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Dridi R, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Srairi-Abid N, Socha B, Zid MF. One-pot synthesis, structural investigation, antitumor activity and molecular docking approach of two decavanadate compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112533. [PMID: 38547784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Two bases-decavanadates coordination compounds [(C6H13N4)2][Mg(H2O)6]2[O28V10].6H2O (1) and [(C7H11N2)4][Mg(H2O)6][O28V10].4H2O (2) have been synthesized and well characterized using vibrational spectroscopy (infrared), UV-Visible analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The formula unit, for both compounds, is composed by the decavanadate [V10O28]6-, hydrated magnesium ion, a counter anion and free water molecules. The transition metal adopts octahedral geometries in both compound (1) and (2). The existence of a multitude of hydrogen bonding interactions for both compounds provides a stable three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Optical absorption reveals a band gap energy indicating the semi-conductive nature of the compound. In this study, the cytotoxic and the anti-proliferative activities of compounds (1) and (2) on human cancer cells (U87 and MDA-MB-231) were investigated. Both compounds demonstrated dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity on U87 and MDA-MB-231 with respective IC50 values of 0.82 and 0.31 μM and 1.4 and 1.75 μM. These data provide evidence on the potential anticancer activity of [(C6H13N4)2][Mg(H2O)6]2[O28V10].6H2O and [(C7H11N2)4][Mg(H2O)2][O28V10].4H2O. Molecular docking of the compounds was also examined. Molecular docking studies were performed for both compounds against four target receptors and revealed better binding affinity with these targets in comparison to Cisplatin. Moreover, molecular docking investigations suggest that these compounds may function as potential inhibitors of proteins in brain and breast cells, exhibiting greater efficiency compared to Cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Dridi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Materials, Crystal Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- University of Tunis El Manar, Salah Azaiz Institute, LR21SP01, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Precision Medicine and Investigation in Oncology, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.; University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01, Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01, Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Bhavesh Socha
- Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Faouzi Zid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Materials, Crystal Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Koyuncu I, Temiz E, Güler EM, Durgun M, Yuksekdag O, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT. Effective Anticancer Potential of a New Sulfonamide as a Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitor Against Aggressive Tumors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300680. [PMID: 38323458 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examines efficiency of a newly synthesized sulfonamide derivative 2-bromo-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)propanamide (MMH-1) on the inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is overexpressed in many solid tumors including breast cancer. The inhibitory potential of MMH-1 compound against its four major isoforms, including cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, as well as tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms hCA IX and XII, was evaluated. To this context, the cytotoxic effect of MMH-1 on cancer and normal cells was tested and found to selectively affect MDA-MB-231 cells. MMH-1 reduced cell proliferation by holding cells in the G0/G1 phase (72 %) and slowed the cells' wound healing capacity. MMH-1 inhibited CA IX under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions and altered the morphology of triple negative breast cancer cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibition of CA IX was accompanied by a decrease in extracellular pH acidity (7.2), disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity (80 %), an increase in reactive oxygen levels (25 %), and the triggering of apoptosis (40 %). In addition, the caspase cascade (CASP-3, -8, -9) was activated in MDA-MB-231 cells, triggering both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The expression of pro-apoptotic regulatory proteins (Bad, Bax, Bid, Bim, Cyt-c, Fas, FasL, TNF-a, TNF-R1, HTRA, SMAC, Casp-3, -8, P21, P27, and P53) was increased, while the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, apoptosis inhibitor proteins (IAPs), and heat shock proteins (HSPs) (Bcl-2, Bcl-w, cIAP-2, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, Survivin, Livin, and XIAP) was decreased. These results propose that the MMH-1 compound could triggers apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the pH/MMP/ROS pathway through the inhibition of CA IX. This compound is thought to have high potential and promising anticancer properties in the treatment of aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Health Services Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Ozgür Yuksekdag
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy Tel
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy Tel
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Tafech A, Stéphanou A. On the Importance of Acidity in Cancer Cells and Therapy. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:225. [PMID: 38666837 PMCID: PMC11048434 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells are associated with high glycolytic activity, which results in acidification of the tumor microenvironment. The occurrence of this stressful condition fosters tumor aggressiveness, with the outcome of invasiveness and metastasis that are linked to a poor clinical prognosis. Acidosis can be both the cause or consequence of alterations in the functions and expressions of transporters involved in intracellular acidity regulation. This review aims to explore the origin of acidity in cancer cells and the various mechanisms existing in tumors to resist, survive, or thrive in the acidic environment. It highlights the difficulties in measuring the intracellular pH evolution that impedes our understanding of the many regulatory and feedback mechanisms. It finally presents the consequences of acidity on tumor development as well as the friend or foe role of acidity in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélique Stéphanou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Shamis SAK, Edwards J, McMillan DC. The relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and patient survival in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:46. [PMID: 37061698 PMCID: PMC10105416 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is a characteristic of many solid tumours and an adverse prognostic factor for cancer therapy. Hypoxia results in upregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression, a pH-regulating enzyme. Many human tissue studies have examined the prognostic value of CAIX expression in breast cancer but have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the prognostic value of CAIX expression for breast cancer patients. METHODS The electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant papers. The clinical outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients. Review Manager version 5.4 was employed to analysis data from 23 eligible studies (containing 8390 patients). RESULTS High CAIX expression was associated with poorer RFS [HR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.32-1.51), p < 0.00001], DFS [HR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.34-2.00), p < 0.00001], and OS [HR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.22-1.80), p < 0.0001]. Heterogeneity was observed across the studies. There was an effect of the CAIX antibody employed, scoring methods, and tumour localisation on CAIX expression. CONCLUSION CAIX overexpression was significantly associated with poorer RFS, DFS, and OS in breast cancer patients. However, further work in high quantity tissue cohorts is required to define the optimal methodological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad A K Shamis
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
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Frost CJ, Ramirez-Mata A, Khattri RB, Merritt ME, Frost SC. Effects of β-caryophyllene and oxygen availability on cholesterol and fatty acids in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281396. [PMID: 36893152 PMCID: PMC9997903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of most solid tumors, one that favors tumor progression and limits treatment effectiveness. Targeting hypoxia has long been a goal in cancer therapy, by identifying factors that reverse or ameliorate the effects of hypoxia on cancer cells. We, and others, have shown that β-caryophyllene (BCP) exhibits anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells. We have further shown that non-cytotoxic concentrations of BCP affect cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis in hypoxic hBrC cells at both transcriptional and translational levels. This led us to hypothesize that BCP may reverse the hypoxic phenotype in hBrC cells. To test this, we determined the effect of BCP on hypoxic sensitive pathways, including oxygen consumption, glycolysis, oxidative stress, cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, and ERK activation. While each of these studies revealed new information on the regulation by hypoxia and BCP, only the lipidomic studies showed reversal of hypoxic-dependent effects by BCP. These later studies showed that hypoxia-treated samples lowered monounsaturated fatty acid levels, shifting the saturation ratios of the fatty acid pools. This signature was ameliorated by sub-lethal concentrations of BCP, possibly through an effect on the C:16 fatty acid saturation ratios. This is consistent with BCP-induced upregulation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene, observed previously. This suggests that BCP may interfere with the lipid signature modulated by hypoxia which could have consequences for membrane biosynthesis or composition, both of which are important for cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Frost
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ram B. Khattri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Jung HS, Koo S, Won M, An S, Park H, Sessler JL, Han J, Kim JS. Cu(ii)-BODIPY photosensitizer for CAIX overexpressed cancer stem cell therapy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1808-1819. [PMID: 36819853 PMCID: PMC9930985 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and highlights the need to develop CSC-targeting therapies. Although enormous progress in both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been made in recent decades, the efficacy of these modalities against CSC remains limited. Here, we report a new generation photosensitizer, CA9-BPS-Cu(ii), a system that combines three subunits within a single molecule, namely a copper catalyst for CDT, a boron dipyrromethene photosensitizer for PDT, and acetazolamide for CSC targeting via carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) binding. A therapeutic effect in MDA-MB-231 cells was observed that is ascribed to elevated oxidative stress mediated by a combined CDT/PDT effect, as well as through copper-catalysed glutathione oxidation. The CSC targeting ability of CA9-BPS-Cu(ii) was evident from the enhanced affinity of CA9-BPS-Cu(ii) towards CD133-positive MDA-MB-231 cells where CA9 is overexpressed vs. CD133-negative cells. Moreover, the efficacy of CA9-BPS-Cu(ii) was successfully demonstrated in a xenograft mouse tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University Hwasung-si 18330 Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seeun An
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University Hwasung-si 18330 Korea
| | - Haebeen Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University Hwasung-si 18330 Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hyupsung University Hwasung-si 18330 Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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Nuzzo S, Iaboni M, Ibba ML, Rienzo A, Musumeci D, Franzese M, Roscigno G, Affinito A, Petrillo G, Quintavalle C, Ciccone G, Esposito CL, Catuogno S. Selection of RNA aptamers targeting hypoxia in cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:956935. [PMID: 36188221 PMCID: PMC9515380 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.956935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and it is recognised as a major factor affecting patient clinical outcome. Therefore, the detection of hypoxic areas within the tumour micro-environment represents a useful way to monitor tumour growth and patients’ responses to treatments, properly guiding the choice of the most suitable therapy. To date, non-invasive hypoxia imaging probes have been identified, but their applicability in vivo is strongly limited due to an inadequate resistance to the low oxygen concentration and the acidic pH of the tumour micro-environment. In this regard, nucleic acid aptamers represent very powerful tools thanks to their peculiar features, including high stability to harsh conditions and a small size, resulting in easy and efficient tumour penetration. Here, we describe a modified cell-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) approach that allows the isolation of specific RNA aptamers for the detection of the hypoxic phenotype in breast cancer (BC) cells. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in isolating highly stable aptamers with an improved and specific binding to hypoxic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a cell-SELEX approach properly designed and modified to select RNA aptamers against hypoxia-related epitopes expressed on tumour cell surfaces. The selected aptamers may provide new effective tools for targeting hypoxic areas within the tumour with great clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Luigia Ibba
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rienzo
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccone
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Lucia Esposito
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Lucia Esposito, ; Silvia Catuogno,
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Lucia Esposito, ; Silvia Catuogno,
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Alshuail N, Alehaideb Z, Alghamdi S, Suliman R, Al-Eidi H, Ali R, Barhoumi T, Almutairi M, Alwhibi M, Alghanem B, Alamro A, Alghamdi A, Matou-Nasri S. Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip Flower Dichloromethane Extract Exerts Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Properties in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091060. [PMID: 36145281 PMCID: PMC9506496 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenging disease due to the absence of tailored therapy. The search for new therapies involves intensive research focusing on natural sources. Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) is a traditional medicine from the Middle East region. Various solvent extracts from different A. fragrantissima plant parts, including flowers, leaves, and roots, were tested on TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. Using liquid chromatography, the fingerprinting revealed rich and diverse compositions for A. fragrantissima plant parts using polar to non-polar solvent extracts indicating possible differences in bioactivities. Using the CellTiter-Glo™ viability assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined for each extract and ranged from 32.4 to 161.7 µg/mL. The A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract had the lowest mean IC50 value and was chosen for further investigation. Upon treatment with increasing A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract concentrations, the MDA-MB-231 cells displayed, in a dose-dependent manner, enhanced morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase activity, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, assessed using phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence-activated single-cell sorting analysis, Image-iT™ live caspase, and mitochondrial transition pore opening activity, respectively. Anticancer target prediction and molecular docking studies revealed the inhibitory activity of a few A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract-derived metabolites against carbonic anhydrase IX, an enzyme reported for its anti-apoptotic properties. In conclusion, these findings suggest promising therapeutic values of the A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract against TNBC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alshuail
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alghamdi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Suliman
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almutairi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alwhibi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alghanem
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alamro
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-429-4444 (ext. 94535); Fax: +966-11-429-4440
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In-silico predicting as a tool to develop plant-based biomedicines and nanoparticles: Lycium shawii metabolites. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113008. [PMID: 35489282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE In silico approach helps develop biomedicines and is useful for exploring the pharmacology of potential therapeutics using computer-simulated models. In vitro assays were used to determine the anti-microbial and cytotoxic efficacies of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with the shrub Lycium shawii. METHODS In silico predicting was performed to assess the L. shawii metabolites identified using QTOF-LCMS for their pharmacological properties. L. shawii mediated AgNPs were synthesized and characterized (FTIR, TEM, SEM, DLS and EDX). The anti-bacterial efficacies of L. shawii extract, AgNPs, and penicillin-conjugated AgNPs (pen-AgNPs) were determined. The cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was measured against colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116), normal breast epithelium (MCF 10 A), and breast cancer cell line (MDA MB 231). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five molecules (costunolide, catechin, emodin, lyciumaside, and aloe emodin 11-O-rhamnoside) were detected in the L. shawii extract. AgNPs (69 nm) were spherical with crystallographic structure. All three agents prepared showed inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria, the most efficacious being pen-AgNPs. High cytotoxicity of AgNPs (IC50 62 μg/ml) was observed against HCT116, IC50 was 78 μg/ml for MCF 10 A, and 250 μg/ml for MDA MB 231, of which cells showed apoptotic features under TEM examination. The in silico approach indicated that the carbonic anhydrase IX enzyme was the target molecule mediating anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities and that emodin was the metabolite in action. CONCLUSIONS Combining in vitro studies and in silico molecular target prediction helps find novel therapeutic agents. Among L. shawii metabolites, emodin is suggested for further studies as an agent for drug development against pathogenic bacteria and cancer.
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11
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Zhang B, Xu Z, Zhou W, Liu Z, Zhao J, Gou S. A light-controlled multi-step drug release nanosystem targeting tumor hypoxia for synergistic cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11810-11820. [PMID: 34659720 PMCID: PMC8442699 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01888d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major obstacle for cancer therapy due to its association with cell proliferation, tumor distant metastasis, and treatment resistance. In this study, a hypoxia-activated bifunctional prodrug (CC5) was designed, synthesized and encapsulated by a photo-responsive ruthenium complex-derived polymer to yield a light-controlled multi-step drug release system (CC5-RuCa) for synergistic therapy against tumor hypoxia. Under NIR irradiation, CC5-RuCa not only generated ROS to kill the cancer cells in the exterior of the tumor but also released the prodrug CC5 with enhanced intratumoral penetration in the severe hypoxia region inside the tumor tissue. In vivo studies on MDA-MB-231 xenograft models revealed that CC5-RuCa with preferential accumulation in the tumor exhibited highly efficient tumor regression through the synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Zichen Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Nanjing Junruo Institute of Biomedicine Nanjing 211100 China
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12
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El-Benhawy SA, Ebeid SA, Abd El Moneim NA, Arab ARR, Ramadan R. Repression of protocadherin 17 is correlated with elevated angiogenesis and hypoxia markers in female patients with breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:139-148. [PMID: 33896826 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cadherin expression plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor progression. However, the function of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) in breast cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our target is to explore PCDH17 gene expression in breast carcinoma tissues and its relation to serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and % of circulating CD34+ cells in breast cancer patients (BCPs). METHODS This study included Fifty female BCPs and 50 healthy females as control group. Cancerous and neighboring normal breast tissues were collected from BCPs as well as blood samples at diagnosis. PCDH17 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Serum Ang-2, CAIX levels were measured by ELISA and % CD34+ cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS PCDH17 was downregulated in cancerous breast tissues and its repression was significantly correlated with advanced stage and larger tumor size. Low PCDH17 was significantly correlated with serum Ang-2, % CD34+ cells and serum CAIX levels. Serum CAIX, Ang-2 and % CD34+ cells levels were highly elevated in BCPs and significantly correlated with clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS PCDH17 downregulation correlated significantly with increased angiogenic and hypoxia biomarkers. These results explore the role of PCDH17 as a tumor suppressor gene inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ebeid
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Abd El Moneim
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal R R Arab
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rabie Ramadan
- Experimental and Clinical Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Angeli A, Pinteala M, Maier SS, Toti A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Selleri S, Carta F, Supuran CT. Tellurides bearing benzensulfonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with potent antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 45:128147. [PMID: 34052322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated in vitro a series of telluride containing compounds bearing the benzenesulfonamide group, as effective inhibitors of the physiologically relevant human (h) expressed Carbonic Anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) enzymes I, II, IV VII and IX. The potent effects of such compounds against the tumor-associated hCA IX being low nanomolar inhibitors (KI 2.2 to 2.9 nM) and with good selectivity over the ubiquitous hCA II, gave the possibility to evaluate their lethal effect in vitro against a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Among the series, both compounds 3a and 3g induced significant toxic effects against tumor cells after 48 h incubation. Under normoxic condition 3a showed high efficacy killing over 94% of tumor cells at 1 µM, and derivative 3g reached the tumor cell viability under the 5% at 10 µM. In hypoxic condition, these two compounds showed less effective although retained excellent cancer cell killer. These unusual features make them interesting lead compounds acting as antitumor agents also in tumor types not dependent from hCA IX overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Stelian S Maier
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; Polymers Research Center, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alessandra Toti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Selleri
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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14
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Mboge MY, Coombs J, Singh S, Andring J, Wolff A, Tu C, Zhang Z, McKenna R, Frost SC. Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Using SLC-149: Support for a Noncatalytic Function of CAIX in Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1713-1724. [PMID: 33523653 PMCID: PMC9945910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is considered a target for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors. In this study, the efficacy of the inhibitor, 4-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SLC-149), is evaluated on CAIX and a CAIX-mimic. We show that SLC-149 is a better inhibitor than acetazolamide against CAIX. Binding of SLC-149 thermally stabilizes CAIX-mimic at lower concentrations compared to that of CAII. Structural examinations of SLC-149 bound to CAIX-mimic and CAII explain binding preferences. In cell culture, SLC-149 is a more effective inhibitor of CAIX activity in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line than previously studied sulfonamide inhibitors. SLC-149 is also a better inhibitor of activity in cells expressing CAIX versus CAXII. However, SLC-149 has little effect on cytotoxicity, and high concentrations are required to inhibit cell growth, migration, and invasion. These data support the hypothesis that CAIX activity, shown to be important in regulating extracellular pH, does not underlie its ability to control cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Coombs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alyssa Wolff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- SignalChem Lifesciences Corp 13120 Vanier Place, Richmond, British Columbia V6V 2J2
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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15
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Krasavin M, Kalinin S, Sharonova T, Supuran CT. Inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase IX and XII as a candidate selection criterion in the development of new anticancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1555-1561. [PMID: 32746643 PMCID: PMC7470080 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1801674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the literature data reveals that while inhibition of cancer-related carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms continues to be an important enrichment factor for designing anticancer agent development libraries, exclusive reliance on the in vitro inhibition of these two recombinant isozymes in nominating candidate compounds for evaluation of their effects on cancer cells may lead not only to identifying numerous compounds devoid of the desired cellular efficacy but also to overlooking many promising candidates which may not display the best potency in biochemical inhibition assay. However, SLC-0111, now in phase Ib/II clinical trials, was developed based on the excellent agreement between the in vitro, in vivo and more recently, in-patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sharonova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Tanini D, Ricci L, Capperucci A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Peat TS, Carta F, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Synthesis of novel tellurides bearing benzensulfonamide moiety as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111586. [PMID: 31401537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthetized a novel series of β-hydroxy tellurides bearing the benzenesulfonamide group as potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase enzymes. In a one pot procedure, we discovered both the ring opening reaction of the three-membered ring and the cleavage of the sulfonamide protecting moiety at the same time. Moreover, the first X-ray co-crystallographic structure of a β-hydroxy telluride derivative with hCA II is reported. The potent effects of these compounds against the tumor-associated hCA IX with low nanomolar constant inhibition values give the possibility to evaluate their activity in vitro using a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Compounds 7e and 7g induced significant toxic effects against tumor cells after 48 h incubation in normoxic conditions killing over 50% of tumor cells at 3 μM, but their efficacy decreased in hypoxic conditions reaching the 50% of the tumor cell viability only at 30 μM. These unusual features make them interesting lead compounds to act as antitumor agents, not only as Carbonic Anhydrase IX inhibitors, but reasonably in different pathways, where hCA IX is not overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Tanini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas S Peat
- CSIRO, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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17
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A non-catalytic function of carbonic anhydrase IX contributes to the glycolytic phenotype and pH regulation in human breast cancer cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:1497-1513. [PMID: 31072911 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most aggressive and invasive tumor cells often reside in hypoxic microenvironments and rely heavily on rapid anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. This switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, along with up-regulation of the glucose transport system, significantly increases the release of lactic acid from cells into the tumor microenvironment. Excess lactate and proton excretion exacerbate extracellular acidification to which cancer cells, but not normal cells, adapt. We have hypothesized that carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a role in stabilizing both intracellular and extracellular pH to favor cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we show that proton efflux (acidification) using the glycolytic rate assay is dependent on both extracellular pH (pHe) and CA IX expression. Yet, isoform-selective sulfonamide-based inhibitors of CA IX did not alter proton flux, which suggests that the catalytic activity of CA IX is not necessary for this regulation. Other investigators have suggested the CA IX co-operates with the MCT transport family to excrete protons. To test this possibility, we examined the expression patterns of selected ion transporters and show that members of this family are differentially expressed within the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The most aggressive form of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, appears to co-ordinately express the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). This supports a possible mechanism that utilizes the intramolecular H+ shuttle system in CA IX to facilitate proton efflux through MCT4.
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18
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Gide TN, Quek C, Menzies AM, Tasker AT, Shang P, Holst J, Madore J, Lim SY, Velickovic R, Wongchenko M, Yan Y, Lo S, Carlino MS, Guminski A, Saw RPM, Pang A, McGuire HM, Palendira U, Thompson JF, Rizos H, Silva IPD, Batten M, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Wilmott JS. Distinct Immune Cell Populations Define Response to Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy and Anti-PD-1/Anti-CTLA-4 Combined Therapy. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:238-255.e6. [PMID: 30753825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies provide survival benefits in responding patients, but many patients fail to respond. Identifying the biology of treatment response and resistance are a priority to optimize drug selection and improve patient outcomes. We performed transcriptomic and immune profiling on 158 tumor biopsies from melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 63) or combined anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 (n = 57). These data identified activated T cell signatures and T cell populations in responders to both treatments. Further mass cytometry analysis identified an EOMES+CD69+CD45RO+ effector memory T cell phenotype that was significantly more abundant in responders to combined immunotherapy compared with non-responders (n = 18). The gene expression profile of this population was associated with longer progression-free survival in patients treated with single agent and greater tumor shrinkage in both treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Ipilimumab/administration & dosage
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Phenotype
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Retrospective Studies
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba N Gide
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Camelia Quek
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Annie T Tasker
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ping Shang
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Su Yin Lim
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Rebecca Velickovic
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Matthew Wongchenko
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yibing Yan
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alexander Guminski
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angel Pang
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcel Batten
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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19
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Mboge MY, Ramirez-Mata A, Bullock A, O’Donnell R, Mathias JV, Davila J, Frost CJ, Frost SC. β-caryophyllene enhances the transcriptional upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer cells. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019; 20:1-16. [PMID: 34733015 PMCID: PMC8561761 DOI: 10.31300/ctbr.20.2019.1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-caryophyllene (BCP) exhibits anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells. Here, we examine the hypothesis that BCP induces membrane remodeling. Our data show that high concentrations of BCP increase membrane permeability of human breast cells (hBrC) causing detachment and cell death. At a sub-lethal concentration of BCP, we show that BCP induces a striking upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, including the gene that encodes for HMGCoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-determining step in cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is also upregulated which would lead to the enhanced formation of monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically oleate and palmitoleate from stearoyl CoA and palmitoyl CoA, respectively. These fatty acids are major components of membrane phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Together, these data suggest that cells respond to BCP by increasing the synthesis of components found in membranes. These responses could be viewed as a repair mechanism and/or as a mechanism to mount resistance to the cytotoxic effect of BCP. Blocking HMGCR activity enhances the cytotoxicity of BCP, suggesting that BCP may provide an additional therapeutic tool in controlling breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam Bullock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Riley O’Donnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John V. Mathias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie Davila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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20
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Mboge MY, Chen Z, Wolff A, Mathias JV, Tu C, Brown KD, Bozdag M, Carta F, Supuran CT, McKenna R, Frost SC. Selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX over carbonic anhydrase XII in breast cancer cells using benzene sulfonamides: Disconnect between activity and growth inhibition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207417. [PMID: 30452451 PMCID: PMC6242694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been linked to tumor progression, particularly membrane-bound CA isoform IX (CA IX). The role of CA IX in the context of breast cancer is to regulate the pH of the tumor microenvironment. In contrast to CA IX, expression of CA XII, specifically in breast cancer, is associated with better outcome despite performing the same catalytic function. In this study, we have structurally modeled the orientation of bound ureido-substituted benzene sulfonamides (USBs) within the active site of CA XII, in comparison to CA IX and cytosolic off-target CA II, to understand isoform specific inhibition. This has identified specific residues within the CA active site, which differ between isoforms that are important for inhibitor binding and isoform specificity. The ability of these sulfonamides to block CA IX activity in breast cancer cells is less effective than their ability to block activity of the recombinant protein (by one to two orders of magnitude depending on the inhibitor). The same is true for CA XII activity but now they are two to three orders of magnitude less effective. Thus, there is significantly greater specificity for CA IX activity over CA XII. While the inhibitors block cell growth, without inducing cell death, this again occurs at two orders of magnitude above the Ki values for inhibition of CA IX and CA XII activity in their respective cell types. Surprisingly, the USBs inhibited cell growth even in cells where CA IX and CA XII expression was ablated. Despite the potential for these sulfonamides as chemotherapeutic agents, these data suggest that we reconsider the role of CA activity on growth potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Wolff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - John V. Mathias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Murat Bozdag
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Biophysical, Biochemical, and Cell Based Approaches Used to Decipher the Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Cancer and to Evaluate the Potency of Targeted Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2906519. [PMID: 30112206 PMCID: PMC6077552 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2906519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are thought to be important for regulating pH in the tumor microenvironment. A few of the CA isoforms are upregulated in cancer cells, with only limited expression in normal cells. For these reasons, there is interest in developing inhibitors that target these tumor-associated CA isoforms, with increased efficacy but limited nonspecific cytotoxicity. Here we present some of the biophysical, biochemical, and cell based techniques and approaches that can be used to evaluate the potency of CA targeted inhibitors and decipher the role of CAs in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastatic processes. These techniques include esterase activity assays, stop flow kinetics, and mass inlet mass spectroscopy (MIMS), all of which measure enzymatic activity of purified protein, in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Also discussed is the application of X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM as well as other structure-based techniques and thermal shift assays to the studies of CA structure and function. Further, large-scale genomic and proteomic analytical methods, as well as cell based techniques like those that measure cell growth, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cell migration and invasion, are discussed. We conclude by reviewing approaches that test the metastatic potential of CAs and how the aforementioned techniques have contributed to the field of CA cancer research.
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Chen Z, Ai L, Mboge MY, Tu C, McKenna R, Brown KD, Heldermon CD, Frost SC. Differential expression and function of CAIX and CAXII in breast cancer: A comparison between tumorgraft models and cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199476. [PMID: 29965974 PMCID: PMC6028082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and XII (CAXII) are transmembrane proteins that are associated with cancer progression. We have previously described the catalytic properties of CAIX in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, a line of cells that were derived from a patient with triple negative breast cancer. We chose this line because CAIX expression in breast cancer is a marker of hypoxia and a prognosticator for reduced survival. However, CAXII expression is associated with better survival statistics than those patients with low CAXII expression. Yet CAIX and CAXII have similar catalytic activities. Here we compare the potential roles of CAIX and CAXII in the context of TNBC and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In tumor graft models, we show that CAIX and CAXII exhibit distinct expression patterns and non-overlapping. We find the same pattern across a panel of TNBC and luminal breast cancer cell lines. This affords an opportunity to compare directly CAIX and CAXII function. Our data suggest that CAIX expression is associated with growth potentiation in the tumor graft model and in a TNBC line using knockdown strategies and blocking activity with an impermeant sulfonamide inhibitor, N-3500. CAXII was not associated with growth potentiation. The catalytic activities of both CAIX and CAXII were sensitive to inhibition by N-3500 and activated at low pH. However, pH titration of activity in membrane ghosts revealed significant differences in the catalytic efficiency and pKa values. These features provide evidence that CAIX is a more efficient enzyme than CAXII at low pH and that CAIX shifts the equilibrium between CO2 and bicarbonate in favor of CO2 production by consuming protons. This suggests that in the acidic microenvironment of tumors, CAIX plays a role in stabilizing pH at a value that favors cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Chen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Lingbao Ai
- The Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mam Y Mboge
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert McKenna
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kevin D Brown
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Coy D Heldermon
- The Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Susan C Frost
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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23
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Ibrahim HS, Allam HA, Mahmoud WR, Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Ibrahim ES, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT. Dual-tail arylsulfone-based benzenesulfonamides differently match the hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of human carbonic anhydrases active sites: Selective inhibitors for the tumor-associated hCA IX isoform. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:1-9. [PMID: 29684705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two new sets of arylsulfonehydrazone benzenesulfonamides (4a-4i with phenyl tail and 4j-4q with tolyl tail) are reported. The compounds were designed according to a dual-tails approach to modulate the interactions of the ligands portions at the outer rim of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic active site halves of human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against the following human (h) isoforms, hCA I, II, IV and IX. With the latter being a validated anticancer drug target and a marker of tumor hypoxia, attractive results arose from the Compounds' inhibitory screening in terms of potency and selectivity. Indeed, whereas the first subset of compounds 4a-4i exhibited great efficacy in inhibiting both the ubiquitous, off-target hCA II (KIs 9.5-172.0 nM) and hCA IX (KIs 7.5-131.5 nM), the second subset of tolyl-bearing derivatives 4j-4q were shown to possess a selective hCA IX inhibitory action over isoforms I, II and IV. The most selective compounds 4l and 4n were further screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines under hypoxic conditions. The selective IX/II inhibitory trend of 4j-4q compared to those of compounds 4a-4i was unveiled by docking studies. Further exploration of these molecules could be useful for the development of novel antitumor agents with a selective CA inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdelrasheed Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eslam S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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24
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Chen Z, Ai L, Mboge MY, McKenna R, Frost CJ, Heldermon CD, Frost SC. UFH-001 cells: A novel triple negative, CAIX-positive, human breast cancer model system. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:598-608. [PMID: 29561695 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1449612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell lines are an important resource for research, and are often used as in vitro models of human diseases. In response to the mandate that all cells should be authenticated, we discovered that the MDA-MB-231 cells that were in use in our lab, did not validate based on the alleles of 9 different markers (STR Profile). We had been using this line as a model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that has the ability to form tumors in immuno-compromised mice. Based on marker analysis, these cells most closely resembled the MCF10A line, which are a near diploid and normal mammary epithelial line. Yet, the original cells express carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) both constitutively and in response to hypoxia and are features that likely drive the aggressive nature of these cells. Thus, we sought to sub-purify CAIX-expressing cells using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). These studies have revealed a new line of cells that we have name UFH-001, which have the TNBC phenotype, are positive for CAIX expression, both constitutively and in response to hypoxia, and behave aggressively in vivo. These cells may be useful for exploring mechanisms that underlie progression, migration, and metastasis of this phenotype. In addition, constitutive expression of CAIX allows its evaluation as a therapeutic target, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Chen
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Gainesville , FL
| | - Lingbao Ai
- b Department of Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL
| | - Mam Y Mboge
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Gainesville , FL
| | - Robert McKenna
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Gainesville , FL
| | | | - Coy D Heldermon
- b Department of Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL
| | - Susan C Frost
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Gainesville , FL
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25
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Harami-Papp H, Pongor LS, Munkácsy G, Horváth G, Nagy ÁM, Ambrus A, Hauser P, Szabó A, Tretter L, Győrffy B. TP53 mutation hits energy metabolism and increases glycolysis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67183-67195. [PMID: 27582538 PMCID: PMC5341867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising new hallmarks of cancer is alteration of energy metabolism that involves molecular mechanisms shifting cancer cells to aerobe glycolysis. Our goal was to evaluate the correlation between mutation in the commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene TP53 and metabolism. We established a database comprising mutation and RNA-seq expression data of the TCGA repository and performed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to compare expression of each gene between TP53 mutated and wild type samples. All together 762 breast cancer samples were evaluated of which 215 had TP53 mutation. Top up-regulated metabolic genes include glycolytic enzymes (e.g. HK3, GPI, GAPDH, PGK1, ENO1), glycolysis regulator (PDK1) and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes (PGD, TKT, RPIA). Gluconeogenesis enzymes (G6PC3, FBP1) were down-regulated. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured in TP53 wild type and mutant breast cell lines with a microfluorimetric analyzer. Applying metabolic inhibitors in the presence and absence of D-glucose and L-glutamine in cell culture experiments resulted in higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity in TP53 mutant breast cancer cell lines. In summary, TP53 mutation influences energy metabolism at multiple levels. Our results provide evidence for the synergistic activation of multiple hallmarks linking to these the mutation status of a key driver gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lőrinc S Pongor
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Munkácsy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Horváth
- Semmelweis University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám M Nagy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Semmelweis University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hauser
- Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tretter
- Semmelweis University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Zhao B, Burgess K. Click-Addressable Cassette for Photoaffinity Labeling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:155-158. [PMID: 29456805 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A small molecule 1 was designed to contain an alkyne, a trifluoromethyl phenyldiazirine, and a free piperidine-NH for facile conjugation to protein binding ligands. This "cassette" 1 was synthesized via a relatively direct route involving only routine steps. In this proof-of-concept study, putative ligands for carbonic anhydrase IX and for TrkC were conjugated to 1. Photoaffinity labeling was performed using purified extracellular regions of both these protein-receptors, and using cells that express these receptors (isolation via a pull-down procedure), labeling of the protein was observed in all four experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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27
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Thomas M, Davis T, Loos B, Sishi B, Huisamen B, Strijdom H, Engelbrecht AM. Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of amino acids and ATP levels during acute amino acid starvation in MDAMB231 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:65-79. [PMID: 29399832 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a major role in the adaptive metabolic response of cancer cells during adverse conditions such as nutrient deprivation. However, specific data that assess metabolite profiles in context with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability and cell death susceptibility remain limited. Human breast cancer cells, MDAMB231, and normal breast epithelial cells, MCF12A, were subjected to short-term amino acid starvation and the cellular apoptotic and autophagic responses assessed. The role of autophagy in the control of cellular amino acid, ATP, free fatty acid, and glucose levels during amino acid starvation were compared. We demonstrate that breast cancer cells have an increased metabolic demand contributing to significant amino acid and ATP depletion in a nutrient-poor environment. Upregulation of autophagy was important for the generation of amino acids and free fatty acids and maintenance of cellular ATP levels. In contrast to normal cells, breast cancer cells were unable to maintain the response after 12 hours of amino acid starvation. Regulation of autophagic activity in these environments had indirect consequences on cell death susceptibility. Overall, our data provide support for autophagy as an important survival mechanism capable of providing metabolic substrates when cancer cells are faced with nutrient-deprived environments. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The results obtained in this study helps to expand our current knowledge on how cells respond to environmental changes; the biochemical and metabolic consequences and the physiological processes activated in response. The environmental stress applied in this study is relevant to tumour physiology, and results can be translated to cancer therapeutic and clinical research areas, ultimately assisting in the specific targeting of cancer cells while avoiding harm to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tanja Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Balindiwe Sishi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Diabetes Discovery Platform, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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28
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Zandberga E, Zayakin P, Ābols A, Pūpola D, Trapencieris P, Linē A. Depletion of carbonic anhydrase IX abrogates hypoxia-induced overexpression of stanniocalcin-1 in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:596-605. [PMID: 28665755 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1345390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a pH-regulating enzyme that plays a key role in maintaining an alkaline intracellular pH under hypoxic conditions. It is overexpressed in a variety of solid cancers, including breast cancer (BC), and has been implicated in the migration, invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells. Therefore, CAIX recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of BC. To gain an insight into the mechanism of action of CAIX inhibitors, we investigated the impact of CAIX knock-down on the transcriptional response to hypoxia in 2 BC cell lines - MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, by performing a global gene expression analysis. This showed that CAIX knock-down had a relatively minor effect on the global transcriptional response to hypoxia, however it blocked hypoxia-induced upregulation of stanniocalcin-1 (STC1), a secreted glycoprotein that has been shown to promote tumor progression and metastasis in BC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high STC1 expression is significantly associated with poor survival in patients with basal-type breast cancer but not luminal A and HER2+ subtypes. Moreover, the association was particularly high in a subgroup of basal-type BC patients with TP53 mutations thus revealing a putative cooperation of STC1 with mutated TP53 in generating highly aggressive BC subgroup. Taken together, these findings show that CAIX inhibitors at least partially act through blocking STC1 induction in BC cells and reveal a subgroup of BC patients, who potentially would benefit most from the treatment with CAIX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elīna Zandberga
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Artūrs Ābols
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Dārta Pūpola
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | | | - Aija Linē
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia.,c Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
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29
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Jung HS, Han J, Shi H, Koo S, Singh H, Kim HJ, Sessler JL, Lee JY, Kim JH, Kim JS. Overcoming the Limits of Hypoxia in Photodynamic Therapy: A Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7595-7602. [PMID: 28459562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) is avoiding PDT-induced hypoxia, which can lead to cancer recurrence and progression through activation of various angiogenic factors and significantly reduce treatment outcomes. Reported here is an acetazolamide (AZ)-conjugated BODIPY photosensitizer (AZ-BPS) designed to mitigate the effects of PDT-based hypoxia by combining the benefits of anti-angiogenesis therapy with PDT. AZ-BPS showed specific affinity to aggressive cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells) that overexpress carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). It displayed enhanced photocytotoxicity compared to a reference compound, BPS, which is an analogous PDT agent that lacks an acetazolamide unit. AZ-BPS also displayed an enhanced in vivo efficacy in a xenograft mouse tumor regrowth model relative to BPS, an effect attributed to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by both PDT-induced ROS generation and CAIX knockdown. AZ-BPS was evaluated successfully in clinical samples collected from breast cancer patients. We thus believe that the combined approach described here represents an attractive therapeutic approach to targeting CAIX-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Biotechnology, Hyupsung University , Hwasung-si 18330, Korea
| | - Hu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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30
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Visagie MH, Jaiswal SR, Joubert AM. In vitro assessment of a computer-designed potential anticancer agent in cervical cancer cells. Biol Res 2016; 49:43. [PMID: 27806731 PMCID: PMC5093968 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Computer-based technology is becoming increasingly essential in biological research where drug discovery programs start with the identification of suitable drug targets. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a 17β-estradiol metabolite that induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines including cervical cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Owing to 2ME2’s poor in vivo bioavailability, our laboratory in silico-designed and subsequently synthesized a novel 2ME2 analogue, 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol), using receptor- and ligand molecular modeling. In this study, the biological effects of ESE-15-ol (180 nM) and its parent molecule, 2ME2 (1 µM), were assessed on morphology and apoptosis induction in cervical cancer cells. Results Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast (PlasDIC) images demonstrated morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including apoptotic bodies, shrunken cells, vacuoles, reduced cell density and cell debris. Flow cytometry analysis showed apoptosis induction by means of annexin V-FITC staining. Cell cycle analysis showed that ESE-15-ol exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in the G2M phase (72%) compared to 2ME2 (19%). Apoptosis induction was more pronounced when cells were exposed to ESE-15-ol compared to 2ME2. Spectrophotometric analysis of caspase 8 activity demonstrated that 2ME2 and ESE-15-ol both induced caspase 8 activation by 2- and 1.7-fold respectively indicating the induction of the apoptosis. However, ESE-15-ol exerted all of the above-mentioned effects at a much lower pharmacological concentration (180 nM) compared to 2ME2 (1 µM physiological concentration). Conclusion Computer-based technology is essential in drug discovery and together with in vitro studies for the evaluation of these in silico-designed compounds, drug development can be improved to be cost effective and time consuming. This study evaluated the anticancer potential of ESE-15-ol, an in silico-designed compound in vitro. Research demonstrated that ESE-15-ol exerts antiproliferative activity accompanied with apoptosis induction at a nanomolar concentration compared to the micromolar range required by 2ME2. This study is the first study to demonstrate the influence of ESE-15-ol on morphology, cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in HeLa cells. In silico-design by means of receptor- and ligand molecular modeling is thus effective in improving compound bioavailability while preserving apoptotic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
| | - Seema Rummurat Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
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31
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Amiri A, Le PU, Moquin A, Machkalyan G, Petrecca K, Gillard JW, Yoganathan N, Maysinger D. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX in glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:81-92. [PMID: 27702686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane enzyme upregulated in several types of tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is among the most aggressive tumors among gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) therapy combined with surgical or radiation approaches is the standard treatment but not effective in long term. In this study we tested the treatment with acetazolamide (ATZ), an inhibitor of CAIX, alone or combined with TMZ. The experiments were performed in 2D and 3D cultures (spheroids) using glioblastoma U251N and human brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). Several proteins implicated in tumor cell death were also investigated. The key results from these studies suggest the following: (1) Cell death of human glioblastoma spheroids and BTSC is significantly increased with combined treatment after 7 days, and (2) the effectiveness of ATZ is significantly enhanced against BTSC and U251N when incorporated into nano-carriers. Collectively, these results point toward the usefulness of nano-delivery of CAIX inhibitors and their combination with chemotherapeutics for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Phuong Uyen Le
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gayane Machkalyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
| | - John W Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Kalgene Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Park at Queens University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Yoganathan
- Kalgene Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Park at Queens University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Intrinsic thermodynamics of inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrase IX. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:708-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chu CY, Jin YT, Zhang W, Yu J, Yang HP, Wang HY, Zhang ZJ, Liu XP, Zou Q. CA IX is upregulated in CoCl2-induced hypoxia and associated with cell invasive potential and a poor prognosis of breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:271-80. [PMID: 26648580 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common phenomenon during the development of malignant solid tumors including breast cancer, serves to propagate a cascade of molecular pathways triggered by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), one of the target genes of HIF-1α, has been reported to be involved in progression of malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of HIF-1α and CA IX in hypoxia, involvement of CA IX in the regulation of migration and invasion/metastasis and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. We used cobalt chloride (CoCl2) as a hypoxia-mimetic agent and found that the expression of HIF-1α protein, CA IX mRNA and protein, is effectively upregulated, except for HIF-1α mRNA. Data showed that the elevated CA IX expression is closely related to in vitro cell migration and invasion, and the underlying mechanism of this process may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The study of clinical tissue samples also demonstrated that CA IX is an independent prognostic marker that may serve as a useful clinical biomarker for predicting tumor progression and the invasion/metastasis of breast cancer. These results provide further insight into the role of CA IX in tumor progression and put forward further strong evidence as well as new consideration for CA IX target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Doss M, Kolb HC, Walsh JC, Mocharla VP, Zhu Z, Haka M, Alpaugh RK, Chen DYT, Yu JQ. Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the carbonic anhydrase IX imaging agent [(18) F]VM4-037 determined from PET/CT scans in healthy volunteers. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:739-46. [PMID: 24696183 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(18) F]VM4-037 has been developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging marker to detect carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) overexpression and is being investigated for use as a surrogate marker for tissue hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to determine the biodistribution and estimate the radiation dose from [(18) F]VM4-037 using whole-body PET/CT scans in healthy human volunteers. PROCEDURES Successive whole-body PET/CT scans were performed after intravenous injection of [(18) F]VM4-037 in four healthy humans. The radiotracer uptakes in different organs were determined from the analysis of the PET scans. Human radiation doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS High uptake of [(18) F]VM4-037 was observed in the liver and kidneys, with little clearance of activity during the study period, with mean standardized uptake values of ~35 in liver and ~22 in kidneys at ~1 h after injection. The estimated effective dose was 28 ± 1 μSv/MBq and the absorbed doses for the kidneys and liver were 273 ± 31 and 240 ± 68 μGy/MBq, respectively, for the adult male phantom. Hence, the effective dose would be 10 ± 0.5 mSv for the anticipated injected activity of 370 MBq, and the kidney and liver doses would be 101 ± 11 and 89 ± 25 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS [(18) F]VM4-037 displayed very high uptake in the liver and kidneys with little clearance of activity during the study period, resulting in these organs receiving the highest radiation doses among all bodily organs. Though the effective dose and the organ doses are within the limits considered as safe, the enhanced uptake of [(18) F]VM4-037 in the kidneys and liver will make the compound unsuitable for imaging overexpression of CA-IX in those two organs. However, the tracer may be suitable for imaging overexpression of CA-IX in lesions in other regions of the body such as in the lungs or head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Doss
- Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111-2497, USA
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Ivanova L, Zandberga E, Siliņa K, Kalniņa Z, Ābols A, Endzeliņš E, Vendina I, Romanchikova N, Hegmane A, Trapencieris P, Eglītis J, Linē A. Prognostic relevance of carbonic anhydrase IX expression is distinct in various subtypes of breast cancer and its silencing suppresses self-renewal capacity of breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:235-46. [PMID: 25422154 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia-inducible enzyme with extracellular catalytic domain that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers including breast cancer and plays a crucial role in maintaining favourable intracellular pH and reducing extracellular pH. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of CAIX in the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer and to characterise CAIX as a drug target in breast cancer. METHODS The prognostic significance of CAIX mRNA expression was interrogated in a cohort of 3,455 breast tumours by using an online tool, Kaplan-Meier plotter. The functional effects of stable CAIX depletion by shRNA in three breast cancer cell lines—MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and SKBR-3, representing basal-like, luminal A and HER2+ subtypes, respectively—were studied by proliferation, invasion, clonal spheroid formation and chemosensitivity assays under normoxia and hypoxia. Finally, the effect of pharmacological CA inhibition alone or in the combination with doxorubicin on self-renewal was assessed by spheroid-forming assay. RESULTS High CAIX mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with basal-like, luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer, but not luminal A and HER+ subtypes. Silencing of CAIX expression had no significant effect on the cell proliferation or viability upon treatment with doxorubicin in any of the cell lines studied, while it inhibited spheroid formation in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of CAs using acetazolamide had a synergistic effect with doxorubicin on decreasing the spheroid-forming efficiency in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CAIX reduces the self-renewal capacity of breast cancer cells, and the combination of doxorubicin and CAIX inhibition is an attractive therapeutic strategy in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer, which warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lāsma Ivanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) as a mediator of hypoxia-induced stress response in cancer cells. Subcell Biochem 2014; 75:255-269. [PMID: 24146383 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7359-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypoxic microenvironments within many types of solid tumors imposes a significant stress on cancer cells to which they must respond appropriately in order to survive and grow. Tumor-specific, hypoxia-induced upregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a component of the complex response of cancer cells to the evolving low oxygen environment. Here, we discuss evidence from in vivo tumor models employing inhibition or enhancement of CAIX expression, using gene depletion or overexpression strategies, respectively, or inhibition of its catalytic activity, using CAIX-specific small molecules or antibodies, to demonstrate that CAIX is a functional mediator of tumor growth and metastasis. We also discuss the functional contribution of CAIX to several specific biological processes critical for cancer progression, including pH regulation and cell survival, adhesion, migration and invasion, the maintenance of cancer stem cell function, and the acquisition of chemo and radioresistant properties. The demonstration of CAIX as a functional mediator of cancer progression provides a biological rationale for its use as a cancer-specific, clinically relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
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Ilie M, Hofman V, Zangari J, Chiche J, Mouroux J, Mazure NM, Pouysségur J, Brest P, Hofman P. Response of CAIX and CAXII to in vitro re-oxygenation and clinical significance of the combined expression in NSCLC patients. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:16-23. [PMID: 23910904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The disorganized neo-vasculature in tumours causes fluctuations in the concentration of oxygen, which contributes to tumour development and metastatic potential. Although hypoxic regulation of the expression of the carbonic anhydrases CAIX and CAXII is well established, the effect of re-oxygenation on these proteins remains to be elucidated. A549 and H1975 human lung cancer cell lines were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h and then re-oxygenated. CAIX or CAXII expression and cell cycle progression at different time-points were monitored. A549-shCA9 cells were analyzed for cell cycle progression in the same conditions. We demonstrate for the first time an association between the stability of CAIX and restoration of the S/G2 phase of hypoxia-arrested cells subjected to re-oxygenation. In exchange, we have found that the loss of CA9 did not cause a decreased progression into S/G2 phase during re-oxygenation, but rather affected the hypoxic growth arrest. We previously demonstrated that CAIX expression is a poor prognostic factor and that CAXII expression is a good prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We further detail the relevance of the combined expression of these proteins for predicting outcome in a large population of NSCLC patients after long-term follow-up. The high CAIX/low CAXII expression sub-group was associated with a high cumulative incidence of relapse and with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients (P < 0.0001). Our results demonstrate a critical role for re-oxygenation on CAIX and CAXII levels that may select for an aggressive lung cancer phenotype. These findings suggest that CAIX and CAXII play dual roles in tumour progression and emphasize their significant prognostic and potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Nice, France; Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing in Nice IRCAN, INSERM U1081-CNRS UMR 7284, Team 3, Nice, France; University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
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Novel model for basaloid triple-negative breast cancer: behavior in vivo and response to therapy. Neoplasia 2013; 14:926-42. [PMID: 23097627 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basaloid triple-negative breast cancer (B-TNBC) is one of the most aggressive, therapy-resistant, and metastatic tumors. Current models do not recapitulate the basaloid phenotype of TNBC, thus limiting the understanding of its biology and designing new treatments. We identified HCC1806 as a line expressing typical B-TNBC markers, engineered a subline with traceable reporters, and determined growth, drug sensitivity, recurrence, and vascular and metastatic patterns of orthotopic xenografts in immunodeficient mice. METHODS mRNA and protein analyses showed that HCC1806 expresses basal but not luminal or mesenchymal markers. HCC1806-RR subline stably expressing red fluorescent protein and Renilla luciferase was generated and characterized for sensitivity to chemodrugs, orthotopic growth, vascular properties, recurrence, metastasis, and responsiveness in vivo. RESULTS The HCC1806 cells were highly sensitive to paclitaxel, but cytotoxicity was accompanied by pro-survival vascular endothelial growth factor-A loop. In vivo, HCC1806-RR tumors display linear growth, induce peritumoral lymphatics, and spontaneously metastasize to lymph nodes (LNs) and lungs. Similarly to human B-TNBC, HCC1806-RR tumors were initially sensitive to taxane therapy but subsequently recur. Bevacizumab significantly suppressed recurrence by 50% and reduced the incidence of LN and pulmonary metastases by, respectively, 50% and 87%. CONCLUSIONS The HCC1806-RR is a new model that expresses bona fide markers of B-TNBC and traceable markers for quantifying metastases. Combination of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel significantly improved the outcome, suggesting that this approach can apply to human patients with B-TNBC. This model can be used for defining the metastatic mechanisms of B-TNBC and testing new therapies.
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Aggarwal M, Kondeti B, McKenna R. Insights towards sulfonamide drug specificity in α-carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1526-33. [PMID: 22985956 PMCID: PMC3593968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a group of metalloenzymes that play important roles in carbon metabolism, pH regulation, CO2 fixation in plants, ion transport etc., and are found in all eukaryotic and many microbial organisms. This family of enzymes catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-). There are at least 16 different CA isoforms in the alpha structural class (α-CAs) that have been isolated in higher vertebrates, with CA isoform II (CA II) being ubiquitously abundant in all human cell types. CA inhibition has been exploited clinically for decades for various classes of diuretics and anti-glaucoma treatment. The characterization of the overexpression of CA isoform IX (CA IX) in certain tumors has raised interest in CA IX as a diagnostic marker and drug target for aggressive cancers and therefore the development of CA IX specific inhibitors. An important goal in the field of CA is to identify, rationalize, and design potential compounds that will preferentially inhibit CA IX over all other isoforms of CA. The variations in the active sites between isoforms of CA are subtle and this causes non-specific CA inhibition which leads to various side effects. In the case of CA IX inhibition, CA II along with other isoforms of CA provide off-target binding sites which is undesirable for cancer treatment. The focus of this article is on CA IX inhibition and two different structural approaches to CA isoform specific drug designing: tail approach and fragment addition approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
| | - Bhargav Kondeti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
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Stander BA, Joubert F, Tu C, Sippel KH, McKenna R, Joubert AM. Signaling pathways of ESE-16, an antimitotic and anticarbonic anhydrase estradiol analog, in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53853. [PMID: 23382857 PMCID: PMC3561402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the in vitro action of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) on non-tumorigenic MCF-12A, tumorigenic MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. ESE-16 is able to inhibit the activity of a carbonic anhydrase II and a mimic of carbonic anhydrase IX in the nanomolar range. Gene and protein expression studies using various techniques including gene and antibody microarrays and various flow cytometry assays yielded valuable information about the mechanism of action of ESE-16. The JNK pathway was identified as an important pathway mediating the effects of ESE-16 while the p38 stress-induced pathway is more important in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to ESE-16. Lysosomal rupture and iron metabolism was identified as important mediators of mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Abrogation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation status as a result of ESE-16 also plays a role in inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. The study provides a basis for future research projects to develop the newly synthesized compound into a clinically usable anticancer agent either alone or in combination with other agents. Keywords: Antimitotic, anticarbonic anhydrase IX, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, Bcl-2, JNK, p38, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, flow cytometry, gene expression and protein microarray, anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Stander BA, Joubert F, Tu C, Sippel KH, McKenna R, Joubert AM. In vitro evaluation of ESE-15-ol, an estradiol analogue with nanomolar antimitotic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52205. [PMID: 23300615 PMCID: PMC3531393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic compounds are still one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs in the clinic today. Given their effectiveness against cancer it is beneficial to continue enhancing these drugs. One way is to improve the bioavailability and efficacy by synthesizing derivatives that reversibly bind to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in red blood cells followed by a slow release into the blood circulation system. In the present study we describe the in vitro biological activity of a reduced derivative of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estradiol (2EE), 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol). ESE-15-ol is capable of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity in the nanomolar range and is selective towards a mimic of carbonic anhydrase IX when compared to the CAII isoform. Docking studies using Autodock Vina suggest that the dehydration of the D-ring plays a role towards the selectivity of ESE-15-ol to CAIX and that the binding mode of ESE-15-ol is substantially different when compared to 2EE. ESE-15-ol is able to reduce cell growth to 50% after 48 h at 50–75 nM in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-12A cells. The compound is the least potent against the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrate that the newly synthesized compound induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization, abrogates the phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 and affects gene expression of genes associated with cell death and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Imtaiyaz Hassan M, Shajee B, Waheed A, Ahmad F, Sly WS. Structure, function and applications of carbonic anhydrase isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:1570-82. [PMID: 22607884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases enzymes (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are zinc containing metalloproteins, which efficiently catalyse the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and release proton. These enzymes are essentially important for biological system and play several important physiological and patho-physiological functions. There are 16 different alpha-carbonic anhydrase isoforms studied, differing widely in their cellular localization and biophysical properties. The catalytic domains of all CAs possess a conserved tertiary structure fold, with predominately β-strands. We performed an extensive analysis of all 16 mammalian CAs for its structure and function in order to establish a structure-function relationship. CAs have been a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. Sulfonamides are considered as a strong and specific inhibitor of CA, and are being used as diuretics, anti-glaucoma, anti-epileptic, anti-ulcer agents. Currently CA inhibitors are widely used as a drug for the treatment of neurological disorders, anti-glaucoma drugs, anti-cancer, or anti-obesity agents. Here we tried to emphasize how CAs can be used for drug discovery, design and screening. Furthermore, we discussed the role of CA in carbon capture, carbon sensor and metabolon. We hope this review provide many useful information on structure, function, mechanism, and applications of CAs in various discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Tu C, Foster L, Alvarado A, McKenna R, Silverman DN, Frost SC. Role of zinc in catalytic activity of carbonic anhydrase IX. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 521:90-4. [PMID: 22465027 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in the α class are zinc-dependent metalloenzymes. Previous studies have reported that recombinant forms of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a membrane-bound form of CA expressed in solid tumors, appear to be activated by low levels of zinc independent of its well-studied role at the catalytic site. In this study, we sought to determine if CAIX is stimulated by zinc in its native environment. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells express CAIX in response to hypoxia. We compared CAIX activity associated with membrane ghosts isolated from hypoxic cells with that in intact hypoxic cells. We measured CA activity directly using (18)O exchange from (13)CO(2) into water determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. In membrane ghosts, there was little effect of zinc at low concentrations on CAIX activity, although at high concentration zinc was inhibitory. In intact cells, zinc had no significant effect on CAIX activity. This suggests that there is an appreciable decrease in sensitivity to zinc when CAIX is in its natural membrane milieu compared to the purified forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Tafreshi NK, Bui MM, Bishop K, Lloyd MC, Enkemann SA, Lopez AS, Abrahams D, Carter BW, Vagner J, Grobmyer SR, Gobmyer SR, Gillies RJ, Morse DL. Noninvasive detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis using carbonic anhydrases IX and XII targeted imaging probes. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:207-19. [PMID: 22016510 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop targeted molecular imaging probes for the noninvasive detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Six cell surface or secreted markers were identified by expression profiling and from the literature as being highly expressed in breast cancer lymph node metastases. Two of these markers were cell surface carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CAIX and/or CAXII) and were validated for protein expression by immunohistochemistry of patient tissue samples on a breast cancer tissue microarray containing 47 normal breast tissue samples, 42 ductal carcinoma in situ, 43 invasive ductal carcinomas without metastasis, 46 invasive ductal carcinomas with metastasis, and 49 lymph node macrometastases of breast carcinoma. Targeted probes were developed by conjugation of CAIX- and CAXII-specific monoclonal antibodies to a near-infrared fluorescent dye. RESULTS Together, these two markers were expressed in 100% of the lymph node metastases surveyed. Selectivity of the imaging probes were confirmed by intravenous injection into nude mice-bearing mammary fat pad tumors of marker-expressing cells and nonexpressing cells or by preinjection of unlabeled antibody. Imaging of lymph node metastases showed that peritumorally injected probes detected nodes harboring metastatic tumor cells. As few as 1,000 cells were detected, as determined by implanting, under ultrasound guidance, a range in number of CAIX- and CAXII-expressing cells into the axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSION These imaging probes have potential for noninvasive staging of breast cancer in the clinic and elimination of unneeded surgery, which is costly and associated with morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges K Tafreshi
- Department of Molecular & Functional Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Lou Y, McDonald PC, Oloumi A, Chia S, Ostlund C, Ahmadi A, Kyle A, Auf dem Keller U, Leung S, Huntsman D, Clarke B, Sutherland BW, Waterhouse D, Bally M, Roskelley C, Overall CM, Minchinton A, Pacchiano F, Carta F, Scozzafava A, Touisni N, Winum JY, Supuran CT, Dedhar S. Targeting tumor hypoxia: suppression of breast tumor growth and metastasis by novel carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3364-76. [PMID: 21415165 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia and HIF-1-inducible protein that regulates intra- and extracellular pH under hypoxic conditions and promotes tumor cell survival and invasion in hypoxic microenvironments. Interrogation of 3,630 human breast cancers provided definitive evidence of CAIX as an independent poor prognostic biomarker for distant metastases and survival. shRNA-mediated depletion of CAIX expression in 4T1 mouse metastatic breast cancer cells capable of inducing CAIX in hypoxia resulted in regression of orthotopic mammary tumors and inhibition of spontaneous lung metastasis formation. Stable depletion of CAIX in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts also resulted in attenuation of primary tumor growth. CAIX depletion in the 4T1 cells led to caspase-independent cell death and reversal of extracellular acidosis under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Treatment of mice harboring CAIX-positive 4T1 mammary tumors with novel CAIX-specific small molecule inhibitors that mimicked the effects of CAIX depletion in vitro resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis formation in both spontaneous and experimental models of metastasis, without inhibitory effects on CAIX-negative tumors. Similar inhibitory effects on primary tumor growth were observed in mice harboring orthotopic tumors comprised of lung metatstatic MDA-MB-231 LM2-4(Luc+) cells. Our findings show that CAIX is vital for growth and metastasis of hypoxic breast tumors and is a specific, targetable biomarker for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Lou
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada
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Li Y, Tu C, Wang H, Silverman DN, Frost SC. Catalysis and pH control by membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase IX in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15789-96. [PMID: 21454639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-bound, tumor-related enzyme whose expression is often considered a marker for hypoxia, an indicator of poor prognosis in the majority of cancer patients, and is associated with acidification of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we describe for the first time the catalytic properties of native CAIX in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that exhibit hypoxia-inducible CAIX expression. Using (18)O exchange measured by membrane inlet mass spectrometry, we determined catalytic activity in membrane ghosts and intact cells. Exofacial carbonic anhydrase activity increases with exposure to hypoxia, an activity which is suppressed by impermeant sulfonamide CA inhibitors. Inhibition by sulfonamide inhibitors is not sensitive to reoxygenation. CAIX activity in intact cells increases in response to reduced pH. Data from membrane ghosts show that the increase in activity at reduced pH is largely due to an increase in the dehydration reaction. In addition, the kinetic constants of CAIX in membrane ghosts are very similar to our previous measurements for purified, recombinant, truncated forms. Hence, the activity of CAIX is not affected by the proteoglycan extension or membrane environment. These activities were measured at a total concentration for all CO(2) species at 25 mm and close to chemical equilibrium, conditions which approximate the physiological extracellular environment. Our data suggest that CAIX is particularly well suited to maintain the extracellular pH at a value that favors the survival fitness of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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47
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Stander A, Joubert F, Joubert A. Docking, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of antimitotic estrone analogs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:173-81. [PMID: 21244635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Autodock 4.0 was employed to discover potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors that are able to interfere with microtubule dynamics by binding to the Colchicine binding site of tubulin. Modifications at position 2' of estrone were made to include moieties that are known to improve the antimitotic activity of estradiol analogs. 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-3-ol-17-one estronem (C9) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (C12) were synthesized and tested in vitro. Growth studies were conducted utilizing spectrophotometrical analysis with crystal violet as DNA stain. Compounds C9 and C12 were cytotoxic in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells, SNO non-keratinizing squamous epithelium cancer cells and HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. Compounds C9 inhibited cell proliferation to 50% of the vehicle-treated controls from 110 to 160 nm and C12 at concentrations ranging from 180 to 220 nm. Confocal microscopy revealed abnormal spindle morphology in mitotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the number of cells in the G(2) /M fraction after 24 h and an increase in the number of cell in the sub-G(1) fraction after 48 h, indicating that the compounds are antimitotic and able to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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48
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Parks SK, Chiche J, Pouyssegur J. pH control mechanisms of tumor survival and growth. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:299-308. [PMID: 20857482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A distinguishing phenotype of solid tumors is the presence of an alkaline cellular feature despite the surrounding acidic microenvironment. This phenotypic characteristic of tumors, originally described by Otto Warburg, arises due to alterations in metabolism of solid tumors. Hypoxic regions of solid tumors develop due to poor vascularization and in turn regulate the expression of numerous genes via the transcription factor HIF-1. Ultimately, the tumor microenvironment directs the development of tumor cells adapted to survive in an acidic surrounding where normal cells perish. The provision of unique pH characteristics in tumor cells provides a defining trait that has led to the pursuit of treatments that target metabolism, hypoxia, and pH-related mechanisms to selectively kill cancer cells. Numerous studies over the past decade involving the cancer-specific carbonic anhydrase IX have re-kindled an interest in pH disruption-based therapies. Although an acidification of the intracellular compartment is established as a means to induce normal cell death, the defining role of acid-base disturbances in tumor physiology and survival remains unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data relating to the specific role of pH regulation in tumor cell survival. We focus on membrane transport and enzyme studies in an attempt to elucidate their respective functions regarding tumor cell pH regulation. These data are discussed in the context of future directions for the field of tumor cell acid-base-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Parks
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR 6543, University of Nice, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France.
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49
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Li Y, Wang H, Tu C, Shiverick KT, Silverman DN, Frost SC. Role of hypoxia and EGF on expression, activity, localization and phosphorylation of carbonic anhydrase IX in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:159-67. [PMID: 20920536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2). CAIX is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including breast cancer, but is most frequently absent in corresponding normal tissues. CAIX expression is strongly induced by hypoxia and is significantly associated with tumor grade and poor survival. Herein, we show that hypoxia induces a significant increase in CAIX protein in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Using a unique mass spectrophotometric assay, we demonstrate that CAIX activity in plasma membranes isolated from MDA-MB-231 is correlated with CAIX content. We also show that CAIX exists predominantly as a dimeric, high-mannose N-linked glycoprotein. While there is some evidence that the dimeric form resides specifically in lipid rafts, our data do not support this hypothesis. EGF, alone, did not affect the distribution of CAIX into lipid rafts. However, acute EGF treatment in the context of hypoxia increased the amount of CAIX in lipid rafts by about 5-fold. EGF did not stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of CAIX, although EGFR and down-stream signaling pathways were activated by EGF. Interestingly, hypoxia activated Akt independent of EGF action. Together, these data demonstrate that the active form of CAIX in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line is dimeric but that neither lipid raft localization nor phosphorylation are likely required for its dimerization or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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50
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Hsieh MJ, Chen KS, Chiou HL, Hsieh YS. Carbonic anhydrase XII promotes invasion and migration ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:598-606. [PMID: 20434230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) XII, an extracellular enzyme involved in the regulation of the microenvironment acidity and tumor malignant phenotype, was originally identified as a protein overexpressed in some types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, the cellular function and mechanism of CAXII remained unclear. In this study, the effects of CAXII expression on invasion and migration of breast cancer cells was investigated. Gene knockdown of CAXII in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in decreased invasion and migration by interfering with the p38 MAPK pathway. CAXII knockdown also decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression. Furthermore, decreased invasive and migration ability of CAXII-knockdown cells were restored by an overexpression of CAXII. Results also showed that CAXII knockdown may decrease anchorage-independent growth and cell growth by inhibiting CDK6 and cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, the impact of CAXII knockdown on invasion, migration and cell growth was further evidenced by effects on tumor size and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Taken together, these data suggested that CAXII may affect the capability of invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, which may be mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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