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Bergman PJ. Cancer Immunotherapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:441-468. [PMID: 38158304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 5 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies, which will hopefully expand our veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA; Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Bryan JN. Updates in Osteosarcoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:523-539. [PMID: 38158305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Clinical care of osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs has seen little change during the past 2 decades, relying on amputation and platinum-based chemotherapy for pain control and survival. Recent advancements offer hope for improved outcomes. Genomic research reveals shared genetic abnormalities between canine and human OSA. Multidimensional imaging provides valuable staging and prognostic information. Limb-sparing approaches including stereotactic body radiation therapy are routine. Ablative therapies such as microwave ablation and histotripsy show promise. Immunotherapy including cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition are available. Radiopharmaceuticals are tuned to target OSA cells directly. These innovations may enhance treatment and prognosis for dogs with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Bryan
- Comparative Oncology Radiobiology and Epigenetics Laboratory, University of Missouri Columbia, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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London CA, Gardner H, Zhao S, Knapp DW, Utturkar SM, Duval DL, Chambers MR, Ostrander E, Trent JM, Kuffel G. Leading the pack: Best practices in comparative canine cancer genomics to inform human oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:565-577. [PMID: 37778398 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pet dogs develop spontaneous cancers at a rate estimated to be five times higher than that of humans, providing a unique opportunity to study disease biology and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in a model system that possesses an intact immune system and mirrors key aspects of human cancer biology. Despite decades of interest, effective utilization of pet dog cancers has been hindered by a limited repertoire of necessary cellular and molecular reagents for both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as a dearth of information regarding the genomic landscape of these cancers. Recently, many of these critical gaps have been addressed through the generation of a highly annotated canine reference genome, the creation of several tools necessary for multi-omic analysis of canine tumours, and the development of a centralized repository for key genomic and associated clinical information from canine cancer patients, the Integrated Canine Data Commons. Together, these advances have catalysed multidisciplinary efforts designed to integrate the study of pet dog cancers more effectively into the translational continuum, with the ultimate goal of improving human outcomes. The current review summarizes this recent progress and provides a guide to resources and tools available for comparative study of pet dog cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Gardner
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sagar M Utturkar
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Elaine Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gina Kuffel
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hay AN, Ruger L, Hsueh A, Vickers E, Klahn S, Vlaisavljevich E, Tuohy J. A review of the development of histotripsy for extremity tumor ablation with a canine comparative oncology model to inform human treatments. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2274802. [PMID: 37994796 PMCID: PMC10669778 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2274802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devasting disease resulting in millions of deaths worldwide in both humans and companion animals, including dogs. Treatment of cancer is complex and challenging and therefore often multifaceted, as in the case of osteosarcoma (OS) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). OS predominantly involves the appendicular skeleton and STS commonly develops in the extremities, resulting in treatment challenges due to the need to balance wide-margin resections to achieve local oncological control against the functional outcomes for the patient. To achieve wide tumor resection, invasive limb salvage surgery is often required, and the patient is at risk for numerous complications which can ultimately lead to impaired limb function and mobility. The advent of tumor ablation techniques offers the exciting potential of developing noninvasive or minimally invasive treatment options for extremity tumors. One promising innovative tumor ablation technique with strong potential to serve as a noninvasive limb salvage treatment for extremity tumor patients is histotripsy. Histotripsy is a novel, noninvasive, non-thermal, and non-ionizing focused ultrasound technique which uses controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue with high precision. In this review, we present the ongoing development of histotripsy as a non-surgical alternative for extremity tumors and highlight the value of spontaneously occurring OS and STS in the pet dog as a comparative oncology research model to advance this field of histotripsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna N. Hay
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Lauren Ruger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Andy Hsueh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Elliana Vickers
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
- Graduate program in Translation Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Joanne Tuohy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA
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Ruger L, Yang E, Gannon J, Sheppard H, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Ziemlewicz TJ, Dervisis N, Allen IC, Daniel GB, Tuohy J, Vlaisavljevich E, Klahn S. Mechanical High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Histotripsy) in Dogs With Spontaneously Occurring Soft Tissue Sarcomas. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:768-779. [PMID: 36006886 PMCID: PMC9969335 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3201709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy that uses controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue. To date, there are no reports investigating histotripsy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo feasibility of ablating STS with histotripsy and to characterize the impact of partial histotripsy ablation on the acute immunologic response in canine patients with spontaneous STS. METHODS A custom 500 kHz histotripsy system was used to treat ten dogs with naturally occurring STS. Four to six days after histotripsy, tumors were surgically resected. Safety was determined by monitoring vital signs during treatment and post-treatment physical examinations, routine lab work, and owners' reports. Ablation was characterized using radiologic and histopathologic analyses. Systemic immunological impact was evaluated by measuring changes in cytokine concentrations, and tumor microenvironment changes were evaluated by characterizing changes in infiltration with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using multiplex immunohistochemistry and differential gene expression. RESULTS Results showed histotripsy ablation was achievable and well-tolerated in all ten dogs. Immunological results showed histotripsy induced pro-inflammatory changes in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion & Significance: Overall, this study demonstrates histotripsy's potential as a precise, non-invasive treatment for STS.
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Ruger L, Yang E, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Vickers E, Gannon J, Nightengale M, Hsueh A, Ciepluch B, Dervisis N, Vlaisavljevich E, Klahn S. Histotripsy ablation for the treatment of feline injection site sarcomas: a first-in-cat in vivo feasibility study. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2210272. [PMID: 37196996 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2210272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Feline soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and injection site sarcoma (fISS) are rapidly growing tumors with low metastatic potential, but locally aggressive behavior. Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy using controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue. In this study, we investigated the in vivo safety and feasibility of histotripsy to treat fISS using a custom 1 MHz transducer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three cats with naturally-occurring STS were treated with histotripsy before surgical removal of the tumor 3 to 6 days later. Gross and histological analyses were used to characterize the ablation efficacy of the treatment, and routine immunohistochemistry and batched cytokine analysis were used to investigate the acute immunological effects of histotripsy. RESULTS Results showed that histotripsy ablation was achievable and well-tolerated in all three cats. Precise cavitation bubble clouds were generated in all patients, and hematoxylin & eosin stained tissues revealed ablative damage in targeted regions. Immunohistochemical results identified an increase in IBA-1 positive cells in treated tissues, and no significant changes in cytokine concentrations were identified post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the safety and feasibility of histotripsy to target and ablate superficial feline STS and fISS tumors and guide the clinical development of histotripsy devices for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ruger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ester Yang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elliana Vickers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jessica Gannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Marlie Nightengale
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Andy Hsueh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Brittany Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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