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Poteat TC, Hall P, Brooks M, Horn J, Yang C, Pereira N, Adams MA. Caregiving During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study with Older Cisgender Sexual Minority Women in the United States. LGBT Health 2024; 11:219-228. [PMID: 37971831 PMCID: PMC11001953 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study describes prevalence of caregiving before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among racially diverse older cisgender sexual minority women, examines factors associated with caregiving, and assesses relationships between caregiving and health. Methods: A convenience sample of participants aged ≥50 years completed self-administered online surveys assessing sociodemographic characteristics, caregiver status, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Bivariate statistics compared response variables by race, caregiver status, and timing of caregiving relative to the pandemic. Results: Of 365 participants, 82.7% identified as lesbian or gay and 41.1% as Black/African American; 40% were caregivers before (n = 32), during (n = 34), or both before and during (n = 80) the pandemic. A greater proportion of caregivers lived with a partner (45.9% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.06), were unemployed (37.7% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.07), and had high school or lower education (11.6% vs. 5%, p = 0.09). No differences were found in self-rated health by caregiver status; however, a higher proportion of Black (vs. White) caregivers reported good to excellent physical health (77.9% vs. 62.9%, p = 0.05). Caregivers more frequently reported depressive symptoms (28.1% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.03). Caregivers both before and during the pandemic had lower educational attainment than those who provided care only before or only during the pandemic (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Caregiving was common among older sexual minority women during the pandemic and experiences varied by race and other social factors. Consideration of these intersecting experiences is important for fully understanding caregiver experiences during COVID-19. Overall, caregiving was associated with depressive symptoms, underscoring the importance of psychosocial support for all caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C. Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Porsha Hall
- ZAMI NOBLA: National Organization of Black Lesbians on Aging, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madeline Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Horn
- Family Caregiver Support Center, Pikes Peak Area Agency on Aging, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Chloe Yang
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nastacia Pereira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary Anne Adams
- ZAMI NOBLA: National Organization of Black Lesbians on Aging, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Wang F, Wu Y, Wang S, Du Z, Wu Y. Development of an optimal short form of the GAD-7 scale with cross-cultural generalizability based on Riskslim. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 87:33-40. [PMID: 38301522 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the relatively small number of items in the GAD-7, fewer items are increasingly sought to shorten testing time in large-scale mental health screenings. As a result, short forms based on the GAD-7, the GAD-2, and GAD-mini, have become popular. However, the GAD-2 and GAD-mini have reported lower diagnostic accuracy in some cultural contexts, implying that a validated short-form version of the GAD-7 may be lacking in large-scale cross-cultural anxiety screening. Based on this, to develop an optimal short form of the GAD-7 with cross-cultural stability, we utilized seven GAD-7 datasets from six different countries, totaling 47,484 participants. Five 2 to 6 item short forms of the GAD were constructed using the Riskslim machine learning algorithm. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the GAD-7 short forms in the training and test sets based on the coefficient of determination(R2) and area under the curve(AUC) metrics, and the results showed that GAD-R2 performed poorly in some cultures, and all of the 3 to 6 item short forms of the GAD performed good in cross-cultural diagnostic rates, with the GAD-R6 showing the highest diagnostic accuracy in all cultures; GAD-R3 outperformed GAD-R2, GAD-2, and GAD-mini in all cultures; GAD-R3 had higher generalizability across cultures and special populations; Given that the GAD-R3 was shorter and nearly as accurate as the GAD-R6, we recommend the use of the GAD-R3 in clinical studies and epidemiologic investigations. And we recommend the optimal actual cutoff value of 15 for GAD-R3. Overall, we recommend GAD-R3 as the short-form version of GAD-7 in cross-cultural studies. However, the 2-item GAD scale is also optimal for the short-form version in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchou Wu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University,Chongqing, China
| | - Suqi Wang
- School of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuoran Du
- School of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Li R, Liu M, Song J, Xu Y, He A, Hu X, Yang S, Ding G, Chen M, Jin C. Association between residential greenspace and mental health among cancer survivors in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117155. [PMID: 37775008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living near and enjoying visually green landscapes is associated with better mental health, but evidence focusing on vulnerable populations (such as cancer survivors) is sparse. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between residential greenspace and anxiety and depressive symptoms among cancer survivors in Shanghai, China. METHODS In total, 4195 cancer survivors participated in this study from the 2022 Shanghai Cancer Patient Needs Survey. The estimation of residential greenspaces was based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The presence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2). The relation between mental health and green space was assessed using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) after controlling for relevant individual covariates and contextual characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer survivors was 36.2% and 28.3% respectively. After multivariate adjustment, each increase in inter-quartile range (IQR) for NDVI in the 250 m buffer (NDVI-250m) was associated with a decrease in PHQ-2 score (△score (95%CI): 0.018 (-0.034, -0.002)) and GAD-2 score (△score (95%CI): 0.018 (-0.034, -0.002)), respectively. We observed that an increase in IQR for NDVI-250m was associated with a 3.3% (Odds ratio (OR) (95%CI):0.967 (0.943, 0.991)) reduction in anxiety symptoms. More pronounced greenspace-mental health effects were found among young adults (18-65 years) and participants living in suburban areas, compared to young people over 65 and those living in urban areas (P-interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of residential green space are associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety disorders. Our findings will fill the gap in the relationship between green space and mental health among cancer survivors in urban China, and provide new evidence for garden afforestation, community planning and policy-making. To better understand this association, more longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Li
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jie Song
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Amei He
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shanshi Yang
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Oncology Department, Shanghai International Medical Center, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Minxing Chen
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunlin Jin
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai Medical Information Center, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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BinDhim NF, Althumiri NA, Al-Duraihem RA, Alasmary S, Alkhamaali Z, Alhabeeb AA. Association between daily use of social media and behavioral lifestyles in the Saudi community: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1254603. [PMID: 37876715 PMCID: PMC10591068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1254603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between nine social media platforms use and health-related behavior, including fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, tobacco use, and risk factors including depression and obesity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS). Participants 18 years and older were recruited via phone-interviews. The nine social media platform use [Twitter-(X), Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Snapchat, TikTok, Telegram, and YouTube] were assessed using self-reported use. Health-related variables include behavioral factors including diet, physical activity, and tobacco use including (cigarettes, waterpipes, and e-cigarettes), risk of depression and obesity. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between social media use and health-related variables. Results The study indicated that daily Snapchat users had a lower healthy diet (fruit and vegetable intake), whereas daily LinkedIn and WhatsApp users were positively associated with a healthier diet, relative to those with infrequent social media use. Furthermore, daily interaction with Instagram, TikTok, Telegram, and YouTube was significantly associated with increased depression risk. Conversely, Snapchat and WhatsApp usage was significantly linked to a decreased depression risk. Tobacco-smoking behaviors were associated with specific social media platforms: cigarette smoking was associated with Snapchat, TikTok, and YouTube; e-cigarette with Facebook, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and TikTok; and waterpipe smoking with Facebook and TikTok. Interestingly, some platforms, such as Instagram, were associated with reduced cigarette smoking. The relationship between social media activity and health-related outcomes remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion This study highlights the potential negative impact of particular daily social media use on health-related variables, including dietary habits, tobacco use, and depression. Nevertheless, particular daily social media use of some platforms was associated with a potential positive impact on the health-related variables. Social media platforms are tools that can be used to achieve both a positive and negative effect. By knowing which demographic segments have a greater presence on one platform, we are creating opportunities to understand the social phenomena and at the same time use it to reach those segments and communicate with them, because each social media platform has its unique way and framework of user communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser F. BinDhim
- Informed Decision-Making for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. Althumiri
- Informed Decision-Making for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Alasmary
- National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Villarreal-Zegarra D, Barrera-Begazo J, Otazú-Alfaro S, Mayo-Puchoc N, Bazo-Alvarez JC, Huarcaya-Victoria J. Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7, GAD-2) for depression and anxiety diagnosis: a cross-sectional study in a Peruvian hospital population. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076193. [PMID: 37714674 PMCID: PMC10510859 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD) are widely used screening tools, but their sensitivity and specificity in low-income and middle-income countries are lower than in high-income countries. We conducted a study to determine the sensitivity and specificity of different versions of these scales in a Peruvian hospital population. DESIGN Our study has a cross-sectional design. SETTING Our participants are hospitalised patients in a Peruvian hospital. The gold standard was a clinical psychiatric interview following ICD-10 criteria for depression (F32.0, F32.1, F32.2 and F32.3) and anxiety (F41.0 and F41.1). PARTICIPANTS The sample included 1347 participants. A total of 334 participants (24.8%) were diagnosed with depression, and 28 participants (2.1%) were diagnosed with anxiety. RESULTS The PHQ-9's≥7 cut-off point showed the highest simultaneous sensitivity and specificity when contrasted against a psychiatric diagnosis of depression. For a similar contrast against the gold standard, the other optimal cut-off points were: ≥7 for the PHQ-8 and ≥2 for the PHQ-2. In particular, the cut-off point ≥8 had good performance for GAD-7 with sensitivity and specificity, and cut-off point ≥10 had lower levels of sensitivity, but higher levels of specificity, compared with the cut-off point of ≥8. Also, we present the sensitivity and specificity values of each cut-off point in PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2, GAD-7 and GAD-2. We confirmed the adequacy of a one-dimensional model for the PHQ-9, PHQ-8 and GAD-7, while all PHQ and GAD scales showed good reliability. CONCLUSIONS The PHQ and GAD have adequate measurement properties in their different versions. We present specific cut-offs for each version.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarreal-Zegarra
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
- Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
- Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
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Maffoni M, Pierobon A, Fundarò C. MASCoD-Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline. Front Psychol 2022; 13:921062. [PMID: 36533024 PMCID: PMC9748696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a subclinical cognitive impairment that is complained by the individual without being objectively supported at clinical, diagnostic, and neuropsychological levels. It can negatively impact on patient's frailty and quality of life, as well as on the caregiver's burden. Moreover, it can be prodromal to Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia. Although the clinical manifestations of SCD can differ along with several cognitive domains, to date there are only screening tools to investigate subjective memory complaints. Thus, the first aim of this paper is to propose a preliminary English and Italian version of a new screening tool called MASCoD (Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline); the second aim is to propose its preliminary adoption on a pilot sample. This schedule is a brief test derived from the review of the literature and the clinical experience provided by an experts panelist. From pilot tests, it seems promising as it can help the professional to make differential diagnosis and to predict the risk of developing severe cognitive impairment over time, developing a personalized care path. This screening tool is brief, easily embeddable in usual clinical assessment, and administrable by different professionals. Furthermore, following validation, it will allow to collect manifold cognitive manifestations of SCD, addressing the shortage of previous validated instruments globally assessing cognition affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maffoni
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano Institute, Montescano, Italy
| | - Antonia Pierobon
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano Institute, Montescano, Italy
| | - Cira Fundarò
- Neurophysiopatology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano Institute, Montescano, Italy
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Narkkul U, Jiet Ng J, Saraluck A. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Female Sexual Function Index and Female Behavioral Changes: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15565. [PMID: 36497640 PMCID: PMC9740164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sexual health alterations are associated with disasters. Consequently, the COVID-19 pandemic may affect female sexual function. This study aimed to determine the COVID-19 pandemic effect on female sexual function and to know the risk of female sexual dysfunction. This online, cross-sectional, observational research was conducted during the pandemic period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between outcomes and potential risk factors. In total, 432 sexually active women participating in the region affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. The overall findings of our study are that 60 percent of females were at risk for female sexual dysfunction. The average FSFI score was 21.27 ± 7.17. Comparing female sexual behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a significant decrease in the frequency of having sex per week, foreplay duration, and coital duration. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the development of RFSD are age greater than 45 years (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 15.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.67-62.07), body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 (AOR 3.26, 95%CI 1.23-8.67), jobs as a healthcare provider (AOR 8.45, 95%CI 3.66-19.53), previous COVID-19 infection within the previous three months (AOR 36.81, 95%CI 10.93-123.98), and screened-positive anxiety (AOR 13.07, 95%CI 4.75-35.94). COVID-19 influences female sexual behavior and may increase the risk of sexual dysfunction in women. Concern for the effects of female sexual quality of life in high-risk individuals is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomsak Narkkul
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Jun Jiet Ng
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Apisith Saraluck
- Department of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Beauchamp A, Talevski J, Nicholls SJ, Wong Shee A, Martin C, Van Gaal W, Oqueli E, Ananthapavan J, Sharma L, O'Neil A, Brennan-Olsen SL, Jessup RL. Health literacy and long-term health outcomes following myocardial infarction: protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study (ENHEARTEN study). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060480. [PMID: 35523501 PMCID: PMC9083432 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low health literacy is common in people with cardiovascular disease and may be one factor that affects an individual's ability to maintain secondary prevention health behaviours following myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the association between health literacy and longer-term health outcomes in people with MI. The ENhancing HEAlth literacy in secondary pRevenTion of cardiac evENts (ENHEARTEN) study aims to examine the relationship between health literacy and a number of health outcomes (including healthcare costs) in a cohort of patients following their first MI. Findings may provide evidence for the significance of health literacy as a predictor of long-term cardiac outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ENHEARTEN is a multicentre, prospective observational study in a convenience sample of adults (aged >18 years) with their first MI. A total of 450 patients will be recruited over 2 years across two metropolitan health services and one rural/regional health service in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome of this study will be all-cause, unplanned hospital admissions within 6 months of index admission. Secondary outcomes include cardiac-related hospital admissions up to 24 months post-MI, emergency department presentations, health-related quality of life, mortality, cardiac rehabilitation attendance and healthcare costs. Health literacy will be observed as a predictor variable and will be determined using the 12-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-Q12). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for this study has been received from the relevant human research ethics committee (HREC) at each of the participating health services (lead site Monash Health HREC; approval number: RES-21-0000-242A) and Services Australia HREC (reference number: RMS1672). Informed written consent will be sought from all participants. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and collated in reports for participating health services and participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621001224819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Beauchamp
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Talevski
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Wong Shee
- Allied Health, Ballarat Health Services - Grampians Health, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Data Science and AI, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Van Gaal
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ernesto Oqueli
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiology, Ballarat Health Services - Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Jaithri Ananthapavan
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laveena Sharma
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Heart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Training, Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220
| | - Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University - Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Leigh Jessup
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Staying Well Programs, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bisby MA, Karin E, Scott AJ, Dudeney J, Fisher A, Gandy M, Hathway T, Heriseanu AI, Staples L, Titov N, Dear BF. Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item. Pain Pract 2022; 22:478-486. [PMID: 35258171 PMCID: PMC9311649 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Individuals with chronic pain experience anxiety and depressive symptoms at rates higher than the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item (PHQ‐2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item (GAD‐2) are brief screening measures of depression and anxiety, respectively. These brief scales are well‐suited for use in routine care due to their brevity and ease of administration, yet their psychometric properties have not been established in heterogeneous chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet. Materials and Methods Using existing data from randomized controlled trials of an established Internet‐delivered pain management program (n = 1333), we assessed the reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and responsiveness to treatment change in the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2, as well as the long‐form counterparts. Exploratory analyses were conducted to obtain cutoff scores using those participants with diagnostic data (n = 62). Results The PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated appropriate reliability (eg, Cronbach's α = 0.79–0.84), validity (eg, higher scores in individuals with a diagnosis; p < 0.001), and responsiveness to treatment change (eg, pre‐ to post‐treatment scores, p < 0.001). The psychometric properties of the short forms compared well with the longer forms. Cutoff scores on the short forms were consistent with general population samples, while cutoff scores on the long forms were higher than previously observed using general population samples. All four scales favored specificity over sensitivity. Conclusions The PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in the current sample, as did the long forms. Based on our findings, the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 can be used as screening tools with chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyne A Bisby
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eyal Karin
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amelia J Scott
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Dudeney
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alana Fisher
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milena Gandy
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Taylor Hathway
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreea I Heriseanu
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lauren Staples
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nickolai Titov
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Blake F Dear
- eCentreClinic, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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