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Ding W, Chen M, Du H, Guo X, Yuan H, Li M, Xu Y. Tetracalcium phosphate/porous iron synergistically improved the mechanical, degradation and biological properties of polylactic acid scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132530. [PMID: 38777005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Synergistically improving the mechanical and degradable properties of polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds and endowing them with bioactivity are urgent problems to be solved in deepening their application in tissue engineering. In this work, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and porous iron (pFe) were compounded by stirring and vacuum negative pressure, and then they were blended with polylactic acid and a porous scaffold (named TTCP@pFe/PLA) was prepared by selective laser sintering. On the one hand, molten polylactic acid penetrates the pores of porous iron to form an interlocking network, thereby achieving mechanical strengthening. On the other hand, the alkaline environment generated by the dissolution of tetracalcium phosphate can effectively catalyze the hydrolysis of polylactic acid to accelerate the degradation. Meanwhile, the dissolution of tetracalcium phosphate forms a local calcium-rich microenvironment, which rapidly induces apatite formation, that is, confers bioactivity on scaffolds. As a result, the TTCP@pFe/PLA scaffold exhibited a notable enhancement in mechanical strength, being 2.2 times stronger compared to the polylactic acid scaffold. More importantly, MC3T3E1 cells exhibit good adhesion, stretching, and proliferation on the composite scaffold, demonstrating good cytocompatibility. All these good properties of the TTCP@pFe/PLA scaffold indicate that it has potential applications as a novel alternative in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Meigui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Haocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
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Juel Mortensen L, Kooij I, Lorenzen M, Rye Jørgensen N, Røder A, Jørgensen A, Andersson AM, Juul A, Blomberg Jensen M. Injection of luteinizing hormone or human chorionic gonadotropin increases calcium excretion and serum PTH in males. Cell Calcium 2024; 122:102908. [PMID: 38852333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have suggested that sex steroids have calciotropic actions, and it has been proposed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may exert direct effects on bone. Here, we demonstrate the expression of the receptor for Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human choriogonadotropin (hCG), LHCGR, in human kidney tissue, suggesting a potential influence on calcium homeostasis. To investigate the role of LHCGR agonist on calcium homeostasis in vivo, we conducted studies in male mice and human subjects. Male mice were treated with luteinizing hormone (LH), and human extrapolation was achieved by injecting 5000 IU hCG once to healthy men or men with hypergonadotropic or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In mice, LH treatment significantly increased urinary calcium excretion and induced a secondary increase in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). Similarly, hCG treatment in healthy men led to a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion, serum PTH levels, and 1,25 (OH)2D3, while calcitonin, and albumin levels were reduced, possibly to avoid development of persistent hypocalcemia. Still, the rapid initial decline in ionized calcium coincided with a significant prolongation of the cardiac QTc-interval that normalized over time. The observed effects may be attributed to LH/hCG-receptor (LHCGR) activation, considering the presence of LHCGR expression in human kidney tissue, and the increase in sex steroids occurred several hours after the changes in calcium homeostasis. Our translational study shed light on the intricate relationship between gonadotropins, sex hormones and calcium, suggesting that LHCGR may be influencing calcium homeostasis directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Juel Mortensen
- Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ireen Kooij
- Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mette Lorenzen
- Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Translational Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Andreas Røder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Urology, Urological Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Group of skeletal, mineral and gonadal endocrinology, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Salmória LA, Ibelli AMG, Tavernari FC, Peixoto JO, Morés MAZ, Marcelino DEP, Pinto KDS, Coldebella A, Surek D, Kawski VL, Ledur MC. CYP24A1 and TRPC3 Gene Expression in Kidneys and Their Involvement in Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1407. [PMID: 38791624 PMCID: PMC11117318 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca and P homeostasis across the egg-laying cycle is a complex process involving absorption in the small intestine, reabsorption/excretion in the kidneys, and eggshell gland secretion. Diets with inadequate calcium and phosphorus can interfere with their absorption and digestibility, resulting in eggshell quality losses and reduced productive life, affecting egg production and welfare. A better understanding of gene expression profiles in the kidneys of laying hens during the late egg-laying period could clarify the renal role in mineral metabolism at this late stage. Therefore, the performance, egg quality and bone integrity-related traits, and expression profiles of kidney candidate genes were evaluated in 73-week-old laying hens receiving different Ca and P ratios in their diet: a high Ca/P ratio (HR, 22.43), a low ratio (LR, 6.71), and a medium ratio (MR, 11.43). The laying hens receiving the HR diet had improved egg production and eggshell quality traits compared to the other two groups. Humerus length was shorter in the HR than in the other groups. The CYP24A1 and TRPC3 genes were differentially expressed (p.adj ≤ 0.05) among the groups. Therefore, their expression profiles could be involved in calcium and phosphate transcellular transport in 73-week-old laying hens as a way to keep mineral absorption at adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Alves Salmória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Fernando Castro Tavernari
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Jane Oliveira Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Diego Surek
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Vicky Lilge Kawski
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
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Baidya S, Tuladhar ET, Sharma VK, Dubey RK, Raut M, Bhattarai A, Parajuli N, Niraula A. Association of Low Vitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH) in Nepalese Population: When Does iPTH Exactly Rise? J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvad143. [PMID: 38414997 PMCID: PMC10898999 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern that provokes bone demineralization and weakening. In response to the decreased vitamin D level, calcium stores wear out. The homeostatic effect of compensatory hyperparathyroidism in vitamin D deficiency incites variable discrepancies in different populations. This study intends to decipher the transition point of PTH in relation to levels of vitamin D in a Nepalese population. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Serum calcium, phosphorus, intact PTH, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were assayed in an Abbott ARCHITECT Integrated System. A correlation plot of PTH and vitamin D was analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Using a locally weighted scatter plot smoothing method, the relation between these variables was presented graphically. Among 281 individuals, 30.2% had vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. There was an archetypical transition in the PTH levels in concert with the decrease in vitamin D level marked by 2 inflection points (ie, 18.5 and 42.0 ng/mL). Our findings suggest that to augment overall health and avert weakness due to vitamin D deficiency, the levels of vitamin D should be maintained above 42.0 ng/mL in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Baidya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Eans Tara Tuladhar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Raju Kumar Dubey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Mithileshwer Raut
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Aseem Bhattarai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Naresh Parajuli
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Apeksha Niraula
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
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Li Y, Lou Y, Liu M, Chen S, Tan P, Li X, Sun H, Kong W, Zhang S, Shao X. Machine learning based biomarker discovery for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38317140 PMCID: PMC10840173 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is characterized by bone abnormalities, vascular calcification, and some other complications. Although there are diagnostic criteria for CKD-MBD, in situations when conducting target feature examining are unavailable, there is a need to investigate and discover alternative biochemical criteria that are easy to obtain. Moreover, studying the correlations between the newly discovered biomarkers and the existing ones may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of CKD-MBD. METHODS We collected a cohort of 116 individuals, consisting of three subtypes of CKD-MBD: calcium abnormality, phosphorus abnormality, and PTH abnormality. To identify the best biomarker panel for discrimination, we conducted six machine learning prediction methods and employed a sequential forward feature selection approach for each subtype. Additionally, we collected a separate prospective cohort of 114 samples to validate the discriminative power of the trained prediction models. RESULTS Using machine learning under cross validation setting, the feature selection method selected a concise biomarker panel for each CKD-MBD subtype as well as for the general one. Using the consensus of these features, best area under ROC curve reached up to 0.95 for the training dataset and 0.74 for the perspective dataset, respectively. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION For the first time, we utilized machine learning methods to analyze biochemical criteria associated with CKD-MBD. Our aim was to identify alternative biomarkers that could serve not only as early detection indicators for CKD-MBD, but also as potential candidates for studying the underlying molecular mechanisms of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Geriatrics Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukuan Lou
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Liu
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Huaixin Sun
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Weixin Kong
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Hemodialysis Department, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wan Shen St. 118, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215028, China.
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Hao X, Shao Z, Zhang N, Jiang M, Cao X, Li S, Guan Y, Wang C. Integrative genome-wide analyses identify novel loci associated with kidney stones and provide insights into its genetic architecture. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7498. [PMID: 37980427 PMCID: PMC10657403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disorder with high heritability and prevalence. We performed a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for KSD to date, including 720,199 individuals with 17,969 cases in European population. We identified 44 susceptibility loci, including 28 novel loci. Cell type-specific analysis pinpointed the proximal tubule as the most relevant cells where susceptibility variants might act through a tissue-specific fashion. By integrating kidney-specific omics data, we prioritized 223 genes which strengthened the importance of ion homeostasis, including calcium and magnesium in stone formation, and suggested potential target drugs for the treatment. The genitourinary and digestive diseases showed stronger genetic correlations with KSD. In this study, we generate an atlas of candidate genes, tissue and cell types involved in the formation of KSD. In addition, we provide potential drug targets for KSD treatment and insights into shared regulation with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Zhonghe Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yunlong Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Poorhemati H, Ghaly M, Sadvakassova G, Komarova SV. FGF23 level in poultry chicken, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1279204. [PMID: 37908340 PMCID: PMC10614003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In vertebrates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate regulating hormone closely linked to calcium regulation by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Although phosphorus, calcium and vitamin D are important for poultry well-being, relatively little is known about their levels of FGF23. Our objective was to quantitatively estimate the blood FGF23 level in birds, and to examine its relationship to diet and blood levels of other components of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. Methods: A systematic search of Agricola, Embase and Medline identified 86 studies focused on FGF23 in birds, from which 12 manuscripts reporting data for 60 independent groups of chickens were included in the analysis. Results: FGF23 levels were 256 pg/ml (Confidence interval (CI): 215, 297) in broilers (39 datasets containing 435 birds), and 256 pg/ml (CI: 178, 339) in egg-laying hens (21 datasets containing 208 birds). FGF23 levels did not correlate with dietary phosphorus, calcium or vitamin D, or with plasma calcium or PTH. FGF23 levels demonstrated a trend to positively correlate with plasma phosphate and a strongly and positive correlation with plasma vitamin D. Discussion: This study provides normative estimates of FGF23 levels in poultry birds and new insights into the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Poorhemati
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melody Ghaly
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gulzhakhan Sadvakassova
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Svetlana V. Komarova
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Stadt MM, Layton AT. Mathematical modeling of calcium homeostasis in female rats: An analysis of sex differences and maternal adaptations. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111583. [PMID: 37516344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium plays a vital role in various biological processes, including muscle contractions, blood clotting, skeletal mineralization, and cell signaling. While extracellular calcium makes up less than 1% of total body calcium, it is tightly regulated since too high or too low extracellular calcium concentration can have dangerous effects on the body. Mathematical modeling is a well-suited approach to investigate the complex physiological processes involved in calcium regulation. While mathematical models have been developed to study calcium homeostasis in male rats, none have been used to investigate known sex differences in hormone levels nor the unique physiological states of pregnancy and lactation. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, plays a key role in intestinal calcium absorption, renal calcium reabsorption, and bone remodeling. It has been shown that, when compared to age-matched male rats, females have significantly lower calcitriol levels. In this study we first seek to investigate the impact of this difference as well as other known sex differences on calcium homeostasis using mathematical modeling. Female bodies differ from male bodies in that during their lifetime they may undergo massive adaptations during pregnancy and lactation. Indeed, maternal adaptations impact calcium regulation in all mammals. In pregnant rodents, intestinal absorption of calcium is massively increased in the mother's body to meet the needs of the developing fetus. In a lactating rodent, much of the calcium needs of milk are met by bone resorption, intestinal absorption, and renal calcium reabsorption. Given these observations, the goal of this project is to develop multi-scale whole-body models of calcium homeostasis that represents (1) how sex differences impact calcium homeostasis in female vs. male rats and (2) how a female body adapts to support the excess demands brought on by pregnancy and lactation. We used these models to quantify the impact of individual sex differences as well as maternal adaptations during pregnancy and lactation. Additionally, we conducted "what if" simulations to test whether sex differences in calcium regulation may enable females to better undergo maternal adaptations required in pregnancy and lactation than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Stadt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Cheriton School of Computer Science, Department of Biology, School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Wang HN, Qian WJ, Zhao GL, Li F, Miao YY, Lei B, Sun XH, Wang ZF. L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels dichotomously contribute to retinal ganglion cell injury in experimental glaucoma. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1570-1577. [PMID: 36571364 PMCID: PMC10075096 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death is the main pathological characteristic of glaucoma, which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis plays an important role in glaucoma. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blockers have been shown to improve vision in patients with glaucoma. However, whether and how voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death are largely unknown. In this study, we found that total Ca2+ current densities in retinal ganglion cells were reduced in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension experimental glaucoma, as determined by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings. Further analysis showed that L-type Ca2+ currents were downregulated while T-type Ca2+ currents were upregulated at the later stage of glaucoma. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that expression of the CaV1.2 subunit of L-type Ca2+ channels was reduced and expression of the CaV3.3 subunit of T-type Ca2+ channels was increased in retinas of the chronic ocular hypertension model. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-α, an important inflammatory factor, inhibited the L-type Ca2+ current of isolated retinal ganglion cells from control rats and enhanced the T-type Ca2+ current. These changes were blocked by the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor XPro1595, indicating that both types of Ca2+ currents may be mediated by soluble tumor necrosis factor-α. The intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway mediate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α. TUNEL assays revealed that mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the number of apoptotic retinal ganglion cells in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. These results suggest that T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, and application of T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, especially a specific CaV3.3 blocker, may be a potential strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Haussler MR, Haussler CA, Jurutka PW. Genomically anchored vitamin D receptor mediates an abundance of bioprotective actions elicited by its 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D hormonal ligand. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:313-383. [PMID: 37717990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of its physiologic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) ligand produced in kidney and at extrarenal sites during times of physiologic and cellular stress. The ligand-receptor complex transcriptionally controls genes encoding factors that regulate calcium and phosphate sensing/transport, bone remodeling, immune function, and nervous system maintenance. With the aid of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 1,25D/VDR primarily participates in an intricate network of feedback controls that govern extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations, mainly influencing bone formation and mineralization, ectopic calcification, and indirectly supporting many fundamental roles of calcium. Beyond endocrine and intracrine effects, 1,25D/VDR signaling impacts multiple biochemical phenomena that potentially affect human health and disease, including autophagy, carcinogenesis, cell growth/differentiation, detoxification, metabolic homeostasis, and oxidative stress mitigation. Several health advantages conferred by 1,25D/VDR appear to be promulgated by induction of klotho, an anti-aging renal peptide hormone which functions as a co-receptor for FGF23 and, like 1,25D, regulates nrf2, foxo, mTOR and other cellular protective pathways. Among hundreds of genes for which expression is modulated by 1,25D/VDR either primarily or secondarily in a cell-specific manner, the resulting gene products (in addition to those expressed in the classic skeletal mineral regulatory tissues kidney, intestine, and bone), fall into multiple biochemical categories including apoptosis, cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, hypoxia, inflammation, p53 signaling, unfolded protein response and xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, 1,25D/VDR is a bone mineral control instrument that also signals the maintenance of multiple cellular processes in the face of environmental and genetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, United States
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11
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Salim HMU, Dandare A, Khalil F, Liaquat A, Khan MJ, Naeem A. Computational Analysis Reveals Distinctive Interaction of miRNAs with Target Genes in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040898. [PMID: 37107656 PMCID: PMC10137451 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of genes is crucial for maintaining a healthy intracellular environment, and any dysregulation of gene expression leads to several pathological complications. It is known that many diseases, including kidney diseases, are regulated by miRNAs. However, the data on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not conclusive. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential of miRNAs as an efficient biomarker for the detection and treatment of CKD at its early stages. Gene expression profiling data were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. miRNAs directly associated with CKD were obtained from an extensive literature search. Network illustration of miRNAs and their projected target differentially expressed genes (tDEGs) was accomplished, followed by functional enrichment analysis. hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-577 exhibited a strong association with CKD through the regulation of genes involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation, the regulation of transcription and apoptotic process. All these miRNAs have shown significant contributions to the inflammatory response and the processes which eventually lead to the pathogenesis of CKD. The in silico approach used in this research represents a comprehensive analysis of identified miRNAs and their target genes for the identification of molecular markers of disease processes. The outcomes of the study recommend further efforts for developing miRNA biomarkers set for the early diagnosis of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullahi Dandare
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
| | - Fareeha Khalil
- Shifa International Hospital, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Afrose Liaquat
- Department of Biochemistry, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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12
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Lee SA, Torres-Mendoza LJ, Stein HH. Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) and 1-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-OH-D3) on serum bone biomarkers and calcium and phosphorus balance and concentrations of energy in diets without or with microbial phytase fed to sows in late gestation. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac299. [PMID: 36074541 PMCID: PMC9584150 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to test the hypothesis that supplementation of diets for gestating sows with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol (1-OH-D3) affects serum biomarkers for bone and increases Ca and P balance and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), and the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in diets without or with microbial phytase. Sixty multiparous sows were allotted to 1 of 6 diets. Diets were formulated using a 3 × 2 factorial with 3 inclusions of supplemental vitamin D metabolite (no metabolite, 25-OH-D3, or 1-OH-D3) and 2 inclusion levels of microbial phytase (0 or 1,000 units). Sows were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected quantitatively. Results indicated that there was no difference in the ATTD of dry matter (DM) and GE and concentration of DE among the 3 diets containing microbial phytase, but the ATTD of DM and GE and concentration of DE was greater (P < 0.05) in diets containing 1-OH-D3 compared with the diet without a vitamin D metabolite if phytase was not used (interaction; P < 0.05). In diets without microbial phytase, ME was greater in diets containing either one of the 2 vitamin D metabolites than in the diet without a vitamin D metabolite, but among diets with microbial phytase, the ME of the 1-OH-D3 diet was less than of the 25-OH-D3 diet (interaction; P < 0.05). No effect of microbial phytase on concentrations of DE and ME was observed. There was no interaction between supplementation of microbial phytase and vitamin D metabolites for Ca and P balances, and regardless of metabolite supplementation, use of microbial phytase increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD and retention of Ca and P. Regardless of dietary phytase, the ATTD and retention of Ca and P increased (P < 0.05) for sows fed a diet containing one of the vitamin D metabolites compared with sows fed the diet without a vitamin D metabolite. Serum biomarkers for bone resorption or bone tissue synthesis were not affected by experimental diets. In conclusion, the ATTD of DM and GE, concentrations of DE and ME, and Ca and P balance in phytase-free diets fed to sows in late gestation were increased by supplementation with 1-OH-D3 or 25-OH-D3, but no differences between the 2 vitamin D metabolites were observed. Supplementation of diets with microbial phytase increased Ca and P balance, but did not affect DE and ME of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su A Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Houdegbe AC, Achigan-Dako EG, Sogbohossou EOD, Schranz ME, Odindo AO, Sibiya J. Leaf elemental composition analysis in spider plant [ Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)] differentiates three nutritional groups. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841226. [PMID: 36119621 PMCID: PMC9478508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic variability within a plant species is paramount in implementing a successful breeding program. Spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra) is an orphan leafy vegetable and an extraordinary source of vitamins, secondary metabolites and minerals, representing an important resource for combatting malnutrition. However, an evaluation of the leaf elemental composition, using a worldwide germplasm collection to inform breeding programs and the species valorization in human nutrition is still lacking. The present study aimed to profile the leaf elemental composition of G. gynandra and depict any potential geographical signature using a collection of 70 advanced lines derived from accessions originating from Asia and Eastern, Southern and West Africa. The collection was grown in a greenhouse using a 9 × 8 alpha lattice design with two replications in 2020 and 2021. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to profile nine minerals contents. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed among the lines for all nine minerals. Microelements such as iron, zinc, copper and manganese contents ranged from 12.59-430.72, 16.98-166.58, 19.04-955.71, 5.39-25.10 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, while the concentrations of macroelements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium varied in the ranges of 9992.27-49854.23, 8252.80-33681.21, 3633.55-14216.16, 2068.03-12475.60 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between iron and zinc and calcium and magnesium. Zinc, calcium, phosphorus, copper, magnesium, and manganese represented landmark elements in the genotypes. Eastern and Southern African genotypes were clustered together in group 1 with higher phosphorus, copper and zinc contents than Asian and West African lines, which clustered in group 2 and were characterized by higher calcium, magnesium and manganese contents. An additional outstanding group 3 of six genotypes was identified with high iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese and calcium contents and potential candidates for cultivar release. The genotype × year interaction variance was greater than the genotypic variance, which might translate to phenotypic plasticity in the species. Broad-sense heritability ranged from low to high and was element-specific. The present results reveal the leaf minerals diversity in spider plant and represent a baseline for implementing a minerals-based breeding program for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Carlos Houdegbe
- Discipline of Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Enoch G. Achigan-Dako
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - E. O. Dêêdi Sogbohossou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfred O. Odindo
- Discipline of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Julia Sibiya
- Discipline of Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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14
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Parathyroid Cell Differentiation from Progenitor Cells and Stem Cells: Development, Molecular Mechanism, Function, and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1387:13-24. [PMID: 34981451 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid glands are endocrine organs which are located posterior to thyroid glands and control secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in order to regulate blood calcium level. PTH maintains calcium homeostasis by acting on the bone, kidney, and small intestine. PTH deficiency leads to chronic hypocalcemia, organ calcinosis, kidney and heart failure, painful muscle spasms, neuromuscular problems, and memory problems. Since parathyroid cells have inadequate proliferation potential in culture conditions, their utilization as a cellular therapy option is very limited. Although studies conducted so far include parathyroid cell differentiation from various cell types, problems related to successful cellular differentiation and transplantation still remain. Recently, parathyroid tissue engineering has attracted attention as a potential treatment for the parathyroid-related diseases caused by hypoparathyroidism. Although major progression is made in the construction of tissue engineering protocols using parathyroid cells and biomaterials, PTH secretion to mimic its spontaneous harmony in the body is a challenge. This chapter comprehensively defines the derivation of parathyroid cells from various cell sources including pluripotent stem cells, molecular mechanisms, and tissue engineering applications.
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15
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Stenhouse C, Halloran KM, Tanner AR, Suva LJ, Rozance PJ, Anthony RV, Bazer FW. Uptake of Phosphate, Calcium, and Vitamin D by the Pregnant Uterus of Sheep in Late Gestation: Regulation by Chorionic Somatomammotropin Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7795. [PMID: 35887141 PMCID: PMC9320403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals are required for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of fetal growth in mammals. Lentiviral-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) of chorionic somatomammotropin hormone (CSH) results in both an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a non-IUGR phenotype in sheep. This study determined the effects of CSH RNAi on the concentration and uptake of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D, and the expression of candidate mRNAs known to mediate mineral signaling in caruncles (maternal component of placentome) and cotyledons (fetal component of placentome) on gestational day 132. CSH RNAi Non-IUGR pregnancies had a lower umbilical vein−umbilical artery calcium gradient (p < 0.05) and less cotyledonary calcium (p < 0.05) and phosphate (p < 0.05) compared to Control RNAi pregnancies. CSH RNAi IUGR pregnancies had less umbilical calcium uptake (p < 0.05), lower uterine arterial and venous concentrations of 25(OH)D (p < 0.05), and trends for lower umbilical 25(OH)D uptake (p = 0.059) compared to Control RNAi pregnancies. Furthermore, CSH RNAi IUGR pregnancies had decreased umbilical uptake of calcium (p < 0.05), less uterine venous 25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite; p = 0.055), lower caruncular expression of SLC20A2 (sodium-dependent phosphate transporter; p < 0.05) mRNA, and lower cotyledonary expression of KL (klotho; p < 0.01), FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; p < 0.05), FGFR2 (p < 0.05), and TRPV6 (transient receptor potential vanilloid member 6; p < 0.05) mRNAs compared to CSH RNAi Non-IUGR pregnancies. This study has provided novel insights into the regulatory role of CSH for calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D utilization in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Katherine M. Halloran
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Amelia R. Tanner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.R.T.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Larry J. Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Paul J. Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.R.T.); (R.V.A.)
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.S.); (K.M.H.)
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16
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Young K, Beggs MR, Grimbly C, Alexander RT. Regulation of 1 and 24 hydroxylation of vitamin D metabolites in the proximal tubule. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1103-1111. [PMID: 35482362 PMCID: PMC9335508 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium and phosphate are critical for numerous physiological processes. Consequently, the plasma concentration of these ions are tightly regulated. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is a positive modulator of mineralization as well as calcium and phosphate metabolism. The molecular and physiological effects of calcitriol are well documented. Calcitriol increases blood calcium and phosphate levels by increasing absorption from the intestine, and resorption of bone. Calcitriol synthesis is a multistep process. A precursor is first made via skin exposure to UV, it is then 25-hydroxylated in the liver to form 25-hydroxyitamin D. The next hydroxylation step occurs in the renal proximal tubule via the 1-αhydroxylase enzyme (encoded by CYP27B1) thereby generating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, that is, calcitriol. At the same site, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxlase enzyme encoded by CYP24A1 can hydroxylate 25-hydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol to deactivate the hormone. Plasma calcitriol levels are primarily determined by the regulated expression of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. This occurs in response to parathyroid hormone (increases CYP27B1), calcitriol itself (decreases CYP27B1 and increases CYP24A1), calcitonin (increases or decreases CYP24A1 and increases CYP27B1), FGF23 (decreases CYP27B1 and increases CYP24A1) and potentially plasma calcium and phosphate levels themselves (mixed effects). Herein, we review the regulation of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 transcription in response to the action of classic phophocalciotropic hormones and explore the possibility of direct regulation by plasma calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedi Young
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Megan R Beggs
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Chelsey Grimbly
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada,R Todd Alexander.
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New concepts in regulation and function of the FGF23. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x. [PMID: 35708778 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which has been widely studied over the last several decades, phosphate homeostasis is little understood. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/vitamin D axis has traditionally been used as a conceptual framework for understanding mineral metabolism. Recently, the fundamental regulator of phosphate homeostasis, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is produced by osteocytes and is involved in the hormonal bone-parathyroid-kidney axis, has attracted more attention. The secretion of FGF23 is controlled by diet, serum phosphate levels, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. FGF-23, the FGF receptors and the obligate co-receptor α-Klotho work in concert to affect FGF-23 actions on targeted organs. Despite all efforts to investigate pleotropic effects of FGF23 in various endocrine organs, many aspects of the regulation and functions of FGF23 and the exact crosstalk among FGF23, serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, and vitamin D in the regulation of mineral homeostasis remain unclear; much efforts need to be established before it can be moved toward therapeutic applications. In this regard, we provide a brief overview of the novel findings in the regulation and function of FGF23 and refer to related questions and hypotheses not answered yet, which can be a window for future projects. We also focus on the current knowledge about the role of FGF23 obtained from our researches in recent years.
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18
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Guimarães LM, Valeriano AT, Rebelo Pontes HA, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. Manifestations of hyperparathyroidism in the jaws: Concepts, mechanisms, and clinical aspects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:547-555. [PMID: 35181256 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. In countries where routine biochemical screening is not common, symptomatic hyperparathyroidism predominates. Its manifestations include skeletal alterations, calcification of soft tissues, kidney stones, and functional alterations in other systems. Notably, jaw alterations can be the first clinical sign of hyperparathyroidism, including brown tumor, renal osteodystrophy, osteitis fibrosa, and leontiasis ossea, and knowing such conditions is of core importance for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism. We aimed to perform a concise review, systematizing the concepts and mechanisms underlying hyperparathyroidism and associated gnathic alterations. In addition, a detailed description of the clinical aspects of the jaw manifestations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alline Teixeira Valeriano
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Vitamin D and Its Target Genes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071354. [PMID: 35405966 PMCID: PMC9003440 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the natural, high-affinity ligand of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). In many tissues and cell types, VDR binds in a ligand-dependent fashion to thousands of genomic loci and modulates, via local chromatin changes, the expression of hundreds of primary target genes. Thus, the epigenome and transcriptome of VDR-expressing cells is directly affected by vitamin D. Vitamin D target genes encode for proteins with a large variety of physiological functions, ranging from the control of calcium homeostasis, innate and adaptive immunity, to cellular differentiation. This review will discuss VDR’s binding to genomic DNA, as well as its genome-wide locations and interaction with partner proteins, in the context of chromatin. This information will be integrated into a model of vitamin D signaling, explaining the regulation of vitamin D target genes.
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20
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Nasr Azadani M, Zahedi A, Bowoto OK, Oladapo BI. A review of current challenges and prospects of magnesium and its alloy for bone implant applications. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:1-26. [PMID: 35239157 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical application materials must meet multiple requirements, and the designed implant must mimic the bone structure in shape and support the formation of bone tissue (osteogenesis). Magnesium (Mg) alloys, as a "smart" biodegradable material and as "the green engineering material in the twenty-first century", have become an outstanding bone implant material due to their natural degradability, smart biocompatibility, and desirable mechanical properties. Magnesium is recognised as the next generation of orthopaedic appliances and bioresorbable scaffolds. At the same time, improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is an urgent challenge to promote the application of magnesium alloys. Nevertheless, the excessively quick deterioration rate generally results in premature mechanical integrity disintegration and local hydrogen build-up, resulting in restricted clinical bone restoration applicability. The condition of Mg bone implants is thoroughly examined in this study. The relevant approaches to boost the corrosion resistance, including purification, alloying treatment, surface coating, and Mg-based metal matrix composite, are comprehensively revealed. These characteristics are reviewed to assess the progress of contemporary Mg-based biocomposites and alloys for biomedical applications. The fabricating techniques for Mg bone implants also are thoroughly investigated. Notably, laser-based additive manufacturing fabricates customised forms and complicated porous structures based on its distinctive additive manufacturing conception. Because of its high laser energy density and strong controllability, it is capable of fast heating and cooling, allowing it to modify the microstructure and performance. This review paper aims to provide more insight on the present challenges and continued research on Mg bone implants, highlighting some of the most important characteristics, challenges, and strategies for improving Mg bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Nasr Azadani
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Abolfazl Zahedi
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Oluwole Kingsley Bowoto
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Bankole Ibrahim Oladapo
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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21
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Habibi M, Shili CN, Sutton J, Goodarzi P, Pezeshki A. Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in protein-restricted pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35139926 PMCID: PMC8830008 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-protein (VLP) diets negatively impact calcium (Ca) metabolism and absorption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and limiting amino acids (LAA) on Ca digestibility, absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and NC containing LAA 25%, LAA 50%, LAA + BCAA 25% (LB25) and LAA + BCAA 50% (LB50) more than recommendations. Results Relative to PC or NC, LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus (P), but lower plasma vitamin D3. LB50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut, but decreased mRNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), calbindin 1 (CALB1), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small intestine. LB50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1R but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in kidney. Conclusion Overall, BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick N Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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22
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Chen H, Chen W, Yuan F, Guo Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Li X. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Immunogenicity of CMAB807, a New Denosumab Biosimilar, in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821944. [PMID: 35140619 PMCID: PMC8819684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety and immunogenicity studies were conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence of CMAB807, a biosimilar to denosumab (Prolia®), which is the only approved RANKL inhibitor for the treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, single-dose phase I study, 132 healthy Chinese male subjects received a subcutaneous injection of 60 mg of CMAB807 or denosumab at a 1:1 ratio. The PK, PD, safety and immunogenicity results were assessed prior to and up to 126 days after administration. Results: The PK profiles of CMAB807 and denosumab were similar. The geometric mean ratios of the maximum concentration (Cmax), AUC0-t and AUCo-∞ were 102.41, 104.15 and 103.89%, respectively, and the 90% confidence interval was observed to be within 80.00–125.00%, which indicated the bioequivalence of CMAB807 and denosumab. The PD profiles of the two groups were also comparable. The production of the C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX1) was inhibited by up to 85% for 10 days, and this inhibition was sustained for up to 126 days in both the CMAB807 and denosumab groups. No subjects in the CMAB807 group, three subjects in the denosumab group before administration, and two subjects in the denosumab group after administration were positive for anti-drug antibody (ADA). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 98.5% of subjects in both groups. The most common AE recorded was increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, with incidences of 92.4 and 95.5% in the CMAB807 and denosumab groups, respectively. No clinically meaningful differences were observed in safety and immunogenicity between CMAB807 and denosumab. Conclusion: CMAB807 represents a new potential treatment option for patients with osteoporosis. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov (Registration No. NCT03925051), http://www.chinadrugtrial/org.cn/index.html (Registration No. CTR20190800).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcheng Guo
- Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Xunmin Zhang
- Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuening Li,
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23
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Sowell J, Srikakolapu S, Preda-Naumescu A, Patel O, Thomley M, Jacobson E, Pavlidakey P. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: A case report and review of surgical outcomes in elderly patients. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 19:34-36. [PMID: 34926751 PMCID: PMC8649574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Sowell
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Ana Preda-Naumescu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Om Patel
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meredith Thomley
- Department of Dermatology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Peter Pavlidakey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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Zhang Q, Zhang LJ, Yuan SS, Quan XJ, Zhang BY, Zhao D. Hypoparathyroidism Associated with the DNA Variants in Non-Coding Sequence Region of Calcium-Sensing Receptor. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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25
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Wang Y, Venezuela J, Dargusch M. Biodegradable shape memory alloys: Progress and prospects. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121215. [PMID: 34736144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have a wide range of potential novel medical applications due to their superelastic properties and ability to restore and retain a 'memorised' shape. However, most SMAs are permanent and do not degrade in the body when used in implantable devices. The use of non-degrading metals may lead to the requirement for secondary removal surgery and this in turn may introduce both short and long-term health risks, or additional waste disposal requirements. Biodegradable SMAs can effectively eliminate these issues by gradually degrading inside the human body while providing the necessary support for healing purposes, therefore significantly alleviating patient discomfort and improving healing efficiency. This paper reviews the current progress in biodegradable SMAs from the perspective of biodegradability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. By providing insights into the status of SMAs and biodegradation mechanisms, the prospects for Mg- and Fe-based biodegradable SMAs to advance biodegradable SMA-based medical devices are explored. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential solutions in the biodegradable SMAs area are discussed, providing suggestions and research frameworks for future studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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26
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Alexander R, Debiec N, Razzaque MS, He P. Inorganic phosphate-induced cytotoxicity. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:117-124. [PMID: 34676972 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate, an essential nutrient, is available in organic and inorganic forms. The balance of phosphate is central for cellular homeostasis through the genomic roles of DNA and RNA synthesis and cell signaling processes. Therefore, an imbalance of this nutrient, manifested, either as a deficiency or excess in phosphate levels, can result in pathology, ranging from cytotoxicity to musculoskeletal defects. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) overdosing can result in a wide spectrum of cytotoxicity processes, as noted in both animal models and human studies. These include rewired cell signaling pathways, impaired bone mineralization, infertility, premature aging, vascular calcification, and renal dysfunction. This article briefly reviews the regulation of phosphate homeostasis and elaborates on cytotoxic effects of excessive Pi, as documented in cell-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Alexander
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Debiec
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Zdral S, Monge Calleja ÁM, Catarino L, Curate F, Santos AL. Elemental Composition in Female Dry Femora Using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF): Association with Age and Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:231-240. [PMID: 33792736 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions can modify the skeletal chemical concentration. This study analyzes the elemental composition in two anatomical regions from dry femoral bone using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) and evaluates its impact in the bone mineral density (BMD). The left femora of 97 female skeletons (21-95 years old individuals) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection were studied. Diagenetic biases were discarded at the outset and BMD was determined with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Chemical measurements were performed at the midpoint of the femoral neck and at the midshaft using a pXRF device, and comparisons were made considering the age and the BMD values. Only elements with a Technical Measurement Error ≤ 5% were selected: P, S, Ca, Fe, Zn, As, Sr, Pb and the Ca/P ratio. Statistically significant differences were found between regions, with higher concentrations of P, Ca, Zn and S at the midshaft, and the Ca/P ratio at the femoral neck. The concentration of P is higher in individuals < 50 years, while S and Ca/P ratio increase in individuals ≥ 50 years. The decrease of P with age can be simultaneously related to the decline of its concentration in osteoporosis. Decreased BMD is also associated with higher levels of S and Pb. Osteoporosis enhances the absorption of osteolytic elements in specific locations. This fast and non-destructive technique has proved effective for the comprehension of chemical changes related to bone mass loss. This study highlights the potential of identified skeletal collections to improve the knowledge about bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Zdral
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Regulation of Gene Expression During Development Group, Calle Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Álvaro M Monge Calleja
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lidia Catarino
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geosciences Center (CGeo), University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Curate
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Santos
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Kutikhin AG, Feenstra L, Kostyunin AE, Yuzhalin AE, Hillebrands JL, Krenning G. Calciprotein Particles: Balancing Mineral Homeostasis and Vascular Pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1607-1624. [PMID: 33691479 PMCID: PMC8057528 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Kostyunin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726 GN, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
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29
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Haussler MR, Livingston S, Sabir ZL, Haussler CA, Jurutka PW. Vitamin D Receptor Mediates a Myriad of Biological Actions Dependent on Its 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Ligand: Distinct Regulatory Themes Revealed by Induction of Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10432. [PMID: 33553988 PMCID: PMC7839824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormonal vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], produced in kidney, acts in numerous end organs via the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) to trigger molecular events that orchestrate bone mineral homeostasis. VDR is a ligand‐controlled transcription factor that obligatorily heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to target vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) in the vicinity of vitamin D‐regulated genes. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are governed by PTH, an inducer of renal D‐hormone biosynthesis catalyzed by CYP27B1 that functions as the key player in a calcemic endocrine circuit, and by fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23), a repressor of the CYP27B1 renal enzyme, creating a hypophosphatemic endocrine loop. 1,25(OH)2D/VDR–RXR acts in kidney to induce Klotho (a phosphaturic coreceptor for FGF23) to correct hyperphosphatemia, NPT2a/c to correct hypophosphatemia, and TRPV5 and CaBP28k to enhance calcium reabsorption. 1,25(OH)2D‐liganded VDR–RXR functions in osteoblasts/osteocytes by augmenting RANK‐ligand expression to paracrine signal osteoclastic bone resorption, while simultaneously inducing FGF23, SPP1, BGLP, LRP5, ANK1, ENPP1, and TNAP, and conversely repressing RUNX2 and PHEX expression, effecting localized control of mineralization to sculpt the skeleton. Herein, we document the history of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR and summarize recent advances in characterizing their physiology, biochemistry, and mechanism of action by highlighting two examples of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR molecular function. The first is VDR‐mediated primary induction of Klotho mRNA by 1,25(OH)2D in kidney via a mechanism initiated by the docking of liganded VDR–RXR on a VDRE at −35 kb in the mouse Klotho gene. In contrast, the secondary induction of FGF23 by 1,25(OH)2D in bone is proposed to involve rapid nongenomic action of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR to acutely activate PI3K, in turn signaling the induction of MZF1, a transcription factor that, in cooperation with c‐ets1‐P, binds to an enhancer element centered at −263 bp in the promoter‐proximal region of the mouse fgf23 gene. Chronically, 1,25(OH)2D‐induced osteopontin apparently potentiates MZF1. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Zhela L Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ.,School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
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30
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Sun M, Wu X, Yu Y, Wang L, Xie D, Zhang Z, Chen L, Lu A, Zhang G, Li F. Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and the Proteomics/Metabolomics-Based Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576110. [PMID: 33015068 PMCID: PMC7511772 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since calcium and phosphorus play vital roles in a multitude of physiologic systems, disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism always lead to severe consequences such as skeletal-related and cardiovascular morbidity, or even life-threatening. Physiologically, the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is achieved via a variety of concerted actions of hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), which could be regulated mainly at three organs, the intestine, kidney, and bone. Disruption of any organ or factor might lead to disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Currently, lacking of accurate diagnostic approaches and unknown molecular basis of pathophysiology will result in patients being unable to receive a precise diagnosis and personalized treatment timely. Therefore, it is urgent to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and develop therapeutic strategies. Fortunately, proteomics and metabolomics offer promising tools to discover novel indicators and further understanding of pathological mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we will give a systematic introduction on PTH-1,25(OH)2D-FGF23 axis in the disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, diagnostic biomarkers identified, and potential altered metabolic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng Sun
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duoli Xie
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Kuehn K, Hahn A, Seefried L. Mineral Intake and Clinical Symptoms in Adult Patients with Hypophosphatasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5851912. [PMID: 32502243 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase entailing impaired turnover of phosphorus metabolites. Dietary mineral intake is suspected to influence clinical symptoms of HPP, but scientific evidence is missing. METHODS Cross-sectional matched-pairs study collecting comprehensive data on nutrient intake in 20 HPP patients and 20 unaffected, age- and gender-matched controls. Dietary information and clinical symptoms were documented in detail over 7 consecutive days using structured diaries. RESULTS Baseline data and type of energy-supplying nutrients were balanced between both groups. Median nutritional intake of phosphorus and calcium were significantly lower in HPP patients versus controls, which is partially attributable to lower energy consumption in HPP patients. Differences regarding phosphorus and calcium (Ca/P) ratio and uptake of magnesium, zinc, and vitamin B6 were not statistically significant. Both high (≥ 1375 mg/d) and low intakes (< 1100 mg/d) of phosphorus were significantly associated with an increased frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms (P = 0.02). Similarly, very high and very low intake of calcium was significantly associated with musculoskeletal (P < 0.01), gastrointestinal (P = 0.02), and neuropsychiatric (P < 0.001) symptoms. An increased Ca/P ratio was associated with increased tiredness/fatigue (P < 0.01), whereas a decreased Ca/P was associated with gastrointestinal issues (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Phosphorus and calcium intake seem reduced in HPP patients along with reduced total energy consumption. Particularly high as well as very low absolute or unbalanced phosphorus and calcium intake are associated with an increased frequency of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Kuehn
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Seefried
- Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Institute, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Matuszewski A, Łukasiewicz M, Niemiec J. Calcium and phosphorus and their nanoparticle forms in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1746221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Matuszewski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Łukasiewicz
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Roschger A, Wagermaier W, Gamsjaeger S, Hassler N, Schmidt I, Blouin S, Berzlanovich A, Gruber GM, Weinkamer R, Roschger P, Paschalis EP, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Newly formed and remodeled human bone exhibits differences in the mineralization process. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:221-230. [PMID: 31926334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During human skeletal growth, bone is formed via different processes. Two of them are: new bone formation by depositing bone at the periosteal (outer) surface and bone remodeling corresponding to a local renewal of tissue. Since in remodeling formation is preceded by resorption, we hypothesize that modeling and remodeling could require radically different transport paths for ionic precursors of mineralization. While remodeling may recycle locally resorbed mineral, modeling implies the transport over large distances to the site of bone apposition. Therefore, we searched for potential differences of size, arrangement and chemical composition of mineral particles just below surfaces of modeling and remodeling sites in femur midshaft cross-sections from healthy children. These bone sites were mapped using scanning synchrotron X-ray scattering, Raman microspectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and quantitative backscattered electron microscopy. The results show clear differences in mineral particle size and composition between the sites, which cannot be explained by a change in the rate of mineral apposition or accumulation. At periosteal modeling sites, mineral crystals are distinctly larger, display higher crystallinity and exhibit a lower calcium to phosphorus ratio and elevated Na and Mg content. The latter may originate from Mg used for phase stabilization of mineral precursors and therefore indicate different time periods for mineral transport. We conclude that the mineralization process is distinctively different between modeling and remodeling sites due to varying requirements for the transport distance and, therefore, the stability of non-crystalline ionic precursors, resulting in distinct compositions of the deposited mineral phase. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In growing children new bone is formed either due to apposition of bone tissue e.g. at the outer ridge of long bones to allow growth in thickness (bone modeling), or in cavities inside the mineralized matrix when replacing tissue (bone remodeling). We demonstrate that mineral crystal shape and composition are not the same between these two sites, which is indicative of differences in mineralization precursors. We suggest that this may be due to a longer mineral transport distance to sites of new bone formation as compared to remodeling where mineral can be locally recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria; Department for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer Straße 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Hassler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schmidt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Berzlanovich
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde M Gruber
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Li M, He Y, Tong G, Yang D. [Prolonged continuous infusion of teriparatide promotes bone metabolism in normal but not in castrated mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1045-1051. [PMID: 31640962 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of continuous pumping of teriparatide (TPTD) on bone metabolism in ovariectomized and normal mice and provide experimental evidence for the selection of animal models for studying the effects of TPTD and its related peptides on osteoclasts. METHODS Twenty-four female C57BL mice (6-weeks old) were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation followed 7 days later by continuous pumping of TPTD or the solvent vehicle (VEH) via a micropump (SHAM-VEH, SHAM-TPTD, OVX-VEH, and OVX-TPTD groups; n=6). Two weeks later, the tibial and femoral bones were harvested for micro-CT scanning to measure the parameters of the tibia and the femoral cortical bone. Histopathological examinations of the tibial tissue were conducted using HE staining and TRAP staining and the number of osteoclasts and the growth plate thickness were determined. The serum Ca2 + levels of the mice were measured. The primary osteoblasts from the cranial bone were treated with estradiol (E2) and TPTD for 48 h, and the expressions of β-catenin and RANKL protein in the cells were analyzed. RESULTS The trabecular bone mass of OVX mice was significantly lower than that of sham-operated mice (P < 0.05). Continuous TPTD pumping significantly reduced tibial cancellous bone mass and femoral cortical bone area in the sham-operated mice, while in the castrated mice, TPTD pumping increased the cancellous bone mass without changing the cortical bone area. TRAP staining showed that cancellous osteoblasts in the tibia increased significantly in the castrated mice as compared with the sham-operated mice, and TPTD pumping significantly increased the number of cancellous osteoblasts in the sham-operated mice (P < 0.05). In the primary cultured osteoblasts, treatment with both E2 and TPTD obviously lowered the expression of β-catenin and increased the expression of RANKL as compared with TPTD treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Continuous pumping of TPTD promotes bone resorption in normal mice but does not produce obvious bone resorption effect in the ovariectomized mice, suggesting that castrated mice are not suitable models for studying the effect of TPTD and the related peptides on the osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Youhua He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guojun Tong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Playford MP, Dey AK, Zierold C, Joshi AA, Blocki F, Bonelli F, Rodante JA, Harrington CL, Rivers JP, Elnabawi YA, Chen MY, Ahlman MA, Teague HL, Mehta NN. Serum active 1,25(OH) 2D, but not inactive 25(OH)D vitamin D levels are associated with cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in psoriasis. Atherosclerosis 2019; 289:44-50. [PMID: 31450013 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D exists as an inactive 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the bloodstream, which is converted to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD (1,25(OH)2D) in target tissues. Cohort studies reporting cardiovascular disease among individuals with low vitamin D are inconsistent and solely measure 25(OH)D. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is a vitamin D deficient state and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. While serum 25(OH)D is routinely measured, we hypothesized that measurement of 1,25(OH)2D in psoriasis may perform better than 25(OH)D in capturing cardiovascular risk. METHODS Consecutive psoriasis patients (N = 122) at baseline underwent FDG PET/CT and CCTA scans to measure visceral adipose volume, aortic vascular uptake of FDG, and coronary plaque burden respectively. Blood levels of both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D were measured by chemiluminescence (LIAISON XL DIaSorin, Stillwater, MN). RESULTS The psoriasis cohort was middle-aged (mean ± SD: 49.6 ± 13.0), predominantly male (n = 71, 58%), in majority Caucasians (n = 98, 80%), and had moderate-to-severe skin disease [psoriasis area severity index score, PASI score, med. (IQR) 5.5 (3.2-10.7)], with almost one-fourth of the cohort on biologic psoriasis therapy for skin disease management (n = 32, 27%) at baseline. Interestingly, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D but not 25(OH)D were found to be inversely associated with visceral adipose, a marker of cardiometabolic risk in fully adjusted models (β = - 0.43, p = 0.026 and β = -0.26 p = 0.13). Similarly, we found an inverse relationship between 1,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, and aortic vascular uptake of FDG independent of traditional risk factors (β = -0.19, p = 0.01). Finally, we found that serum 1,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, was inversely associated with non-calcified coronary plaque burden, as measured by CCTA independent of traditional risk factors (β = -0.18, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrate that low 1,25(OH)2D levels were associated with visceral adipose volume, vascular uptake of FDG and coronary plaque burden independent of traditional risk factors, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D may better capture the cardiometabolic risk associated with vitamin D deficient states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aditya A Joshi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank Blocki
- DIaSorin Inc, 1951 Northwestern Avenue, Stillwater, MN, USA
| | | | - Justin A Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte L Harrington
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua P Rivers
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Ahlman
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather L Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Yang M, Doshi KB, Roarke MC, Nguyen BD. Molecular Imaging in Diagnosis of Tumor-induced Osteomalacia. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 48:379-386. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Meurer M, Höcherl K. Endotoxaemia differentially regulates the expression of renal Ca 2+ transport proteins in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13175. [PMID: 30133162 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or vitamin D signalling are frequently reported in patients with sepsis. The consequences on renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that endotoxaemia alters the expression of important renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 mg/kg; i.p.). The mRNA and protein levels of renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins were measured by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide-induced hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia was paralleled by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of Ca2+ and Pi . Endotoxaemia augmented plasma levels of PTH and affected the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-klotho-vitamin D axis by increasing plasma levels of FGF23 and downregulation of renal klotho expression. Renal expression of CYP27b1 and plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were increased in response to LPS. Endotoxaemia augmented the renal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6 and PiT1, whereas the renal expression of calbindin-D28K , NCX1, NaPi -2a and NaPi -2c were decreased. Incubation of primary distal tubule cells with LPS increased TRPV6 mRNA levels. Furthermore, LPS decreased the intestinal expression of TRPV6, calbindin-D9K and of NaPi -2b. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that endotoxaemia is associated with hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and a disturbed FGF23-klotho-vitamin D signaling. Further, LPS-induced acute kidney injury was accompanied by an increased or decreased expression of specific renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transporters respectively. It seems unlikely that LPS-induced hypocalcaemia is due to renal loss of Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Meurer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
| | - Klaus Höcherl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Erlangen Germany
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Abstract
Population-based studies have demonstrated that an increasing number of incidental thyroid nodules are being identified. The corresponding increase in thyroid-based diagnostic procedures, such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy, has in part led to an increase in the diagnoses of thyroid cancers and to more thyroid surgeries being performed. Small papillary thyroid cancers account for most of this increase in diagnoses. These cancers are considered to be low risk because of the excellent patient outcomes, with a 5-year disease-specific survival of >98%. As a result, controversy remains regarding the optimal management of newly diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer, as the complications related to thyroidectomy (primarily recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism) have considerable effects on patient quality of life. This Review highlights current debates, including undertaking active surveillance versus thyroid surgery for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, the extent of thyroid surgery and lymphadenectomy for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, and the use of molecular testing to guide decision-making about whether surgery is required and the extent of the initial operation. This Review includes a discussion of current consensus guideline recommendations regarding these topics in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Additionally, innovative thyroidectomy techniques (including robotic and transoral approaches) are discussed, with an emphasis on patient preferences around decision-making and outcomes following thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy S Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chen J, Tan L, Yu X, Etim IP, Ibrahim M, Yang K. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical application: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Disorders related to the bone health are becoming a significant concern due to subsequent rise in ageing human population. It is estimated that more than two million bone-surgeries are performed worldwide with an annual cost of $2.5 billion. In order to replace damaged bone-tissues and restore their function, biomaterials consisting of stainless steels, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys are implanted. However, these permanent (non-biodegradable) implants often lead to stress-shielding effects and ions release as they interact with the cells and fluids in the body. It is required to overcome these issues by improving the quality of implant materials and increasing their service life. Recently, research in biodegradable materials, consisting of magnesium alloys in particular, has received global attention owning to their biocompatibility and closer mechanical properties to the natural bone. However, due to their rapid corrosion rate in the body fluids, clinical applications of Mg-alloys as viable bone-implants have been restricted. A number of Mg-alloys have been tested since (both in vivo and in vitro) to optimize their biodegradation rare and corrosion properties. The present review summarizes the most recent developments in Mg-alloys designed with biodegradation tailored to the bone-cells growth and highlights the most successful ways to optimize their surface properties for optimum cell/material interaction.
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Fayed A, El Nokeety MM, Heikal AA, Marzouk K, Hammad H, Abdulazim DO, Salem MM, Sharaf El Din UA. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is negatively associated with serum phosphorus level among stage 3a-5 chronic kidney disease patients. Nefrologia 2018; 38:514-519. [PMID: 29843900 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) negatively correlates with serum phosphorus level of stage 3a-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. So far, no explanation has been provided for this negative association. OBJECTIVE To confirm this negative association and determine if this relationship is mediated through other known co-morbid factors. CASES AND METHODS One hundred (57 male and 43 female) pre-dialysis stage 3a-5 CKD patients were selected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) were assessed. A correlation analysis between serum 25(OH)D and the different parameters studied was performed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors of 25(OH)D. RESULTS The negative association between serum 25(OH)D and serum P was confirmed in univariate and multivariate correlation analysis. On the other hand, we failed to detect a significant association between 25(OH)D and serum FGF23. Serum P is the most important independent predictor of 25(OH)D in these patients (partial R2=0.15, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Serum P is likely to have a direct negative impact on serum 25(OH)D. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fayed
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El Nokeety
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Heikal
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Khaled Marzouk
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hany Hammad
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina O Abdulazim
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mona M Salem
- Endocrinology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Usama A Sharaf El Din
- Nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Blomberg Jensen M, Husted H, Bjerrum PJ, Juul A, Kehlet H. Compromised Activation of Vitamin D After Elective Surgery: A Prospective Pilot Study. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:281-288. [PMID: 30283909 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical stress reduces concentrations of most proteins in serum and necessitates a rapid adjustment of hormones dependent on protein binding. Activation of vitamin D by renal 1α-hydroxylation is dependent on protein binding because 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) is formed after megalin-mediated reabsorption of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). Postoperative alterations in serum concentrations of DBP and albumin may therefore impair 1,25(OH)2D3 production. Our objective was to determine sex-specific changes in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and sex steroids 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours and 3 weeks postoperatively. Fourteen women and eleven men aged 45 to 77 years without severe comorbidities undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty participated in this prospective study in a tertiary center for arthroplasty (trial ID: NCT02336932). The main outcome measures were total and free serum concentrations of 25OHD, 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, DBP, albumin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Serum albumin and SHBG decreased postoperatively (Δalbumin48h -18% [-22%; -14%]). Unexpectedly, concentrations of DBP and 25OHD remained unaltered, but 1,25(OH)2D3 declined postoperatively. 1,25(OH)2D3 was 3 weeks after surgery -24% (-40%; -8%) lower than preoperative levels, whereas 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D remained unchanged in postmenopausal women. The calculated conversion rate of 25OHD to 1,25(OH)2D3 was strongly associated with serum 25-OHD and PTH preoperatively, whereas serum calcium was most predictive postoperatively. In conclusion, surgery had no effect on serum concentrations of DBP, 25OHD, and PTH, whereas production of 1,25(OH)2D3 was markedly reduced. Further studies are needed to determine duration and putative outcome effects of this postoperative 1,25(OH)2D3 deficit in women, which in part may be due to discordance in CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research HSDM/HMS Harvard University Boston MA USA.,Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Husted
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark.,Section of Surgical Pathophysiology and Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Anders Juul
- Group of Skeletal, Mineral, and Gonadal Endocrinology University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Kehlet
- Section of Surgical Pathophysiology and Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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Yang H, Qu X, Lin W, Wang C, Zhu D, Dai K, Zheng Y. In vitro and in vivo studies on zinc-hydroxyapatite composites as novel biodegradable metal matrix composite for orthopedic applications. Acta Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29530820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that there is a great demand to optimize pure Zn with tunable degradation rates and more desirable biocompatibility as orthopedic implants. Metal matrix composite (MMC) can be a promising approach for this purpose. In this study, MMC with pure Zn as a matrix and hydroxyapatite (HA) as reinforcements were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Feasibility of novel Zn-HA composites to be used as orthopedic implant applications was systematically evaluated. After sintering, HA distributed in the Zn particle boundaries uniformly. Corrosion tests indicated that the degradation rates of Zn-HA composites were adjustable due to the biphasic effects of HA. Zn-HA composites showed significantly improved cell viability of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells compared with pure Zn. Both pure Zn and composites exhibited a low thrombosis risk and hemolysis rates while a Zn ion concentration-dependent effect was found on coagulation time. An effective antibacterial property was observed as well. The volume loss of pure Zn and Zn-5HA composite was 1.7% and 3.2% after 8 weeks' implantation. Histological analysis found newly formed bone surrounding pure Zn and Zn-5HA composite at week 4 and increased bone mass over time. With prolonged implantation time, Zn-5HA composite was more effective on stimulating new bone formation than pure Zn. In summary, MMC is a feasible way to design Zn based materials with adjustable degradation rates and improved biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biodegradable zinc materials are promising candidates for the new generation of orthopedic implants. However, the slow degradation rates and unsatisfactory cytocompatibility of pure Zn in bone environments limit its future clinical applications. Generally, alloying is a common way to improve the performance of pure Zn. In this study, metal matrix composite was chosen as a novel strategy to solve the problems. Hydroxyapatite, as a bioactive component, was added into Zn matrix via spark plasma sintering. We find that Zn-HA composites exhibited adjustable degradation rates and improved biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides exhaustive and significant information including microstructure, mechanical performance, degradation behavior, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and antibacterial property for the future Zn based implants design.
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Vitamin D, Hypercalciuria and Kidney Stones. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030366. [PMID: 29562593 PMCID: PMC5872784 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimated lifetime risk of nephrolithiasis is growing nowadays, and the formation of kidney stones is frequently promoted by hypercalciuria. Vitamin D, and especially its active metabolite calcitriol, increase digestive calcium absorption—as urinary calcium excretion is directly correlated with digestive calcium absorption, vitamin D metabolites could theoretically increase calciuria and promote urinary stone formation. Nevertheless, there was, until recently, low evidence that 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels would be correlated with kidney stone formation, even if high calcitriol concentrations are frequently observed in hypercalciuric stone formers. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels have been associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, leading to a huge increase in vitamin D prescription in the general population. In parallel, an increased frequency of kidney stone episodes has been observed in prospective studies evaluating vitamin D alone or in association with calcium supplements, and epidemiological studies have identified an association between high 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels and kidney stone formation in some groups of patients. Moreover, urinary calcium excretion has been shown to increase in response to vitamin D supplements, at least in some groups of kidney stone formers. It seems likely that predisposed individuals may develop hypercalciuria and kidney stones in response to vitamin D supplements.
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Reinke DC, Starczak Y, Kogawa M, Barratt KR, Morris HA, Anderson PH, Atkins GJ. Evidence for altered osteoclastogenesis in splenocyte cultures from VDR knockout mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:96-102. [PMID: 28765041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The indirect action of 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin-D3 (1,25D) on the osteoclast through stromal signalling is well established. The role of vitamin D in osteoclasts through direct 1,25D-VDR signalling is less well known. We showed previously that local 1,25D synthesis in osteoclasts modified osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorptive activity. In this study, we hypothesised that osteoclasts lacking VDR expression would display an enhanced resorptive capacity due to the loss of 1,25D signalling. Splenocytes were cultured under osteoclast-differentiating conditions from mice with global deletion of the Vdr gene (VDRKO) and this was compared with age-matched wild-type littermate controls (WT). In VDRKO cultures, osteoclastogenesis was reduced, as indicated by fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated cells at all time points measured (p<0.05) compared to WT levels. However, VDRKO osteoclasts demonstrated greater resorption on a per cell basis than their WT counterparts. VDRKO cultures expressed greatly increased c-Fos mRNA compared to WT. In addition, the ratio of expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax to the pro-survival gene Bcl-2 was decreased in VDRKO cultures, implying that these osteoclasts may survive longer than WT osteoclasts. Our data indicate abnormal osteoclastogenesis due to the absence of Vdr expression, consistent with direct effects of vitamin D signalling being important for regulating the maturation and resorptive activities of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Reinke
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yolandi Starczak
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate R Barratt
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Effect of calcium on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of microarc oxidized Mg-xCa alloys. Biointerphases 2018; 13:011003. [PMID: 29338270 DOI: 10.1116/1.5003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are potential biodegradable implants for biomedical applications, and calcium (Ca) is one kind of ideal element being examined for magnesium alloys and biodegradable ceramic coatings owing to its biocompatibility and mechanical suitability. In this study, microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on Mg-xCa alloys to study the effect of Ca on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-xCa alloys and their surface MAO coatings. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was investigated using an electrochemical workstation, and the degradability and bioactivity were evaluated by soaking tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions. The corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The effects of Ca on the alloy phase composition, microstructure, MAO coating formation mechanism, and corrosion behavior were investigated. Results showed that the Mg-0.82Ca alloy and MAO-coated Mg-0.82Ca exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The number and distribution of Mg2Ca phases can be controlled by adjusting the Ca content in the Mg-xCa alloys. The proper amount of Ca in magnesium alloy was about 0.5-0.8 wt. %. The pore size, surface roughness, and corrosion behavior of microarc oxidized Mg-xCa samples can be controlled by the number and distribution of the Mg2Ca phase. The corrosion behaviors of microarc oxidized Mg-Ca in SBF solutions were discussed.
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High Resolution 31P NMR Spectroscopy Generates a Quantitative Evolution Profile of Phosphorous Translocation in Germinating Sesame Seed. Sci Rep 2018; 8:359. [PMID: 29321596 PMCID: PMC5762687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus metabolism and circulation are essential bio-physicochemical processes during development of a plant and have been extensively studied and known to be affected by temperature, humidity, lighting, hormones etc. However, a quantitative description of how various phosphorous species evolve over time has not been reported. In this work, a combined 31P liquid and solid state NMR spectroscopic methodology is employed, supported by a new extraction scheme and data analysis method, to carry out a quantitative investigation of phosphorous circulation in germinating sesame seeds in dark and under illumination with and without adding a growth hormone. The spectra show that only slight changes occur for phosphorous metabolism at the initial stage but a rapid change takes place between 48–96 hours after germination is started. The metabolism is found to be temperature dependent and affected by illumination and hormone. However, neither illumination nor hormone affects the final residual concentration of phytin. Moreover, phytin does not flow out of cotyledon and the phosphorous flowing to other parts of the plant is always in the inorganic form. The overall evolution profile of phytate consumption is found to be a Gaussian decaying function. These findings can be explained with a dynamic model on phytin conversion.
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Adragao T, Ferreira A, Frazao JM, Papoila AL, Pinto I, Monier-Faugere MC, Malluche HH. Higher mineralized bone volume is associated with a lower plain X-Ray vascular calcification score in hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179868. [PMID: 28686736 PMCID: PMC5501435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives In dialysis patients, there is an increasing evidence that altered bone metabolism is associated with cardiovascular calcifications. The main objective of this study was to analyse, in hemodialysis patients, the relationships between bone turnover, mineralization and volume, evaluated in bone biopsies, with a plain X-ray vascular calcification score. Design, setting, participants and measurements In a cross-sectional study, bone biopsies and evaluation of vascular calcifications were performed in fifty hemodialysis patients. Cancellous bone volume, mineralized bone volume, osteoid volume, activation frequency, bone formation rate/bone surface, osteoid thickness and mineralization lag time were determined by histomorphometry. Vascular calcifications were assessed by the simple vascular calcification score (SVCS) in plain X-Ray of pelvis and hands and, for comparison, by the Agatston score in Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT). Results SVCS≥3 was present in 20 patients (40%). Low and high bone turnover were present in 54% and 38% of patients, respectively. Low bone volume was present in 20% of patients. In multivariable analysis, higher age (p = 0.015) and longer hemodialysis duration (p = 0.017) were associated with SVCS≥3. Contrary to cancellous bone volume, the addition to this model of mineralized bone volume (OR = 0.863; 95%CI: 0.766, 0.971; p = 0.015), improved the performance of the model. For each increase of 1% in mineralized bone volume there was a 13.7% decrease in the odds of having SVCS≥3 (p = 0.015). An Agatston score>400 was observed in 80% of the patients with a SVCS≥3 versus 4% of patients with a SVCS<3, (p<0.001). Conclusion Higher mineralized bone volume was associated with a lower plain X-ray vascular calcification. This study corroborates the hypothesis of the existence of a link between bone and vessel and reinforces the clinical utility of this simple and inexpensive vascular calcification score in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Adragao
- Nephrology Department, Santa Cruz Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Anibal Ferreira
- Nephrology Department, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joao M. Frazao
- Nephrology Department, S Joao Hospital, Medical School and Nephrology Research and Development Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Papoila
- CEAUL, CEDOC, Nova Medical School/FCM, New University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marie-Claude Monier-Faugere
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Hartmut H. Malluche
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
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Pogorielov M, Husak E, Solodivnik A, Zhdanov S. Magnesium-based biodegradable alloys: Degradation, application, and alloying elements. Interv Med Appl Sci 2017; 9:27-38. [PMID: 28932493 PMCID: PMC5598119 DOI: 10.1556/1646.9.2017.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the paradigm about the metal with improved corrosion resistance for application in surgery and orthopedy was broken. The new class of biodegradable metal emerges as an alternative for biomedical implants. These metals corrode gradually with an appropriate host response and release of corrosion products. And it is absolutely necessary to use essential metals metabolized by hosting organism with local and general nontoxic effect. Magnesium serves this aim best; it plays the essential role in body metabolism and should be completely excreted within a few days after degradation. This review summarizes data from Mg discovery and its first experimental and clinical application of modern concept of Mg alloy development. We focused on biodegradable metal application in general surgery and orthopedic practice and showed the advantages and disadvantages Mg alloys offer. We focused on methods of in vitro and in vivo investigation of degradable Mg alloys and correlation between these methods. Based on the observed data, a better way for new alloy pre-clinical investigation is suggested. This review analyzes possible alloying elements that improve corrosion rate, mechanical properties, and gives the appropriate host response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Husak
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
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