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de Souza KBR, Almeida Guerra LRD, da Silva Guerreiro ML, Casais-E-Silva LL, Aguiar MC. Nociceptive and histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of ozone therapy on the rat masseter muscle in a carrageenan model of myofascial pain. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 160:105893. [PMID: 38271891 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular ozone therapy on nociception, inflammation, and tissue damage caused by the injection of carrageenan in the masseter muscle of rats. DESIGN Rat masseter muscles were injected with saline or carrageenan. Seventy-seven adult male rats were divided into six groups: Sal, saline; Car, carrageenan; Ibup + Sal, ibuprofen and saline; Ibup + Car, ibuprofen and carrageenan; O3 + Sal, ozone and saline; and O3 + Car, ozone and carrageenan. The mixture of 5% ozone and 95% oxygen (20 µg/mL) was administered three times in the course of a week. Nociceptive responses in the masseter muscles were measured using a head withdrawal threshold, determined by an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. The animals were euthanized one or eight days after the carrageenan injection, and the masseters were submitted to histological and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS Mechanical allodynia and inflammation levels were reduced in the Ibup + Car group compared to the other groups. Myonecrosis was similar among carrageenan-treated groups. Picrosirius red stained sections showed more collagen fibers and more regenerating myofibers in the O3 + Car group compared to the other groups. Eight days after carrageenan injection, the O3 + Car group showed neutrophils close to the regenerating myofibers. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular ozone therapy did not alleviate mechanical allodynia, and it did not protect the masseter muscle against the deleterious effects produced by carrageenan, probably due to the mode of administration of this therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Borges Rocha de Souza
- Laboratory of Orofacial Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lázaro da Silva Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Venomous Animals and Herpetology, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lyra Casais-E-Silva
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcio Cajazeira Aguiar
- Laboratory of Orofacial Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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2
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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Neurochemical mechanism of muscular pain: Insight from the study on delayed onset muscle soreness. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:4. [PMID: 38267849 PMCID: PMC10809664 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by lengthening contractions (LC), suitable for studying myofascial pain syndromes. The muscular mechanical withdrawal threshold (MMWT) decreased 1-3 days after LC in rats. Changing the speed and range of stretching showed that muscle injury seldom occurred, except in extreme conditions, and that DOMS occurred in parameters without muscle damage. The B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) route and COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) route were involved in the development of DOMS. The interactions between these routes occurred at two levels. A repeated-bout effect was observed in MMWT and NGF upregulation, and this study showed that adaptation possibly occurred before B2 bradykinin receptor activation. We have also briefly discussed the prevention and treatment of DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences (IHMMS), Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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3
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Persistent muscle hyperalgesia after adolescent stress is exacerbated by a mild-nociceptive input in adulthood and is associated with microglia activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18324. [PMID: 36316425 PMCID: PMC9622712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a major global disease burden and childhood adversity predisposes to its development. The mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigated if adversity in young rats augments mechanical hyperalgesia and how spinal cord microglia contribute to this. Adolescent rats underwent restraint stress, control animals were handled. In adulthood, all rats received two intramuscular injections of NGF/saline or both into the lumbar multifidus muscle. Stress induced in rats at adolescence lowered low back pressure pain threshold (PPT; p = 0.0001) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT; p = 0.0007). The lowered muscle PPT persisted throughout adulthood (p = 0.012). A subsequent NGF in adulthood lowered only PPT (d = 0.87). Immunohistochemistry revealed changes in microglia morphology: stress followed by NGF induced a significant increase in ameboid state (p < 0.05). Repeated NGF injections without stress showed significantly increased cell size in surveilling and bushy states (p < 0.05). Thus, stress in adolescence induced persistent muscle hyperalgesia that can be enhanced by a mild-nociceptive input. The accompanying morphological changes in microglia differ between priming by adolescent stress and by nociceptive inputs. This novel rodent model shows that adolescent stress is a risk factor for the development of LBP in adulthood and that morphological changes in microglia are signs of spinal mechanisms involved.
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Pressure pain threshold map of thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles after lengthening contractions in young male asymptomatic volunteers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15825. [PMID: 36138196 PMCID: PMC9499944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterise topographic distribution of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles and its change after lengthening contractions (LCs) of the back muscles. Using young male asymptomatic participants in Experiment 1, we systematically examined the distribution of PPTs bilaterally in the range of Th1–L5 at measurement points 2 and 4 cm from the midline. PPTs were found to be higher in the lumbar segments of the paraspinal muscles than in the thoracic segments, and in muscles closer to the vertebrae (2 vs. 4 cm from the midline). The PPTs did not differ between the left and right sides in each segment. In Experiment 2, LC was applied by asking a part of participants recruited in Experiment 1 to fall their trunk from a starting position (parallel to the floor) to 40° flexed position, and then made it back as quickly as possible to the starting position. This cycle was repeated until participants could not keep contractions (30 times/set, 25.4 ± 10.6 sets). PPTs of the LC group decreased prominently in the lower thoracic and lumbar segments, and the decrease was more evident 24 h after LC compared to that 48 h after. In contrast, PPTs in the control group without LC remained unchanged. These results provided broad topographic images of PPTs in the thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles of young male participants with and without LC, and the obtained PPT maps could be a useful guide for better treatment of exercise-induced myofascial pain in the lower back.
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Nagahara R, Suganuma S, Tsuda T, Shibutani T, Enomoto S. Acute effects of dermal suctioning on back pain in racehorses: a pilot study. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Back pain is a common clinical condition that leads to poor performance in racehorses. Therefore, horse owners would benefit from a suitable and effective treatment that results in the early recovery of their horses. Dermal suctioning significantly improves chronic lower back pain in humans. Thus, if a similar effect were to be found in racehorses, it could become a new treatment for back pain in horses. In this study, we examined the acute effects of dermal suctioning on back pain in racehorses. Twelve Thoroughbred racehorses with back pain underwent 10 min of dermal suctioning in the thoracolumbar region. The pain score, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), heart rate variability (HRV), and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured. Results showed that pain scores were significantly improved immediately after dermal suctioning (P=0.028), while MNT, HRV, and plasma cortisol concentrations did not show significant changes (P>0.05). These results indicate that dermal suctioning immediately relieves pain but has a limited effect on the other three parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Suganuma
- Northern Farm Tenei, Fukushima 962-0516, Japan
| | - T. Tsuda
- Northern Farm, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| | - T. Shibutani
- Institute of Sports Sciences, International Pacific University, Okayama 709-0863, Japan
- MJ Company K.K., Okayama 700-0953, Japan
| | - S. Enomoto
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama 244-8539, Japan
- Institute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Cao Y. Occlusal disharmony and chronic oro-facial pain: from clinical observation to animal study. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:116-124. [PMID: 34333797 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occlusion can be viewed as the most sensitive susceptor of the central nervous system in the oro-facial region. Its inalienable relationships to the temporomandibular joint, the muscles, the stomatognathic system and even the central nervous system are self-evident. Almost all the dental treatments inevitably change the occlusion, potentially or actually, locally or extensively, and immediately or gradually. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to present a narrative literature on occlusal disharmony and chronic oro-facial pain. METHODS Literature reviews focusing on clinical studies about the relationship between occlusal disharmony and myofascial oro-facial pain, and related preclinical studies about the animal models of, as well as the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying this condition related to, occlusal disharmony were used as starting point and guidelines to describe the topics mentioned. A search of the PubMed database was performed mainly with the following search terms: "occlusion," "occlusal interference," "occlusal disharmony," "occlusal change," "oro-facial pain" and "myofascial pain." RESULTS Relevant literature from the past 70 years until the present day was meticulously studied. The literature review together with three related characteristic clinical cases revealed an intimate association between occlusal disharmony and chronic oro-facial pain, involving pathological changes, extending from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system. The patients suffered from psychological distress, sleep disturbance and poor life quality. CONCLUSION Occlusal disharmony-related oro-facial pain is a clinical problem that deserves attention, although there are no universally accepted clinical protocols. The existing literature provides some constructive suggestions, but further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Zicarelli CAM, Santos JPM, Poli-Frederico RC, Silva RA, Barrilec F, Barrette G, Iida LM, Russo PP, Larangeira LLS, Fernandes MTP, Fernandes KBP. Reliability of pressure pain threshold to discriminate individuals with neck and low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:363-370. [PMID: 33459693 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure pain threshold (PPT) is decreased in several musculoskeletal disorders, giving indirect evidence regarding pain status. Despite the fact that PPT has been already proven to be reliable in patients with acute conditions, there is great variability of methods and results observed within studies, and only a few evidences confirming its reliability in chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of PPT in the neck and low back regions to discriminate individuals with neck or low back pain from healthy individuals. Additionally, one secondary aim was to establish the minimum detectable change (MDC) and the standard error of measurement for future clinical studies and interventions. METHODS In this reliability study, 74 individuals (15 individuals from the neck pain and 17 from the neck control group; 21 individuals from the low back pain and 21 from the low back control group). PPT was measured in the neck region (suboccipital, trapezius and supraspinal muscles) and in the lower back region (paraspinal muscles in the levels of L1, L3 and L5). Intrarater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coeficient and Bland-Altman. RESULTS Excellent intra-rater reliability was observed for both (ICC of 0.874 for the neck pain versus ICC of 0.895 in neck control group; ICC of 0.932 for the low back pain group versus ICC of 0.839 for the control group). A small bias was observed for all groups (-0.08 for the neck pain group versus 0.10 in the control group; and 0.32 in low back pain group versus 0.44 in the control group). Minimum detectable change of 0.63 kgf of neck pain and 1.21 kgf of low back pain was calculated. It was found difference in PPT between pain and control groups (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION It may be suggested that the protocol with PPT is reliable and able to discriminate individuals with and without neck and low back pain with a minor measurement error. Therefore, this method may be used to detect possible progress after interventions in patients with neck or low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A M Zicarelli
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Santos
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens A Silva
- Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences UEL/UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Physiotherapy Program, Department of Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ligia M Iida
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscilla P Russo
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karen B P Fernandes
- Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences UEL/UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Institute of Education, Research and Inovation, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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8
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de Azambuja G, Jorge CO, Gomes BB, Lourenço HR, Simabuco FM, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. Regular swimming exercise prevented the acute and persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia by modulation of macrophages phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines via PPARγ receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:462-476. [PMID: 33964434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active individuals are less likely to develop chronic pain, and physical exercise is an established strategy to control inflammatory diseases. Here, we hypothesized that 1) peripheral pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype contribute to predisposition of the musculoskeletal to chronic pain, and that 2) activation of PPARγ receptors, modulation of macrophage phenotypes and cytokines through physical exercise would prevent persistent muscle pain. We tested these hypotheses using swimming exercise, pharmacological and immunochemical techniques in a rodent model of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. Swimming prevented the persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia most likely through activation of PPARγ receptors, as well as activation of PPARγ receptors by 15d-PGJ2 and depletion of muscle macrophages in sedentary animals. Acute and persistent muscle hyperalgesia were characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype, and swimming and the 15d-PGJ2 prevented this increase and increased anti-inflammatory macrophages phenotype. Finally, IL-1β concentration in muscle increased in the acute phase, which was also prevented by PPARγ receptors activation through swimming. Besides, swimming increased muscle concentration of IL-10 in both acute and chronic phases, but only in the persistent phase through PPARγ receptors. Our findings suggest physical exercise activates PPARγ receptors and increases anti-inflammatory responses in the muscle tissue by modulating macrophages phenotypes and cytokines, thereby preventing the establishment of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. These results further highlight the potential of physical exercise to prevent chronic muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana de Azambuja
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Jorge
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz B Gomes
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hayla R Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Mo SY, Bai SS, Xu XX, Liu Y, Fu KY, Sessle BJ, Cao Y, Xie QF. Astrocytes in the rostral ventromedial medulla contribute to the maintenance of oro-facial hyperalgesia induced by late removal of dental occlusal interference. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:207-218. [PMID: 34042200 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) contribute to descending pain modulation, but their role in oro-facial pain induced by persistent experimental dental occlusal interference (PEOI) or following EOI removal (REOI) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the involvement of RVM astrocytes in PEOI-induced oro-facial hyperalgesia or its maintenance following REOI. METHODS Male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: sham-EOI, postoperative day 6 and 14 of PEOI (PEOI 6 d and PEOI 14 d), postoperative day 6 following REOI on day 3 (REOI 3 d) and postoperative day 14 following REOI on day 8 (REOI 8 d). The nociceptive head withdrawal threshold (HWT) and activities of RVM ON- or OFF-cells were recorded before and after intra-RVM astrocyte gap junction blocker carbenoxolone (CBX) microinjection. RVM astrocytes were labelled immunohistochemically with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and analysed semi-quantitatively. RESULTS Persistent experimental dental occlusal interference-induced oro-facial hyperalgesia, as reflected in decreased HWTs, was partially inhibited by REOI at day 3 but not at day 8 after EOI placement. Increased GFAP-staining area occurred only in REOI 8 d group in which CBX could inhibit the maintained hyperalgesia; CBX was ineffective in inhibiting hyperalgesia in PEOI 14 d group. OFF-cell activities showed no change, but the spontaneous activity and responses of ON-cells were significantly enhanced that could be suppressed by CBX in REOI 8 d group. CONCLUSION Rostral ventromedial medulla astrocytes may not participate in PEOI-induced oro-facial hyperalgesia or hyperalgesia inhibition by early REOI but are involved in the maintenance of oro-facial hyperalgesia by late REOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Mo
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Bai
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Xu
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Fu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Barry J Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Cao
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Fei Xie
- Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Rat dorsal horn neurons primed by stress develop a long-lasting manifest sensitization after a short-lasting nociceptive low back input. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e904. [PMID: 33688602 PMCID: PMC7935483 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A single injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into a low back muscle induces a latent sensitization of rat dorsal horn neurons (DHNs) that primes for a manifest sensitization by a subsequent second NGF injection. Repeated restraint stress also causes a latent DHN sensitization. Objective In this study, we investigated whether repeated restraint stress followed by a single NGF injection causes a manifest sensitization of DHNs. Methods Rats were stressed repeatedly in a narrow plastic restrainer (1 hour on 12 consecutive days). Control animals were handled but not restrained. Two days after stress paradigm, behavioral tests and electrophysiological in vivo recordings from single DHNs were performed. Mild nociceptive low back input was induced by a single NGF injection into the lumbar multifidus muscle just before the recording started. Results Restraint stress slightly lowered the low back pressure pain threshold (Cohen d = 0.83). Subsequent NGF injection increased the proportion of neurons responsive to deep low back input (control + NGF: 14%, stress + NGF: 39%; P = 0.041), mostly for neurons with input from outside the low back (7% vs 26%; P = 0.081). There was an increased proportion of neurons with resting activity (28% vs 55%; P = 0.039), especially in neurons having deep input (0% vs 26%; P = 0.004). Conclusions The results indicate that stress followed by a short-lasting nociceptive input causes manifest sensitization of DHNs to deep input, mainly from tissue outside the low back associated with an increased resting activity. These findings on neuronal mechanisms in our rodent model suggest how stress might predispose to radiating pain in patients.
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Murase S, Kobayashi K, Nasu T, Kihara C, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Synergistic interaction of nerve growth factor and glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor in muscular mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. J Physiol 2021; 599:1783-1798. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Murase
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya 663–8501 Japan
| | - Teruaki Nasu
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
| | - Chiaki Kihara
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Rehabilitation Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata 950–3198 Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata 950–3198 Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy College of Life Sciences Chubu University Kasugai 487–8501 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
- Department of Physiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101–8310 Japan
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Evans DW, De Nunzio AM. Controlled manual loading of body tissues: towards the next generation of pressure algometer. Chiropr Man Therap 2020; 28:51. [PMID: 33012288 PMCID: PMC7534174 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-020-00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the responses of body tissue subjected to mechanical load is a fundamental component of the clinical examination, psychophysical assessments and bioengineering research. The forces applied during such assessments are usually generated manually, via the hands of the tester, and aimed at discreet tissue sites. It is therefore desirable to objectively quantify and optimise the control of manually applied force. However, current laboratory-grade manual devices and commercial software packages, in particular pressure algometer systems, are generally inflexible and expensive. This paper introduces and discusses several principles that should be implemented as design goals within a flexible, generic software application, given currently available force measurement hardware. We also discuss pitfalls that clinicians and researchers might face when using current pressure algometer systems and provide examples of these. Finally, we present our implementation of a pressure algometer system that achieves these goals in an efficient and affordable way for researchers and clinicians. As part of this effort, we will be sharing our configurable software application via a software repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davidk W Evans
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,Research Centre, University College of Osteopathy, 275 Borough High Street, London, SE1 1JE, UK.
| | - Alessandro Marco De Nunzio
- LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, 50, avenue du Parc des Sports, L-4671, Differdange, Luxembourg
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13
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Swimming Physical Training Prevented the Onset of Acute Muscle Pain by a Mechanism Dependent of PPARγ Receptors and CINC-1. Neuroscience 2020; 427:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A dual role for peripheral GDNF signaling in nociception and cardiovascular reflexes in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:698-707. [PMID: 31848242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910905116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group III/IV muscle afferents transduce nociceptive signals and modulate exercise pressor reflexes (EPRs). However, the mechanisms governing afferent responsiveness to dually modulate these processes are not well characterized. We and others have shown that ischemic injury can induce both nociception-related behaviors and exacerbated EPRs in the same mice. This correlated with primary muscle afferent sensitization and increased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in injured muscle and increased expression of GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here, we report that increased GDNF/GFRα1 signaling to sensory neurons from ischemia/reperfusion-affected muscle directly modulated nociceptive-like behaviors and increased exercise-mediated reflexes and group III/IV muscle afferent sensitization. This appeared to have taken effect through increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding (CREB)/CREB binding protein-mediated expression of the purinergic receptor P2X5 in the DRGs. Muscle GDNF signaling to neurons may, therefore, play an important dual role in nociception and sympathetic reflexes and could provide a therapeutic target for treating complications from ischemic injuries.
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15
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Melia M, Geissler B, König J, Ottersbach HJ, Umbreit M, Letzel S, Muttray A. Pressure pain thresholds: Subject factors and the meaning of peak pressures. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:167-182. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melia
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Britta Geissler
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics Division Biostatistics and Bioinformatics University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Hans Jürgen Ottersbach
- Institute for Occupational Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance Sankt Augustin Germany
| | - Matthias Umbreit
- BGHM (Expert Committee Woodworking and Metalworking of the German Insurance Association) Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Axel Muttray
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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16
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Hayashi K, Ikemoto T, Ueno T, Arai YCP, Shimo K, Nishihara M, Suzuki S, Ushida T. Discordant Relationship Between Evaluation of Facial Expression and Subjective Pain Rating Due to the Low Pain Magnitude. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:43-50. [PMID: 29942439 PMCID: PMC6015640 DOI: 10.29252/nirp.bcn.9.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Facial expression to pain is an important pain indicator; however, facial movements look unresponsive when perceiving mild pain. The present study investigates whether pain magnitude modulates the relationship between subjective pain rating and an observer's evaluation of facial expression. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited to obtain 108 samples for pain rating with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Subjects underwent three different mechanical painful stimuli (monofilament forces of 100 g, 300 g, and 600 g) over three sessions and their facial expressions were videotaped throughout all sessions. Three observers independently evaluated facial expression of the subjects with a four-point categorical scale (no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain). The correlations between subjective pain ratings and the evaluation of facial expression were analyzed in dichotomous group which was low pain ratings (VAS<30), or high pain rating (VAS≥30). Results Subjective pain ratings was significantly correlated with the evaluation of facial expression in high pain ratings, however no correlation was found between them in mild pain ratings. In mild pain ratings, most of the subjects (78%) were rated as no pain by observers, despite the fact that subjects reported pain. Conclusion The results suggest that the evaluation of facial expression of pain was difficult for the observer to detect pain severity when the subjects feel mild pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Ikemoto
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Institute of Physical Fitness Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Kyushu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shimo
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Institute of Physical Fitness Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Suzuki
- Program in Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushida
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Institute of Physical Fitness Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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de Azambuja G, Hortscht U, Hoheisel U, Oliveira Fusaro MC, Mense S, Treede RD. Short-term swimming exercise attenuates the sensitization of dorsal horn neurons in rats with NGF-induced low back pain. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:1409-1418. [PMID: 29635722 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise has been shown to be an effective therapy for non-specific low back pain. The study investigated if swimming exercise is a means to reduce the spinal sensitization in an animal model of non-specific low back pain. METHODS In deeply anesthetized rats, dorsal horn neurons were recorded in spinal segment L2. To induce sensitization of dorsal horn neurons, two injections of nerve growth factor were made into the lumbar multifidus muscle at an interval of 5 days. Swimming exercise for 30 min was performed on the 5 days between both NGF injections. A control group received the NGF injections without exercise treatment. RESULTS Swimming exercise caused a significant decrease in the NGF-induced hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons. Compared to control, the proportion of neurons with input from deep somatic tissues and of convergent neurons with input from at least two types of different tissues decreased significantly (50% vs. 25% and 37% vs. 15%; both p < 0.05). Swimming exercise also reduced the NGF-induced increase in neuronal resting activity. Both the proportion of active neurons and the mean discharge frequency of all neurons decreased significantly (60%, 76.3 ± 23.1 imp/min; vs. 25%, 51.7 ± 35.1 imp/min; both p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In our animal model of low back pain, short-term swimming exercise effectively reduced the latent sensitization of spinal dorsal horn neurons. Swimming exercise decreased the hyperexcitability of the neurons to low back input and lowered the resting activity of sensitized neurons. SIGNIFICANCE Physical exercise is a common treatment for low back pain. The possible mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise are probably multifold. This work shows that swimming exercise prevents sensitization of dorsal horn neurons, which may be one mechanism for the positive effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Azambuja
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - U Hortscht
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - U Hoheisel
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M C Oliveira Fusaro
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - S Mense
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R-D Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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18
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Individual Variation in Pain Sensitivity and Conditioned Pain Modulation in Acute Low Back Pain: Effect of Stimulus Type, Sleep, and Psychological and Lifestyle Factors. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:942.e1-942.e18. [PMID: 29597080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalized hyperalgesia and impaired pain modulation are reported in chronic low back pain (LBP). Few studies have tested whether these features are present in the acute phase. This study aimed to test for differences in pain presentation in early-acute LBP and evaluate the potential contribution of other factors to variation in sensitivity. Individuals within 2 weeks of onset of acute LBP (n = 126) and pain-free controls (n = 74) completed questionnaires related to their pain, disability, behavior, and psychological status before undergoing conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and pain threshold (heat, cold, and pressure) testing at the back and forearm/thumb. LBP participants were more sensitive to heat and cold at both sites and pressure at the back than controls, without differences in CPM. Only those with high-pain (numeric rating scale ≥4) were more sensitive to heat at the forearm and pressure at the back. Four subgroups with distinct features were identified: "high sensitivity," "low CPM efficacy," "high sensitivity/low CPM efficacy," and "low sensitivity/high CPM efficacy." Various factors such as sleep and alcohol were associated with each pain measure. Results provide evidence for generalized hyperalgesia in many, but not all, individuals during acute LBP, with variation accounted for by several factors. Specific pain phenotypes provide candidate features to test in longitudinal studies of LBP outcome. PERSPECTIVE Sensory changes indicative of increased/decreased central processing of pain and nociceptive input presented differently between individuals with acute LBP and were related to factors such as sleep and alcohol. This may underlie variation in outcome and suggest potential for early identification of individuals with poor long-term outcome.
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19
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Walsh R, Kinsella S, McEvoy J. The effects of dry needling and radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on latent trigger point sensitivity in the quadriceps: A randomised control pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 23:82-88. [PMID: 30691767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Latent myofascial trigger points (TrP) can alter joint kinematics, reduce strength and alter activation patterns, affecting athletic performance. TrP sensitivity can be measured with the pressure pain threshold (PPT). Dry needling (DN) has been used to treat latent TrPs, but may cause post-needling soreness. Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) could be used as an alternative to DN during heavy training or competition. METHODS After baseline measures, 21 recreational athletes were split into three groups: DN, rESWT or control group, and were treated for three sessions in one week. Follow-up outcome sessions were conducted two to four and seven days after the last treatment. TrP sensitivity was measured using the PPT. RESULTS There was a groupXtime interaction for the PPT (p < 0.05). After a decrease in PPT during treating, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in PPT for the DN group (12.92%). The rESWT group also significantly (p < 0.05) increased (13.26%), but did not show any post-treatment soreness during the treatment phase. There was no difference in the PPT in the control group during any session. CONCLUSION DN is effective for increasing PPT of latent TrPs, but can be associated with post-treatment soreness. rESWT is as effective, but without the post-treatment soreness. Future studies should include treating multiple TrPs in the lower kinetic chain as well as measuring muscle activation and joint function. Furthermore, consideration for the current training load and up-coming competition is needed. Optimum timing and longer follow-up periods of such interventions should be explored. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. SUMMARY Treating latent TrPs in the lower kinetic chain may improve muscle activation. Unlike DN, rESWT does not cause post- treatment soreness. Consideration of training load and up-coming competition is needed to deliver the optimum treatment strategy for athletes with latent TrPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Walsh
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland; HealthCORE, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland.
| | - Sharon Kinsella
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland; HealthCORE, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
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20
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Walsh R, Kinsella S, McEvoy J. The intra-rater reliability of locating and measuring the severity of latent trigger points in the quadriceps. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:926-932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Santos DFDSD, Melo Aquino BD, Jorge CO, Azambuja GD, Schiavuzzo JG, Krimon S, Neves JDS, Parada CA, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. Muscle pain induced by static contraction in rats is modulated by peripheral inflammatory mechanisms. Neuroscience 2017; 358:58-69. [PMID: 28673715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle pain is an important health issue and frequently related to static force exertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether peripheral inflammatory mechanisms are involved with static contraction-induced muscle pain in rats. To this end, we developed a model of muscle pain induced by static contraction performed by applying electrical pulses through electrodes inserted into muscle. We also evaluated the involvement of neutrophil migration, bradykinin, sympathetic amines and prostanoids. A single session of sustained static contraction of gastrocnemius muscle induced acute mechanical muscle hyperalgesia without affecting locomotor activity and with no evidence of structural damage in muscle tissue. Static contraction increased levels of creatine kinase but not lactate dehydrogenase, and induced neutrophil migration. Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent), DALBK (bradykinin B1 antagonist), Atenolol (β1 adrenoceptor antagonist), ICI 118,551 (β2 adrenoceptor antagonist), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and fucoidan (non-specific selectin inhibitor) all reduced static contraction-induced muscle hyperalgesia; however, the bradykinin B2 antagonist, bradyzide, did not have an effect on static contraction-induced muscle hyperalgesia. Furthermore, an increased hyperalgesic response was observed when the selective bradykinin B1 agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin was injected into the previously stimulated muscle. Together, these findings demonstrate that static contraction induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia in gastrocnemius muscle of rats is modulated through peripheral inflammatory mechanisms that are dependent on neutrophil migration, bradykinin, sympathetic amines and prostanoids. Considering the clinical relevance of muscle pain, we propose the present model of static contraction-induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia as a useful tool for the study of mechanisms underlying static contraction-induced muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Francisco da Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Melo Aquino
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ocanha Jorge
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graciana de Azambuja
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jalile Garcia Schiavuzzo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzy Krimon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Neves
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Limeira 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Pongratz U, Licka T. Algometry to measure pain threshold in the horse's back - An in vivo and in vitro study. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:80. [PMID: 28356118 PMCID: PMC5372265 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to provide information on algometric transmission of pressure through the dorsal thoracolumbar tissues of the equine back. Using a commercially available algometer, measurements were carried out with six different tips (hemispheric and cylindrical surfaces, contact areas 0.5 cm2, 1 cm2, and 2 cm2). In nine live horses the threshold of pressure that lead to any reaction was documented. In postmortem specimens of five euthanized horses the transmission of algometer pressure onto a pressure sensor placed underneath the dorsal thoracolumbar tissues at the level of the ribs or the transverse lumbar processes respectively was measured. Results Algometer tips with a contact area of 1 cm2 led to widely similar results irrespective of the surface shape; these measurements also had the lowest variance. Contact areas of 0.5 cm2 resulted in a lower pressure threshold, and those of 2 cm2 resulted in a higher pressure threshold. The hemispheric shape of the contact area resulted in a higher pressure threshold, than the cylindrical contact area. Compared to the thoracic region, a significantly higher pressure threshold was found in the lumbar region in the live horses. This result corresponds to the increased tissue thickness in the lumbar region compared to the thoracic region, also documented as less pressure transmission in the lumbar region on the in vitro specimens. Conclusions Algometry is an easily practicable and well tolerated method to quantify pain but it is important to consider the many factors influencing the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Pongratz
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Licka
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
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23
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Watanabe N, Hotta H. Heart Rate Changes in Response to Mechanical Pressure Stimulation of Skeletal Muscles Are Mediated by Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:614. [PMID: 28119562 PMCID: PMC5222799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of mechanoreceptors in skeletal muscles such as contraction and stretch elicits reflexive autonomic nervous system changes which impact cardiovascular control. There are pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors in skeletal muscles. Mechanical pressure stimulation of skeletal muscles can induce reflex changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, although the neural mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. We examined the contribution of cardiac autonomic nerves to HR responses induced by mechanical pressure stimulation (30 s, ~10 N/cm2) of calf muscles in isoflurane-anesthetized rats. Animals were artificially ventilated and kept warm using a heating pad and lamp, and respiration and core body temperature were maintained within physiological ranges. Mechanical stimulation was applied using a stimulation probe 6 mm in diameter with a flat surface. Cardiac sympathetic and vagus nerves were blocked to test the contribution of the autonomic nerves. For sympathetic nerve block, bilateral stellate ganglia, and cervical sympathetic nerves were surgically sectioned, and for vagus nerve block, the nerve was bilaterally severed. In addition, mass discharges of cardiac sympathetic efferent nerve were electrophysiologically recorded. Mechanical stimulation increased or decreased HR in autonomic nerve-intact rats (range: −56 to +10 bpm), and the responses were negatively correlated with pre-stimulus HR (r = −0.65, p = 0.001). Stimulation-induced HR responses were markedly attenuated by blocking the cardiac sympathetic nerve (range: −9 to +3 bpm, p < 0.0001) but not the vagus nerve (range: −75 to +30 bpm, p = 0.17). In the experiments with cardiac sympathetic efferent nerve activity recordings, mechanical stimulation increased, or decreased the frequency of sympathetic nerve activity in parallel with HR (r = 0.77, p = 0.0004). Furthermore, the changes in sympathetic nerve activity were negatively correlated with its tonic level (r = −0.62, p = 0.0066). These results suggest that cardiac sympathetic nerve activity regulates HR responses to muscle mechanical pressure stimulation and the direction of HR responses depends on the tonic level of the nerve activity, i.e., bradycardia occurs when the tonic activity is high and tachycardia occurs when the activity is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Dorron SL, Losco BE, Drummond PD, Walker BF. Effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on local and remote pressure pain threshold and pinprick sensitivity in asymptomatic individuals: a randomised trial. Chiropr Man Therap 2016; 24:47. [PMID: 27980726 PMCID: PMC5137207 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-016-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of clinical pain relief associated with spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine whether lumbar high-velocity low-amplitude SMT altered pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pinprick sensitivity (PPS) locally and remotely, how long any change lasted (up to 30 min), and whether changes related to the side of SMT. METHODS Thirty-four asymptomatic participants (mean age 22.6 years ±4.0) received a right- or left-sided lumbar SMT. PPT and PPS were measured bilaterally at the calf, lumbar spine, scapula, and forehead before and immediately, 10, 20, and 30 min after intervention. Data were collected between October 2014 and June 2015. RESULTS Bilateral calf and lumbar spine PPT increased significantly after 10 - 20 min and was maintained at 30 min (7.2-11.8 % increase). PPS decreased significantly in all locations at various times (9.8 - 22.5 % decrease). At the calf and lumbar spine, PPT increased slightly more ipsilateral to the SMT than contralateral. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar SMT reduced deep pressure sensitivity locally and in the lower limbs for at least 30 min, whereas sensitivity to pinprick was reduced systemically. These findings suggest that SMT specifically inhibits deep pressure sensitivity distally. These findings are novel compared to other lumbar SMT studies, and may reflect a local spinal or complex supraspinal analgesic mechanism. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000682640).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha L Dorron
- Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6155 Australia
| | - Barrett E Losco
- Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6155 Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6155 Australia
| | - Bruce F Walker
- Discipline of Chiropractic, School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6155 Australia
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25
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Chantelau EA. Conventional deep pressure algometry is not suitable for clinical assessment of nociception in painless diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Foot Ankle 2016; 7:31922. [PMID: 27702429 PMCID: PMC5045473 DOI: 10.3402/dfa.v7.31922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In diabetic persons with painless neuropathic foot ulceration, foot skin was found to be insensate to noxious pinprick stimulation (stimulation area less than 0.05 mm2), while compression of deep subcutaneous foot tissues by Algometer II® (stimulation area 1 cm2) could evoke a deep dull aching. To elucidate this discrepancy, the Algometer II stimulation technique was critically reviewed by varying probe sizes and anatomical sites in the same study population 3 years later. Methods Ten control subjects without neuropathy and 11 persons with painless diabetic neuropathy (PLDN, seven of whom with diabetic foot syndrome, i.e., past painless foot ulcer, or inactive Charcot arthropathy) were re-examined using Algometer II. Deep pressure pain perception threshold (DPPPT) was measured in random sequence with stimulation areas of 0.5 cm2, 1 cm2, and 2 cm2 (separated by 5 min intervals), at the plantar forefoot, the instep, and the hindfoot of both legs. Results In the control and PLDN groups, median DPPPTs differed significantly between stimulation areas (highest with 0.5 cm2, intermediate with 1 cm2, lowest with 2 cm2; p<0.001), and varied moderately by anatomical site. Between-group differences were relatively small. Results of the 1 cm2 assessments repeated 3 years apart were similar. Conclusions Algometer II readings represent spatial summation of low-threshold pressure-receptor rather than of high-threshold nociceptor stimulation and are, thus, unhelpful for assessing PLDN. Reproducibility of the measurements is good.
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Hayashi K, Ikemoto T, Ueno T, Arai YCP, Shimo K, Nishihara M, Suzuki S, Ushida T. Higher pain rating results in lower variability of somatosensory cortex activation by painful mechanical stimuli: An fMRI study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1923-8. [PMID: 26971472 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to find pain-related brain activity which corresponds to self-report pain ratings based on degree of response and repeatability. METHODS Three painful mechanical stimuli were applied to the right hands of 25 healthy volunteers using monofilaments (forces of 0.98N, 2.94N, and 5.88N). Simultaneously, brain activities were evaluated using functional MRI for a constant stimulus conducted three times in a session. In first assessment, the average percent signal change (PSC) of neuronal response was measured for each region of interest (ROI), secondary repeatability of PSC conducted three times over the session was evaluated for each ROI. RESULTS Although the average PSCs for trice stimuli conducted in one session increased in accordance with pain ratings in the somatosensory cortex (S1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), there was a different response between S1 and ACC when subjects rated intense pain; a stable response in S1 against a variable response in ACC. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that there are different cognitive responses between sensory discrimination and affective component to constant painful stimulus each time. SIGNIFICANCE Consistency of brain activity based on PSC may be an important biomarker which, along with its neuronal activity, gauges self-report pain ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Ikemoto
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shimo
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyuki Suzuki
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushida
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Delayed onset muscle soreness: Involvement of neurotrophic factors. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:43-52. [PMID: 26467448 PMCID: PMC10716961 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is quite a common consequence of unaccustomed strenuous exercise, especially exercise containing eccentric contraction (lengthening contraction, LC). Its typical sign is mechanical hyperalgesia (tenderness and movement related pain). Its cause has been commonly believed to be micro-damage of the muscle and subsequent inflammation. Here we present a brief historical overview of the damage-inflammation theory followed by a discussion of our new findings. Different from previous observations, we have observed mechanical hyperalgesia in rats 1-3 days after LC without any apparent microscopic damage of the muscle or signs of inflammation. With our model we have found that two pathways are involved in inducing mechanical hyperalgesia after LC: activation of the B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway and activation of the COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) pathway. These neurotrophic factors were produced by muscle fibers and/or satellite cells. This means that muscle fiber damage is not essential, although it is sufficient, for induction of DOMS, instead, NGF and GDNF produced by muscle fibers/satellite cells play crucial roles in DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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Manafi-Khanian B, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. An MRI-based leg model used to simulate biomechanical phenomena during cuff algometry: a finite element study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:315-24. [PMID: 25916888 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cuff pressure stimulation is applicable for assessing deep-tissue pain sensitivity by exciting a variety of deep-tissue nociceptors. In this study, the relative transfer of biomechanical stresses and strains from the cuff via the skin to the muscle and the somatic tissue layers around bones were investigated. Cuff pressure was applied on the lower leg at three different stimulation intensities (mild pressure to pain). Three-dimensional finite element models including bones and three different layers of deep tissues were developed based on magnetic resonance images (MRI). The skin indentation maps at mild pressure, pain threshold, and intense painful stimulations were extracted from MRI and applied to the model. The mean stress under the cuff position around tibia was 4.6, 4.9 and around fibula 14.8, 16.4 times greater than mean stress of muscle surface in the same section at pain threshold and intense painful stimulations, respectively. At the same stimulation intensities, the mean strains around tibia were 36.4, 42.3 % and around fibula 32.9, 35.0 %, respectively, of mean strain on the muscle surface. Assuming strain as the ideal stimulus for nociceptors the results suggest that cuff algometry is less capable to challenge the nociceptors of tissues around bones as compared to more superficially located muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Manafi-Khanian
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D-3, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D-3, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D-3, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Matsuda T, Kubo A, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. ATP decreases mechanical sensitivity of muscle thin-fiber afferents in rats. Neurosci Res 2015; 97:36-44. [PMID: 25862944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ATP is an energy rich substance contained in cells in the order of mM. It is released when cells are damaged and when muscle is compressed or contracted. Subcutaneous injection of ATP induces pain-related behavior and hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimulation in rats. However, the effects of ATP in muscle have not been fully studied. In the present study we examined the effects of ATP on muscle C-fiber afferent activities using single fiber recordings, and on nociceptive behavior. Muscle C-fiber activities were recorded in vitro using extensor digitorum longus muscle-common peroneal nerve preparations excised from rats deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital. ATP (100 μM and 1 mM, but not 1 μM) superfused for 5 min before the mechanical stimulation suppressed the mechanical responses of muscle thin fibers irrespective of whether they excited the fiber. This suppressive effect was reversed by P2X receptor antagonists PPADS (100 μM) and suramin (300 μM). We also found that subcutaneous injection of ATP (10 mM) induced nociceptive behavior, whereas intramuscular injection had no effect. These findings showed that effects of ATP on muscle afferents differ from those on cutaneous afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teru Matsuda
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Asako Kubo
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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Hoheisel U, Vogt MA, Palme R, Gass P, Mense S. Immobilization stress sensitizes rat dorsal horn neurons having input from the low back. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:861-70. [PMID: 25690929 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is known to promote several forms of muscle pain including non-specific low back pain. However, the question if stress alone activates nociceptive central neurons has not been studied systematically. Here, we investigated the influence of repeated immobilization stress on dorsal horn neurons and behaviour in the rat. METHODS The stress consisted of immobilization in a narrow tube for 1 h on 12 days. Single dorsal horn neurons were recorded with microelectrodes introduced into the spinal segment L2. In this segment, about 14% of the neurons responded to mechanical stimulation of the subcutaneous soft tissues of the low back in naïve rats. The neurons often behaved like wide dynamic range cells in that they had a low mechanical threshold and showed graded responses to noxious stimuli. RESULTS The stress-induced changes in neuronal response behaviour were (1) appearance of new receptive fields in the deep tissues of the hindlimb, (2) increased input from deep soft tissues, but unchanged input from the skin and (3) significant increase in resting activity. Surprisingly, the pressure-pain threshold of the low back remained unchanged, although dorsal horn neurons were sensitized. In the open field test, the rats showed signs of increased anxiety. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that stress alone is sufficient to sensitize dorsal horn neurons. The data may explain the enhanced pain low back patients report when they are under stress. The increased resting discharge may lead to spontaneous pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hoheisel
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Hayashi K, Ikemoto T, Ueno T, Arai YCP, Shimo K, Nishihara M, Suzuki S, Ushida T. Regional differences of repeatability on visual analogue scale with experimental mechanical pain stimuli. Neurosci Lett 2014; 585:67-71. [PMID: 25432024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain-VAS is quite subjective as a scale, but has a tendency to assume differences in repeatability in accordance with perceived pain intensity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the repeatability of regional differences with ratings of pain-VAS. Three experimental mechanical stimuli were applied to twenty seven healthy volunteers across four sessions over four weeks within individuals. The same stimuli were also simultaneously measured in the same manner with an electric balance. The magnitude of mechanical stimuli was determined by 100 g, 300 g, and 600 g monofilaments. Standard deviations (SDs) across measurements with an electric balance showed a regular increase with stimulus magnitude, while coefficient variations (CVs) were constant in each stimulus. On the other hand, although SDs across pain-VAS measurements were significantly greater with the 300 g filament than with the 100 g and 600 g filaments, CVs showed a regular decrease in magnitude of stimulus. These results showed that the CVs of repeated measurement with electric balance were consistent regardless of stimulus intensity, in contrast, CVs of pain-VAS decreased with greater pain rating averaged by repeated measurement. These results suggest that a low rating in pain-VAS is inherently less objective, indicating poor repeatability. In contrast, a high rating in pain-VAS is more objective with better repeatability for experimental pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Ikemoto
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Japan
| | - Young-Chang P Arai
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimo
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy Program in Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Health Science, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushida
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 yazako karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Institute of Physical Fitness, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Schiavuzzo JG, Teixeira JM, Melo B, da Silva dos Santos DF, Jorge CO, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG, Parada CA. Muscle hyperalgesia induced by peripheral P2X3 receptors is modulated by inflammatory mediators. Neuroscience 2014; 285:24-33. [PMID: 25446353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ATP, via activation of P2X3 receptors, has been highlighted as a key target in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm whether the activation of P2X3 receptors in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats induces mechanical muscle hyperalgesia and, if so, to analyze the involvement of the classical inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, prostaglandins, sympathetic amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil migration) in this response. Intramuscular administration of the non-selective P2X3 receptor agonist α,β-meATP in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia, which, in turn, was prevented by the selective P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors antagonist A-317491, the selective bradykinin B1-receptor antagonist Des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK (DALBK), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the β1- or β2-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol and ICI 118,551, respectively. Also, the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan. α,β-meATP induced increases in the local concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which were reduced by bradykinin antagonist. Finally, α,β-meATP also induced neutrophil migration. Together, these findings suggest that α,β-meATP induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats via activation of peripheral P2X3 receptors, which involves bradykinin, prostaglandins, sympathetic amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines release and neutrophil migration. It is also indicated that bradykinin is the key modulator of the mechanical muscle hyperalgesia induced by P2X3 receptors. Therefore, we suggest that P2X3 receptors are important targets to control muscle inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Schiavuzzo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Teixeira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Melo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D F da Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C O Jorge
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Oliveira-Fusaro
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - C A Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Vecchio SL, Petersen LJ, Finocchietti S, Gazerani P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Hyperalgesia and allodynia to superficial and deep-tissue mechanical stimulation within and outside of the UVB irradiated area in human skin. Scand J Pain 2014; 5:258-267. [PMID: 29911574 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims The ultraviolet-B (UVB) inflammatory model is a well-established model of inflammatory pain. This study investigated whether UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation would enhance pain responses from the underlying deep somatic areas. Methods Skin inflammation was induced, in 24 healthy volunteers, by UVB irradiation (three times of the individual minimal erythema UVB dose) in square-shaped areas on the forearm and lower back. Assessments of cutaneous blood flow, pin-prick thresholds, pressure pain thresholds and tolerance, stimulus-response functions relating graded pressure stimulations and pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) were performed within and outside the irradiated area. Results Twenty-four hours after UVB irradiation, a significant increase in superficial blood flow in the irradiated skin area was demonstrated compared with baseline (P < 0.01) indicating that inflammation was induced. Compared with baseline, UVB irradiation significantly reduced the pin-prick thresholds, pressure pain thresholds and tolerance within and outside of the irradiated area (P < 0.05). The stimulus-response function was left-shifted compared with baseline both within and outside the irradiated area (P < 0.05) with a more pronounced left-shift within the irradiated area (P < 0.01). Application of topical anaesthesia 24h after irradiation in 5 subjects, both within and outside the irradiated area, could only increase the pin-prick thresholds outside the irradiated area. Conclusion The UVB irradiation of the skin not only provokes cutaneous primary and secondary hyper-algesia but also causes hyperalgesia to blunt pressure stimulations 24h after the UVB exposure. Implications The presented UVB model can be used as a translational model from animals into healthy subjects. This model can potentially be used to screen drug candidates with anti-inflammatory properties in early stages of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark
| | - Lars J Petersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sara Finocchietti
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark
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Medial tibial pain pressure threshold algometry in runners. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:1549-55. [PMID: 23740326 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pressure algometry (PA) may provide an objective and standardised tool in assessing palpation pain over the tibia. The purpose of this study was to analyse the intra-rater repeatability of PA and to determine whether tibial tenderness in healthy runners differ from runners with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). METHODS Pressure algometry was performed on 20 asymptomatic runners (40 legs) and 9 MTSS patients (14 symptomatic legs) at standardised locations along the medial border of the tibia. Intra-rater reliability was assessed in 10 randomly selected asymptomatic runners through repeated measurements 2 weeks later. RESULTS Intra-rater reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC 0.53-0.90) in asymptomatic runners. Pain pressure threshold (PPT) was significantly reduced at 2/9-5/9 of the distance from the medial malleolus to the medial tibial condyle (p = 0.002-0.022). There was evidence of a statistically significant association between both height and weight, and PPT from the 3/9 (r = 0.416, p = 0.008) to 7/9 (r = 0.334, p = 0.035) and 3/9 (r = 0.448, p = 0.004) to 6/9 (r = 0.337, p = 0.034) area, respectively. In both MTSS patients and healthy runners, there was evidence of lower PPT in females compared to males (p = 0.0001-0.049) and a negative association between age and PPT (p = 0.001-0.033). MTSS patients had significantly lower PPT at the 3/9 site (p = 0.048) compared to asymptomatic runners. CONCLUSION Pain pressure threshold algometry can be incorporated into MTSS clinical assessment to objectively assess pain and monitor progress. The presence of reduced medial tibial PPT in asymptomatic runners suggests that clinicians may not need to await resolution of medial tibia tenderness before allowing return to sport in MTSS patients.
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Traub RJ, Cao DY, Karpowicz J, Pandya S, Ji Y, Dorsey SG, Dessem D. A clinically relevant animal model of temporomandibular disorder and irritable bowel syndrome comorbidity. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:956-66. [PMID: 24981128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Temporomandibular disorder and irritable bowel syndrome are comorbid functional chronic pain disorders of unknown etiology that are triggered/exacerbated by stress. Here we present baseline phenotypic characterization of a novel animal model to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to such comorbid pain conditions. In this model, chronic visceral hypersensitivity, a defining symptom of irritable bowel syndrome, is dependent on 3 factors: estradiol, existing chronic somatic pain, and stress. In ovariectomized rats, estradiol replacement followed by craniofacial muscle injury and stress induced visceral hypersensitivity that persisted for months. Omission of any 1 factor resulted in a transient (1 week) visceral hypersensitivity from stress alone or no hypersensitivity (no inflammation or estradiol). Maintenance of visceral hypersensitivity was estradiol dependent, resolving when estradiol replacement ceased. Referred cutaneous hypersensitivity was concurrent with visceral hypersensitivity. Increased spinal Fos expression suggests induction of central sensitization. These data demonstrate the development and maintenance of visceral hypersensitivity in estradiol-replaced animals following distal somatic injury and stress that mimics some characteristics reported in patients with temporomandibular disorder and comorbid irritable bowel syndrome. This new animal model is a powerful experimental tool that can be employed to gain further mechanistic insight into overlapping pain conditions. PERSPECTIVE The majority of patients with temporomandibular disorder report symptoms consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. Stress and female prevalence are common to both conditions. In a new experimental paradigm in ovariectomized rats with estradiol replacement, masseter inflammation followed by stress induces visceral hypersensitivity that persists for months, modeling these comorbid pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; UMB Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jane Karpowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sangeeta Pandya
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaping Ji
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan G Dorsey
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; UMB Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean Dessem
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; UMB Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yasui M, Yoshimura T, Takeuchi S, Tokizane K, Tsuda M, Inoue K, Kiyama H. A chronic fatigue syndrome model demonstrates mechanical allodynia and muscular hyperalgesia via spinal microglial activation. Glia 2014; 62:1407-17. [PMID: 24852223 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) display multiple symptoms, such as chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. Abnormal pain sensation may be the most serious of these symptoms; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. To provide insights into the molecular basis underlying abnormal pain in CFS and FMS, we used a multiple continuous stress (CS) model in rats, which were housed in a cage with a low level of water (1.5 cm in depth). The von Frey and Randall-Seritto tests were used to evaluate pain levels. Results showed that mechanical allodynia at plantar skin and mechanical hyperalgesia at the anterior tibialis (i.e., muscle pain) were induced by CS loading. Moreover, no signs of inflammation and injury incidents were observed in both the plantar skin and leg muscles. However, microglial accumulation and activation were observed in L4-L6 dorsal horn of CS rats. Quantification analysis revealed a higher accumulation of microglia in the medial part of Layers I-IV of the dorsal horn. To evaluate an implication of microglia in pain, minocycline was intrathecally administrated (via an osmotic pump). Minocycline significantly attenuated CS-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. These results indicated that activated microglia were involved in the development of abnormal pain in CS animals, suggesting that the pain observed in CFS and FMS patients may be partly caused by a mechanism in which microglial activation is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yasui
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Borghi SM, Zarpelon AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Cardoso RD, Martins-Pinge MC, Tatakihara RI, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Role of TNF-α/TNFR1 in intense acute swimming-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 128:277-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sensory findings after stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia with hypertonic saline suggest its contribution to low back pain. Pain 2014; 155:222-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Murase S, Kato K, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor sensitized the mechanical response of muscular thin-fibre afferents in rats. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:629-38. [PMID: 24174387 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in pain and muscular nociceptor activities is not well understood. We examined pain-related behaviour and mechanical response of muscular thin-fibre afferents after intramuscular injection of GDNF in rats. METHODS GDNF and antagonist to transient receptor potential V1 or acid-sensing ion channels were injected into rat gastrocnemius muscle and muscular mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed with a Randall-Selitto analgesiometer. Activities of single C- (conduction velocity < 2.0 m/s) and Aδ-fibres (conduction velocity 2.0-12.0 m/s) were recorded from extensor digitorum longus muscle-nerve preparations in vitro. The changes in the responses to mechanical stimuli before and after GDNF injection were recorded. RESULTS Mechanical hyperalgesia was observed from 1 h to 1 day after GDNF (0.03 μM, 20 μL) injection. The decreased withdrawal threshold was temporarily reversed after intramuscular injection of amiloride (50 mM, 20 μL), but not capsazepine (50 μM, 20 μL). In single-fibre recordings, both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and GDNF failed to induce any significant discharges. GDNF significantly enhanced the mechanical response when compared with the PBS group, but only in Aδ-fibre afferents. C-fibres were not affected. Significantly lowered threshold and increased response magnitude to mechanical stimuli were observed 30 or 60-120 min after injection. These times are compatible with the timing of the onset of the hyperalgesic effect of GDNF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GDNF increased the response of muscular Aδ-fibre afferents to mechanical stimuli, resulting in muscular mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murase
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan; Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan
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Duan G, Xiang G, Zhang X, Guo S, Zhang Y. An improvement of mechanical pain sensitivity measurement method: the smaller sized probes may detect heterogeneous sensory threshold in healthy male subjects. PAIN MEDICINE 2013; 15:272-80. [PMID: 24118900 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On the basis of our experience in the application of the mechanical algometer and a number of pilot experiments, we speculated that 0.1- and 0.01-cm(2) probes might improve the measurement of mechanical pain sensitivity relative to the conventional 1-cm(2) probe. Here, we examined the accuracy, feasibility, and applicability of these probes in detecting the mechanical pain sensitivity. DESIGN Mechanical pain threshold and tolerance tests were performed on subjects using the three probes of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 cm(2) in random order. We compared the application of these probes. SETTING The study was set at the Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. SUBJECTS Fifty healthy male Han Chinese subjects were recruited. OUTCOME MEASURES We compared the qualities of stimulus-evoked pain, test stability, the measuring time, the subjects' acceptance level of the procedure, the validity of pain measurement, and the arduousness of the task for the investigator among the three different size probes. RESULTS Compared with the conventional 1-cm(2) probe, the 0.01- and 0.1-cm(2) probes resulted in the subjects responding to stimulus-evoked pain more quickly, accurately, and consistently, and also made the measurement more comfortable for investigators. Up to 80% of the subjects reported the pain quality as a pricking sensation when the 0.01-cm(2) probe was used. CONCLUSION The use of the 0.1-cm(2) probe might be more suitable as an optimized method for the detection of pressure pain sensitivity in clinical studies. In addition, the 0.01-cm(2) probe could potentially serve as an alternative to the weighted needle pinprick, providing continuous quantizing detection for pricking pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Murase S, Terazawa E, Hirate K, Yamanaka H, Kanda H, Noguchi K, Ota H, Queme F, Taguchi T, Mizumura K. Upregulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor through cyclooxygenase-2 activation in the muscle is required for mechanical hyperalgesia after exercise in rats. J Physiol 2013; 591:3035-48. [PMID: 23587883 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed strenuous exercise that includes lengthening contraction (LC) often causes delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), characterised as muscular mechanical hyperalgesia. Previously we reported that a bradykinin-like substance released from the muscle during exercise plays a pivotal role in triggering the process of muscular mechanical hyperalgesia by upregulating nerve growth factor (NGF) in exercised muscle of rats. We show here that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are also involved in DOMS. COX-2 inhibitors but not COX-1 inhibitors given orally before LC completely suppressed the development of DOMS, but when given 2 days after LC they failed to reverse the mechanical hyperalgesia. COX-2 mRNA and protein in exercised muscle increased six- to 13-fold in mRNA and 1.7-2-fold in protein 0-12 h after LC. COX-2 inhibitors did not suppress NGF upregulation after LC. Instead, we found GDNF mRNA was upregulated seven- to eight-fold in the exercised muscle 12 h-1 day after LC and blocked by pretreatment of COX-2 inhibitors. In situ hybridisation studies revealed that both COX-2 and GDNF mRNA signals increased at the periphery of skeletal muscle cells 12 h after LC. The accumulation of COX-2 mRNA signals was also observed in small blood vessels. Intramuscular injection of anti-GDNF antibody 2 days after LC partly reversed DOMS. Based on these findings, we conclude that GDNF upregulation through COX-2 activation is essential to mechanical hyperalgesia after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Murase
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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Andresen T, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Brock C, Drewes AM, Arendt-Nielsen L. A Human Experimental Bone Pain Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:116-23. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Andresen
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg Hospital; Aarhus University; Aarhus; Denmark
| | | | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg Hospital; Aarhus University; Aarhus; Denmark
| | | | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI); Department of Health Science and Technology; Aalborg University; Aalborg; Denmark
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Tissue characteristics during temporal summation of pressure-evoked pain. Exp Brain Res 2012; 219:255-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Finocchietti S, Andresen T, Arendt‐Nielsen L, Graven‐Nielsen T. Pain evoked by pressure stimulation on the tibia bone –
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nfluence of probe diameter on tissue stress and strain. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:534-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Finocchietti
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor ControlCenter for Sensory‐Motor Interaction (SMI)Department of Health Science and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Aalborg University Denmark
| | - T. Andresen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor ControlCenter for Sensory‐Motor Interaction (SMI)Department of Health Science and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Aalborg University Denmark
- Mech‐Sense, Department of GastroenterologyAalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Denmark
| | - L. Arendt‐Nielsen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor ControlCenter for Sensory‐Motor Interaction (SMI)Department of Health Science and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Aalborg University Denmark
| | - T. Graven‐Nielsen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor ControlCenter for Sensory‐Motor Interaction (SMI)Department of Health Science and TechnologyFaculty of Medicine, Aalborg University Denmark
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Kubo A, Koyama M, Tamura R, Takagishi Y, Murase S, Mizumura K. Absence of mechanical hyperalgesia after exercise (delayed onset muscle soreness) in neonatally capsaicin-treated rats. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:56-60. [PMID: 22381959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) appears with some delay after unaccustomed, strenuous exercise, especially after lengthening contraction (LC). It is characterized by tenderness and movement related pain, namely muscular mechanical hyperalgesia. To clarify the involvement of C-fibers in this mechanical hyperalgesia, we examined whether DOMS could be induced in rats treated neonatally with capsaicin. We confirmed that a large portion of unmyelinated afferent fibers were lost in capsaicin treated rats. In these animals, LC failed to induce muscular mechanical hyperalgesia. mRNA of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the muscle, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining mechanical hyperalgesia, was upregulated in the capsaicin treated animals similar to the vehicle treated animals. These results demonstrate that C-fiber afferents are essential in transmitting the nociceptive information from exercised muscle in DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kubo
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Finocchietti S, Nielsen M, Mørch CD, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T. Pressure-induced muscle pain and tissue biomechanics: A computational and experimental study. Eur J Pain 2012; 15:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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IB4-saporin attenuates acute and eliminates chronic muscle pain in the rat. Exp Neurol 2011; 233:859-65. [PMID: 22206923 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The function of populations of nociceptors in muscle pain syndromes remain poorly understood. We compared the contribution of two major classes, isolectin B4-positive (IB4(+)) and IB4-negative (IB4(-)) nociceptors, in acute and chronic inflammatory and ergonomic muscle pain. Baseline mechanical nociceptive threshold was assessed in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats treated with IB4-saporin, which selectively destroys IB4(+) nociceptors. Rats were then submitted to models of acute inflammatory (intramuscular carrageenan)- or ergonomic intervention (eccentric exercise or vibration)-induced muscle pain, and each of the three models also evaluated for the transition from acute to chronic pain, manifest as prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2))-induced hyperalgesia, after recovery from the hyperalgesia induced by acute inflammation or ergonomic interventions. IB4-saporin treatment did not affect baseline mechanical nociceptive threshold. However, compared to controls, IB4-saporin treated rats exhibited shorter duration mechanical hyperalgesia in all three models and attenuated peak hyperalgesia in the ergonomic pain models. And, IB4-saporin treatment completely prevented prolongation of PGE(2)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Thus, IB4(+) and IB4(-) neurons contribute to acute muscle hyperalgesia induced by diverse insults. However, only IB4+ nociceptors participate in the long term consequence of acute hyperalgesia.
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Yasui M, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Hayashi K, Hori K, Ichiyanagi M, Sugiura Y. Nerve growth factor and associated nerve sprouting contribute to local mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of bone injury. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:953-65. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yasui
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya; Japan
| | - Y. Shiraishi
- Department of Judo Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care; Teikyo Heisei University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - N. Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa; Japan
| | | | - K. Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa; Japan
| | | | - Y. Sugiura
- Aichi Prefectural Colony; Kasugai; Japan
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Alvarez P, Ferrari LF, Levine JD. Muscle pain in models of chemotherapy-induced and alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2011; 70:101-9. [PMID: 21786301 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While inflammatory pain is well described in skeletal muscle, neuropathic muscle pain remains to be clarified. We used 3 well-established rodent models of peripheral neuropathy to evaluate for muscle pain. METHODS In rats exposed to either of 2 neurotoxic cancer chemotherapies, paclitaxel or oxaliplatin, or to alcohol consumption, we assessed the evolution of mechanical hyperalgesia in skeletal muscle and skin, in the same animal. To explore the involvement of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), a second messenger implicated in some forms of neuropathic pain, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) or mismatch ODNs (MM-ODNs) for PKCε were administered intrathecally. RESULTS Rats submitted to models of chemotherapy-induced and alcohol-induced neuropathy developed persistent muscle hyperalgesia, which evolved in parallel in muscle and skin. The administration of PKCε AS, which has been shown to mediate cutaneous hyperalgesia in paclitaxel and ethanol models of neuropathic pain, also inhibited muscle hyperalgesia induced by these agents. Stopping AS-ODN was associated with the reappearance of hyperalgesia at both sites. The AS-ODN to PKCε treatment was devoid of effect in both muscle and skin in the oxaliplatin neuropathy model. INTERPRETATION Our results support the suggestion that neuropathic muscle pain may be a greater clinical problem than generally appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA
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Itoh K, Minakawa Y, Kitakoji H. Effect of acupuncture depth on muscle pain. Chin Med 2011; 6:24. [PMID: 21696603 PMCID: PMC3135576 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While evidence supports efficacy of acupuncture and/or dry needling in treating musculoskeletal pain, it is unclear which needling method is most effective. This study aims to determine the effects of depth of needle penetration on muscle pain. Methods A total of 22 healthy volunteers performed repeated eccentric contractions to induce muscle soreness in their extensor digital muscle. Subjects were assigned randomly to four groups, namely control group, skin group (depth of 3 mm: the extensor digital muscle), muscle group (depth of 10 mm: the extensor digital muscle) and non-segmental group (depth of 10 mm: the anterior tibial muscle). Pressure pain threshold and electrical pain threshold of the skin, fascia and muscle were measured at a point 20 mm distal to the maximum tender point on the second day after the exercise. Results Pressure pain thresholds of skin group (depth of 3 mm: the extensor digital muscle) and muscle group (depth of 10 mm: the extensor digital muscle) were significantly higher than the control group, whereas the electrical pain threshold at fascia of muscle group (depth of 10 mm: the extensor digital muscle) was a significantly higher than control group; however, there was no significant difference between the control and other groups. Conclusion The present study shows that acupuncture stimulation of muscle increases the PPT and EPT of fascia. The depth of needle penetration is important for the relief of muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Itoh
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan.
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