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Wang QL, Zhang PX, Shen R, Xu M, Han L, Shi X, Zhou ZR, Yang JY, Liu JQ. Determination of arbutin in vitro and in vivo by LC-MS/MS: Pre-clinical evaluation of natural product arbutin for its early medicinal properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118232. [PMID: 38670407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arbutin is a naturally occurring glucoside extracted from plants, known for its antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibiting properties. It is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. With in-depth study of arbutin, its application in disease treatment is expanding, presenting promising development prospects. However, reports on the metabolic stability, plasma protein binding rate, and pharmacokinetic properties of arbutin are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to enrich the data of metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics of arbutin through the early pre-clinical evaluation, thereby providing some experimental basis for advancing arbutin into clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an efficient and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for determining arbutin in plasma. We investigated the metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties of arbutin through in vitro metabolism assay, cytochrome enzymes P450 (CYP450) inhibition studies, plasma protein binding rate analysis, Caco-2 cell permeability tests, and rat pharmacokinetics to understand its in vivo performance. RESULTS In vitro studies show that arbutin is stable, albeit with some species differences. It exhibits low plasma protein binding (35.35 ± 11.03% ∼ 40.25 ± 2.47%), low lipophilicity, low permeability, short half-life (0.42 ± 0.30 h) and high oral bioavailability (65 ± 11.6%). Arbutin is primarily found in the liver and kidneys and is eliminated in the urine. It does not significantly inhibit CYP450 up to 10 μM, suggesting a low potential for drug interactions. Futhermore, preliminary toxicological experiments indicate arbutin's safety, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive analysis the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) of arbutin, enriching our understanding of its metabolism stability and pharmacokinetics properties, It establishes a foundation for further structural optimization, pharmacological studies, and the clinical development of arbutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Lai Wang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
| | - Pei-Xi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Meng Xu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Liang Han
- Sheng Xia Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Sheng Xia Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zi-Rui Zhou
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Jie-Qing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, 362021, China; Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
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2
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Wang M, Xu XR, Bai QX, Wu LH, Yang XP, Yang DQ, Kuang HX. Dichroa febrifuga Lour.: A review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and progress in reducing toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118093. [PMID: 38537842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dichroa febrifuga Lour., a toxic but extensively used traditional Chinese medicine with a remarkable effect, is commonly called "Changshan" in China. It has been used to treat malaria and many other parasitic diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW The study aims to provide a current overview of the progress in the research on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and methods of toxicity reduction of D. febrifuga. Additionally, further research directions and development prospects for the plant were put forward. MATERIALS AND METHODS The article uses "Dichroa febrifuga Lour." "D. febrifuga" as the keyword and all relevant information on D. febrifuga was collected from electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar), doctoral and master's dissertations and classic books about Chinese herbs. RESULTS 30 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other kinds, were isolated and identified from D. febrifuga. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-malarial activities, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-tumor activities, anti-parasitic activities and anti-oomycete activities. Meanwhile, alkaloids, as the material basis of its efficacy, are also the source of its toxicity. It can cause multiple organ damage, including liver, kidney and heart, and cause adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. In the current study, the toxicity can be reduced by modifying the structure of the compound, processing and changing the dosage forms. CONCLUSIONS There are few studies on the chemical constituents of D. febrifuga, so the components and their structure characterization contained in it can become the focus of future research. In view of the toxicity of D. febrifuga, there are many methods to reduce it, but the safety and rationality of these methods need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xin-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - De-Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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3
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Liu C, Wang W, Zhao S, Chen S, Chen H, Wang S, Li Z, Qian H, Tian X. Discovery of first-in-class highly selective TRPV1 antagonists with dual analgesic and hypoglycemic effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 107:117750. [PMID: 38776567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Analgesia and blood sugar control are considered as two main unmet clinical needs for diabetes related neuropathic pain patients. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel is a highly validated target for pain perception, while no TRPV1 antagonists have been approved due to hyperthermia side effects. Herein, two series of new TRPV1 antagonists with flavonoid skeleton were designed by the structure-based drug design (SBDD) strategy. After comprehensive evaluation, compound CX-3 was identified as a promising TRPV1 antagonist. CX-3 exhibited equivalent TRPV1 antagonistic activity with classical TRPV1 antagonist BCTC in vitro, and exerted better analgesic activity in vivo than that of BCTC in the formalin induced inflammatory pain model without hyperthermia risk. Moreover, CX-3 exhibited robust glucose-lowering effects and showed high selectivity over other ion channels. Overall, these findings identified a first-in-class highly selective TRPV1 antagonist CX-3, which is a promising candidate to target the pathogenesis of diabetes related neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Lu Y, Lin H, Xu Y, Shen Z, Guo Y, Jin Y, Shi Q, Chen H, Zhuang Y, Huang W, Che J, Dai H, Dong X. Discovery of orally bioavailable phenyltetrazolium derivatives for the acute treatment and the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116542. [PMID: 38875807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The potential for secondary stroke prevention, which can significantly reduce the risk of recurrent strokes by almost 90%, underscores its critical importance. N-butylphthalide (NBP) has emerged as a promising treatment for acute cerebral ischemia, yet its efficacy for secondary stroke prevention is hindered by inadequate pharmacokinetic properties. This study, driven by a comprehensive structural analysis, the iterative process of structure optimization culminated in the identification of compound B4, which demonstrated exceptional neuroprotective efficacy and remarkable oral exposure and oral bioavailability. Notably, in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, B4 substantially attenuated infarct volumes, surpassing the effectiveness of NBP. While oral treatment with B4 exhibited stronger prevention potency than NBP in photothrombotic (PT) model. In summary, compound B4, with its impressive oral bioavailability and potent neuroprotective effects, offers promise for both acute ischemic stroke treatment and secondary stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zexu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiuqiu Shi
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Tao P, Chen X, Xu L, Chen J, Nie Q, Xu M, Feng J. LIMD2 is the Signature of Cell Aging-immune/Inflammation in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2400-2413. [PMID: 37936458 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673274563231031044134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an age-dependent cardiovascular disease in which cell aging, immunity, and inflammatory factors alter the course; however, cell aging-immune/inflammation signatures in AMI have not been investigated. METHODS Based on the GEO database to obtain microRNA (miRNA) sequencing, mRNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing data, and utilizing the Seurat package to identify AMI-associated cellular subpopulations. Subsequently, differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were screened to establish a network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Senescence and immunity scores were calculated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, and the Hmisc package was used to screen for genes with the highest correlation with senescence and immunity scores. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and molecular docking analyses were performed to predict potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of AMI. RESULTS Four cell types (Macrophage, Fibroblast, Endothelial cells, CD8 T cells) were identified in AMI, and CD8 T cells exhibited the lowest cell aging activity. A ceRNA network of miRNAs- mNRA interactions was established based on the overlapping genes in differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) target genes and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Twenty-four marker genes of CD8 T cells were observed. LIMD2 was identified as cell aging- immune/inflammation-related hub gene in AMI. This study also identified a potential therapeutic network of DB03276-LIMD2-AMI, which showed excellent and stable binding status between DB03276-LIMD2. CONCLUSION This study identified LIMD2 as a cell aging-immune/inflammation-related hub gene. The understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of AMI was enriched by the ceRNA network and DB03276-LIMD2-LAMI therapeutic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tao
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Junteng Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qinqi Nie
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mujuan Xu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jianyi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Choi K. Structure-property Relationships Reported for the New Drugs Approved in 2022. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:330-340. [PMID: 37211842 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230519162803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure-property relationship illustrates how modifying the chemical structure of a pharmaceutical compound influences its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and other related properties. Understanding structure-property relationships of clinically approved drugs could provide useful information for drug design and optimization strategies. METHOD Among new drugs approved around the world in 2022, including 37 in the US, structure- property relationships of seven drugs were compiled from medicinal chemistry literature, in which detailed pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties were disclosed not only for the final drug but also for its key analogues generated during drug development. RESULTS The discovery campaigns for these seven drugs demonstrate extensive design and optimization efforts to identify suitable candidates for clinical development. Several strategies have been successfully employed, such as attaching a solubilizing group, bioisosteric replacement, and deuterium incorporation, resulting in new compounds with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. CONCLUSION The structure-property relationships hereby summarized illustrate how proper structural modifications could successfully improve the overall drug-like properties. The structure-property relationships of clinically approved drugs are expected to continue to provide valuable references and guides for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea (ROK)
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7
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Yang L, Wang Z. Bench-to-bedside: Innovation of small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in China. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115503. [PMID: 37229831 PMCID: PMC10193775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, highlighting the need to develop potent prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Small molecule inhibitors (remdesivir, Paxlovid, and molnupiravir) are essential complements to vaccines and play important roles in clinical treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Many advances have been made in development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in China, but progress in discovery and characterization of pharmacological activity, antiviral mechanisms, and clinical efficacy are limited. We review development of small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs (azvudine [approved by the NMPA of China on July 25, 2022], VV116 [approved by the NMPA of China on January 29, 2023], FB2001, WPV01, pentarlandir, and cepharanthine) in China and summarize their pharmacological activity, potential mechanisms of action, clinical trials and use, and important milestones in their discovery. The role of structural biology in drug development is also reviewed. Future studies should focus on development of diverse second-generation inhibitors with excellent oral bioavailability, superior plasma half-life, increased antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, high target specificity, minimal side effects, reduced drug-drug interactions, and improved lung histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Du BX, Long Y, Li X, Wu M, Shi JY. CMMS-GCL: cross-modality metabolic stability prediction with graph contrastive learning. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad503. [PMID: 37572298 PMCID: PMC10457661 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Metabolic stability plays a crucial role in the early stages of drug discovery and development. Accurately modeling and predicting molecular metabolic stability has great potential for the efficient screening of drug candidates as well as the optimization of lead compounds. Considering wet-lab experiment is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive, in silico prediction of metabolic stability is an alternative choice. However, few computational methods have been developed to address this task. In addition, it remains a significant challenge to explain key functional groups determining metabolic stability. RESULTS To address these issues, we develop a novel cross-modality graph contrastive learning model named CMMS-GCL for predicting the metabolic stability of drug candidates. In our framework, we design deep learning methods to extract features for molecules from two modality data, i.e. SMILES sequence and molecule graph. In particular, for the sequence data, we design a multihead attention BiGRU-based encoder to preserve the context of symbols to learn sequence representations of molecules. For the graph data, we propose a graph contrastive learning-based encoder to learn structure representations by effectively capturing the consistencies between local and global structures. We further exploit fully connected neural networks to combine the sequence and structure representations for model training. Extensive experimental results on two datasets demonstrate that our CMMS-GCL consistently outperforms seven state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, a collection of case studies on sequence data and statistical analyses of the graph structure module strengthens the validation of the interpretability of crucial functional groups recognized by CMMS-GCL. Overall, CMMS-GCL can serve as an effective and interpretable tool for predicting metabolic stability, identifying critical functional groups, and thus facilitating the drug discovery process and lead compound optimization. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code and data underlying this article are freely available at https://github.com/dubingxue/CMMS-GCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xue Du
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Institute for Infocomm Research (IR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yahui Long
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Institute for Infocomm Research (IR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Institute for Infocomm Research (IR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Jian-Yu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Ommi O, Naiyaz Ahmad M, Gajula SNR, Wanjari P, Sau S, Agnivesh PK, Sahoo SK, Kalia NP, Sonti R, Nanduri S, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Yaddanapudi VM. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1,3-diaryl substituted pyrazole based (thio)urea derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1296-1308. [PMID: 37484564 PMCID: PMC10357928 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent development of newer alternatives has been deemed a panacea for tackling emerging antimicrobial resistance effectively. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,3-diaryl substituted pyrazole-based urea and thiourea derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Preliminary screening results revealed that compound 7a (3,4-dichlorophenyl derivative) exhibited potent activity against S. aureus (MIC = 0.25 μg mL-1) and compound 7j (2,4-difluorophenyl derivative) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC = 1 μg mL-1). Compounds 7a and 7j were non-toxic to Vero cells with a favorable selectivity index of 40 and 200, respectively, and demonstrated good microsomal stability. Compound 7a exhibited equipotent activity (MIC = 0.25 μg mL-1) against various multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus, which include various strains of MRSA and VRSA, and elicited bacteriostatic properties. In an enzymatic assay, 7a effectively inhibited DNA gyrase supercoiling activity at a concentration of 8 times MIC. Further, molecular modeling studies suggested that compound 7a binds at the active site of DNA gyrase with good affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojaswitha Ommi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 UP India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Parita Wanjari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Shashikanta Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Puja Kumari Agnivesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Visakhapatnam 530045 India
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 UP India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow 226031 UP India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 Telangana India
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10
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Kommalapati HS, Pilli P, Samanthula G. Green sample preparation in bioanalysis: where are we now? Bioanalysis 2023; 15:363-366. [PMID: 37141420 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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11
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Yuan K, Shen H, Zheng M, Xia F, Li Q, Chen W, Ji M, Yang H, Zhuang X, Cai Z, Min W, Wang X, Xiao Y, Yang P. Discovery of Potent DYRK2 Inhibitors with High Selectivity, Great Solubility, and Excellent Safety Properties for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4215-4230. [PMID: 36800260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common male cancer with high incidence and mortality, and hormonal therapy as the major treatment for PCa patients is troubled by the inevitable resistance that makes us identify novel targets for PCa. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) was found to be an effective target for the treatment of PCa, but the research on its inhibitors is rather little. In this work, a potent DYRK2 inhibitor 43 (IC50 = 0.6 nM) was acquired through virtual screening and structural optimization, which displayed high selectivity among 205 kinases; meanwhile, detailed interactions of 43 with DYRK2 were illustrated by the cocrystal. Furthermore, 43 possessed great water solubility (29.5 mg/mL), favorable safety properties (LD50 > 10,000 mg/kg), and potent anti-PCa activities, which could be used as a potential candidate in further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xujie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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12
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Gajula SNR, Khairnar AS, Jock P, Kumari N, Pratima K, Munjal V, Kalan P, Sonti R. LC-MS/MS: A sensitive and selective analytical technique to detect COVID-19 protein biomarkers in the early disease stage. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:5-18. [PMID: 36919634 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2191845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 outbreak has put enormous pressure on the scientific community to detect infection rapidly, identify the status of disease severity, and provide an immediate vaccine/drug for the treatment. Relying on immunoassay and a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) led to many false-negative and false-positive reports. Therefore, detecting biomarkers is an alternative and reliable approach for determining the infection, its severity, and disease progression. Recent advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enable the protein biomarkers even at low concentrations, thus facilitating clinicians to monitor the treatment in hospitals. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the role of LC-MS/MS in identifying protein biomarkers and discusses the clinically significant protein biomarkers such as Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, ferritin, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, gelsolin and galectin-3-binding protein in COVID-19, and their analysis by LC-MS/MS in the early stage. EXPERT OPINION Clinical doctors monitor significant biomarkers to understand, stratify, and treat patients according to disease severity. Knowledge of clinically significant COVID-19 protein biomarkers is critical not only for COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus but also to prepare us for future pandemics of other diseases in detecting by LC-MS/MS at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ankita Sahebrao Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pallavi Jock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Kendre Pratima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Vijay Munjal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pavan Kalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
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13
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Chandrasekaran B, Tyagi A, Saran U, Kolluru V, Baby BV, Chirasani VR, Dokholyan NV, Lin JM, Singh A, Sharma AK, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Urolithin A analog inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer by targeting the androgen receptor and its variant, androgen receptor-variant 7. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1137783. [PMID: 36937838 PMCID: PMC10020188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of a small molecule ASR-600, an analog of Urolithin A (Uro A), on blocking androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variant AR-variant 7 (AR-V7) signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ASR-600 effectively suppressed the growth of AR+ CRPC cells by inhibiting AR and AR-V7 expressions; no effect was seen in AR- CRPC and normal prostate epithelial cells. Biomolecular interaction assays revealed ASR-600 binds to the N-terminal domain of AR, which was further confirmed by immunoblot and subcellular localization studies. Molecular studies suggested that ASR-600 promotes the ubiquitination of AR and AR-V7 resulting in the inhibition of AR signaling. Microsomal and plasma stability studies suggest that ASR-600 is stable, and its oral administration inhibits tumor growth in CRPC xenografted castrated and non-castrated mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that ASR-600 enhances AR ubiquitination in both AR+ and AR-V7 CRPC cells and inhibits their growth in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Uttara Saran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Venkatesh Kolluru
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Becca V. Baby
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Venkat R. Chirasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jyh M. Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Murali K. Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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14
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Wang Z, Yang L, Song XQ. Oral GS-441524 derivatives: Next-generation inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015355. [PMID: 36561747 PMCID: PMC9763260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GS-441524, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, is a 1'-CN-substituted adenine C-nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, the low oral bioavailability of GS-441524 poses a challenge to its anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy. Remdesivir, the intravenously administered version (version 1.0) of GS-441524, is the first FDA-approved agent for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. However, clinical trials have presented conflicting evidence on the value of remdesivir in COVID-19. Therefore, oral GS-441524 derivatives (VV116, ATV006, and GS-621763; version 2.0, targeting highly conserved viral RdRp) could be considered as game-changers in treating COVID-19 because oral administration has the potential to maximize clinical benefits, including decreased duration of COVID-19 and reduced post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as limited side effects such as hepatic accumulation. This review summarizes the current research related to the oral derivatives of GS-441524, and provides important insights into the potential factors underlying the controversial observations regarding the clinical efficacy of remdesivir; overall, it offers an effective launching pad for developing an oral version of GS-441524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhonglei Wang, ; Liyan Yang, ; Xian-qing Song,
| | - Liyan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology, School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China,*Correspondence: Zhonglei Wang, ; Liyan Yang, ; Xian-qing Song,
| | - Xian-qing Song
- General Surgery Department, Ningbo Fourth Hospital, Xiangshan, China,*Correspondence: Zhonglei Wang, ; Liyan Yang, ; Xian-qing Song,
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15
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The in vitro/in vivo metabolic pathways analysis of lobetyol, lobetyolin, and lobetyolinin, three polyacetylenes from Codonopsis Radix, by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Gajula SNR, Nathani TN, Patil RM, Talari S, Sonti R. Aldehyde oxidase mediated drug metabolism: an underpredicted obstacle in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:427-448. [PMID: 36369949 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2144879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) has garnered curiosity as a non-CYP metabolizing enzyme in drug development due to unexpected consequences such as toxic metabolite generation and high metabolic clearance resulting in the clinical failure of new drugs. Therefore, poor AO mediated clearance prediction in preclinical nonhuman species remains a significant obstacle in developing novel drugs. Various isoforms of AO, such as AOX1, AOX3, AOX3L1, and AOX4 exist across species, and different AO activity among humans influences the AO mediated drug metabolism. Therefore, carefully considering the unique challenges is essential in developing successful AO substrate drugs. The in vitro to in vivo extrapolation underpredicts AO mediated drug clearance due to the lack of reliable representative animal models, substrate-specific activity, and the discrepancy between absolute concentration and activity. An in vitro tool to extrapolate in vivo clearance using a yard-stick approach is provided to address the underprediction of AO mediated drug clearance. This approach uses a range of well-known AO drug substrates as calibrators for qualitative scaling new drugs into low, medium, or high clearance category drugs. So far, in vivo investigations on chimeric mice with humanized livers (humanized mice) have predicted AO mediated metabolism to the best extent. This review addresses the critical aspects of the drug discovery stage for AO metabolism studies, challenges faced in drug development, approaches to tackle AO mediated drug clearance's underprediction, and strategies to decrease the AO metabolism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Tanaaz Navin Nathani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Rashmi Madhukar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Sasikala Talari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
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17
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Belete TM. Recent Updates on the Development of Deuterium-Containing Drugs for the Treatment of Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3465-3472. [PMID: 36217450 PMCID: PMC9547620 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s379496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. In 2020, 19.3 million cancer cases and 10 million deaths were reported in the world. It is supposed that the prevalence of cancer cases will rise to 28.4 million by 2040. Chemotherapy-based regimens have a narrow therapeutic index, severe adverse drug reactions, and lack metabolic stability. Besides, the metabolism of anticancer produces several non-active and toxic metabolites that reduce exposure of the target site to the parent drug. Therefore, developing better-tolerated and effective new anticancer drugs and modification of the existing anticancer drugs to minimize toxicity and increase efficacy has become a very urgent need. Deuterium incorporation reduces the metabolism of certain drugs that are breakdown by pathways involving hydrogen-carbon bond scission. For example, CYP450 mediated oxidative metabolism of drugs that involves the breakdown of a hydrogen-carbon bond affected by deuteration. Deuterium incorporation into the drug increases the half-life and reduces the dose, which provides better safety and efficacy. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated form of tetrabenazine approved to treat chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and tardive dyskinesia. The study revealed that Deutetrabenazine has fewer neuropsychiatric side effects with favorable safety than tetrabenazine. The current review highlights the deuterium kinetic isotope effect on drug metabolism, deuterated compound pharmacokinetic property, and safety profile. Besides, this review explains the deuterated anticancer drug development update status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Tafere Mulaw Belete, Tel +251 918045943, Email
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18
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Green bioanalysis: an innovative and eco-friendly approach for analyzing drugs in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:881-909. [PMID: 35946313 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green bioanalytical techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the hazardous waste produced by bioanalytical technologies. A well-organized and practical approach towards bioanalytical method development has an enormous contribution to the green analysis. The selection of the appropriate sample extraction process, organic mobile phase components and separation technique makes the bioanalytical method green. UHPLC-MS is the best option, whereas supercritical fluid chromatography is one of the most effective green bioanalytical procedures. Nevertheless, there remains excellent scope for further research on green bioanalytical methods. This review details the various sample preparation techniques that follow green analytical chemistry principles. Furthermore, it presents green solvents as a replacement for conventional organic solvents and highlights the strategies to convert modern analytical techniques to green methods.
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19
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Sahoo SK, Gajula SNR, Ahmad MN, Kaul G, Nanduri S, Sonti R, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Yaddanapudi VM. Bioevaluation of quinoline-4-carbonyl derivatives of piperazinyl-benzothiazinones as promising antimycobacterial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200168. [PMID: 35876343 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The quinoline moiety remains a privileged antitubercular (anti-TB) pharmacophore, whereas 8-nitrobenzothiazinones are emerging potent antimycobacterial agents with two investigational candidates in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we report the synthesis and bioevaluation of 30 piperazinyl-benzothiazinone-based quinoline hybrids as prospective anti-TB agents. Preliminary evaluation revealed 24/30 compounds exhibiting substantial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.06-1 µg/ml) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Cytotoxicity analysis against Vero cells found these to be devoid of any significant toxicity, with the majority displaying a selectivity index of >80. Furthermore, potent nontoxic compounds, when screened against clinical isolates of drug-resistant Mtb strains, demonstrated equipotent inhibition with MIC values of 0.03-0.25 µg/ml. A time-kill study identified a lead compound exhibiting concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, with 10× MIC completely eliminating Mtb bacilli within 7 days. Along with acceptable aqueous solubility and microsomal stability, the optimum active compounds of the series manifested all desirable traits of a promising antimycobacterial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Siva N R Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad N Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venkata M Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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20
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Kumar Sahoo S, Maddipatla S, Nageswara Rao Gajula S, Naiyaz Ahmad M, Kaul G, Nanduri S, Sonti R, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Madhavi Yaddanapudi V. Identification of nitrofuranylchalcone tethered benzoxazole-2-amines as potent inhibitors of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrating bactericidal efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 64:116777. [PMID: 35487101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ever increasing drug resistance has become an impeding threat that continues to hamper effective tackling of otherwise treatable tuberculosis (TB). Such dismal situation necessitates identification and exploration of multitarget acting newer chemotypes with bactericidal efficacy as a priority, that could efficiently hinder uncontrolled spread of TB. In this context, herein we present design, synthesis and bio-evaluation of chalcone tethered bezoxazole-2-amines as promising anti-TB chemotypes. Preliminary screening of 24 compounds revealed initial hits 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and 5-nitrofuran-2-yl derivative exhibiting selective inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Further, structural optimization of hit compounds generated 12 analogues, amongst which 5-nitrofuran-2-yl derivatives displayed potent inhibition of not only drug-susceptible (DS) Mtb but also clinical isolates of drug-resistant (DR) Mtb strains equipotently. Moreover, cell viability test against Vero cells found these compounds with favourable selectivity. Time kill analysis led to the identification of the lead compound (E)-1-(4-((5-chlorobenzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, that demonstrated bactericidal killing of Mtb bacilli. Together with acceptable microsomal stability, the lead compound of the series manifested all desirable traits of a promising antitubercular agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sarvan Maddipatla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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Wang W, He J, Yang J, Zhang C, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang P, Tang S, Wang X, Liu M, Lu W, Zhang HK. Scaffold Hopping Strategy to Identify Prostanoid EP4 Receptor Antagonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7896-7917. [PMID: 35640059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can effectively suppress the natural immune response in humans, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator in the development of tumor cell resistance to immunotherapy. As a major contributor to PGE2-elicited immunosuppressive activity, the EP4 receptor promotes tumor development and progression in the tumor microenvironment, and the development of selective and potent EP4 receptor antagonists should have promising potential for tumor immunotherapy. Aiming at improving the drug-like properties, a series of 4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran derivatives were designed and synthesized through a scaffold hopping strategy. The most promising compound 47 exhibited good EP4 antagonistic activity and excellent subtype selectivity, as well as favorable drug-like properties. It effectively suppressed the expression of multiple immunosuppression-related genes in macrophages. Meanwhile, oral administration of compound 47, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, significantly enhanced the antitumor immune response and inhibited tumor growth in the mouse CT26 colon carcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiacheng He
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuowen Tang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Han-Kun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Unit, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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Abstract
Metabolite profiling is an indispensable part of drug discovery and development, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the drug's metabolic behavior. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry facilitates metabolite profiling by reducing sample complexity and providing high sensitivity. This review discusses the in vivo metabolite profiling involving LC-MS/MS and the utilization of QTOF, QQQ mass analyzers with a particular emphasis on a mass filter. Further, a summary of sample extraction procedures in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, feces, serum and hair as in vivo samples are outlined. toward the end, we present 15 case studies in biological matrices and their LC-MS/MS conditions to understand the metabolic disposition.
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Rao Gajula SN, Pillai MS, Samanthula G, Sonti R. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: a review on drug metabolizing enzyme inhibition studies in drug discovery and development. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1355-1378. [PMID: 34517735 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of drug candidate's potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains crucial in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Both direct and time-dependent inhibition of drug metabolizing CYP enzymes by the concomitant administered drug is the leading cause of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), resulting in the increased toxicity of the victim drug. In this context, pharmaceutical companies have grown increasingly diligent in limiting CYP inhibition liabilities of drug candidates in the early stages and examining risk assessments throughout the drug development process. This review discusses different strategies and decision-making processes for assessing the drug-drug interaction risks by enzyme inhibition and lays particular emphasis on in vitro study designs and interpretation of CYP inhibition data in a stage-appropriate context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 50003, India
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