was sought (i.e. in closed questions) and an agreement was achieved if ≥ 13/18 (70%) respondents agreed. For open-ended questions, a qualitative content analysis was performed to identify recurring themes and when themes were specified by ≥ 13 (70%), these were also considered as reaching an agreement. Practitioners had the opportunity to raise concerns if they disagreed with the ‘agreement from recurrent themes’. Results There were four Delphi rounds (100% response for each round). Sprinting and High-Speed Running (HSR) focused exercises were agreed as most effective (perceived) to prevent muscle injuries. Eccentric exercise was perceived as the next most effective. It was agreed that sprinting and HSR be integrated into coaches training, and target 100% of players worst-case match scenario (e.g. volume, intensity) based on individual maximum speeds. Eccentric exercise was recommended to be implemented according to the context of the main football session and planned/actual sprinting and HSR content. It was agreed that eccentrics can be performed before or after training, context dependent. The day to perform specific sprinting and HSR or eccentric exercises depended on the proximity of previous and upcoming matches. Other exercises reaching agreement as ‘somewhat effective’ included concentric and isometric, horizontal and vertical plyometrics, coordination, core and dynamic flexibility in addition to core stability. No agreement was reached for multi-joint, resisted sprinting, kicking or agility exercises nor simultaneous single-leg strength and stability. Finally, no agreement was reached regarding programming variables e.g. sets, repetitions as deemed too contextual. Conclusion Regarding exercise-based strategies, particular importance agreed by the Delphi expert group was to focus on sprinting, HSR and eccentric exercises, integrated with a variety of other exercise modes which also carry some level of effectiveness in a multidimensional programme. Context was agreed to be key and decision-making about when to undertake/ how to prescribe exercise strategies to be made according to the content of normal football training and the proximity of matches.
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Bautista IJ, Vicente-Mampel J, Baraja-Vegas L, Segarra V, Martín F, Van Hooren B. The effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise on sprint performance and eccentric knee flexor strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies among team sport players. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:931-938. [PMID: 33893033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on sprint performance (i.e., 5, 10 and 20m) and explore associations between study characteristics and sprint outcomes in team sport players. Secondary aims were to (1) investigate the effects of the NHE on eccentric strength of the knee flexors (ESKF) with categorical subgroup analysis to determine differences between recreationally, well-trained individuals and young athletes, (2) determine the relation between ESKF and sprint performance in team sport players, and (3) explore the effect of study characteristics (i.e., weekly volume, time duration and body mass) on ESKF. METHODS Electronic databases were searched until the 20th of June 2020. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine the mean difference (MD) or standardized change of mean difference (SCMD) between NHE and control group for sprint time and ESKF, respectively. RESULTS NHE interventions showed a positive effect on sprint performance (-0.04s [-0.08, -0.01]). Sub-group meta-analyses indicated no significant differences in 5 and 20m sprint performance (MDsprint(5m)=-0.02s [-0.10, 0.06]) and (MD sprint(20m)=-0.05s [-0.30, 0.19]), respectively. A significant difference was however found for 10m sprint performance (MDsprint(10m)=-0.06s [-0.10, -0.01]). Meta-analysis on the effects of the NHE on ESKF showed a significant benefit of 0.83 SCMD [0.55, 1.12] in favour of the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias show that training programs involving the NHE can have small beneficial effects on sprint performance in team sport players. Studies with some concerns or high risk of bias showed moderate beneficial effects on ESKF among a sample of relatively untrained individuals. However, for well-trained team sport players, the improvements in ESKF were less consistent, suggesting a higher training intensity during the NHE may be required to induce adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker J Bautista
- Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Víctor Segarra
- ProElite Performance, CESADE Physiotherapist Clinic, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, UNTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
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Claudino JG, Cardoso Filho CA, Bittencourt NFN, Gonçalves LG, Couto CR, Quintão RC, Reis GF, de Oliveira Júnior O, Amadio AC, Boullosa D, Serrão JC. Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications. Sports Med Open 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33507412 PMCID: PMC7843797 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. METHODS Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. RESULTS Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Claudino
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
- Research and Development Department, LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Cardoso Filho
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
| | - Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt
- Uni-BH University Center – Physical Therapy Department, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
- PHAST, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, INISA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport – Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030 Brazil
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Portillo J, Abián P, Calvo B, Paredes V, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of muscular injuries on the technical and physical performance of professional soccer players. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:437-441. [PMID: 32200688 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1744485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of muscular injuries in the lower limbs on the technical and physical performance of professional soccer players when they return to the league competition. Methods: Seventy-six muscular injuries incurred by Spanish male professional soccer players (Age: 27.5 ± 3.5 years) were analyzed during two consecutive competitive seasons: 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The players' performance was studied during Spanish First Division competitive matches using a multi-camera computerized tracking system (Mediacoach Desktop). Results: After muscular injury relative total distance covered in sprints decreased by 8.6 ± 30.2% (P = 0.013) in the first half and 7.7 ± 36.6% (P = 0.038) in the second half. Similarly, maximal running speed decreased by 2.78 ± 6.91 km.h-1 (pre: 27.3 ± 6.4 km.h-1vs. post: 24.5 ± 6.6 km.h-1, P = 0.013) in the first half, and 1.50 ± 5.68 km.h-1 (29.1 ± 3.9 km.h-1vs. 27.6 ± 5.3 km.h-1, P = 0.043) in the second half. Muscle injury also affected technical performance significantly decreasing successful passes (P = 0.045). There were no differences in the number of possession gains (P = 0.277), and possession losses (P = 0.178). Conclusions: After a moderate or severe muscular injury (causing >8 days lay off), player performance is significantly lower in high-intensity efforts and technical skills such as sprints, maximal running speed, or successful passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Portillo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University , Madrid, Spain
| | - Bibiana Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo, Spain
| | - Víctor Paredes
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University , Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo, Spain
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Clark KP, Meng CR, Stearne DJ. 'Whip from the hip': thigh angular motion, ground contact mechanics, and running speed. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio053546. [PMID: 32917763 PMCID: PMC7595692 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During high-speed running, lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown has been cited as a critical factor needed to generate large vertical forces. Additionally, greater leg angular velocity has also been correlated with increased running speeds. However, the association between these factors has not been comprehensively investigated across faster running speeds. Therefore, this investigation aimed to evaluate the relationship between running speed, thigh angular motion and vertical force determinants. It was hypothesized that thigh angular velocity would demonstrate a positive linear relationship with both running speed and lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown. A total of 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) from various athletic backgrounds volunteered and completed 40 m running trials across a range of sub-maximal and maximal running speeds during one test session. Linear and angular kinematic data were collected from 31-39 m. The results supported the hypotheses, as across all subjects and trials (range of speeds: 3.1-10.0 m s-1), measures of thigh angular velocity demonstrated a strong positive linear correlation to speed (all R2>0.70, P<0.0001) and lower limb vertical velocity at touchdown (all R2=0.75, P<0.001). These findings suggest thigh angular velocity is strongly related to running speed and lower limb impact kinematics associated with vertical force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Christopher R Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David J Stearne
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
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Danielsson A, Horvath A, Senorski C, Alentorn-Geli E, Garrett WE, Cugat R, Samuelsson K, Hamrin Senorski E. The mechanism of hamstring injuries - a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:641. [PMID: 32993700 PMCID: PMC7526261 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. Purpose To investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic review. Study design A systematic review following the PRISMA statement. Methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies 1) written in English and 2) deciding on the mechanism of hamstring injury were eligible for inclusion. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters and editorials were excluded, as well as studies where the full text could not be obtained. Results Twenty-six of 2372 screened original studies were included and stratified to the mechanism or methods used to determine hamstring injury: stretch-related injuries, kinematic analysis, electromyography-based kinematic analysis and strength-related injuries. All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. Conclusion A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. Level of evidence Level IV
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Danielsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Senorski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eduard Alentorn-Geli
- Instituto Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.,Mutualidad Catalana de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundación García-Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William E Garrett
- Duke Sports Sciences Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramón Cugat
- Instituto Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.,Mutualidad Catalana de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundación García-Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristian Samuelsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Hamrin Senorski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Boullosa D, Casado A, Claudino JG, Jiménez-Reyes P, Ravé G, Castaño-Zambudio A, Lima-Alves A, de Oliveira SA, Dupont G, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Do you Play or Do you Train? Insights From Individual Sports for Training Load and Injury Risk Management in Team Sports Based on Individualization. Front Physiol 2020; 11:995. [PMID: 32973548 PMCID: PMC7472986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boullosa
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, INISA, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Arturo Casado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriano Lima-Alves
- Department of Sport Sciences, University Federal of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Movement Sciences, INISA, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Postdam, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
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Maestroni L, Read P, Bishop C, Turner A. Strength and Power Training in Rehabilitation: Underpinning Principles and Practical Strategies to Return Athletes to High Performance. Sports Med 2020; 50:239-252. [PMID: 31559567 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Injuries have a detrimental impact on team and individual athletic performance. Deficits in maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and reactive strength are commonly reported following several musculoskeletal injuries. This article first examines the available literature to identify common deficits in fundamental physical qualities following injury, specifically strength, rate of force development and reactive strength. Secondly, evidence-based strategies to target a resolution of these residual deficits will be discussed to reduce the risk of future injury. Examples to enhance practical application and training programmes have also been provided to show how these can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maestroni
- Smuoviti, Viale Giulio Cesare, 29, 24121, Bergamo, BG, Italy.
- StudioErre, Via della Badia, 18, 25127, Brescia, BS, Italy.
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, UK
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, UK
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Vicens-Bordas J, Esteve E, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Casals M, Bandholm T, Ishøi L, Opar D, Shield A, Thorborg K. Performance changes during the off-season period in football players - Effects of age and previous hamstring injury. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2489-2499. [PMID: 32658565 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1792160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate changes in selected performance measures during an off-season period, their association, and the potential role of age and previous hamstring injury in semi-professional and amateur football players. Seventy-four male players (age: 25 ± 4 years, stature: 178.0 ± 6.6 cm, body mass: 74.9 ± 8.1 kg) were assessed at the beginning and end of the off-season summer-period for sprint, change-of-direction performance and eccentric hamstring strength. Small to medium increases in sprint times were observed at 5 (d = 0.26, p = 0.057), 10 (d = 0.42, p < 0.001) and 30 m (d = 0.64, p < 0.001). Small (d = -0.23, p = 0.033) improvements were observed for COD performance, and no changes in eccentric hamstring strength (d = 0.10, p = 0.317). The changes in the outcomes were not affected by age (p = 0.449 to 0.928) or previous hamstring injury (p = 0.109 to 0.995). The impaired sprint performance was not related to changes in eccentric hamstring strength (r = -0.21 to 0.03, p = 0.213 to 0.856), instead, changes in COD performance were associated with changes in eccentric hamstring strength (r = -0.42, p = 0.008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vicens-Bordas
- Sportclínic. Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre , Girona, Spain.,School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona , Salt, Spain.,Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona , Girona, Spain.,Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC) , Spain
| | - Ernest Esteve
- Sportclínic. Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre , Girona, Spain.,School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona , Salt, Spain
| | | | - Martí Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC) , Spain.,Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic , Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University , Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lasse Ishøi
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Shield
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University , Hvidovre, Denmark.,Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jiménez-Reyes P, Garcia-Ramos A, Párraga-Montilla JA, Morcillo-Losa JA, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Castaño-Zambudio A, Samozino P, Morin JB. Seasonal Changes in the Sprint Acceleration Force-Velocity Profile of Elite Male Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:70-74. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mendiguchia J, Conceição F, Edouard P, Fonseca M, Pereira R, Lopes H, Morin JB, Jiménez-Reyes P. Sprint versus isolated eccentric training: Comparative effects on hamstring architecture and performance in soccer players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228283. [PMID: 32045411 PMCID: PMC7012429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hamstring eccentric (NHE) strength training versus sprint training programmed as complements to regular soccer practice, on sprint performance and its mechanical underpinnings, as well as biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture. METHODS In this prospective interventional control study, sprint performance, sprint mechanics and BFlh architecture variables were compared before versus after six weeks of training during the first six preseason weeks, and between three different random match-pair groups of soccer players: "Soccer group" (n = 10), "Nordic group" (n = 12) and "Sprint group" (n = 10). RESULTS For sprint performance and mechanics, small to large pre-post improvements were reported in "Sprint group" (except maximal running velocity), whereas only trivial to small negative changes were reported in "Soccer group" and "Nordic group". For BFlh architecture variables, "Sprint" group showed moderate increase in fascicle length compared to smaller augment for the "Nordic" group with trivial changes for "Soccer group". Only "Nordic" group presented small increases at pennation angle. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that sprint training was superior to NHE in order to increase BFlh fascicle length although only the sprint training was able to both provide a preventive stimulus (increase fascicle length) and at the same time improve both sprint performance and mechanics. Further studies with advanced imaging techniques are needed to confirm the validity of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, Spain
| | - Filipe Conceição
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP—Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France
| | - Marco Fonseca
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP—Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Health and Performance Unit of Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - Rogerio Pereira
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre–FIFA Medical centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernani Lopes
- DEM-ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
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Hicks DS, Schuster JG, Samozino P, Morin JB. Improving Mechanical Effectiveness During Sprint Acceleration: Practical Recommendations and Guidelines. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morin JB, Samozino P, Murata M, Cross MR, Nagahara R. A simple method for computing sprint acceleration kinetics from running velocity data: Replication study with improved design. J Biomech 2019; 94:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pavei G, Zamparo P, Fujii N, Otsu T, Numazu N, Minetti AE, Monte A. Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1892-1900. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Pavei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Paola Zamparo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Norihisa Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Takuya Otsu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Naoki Numazu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Alberto E. Minetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
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Abstract
Clark, KP, Rieger, RH, Bruno, RF, and Stearne, DJ. The NFL combine 40-yard dash: how important is maximum velocity? J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1542-1550, 2019-This investigation analyzed the sprint velocity profiles for athletes who completed the 40-yard (36.6 m) dash at the 2016 National Football League (NFL) Combine. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between maximum velocity and sprint performance, and to compare acceleration patterns for fast and slow athletes. Using freely available online sources, data were collected for body mass and sprint performance (36.6 m time with split intervals at 9.1 and 18.3 m). For each athlete, split times were used to generate modeled curves of distance vs. time, velocity vs. time, and velocity vs. distance using a monoexponential equation. Model parameters were used to quantify acceleration patterns as the ratio of maximum velocity to maximum acceleration (vmax/amax, or τ). Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between maximum velocity and sprint performance for the entire sample. In addition, athletes were categorized into fast and slow groups based on maximum velocity, with independent t-tests and effect size statistics used to evaluate between-group differences in sprint performance and acceleration patterns. Results indicated that maximum velocity was strongly correlated with sprint performance across 9.1, 18.3, and 36.6 m (r of 0.72, 0.83, and 0.94, respectively). However, both fast and slow groups accelerated in a similar pattern relative to maximum velocity (τ = 0.768 ± 0.068 seconds for the fast group and τ = 0.773 ± 0.070 seconds for the slow group). We conclude that maximum velocity is of critical importance to 36.6 m time, and inclusion of more maximum velocity training may be warranted for athletes preparing for the NFL Combine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall H Rieger
- Department of Mathematics, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard F Bruno
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Stearne
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania
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Azcárate U, Los Arcos A, Jiménez-Reyes P, Yanci J. Are acceleration and cardiovascular capacities related to perceived load in professional soccer players? Res Sports Med 2019; 28:27-41. [PMID: 31328561 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2019.1644642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at assessing physical fitness performance and its relationship with the differential ratings of perceived exertion of training load (dRPE TL) and match load (dRPE ML) in a Spanish professional soccer team at the beginning of several in-season periods: 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks and 1-8 weeks. Performance and mechanical variables over the acceleration phase, as well as cardiovascular performance variables were evaluated in 20 male professional soccer players of a team competing in the Spanish Second Division League. Moreover, dRPE TL and dRPE ML were quantified. The dRPE TL showed negative and large associations between both maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (from r = -0.53; ± 0.06 to r = -0.53; ± 0.05 95% CL, p = 0.035 to 0.036) and RPEres TL values throughout the 5-8 and 1-8 week periods. Furthermore, dRPE ML positive and large associations were found between players initial MAS or VO2max (from r = 0.50; ± 0.17 to r = 0.56; ± 0.11 95% CL, p = 0.026 to 0.049) and RPEmus ML in 1-4 and 1-8 week periods. The current study suggests that a better cardiovascular capacity could be connected with a lower RPEres TL and higher RPEmus ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Azcárate
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Javier Yanci
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Janicijevic D, García-Ramos A, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM. Feasibility of the two-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship during lower-body and upper-body isokinetic tests. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2396-2402. [PMID: 31256708 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1636523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) evaluate the shape of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship obtained from different muscles, (2) explore the concurrent validity of the two-point method with respect to the multiple-point method, (3) evaluate whether the F-V relationship can discriminate between muscle groups and genders, and (4) explore the generalisability of the same F-V relationship parameters (maximal force [F0], maximal velocity [V0]), and maximal power [P0]) between different tasks. The F-V relationship of 22 physically active participants (12 women) were tested during knee extension, knee flexion, elbow extension and elbow flexion through the multiple- (eight velocities: 30-60-90-120-150-180-210-240º/s) and two-point (two velocities: 60-180º/s) methods. The findings revealed (1) highly linear F-V relationships (r ≥ 0.893), (2) high concurrent validity of the two-point method for F0, but lower for V0 and P0, (3) the outcomes of both methods were sensitive to the muscle groups (higher for knee muscles) and gender (higher for men), and (4) the magnitude of the same F-V parameters were poorly correlated between different tasks (median r < 0.1). These results support the two-point method as a valid and sensitive procedure for determining the maximal capacities of the muscles to produce F, but not V, during isokinetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- b Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - Olivera M Knezevic
- d University of Belgrade Institute for Medical Research , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragan M Mirkov
- a Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Cross MR, Tinwala F, Lenetsky S, Brown SR, Brughelli M, Morin JB, Samozino P. Assessing Horizontal Force Production in Resisted Sprinting: Computation and Practical Interpretation. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:689-93. [PMID: 30975007 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of horizontal force during overground sprinting is increasingly prevalent in practice and research, stemming from advances in technology and access to simplified yet valid field methods. As researchers search out optimal means of targeting the development of horizontal force, there is considerable interest in the effectiveness of external resistance. Increasing attention in research provides more information surrounding the biomechanics of sprinting in general and insight into the potential methods of developing determinant capacities. However, there is a general lack of consensus on the assessment and computation of horizontal force under resistance, which has resulted in a confusing narrative surrounding the practical applicability of loading parameters for performance enhancement. As such, the aim of this commentary was twofold: to provide a clear narrative of the assessment and computation of horizontal force in resisted sprinting and to clarify and discuss the impact of methodological approaches to subsequent training implementation. Horizontal force computation during resisted sleds, a common sprint-training apparatus in the field, is used as a test case to illustrate the risks associated with substandard methodological practices and improperly accounting for the effects of friction. A practical and operational synthesis is provided to help guide researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate resistance methods. Finally, an outline of future challenges is presented to aid the development of these approaches.
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García-ramos A, Jaric S. Optimization of the Force–Velocity Relationship Obtained From the Bench-Press-Throw Exercise: An a Posteriori Multicenter Reliability Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:317-22. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jiménez-Reyes P, García-Ramos A, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Párraga-Montilla JA, Morcillo-Losa JA, Samozino P, Morin JB. Differences in Sprint Mechanical Force-Velocity Profile Between Trained Soccer and Futsal Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:478-85. [PMID: 30300015 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the sprint mechanical force-velocity (F-V) profile between soccer and futsal players. A secondary aim was, within each sport, to study the differences in sprint mechanical F-V profile between sexes and players of different levels. METHODS A total of 102 soccer players (63 men) and 77 futsal players (49 men) who were competing from the elite to amateur levels in the Spanish league participated in this investigation. The testing procedure consisted of 3 unloaded maximal 40-m sprints. The velocity-time data recorded by a radar device were used to calculate the variables of the sprint acceleration F-V profile (maximal theoretical force [F0], maximal theoretical velocity [V0], maximal power [Pmax], decrease in the ratio of horizontal to resultant force [DRF], and maximal ratio of horizontal to resultant force [RFpeak]). RESULTS Futsal players showed a higher F0 than soccer players (effect size [ES] range: 0.11-0.74), while V0 (ES range: -0.48 to -1.15) and DRF (ES range: -0.75 to -1.45) was higher for soccer players. No significant differences were observed between soccer and futsal players for Pmax (ES range: -0.43 to 0.19) and RFpeak (ES range: -0.49 to 0.30). Men and high-level players presented an overall enhanced F-V profile compared with women and their lower-level counterparts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The higher F0 and lower V0 of futsal players could be caused by the game's specific demands (larger number of accelerations but over shorter distances than in soccer). These results show that the sprint mechanical F-V profile is able to distinguish between soccer and futsal players.
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Edouard P, Mendiguchia J, Lahti J, Arnal PJ, Gimenez P, Jiménez-Reyes P, Brughelli M, Samozino P, Morin JB. Sprint Acceleration Mechanics in Fatigue Conditions: Compensatory Role of Gluteal Muscles in Horizontal Force Production and Potential Protection of Hamstring Muscles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1706. [PMID: 30555346 PMCID: PMC6283907 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hamstring muscle injury is the main injury related to sports requiring sprint acceleration. In addition, hamstring muscles have been reported to play a role in horizontal force production during sprint acceleration performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze (i) the determinants of horizontal force production and (ii) the role of hip extensors, and hamstring muscles in particular, for horizontal force production during repeated sprint-induced fatigue conditions. Method: In this experimental laboratory setting study including 14 sprint-trained male athletes, we analyzed (i) the changes in sprint mechanics, peak torque of the knee and hip extensors and flexors, muscle activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus, and sagittal plane lower limb motion, before and after twelve 6-s sprints separated by 44 s rest on an instrumented motorized treadmill, and (ii) the determinants of horizontal force production (FH ) during the sprint acceleration in a fatigue state (after 12 sprints). Results: The repeated-sprint protocol induced a decrease in maximal power output (Pmax) [-17.5 ± 8.9%; effect size (ES): 1.57, large] and in the contact-averaged horizontal force component (FH ) (-8.6 ± 8.4%; ES: 0.86, moderate) but not meaningful changes in the contact-averaged resultant (total) force (FTot ) (-3.4 ± 2.9%; ES: 0.55, small) and vertical force component (FV ) (-3.1 ± 3.2%; ES: 0.49, small). A decrease was found in concentric peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors and in gluteus and vastus lateralis muscle activity during entire swing and end-of-swing phase. An increase was found in contact time and swing time, while step frequency and knee speed before ground contact decreased. Muscular determinants associated with FH and its decrease after the repeated-sprint protocol were concentric peak torque of the hip extensors (p = 0.033) and a decrease in gluteus maximus activity at the end-of-swing (p = 0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Sprint-induced fatigue lead to changes in horizontal force production muscular determinants: hamstring muscle seems not to have the same role than in non-fatigue condition. Horizontal force production seems to be more dependent on the hip extensors and gluteus maximus function. Given the fatigue-induced decrease in hamstring muscle strength, we can hypothesize that muscle compensatory and kinematic strategies reported in a fatigued state could be an adaptation to allow/maintain performance and a protective adaptation to limit hamstring muscles constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France.,Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Étienne, France.,Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation, Paris, France
| | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, Spain
| | - Johan Lahti
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.,Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Philippe Gimenez
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health Society (EA 4660), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain.,Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Chambéry, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Baumgart C, Freiwald J, Hoppe MW. Sprint Mechanical Properties of Female and Different Aged Male Top-Level German Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E161. [PMID: 30487450 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the sprint mechanical properties of female and different aged male top-level soccer players. A total of 14 adult females (FEM) and 115 different aged male field players, competing at German top levels, participated in this study. The males belonged to teams of under 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, and 23 years (U 12–23) and professionals (PRO). All players were tested for a 30 m linear sprint. From timing gate derived sprint times, force-velocity and power-velocity relationships, as well as theoretical maximum running velocity, force, and power data were computed by an inverse dynamic approach applied to the center of mass. The approach was optimized for taking the starting time into account, which is a progress in the present research field, when aiming to compute sprint mechanical properties by different methodological approaches under field conditions. Sprint mechanical properties of FEM were lower than those of PRO. Compared to other age groups, sprint mechanical properties of FEM were similar to those of U 14 and U 15. An increase in sprint mechanical properties was found from U 12 to U 17. The study shows that sprint mechanical properties differ according to gender and age in top-level soccer players.
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Jiménez-Reyes P, Samozino P, García-Ramos A, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Brughelli M, Morin JB. Relationship between vertical and horizontal force-velocity-power profiles in various sports and levels of practice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5937. [PMID: 30479900 PMCID: PMC6238764 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed (i) to explore the relationship between vertical (jumping) and horizontal (sprinting) force–velocity–power (FVP) mechanical profiles in a large range of sports and levels of practice, and (ii) to provide a large database to serve as a reference of the FVP profile for all sports and levels tested. A total of 553 participants (333 men, 220 women) from 14 sport disciplines and all levels of practice participated in this study. Participants performed squat jumps (SJ) against multiple external loads (vertical) and linear 30–40 m sprints (horizontal). The vertical and horizontal FVP profile (i.e., theoretical maximal values of force (F0), velocity (v0), and power (Pmax)) as well as main performance variables (unloaded SJ height in jumping and 20-m sprint time) were measured. Correlations coefficient between the same mechanical variables obtained from the vertical and horizontal modalities ranged from −0.12 to 0.58 for F0, −0.31 to 0.71 for v0, −0.10 to 0.67 for Pmax, and −0.92 to −0.23 for the performance variables (i.e, SJ height and sprint time). Overall, results showed a decrease in the magnitude of the correlations for higher-level athletes. The low correlations generally observed between jumping and sprinting mechanical outputs suggest that both tasks provide distinctive information regarding the FVP profile of lower-body muscles. Therefore, we recommend the assessment of the FVP profile both in jumping and sprinting to gain a deeper insight into the maximal mechanical capacities of lower-body muscles, especially at high and elite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain.,Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la motricité (EA7424), University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of the Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Education Sport Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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