1
|
de Souza DM, Malange KF, Nishijima CM, de Melo Lima BH, Capetini VC, de Oliveira ALR, Anhê GF, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Intraarticular monomethyl fumarate as a perspective therapy for osteoarthritis by macrophage polarization. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1239-1252. [PMID: 38472616 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that may lead to joint structure degeneration, cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone disruption, and pain. In this scenario, a higher proportion of the proinflammatory macrophage type 1 (M1) than the anti-inflammatory macrophage type 2 (M2) could be highlighted as a hallmark of OA progression. The balance between these two macrophage types emerges as a new therapeutic target in OA. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesia and macrophage profile in the treatment of experimental osteoarthritis (EOA) with systemic dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or local intra-articular monomethyl fumarate (MMF). RESULTS DMF via gavage or MMF via intra-articular in the right knee of EOA rats showed improvements in gait parameters and the nociceptive recovery of the mechanical threshold assessment by adapted electronic von Frey treatment on the twenty-first day (long-lasting phase). DMF treatment decreased proinflammatory TNF-α while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines from the macerated capsule on the fifth day (inflammatory phase). MMF treatment showed joint capsule mRNA extraction downregulating iNOS and TNF-α gene expression while upregulating IL-10 and MCP-1. However, CD206 was not significant but higher than untreated EOA rats' joints on the seventh day (inflammatory phase). CONCLUSIONS Our studies with EOA model induced by MIA suggest a new perspective for human treatment committed with OA based on macrophage polarization as a therapeutic target, switching the proinflammatory profile M1 to the anti-inflammatory profile M2 with DMF systematic or by MMF locally treatment according to the OA severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Menezes de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil.
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Carl Von Linnaeus, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil.
| | - Kauê Franco Malange
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Carl Von Linnaeus, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique de Melo Lima
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cooper Capetini
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L R de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Carl Von Linnaeus, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Carl Von Linnaeus, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lemes JBP, Malange KF, Carvalho NS, Neves AF, Urban-Maldonado M, Kempe PRG, Nishijima CM, Fagundes CC, Lotufo CMDC, Suadicani SO, Parada CA. Blocking Pannexin 1 Channels Alleviates Peripheral Inflammatory Pain but not Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 38538230 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2303064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pannexin1 (Panx1) is a membrane channel expressed in different cells of the nervous system and is involved in several pathological conditions, including pain and inflammation. At the central nervous system, the role of Panx1 is already well-established. However, in the periphery, there is a lack of information regarding the participation of Panx1 in neuronal sensitization. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a critical structure for pain processing and modulation. For this reason, understanding the molecular mechanism in the DRG associated with neuronal hypersensitivity has become highly relevant to discovering new possibilities for pain treatment. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of Panx1 in acute nociception and peripheral inflammatory and neuropathic pain by using two different approaches. METHODS Rats were treated with a selective Panx1 blocker peptide (10Panx) into L5-DRG, followed by ipsilateral intraplantar injection of carrageenan, formalin, or capsaicin. DRG neuronal cells were pre-treated with 10Panx and stimulated by capsaicin to evaluate calcium influx. Panx1 knockout mice (Panx1-KO) received carrageenan or capsaicin into the paw and paclitaxel intraperitoneally. The von Frey test was performed to measure the mechanical threshold of rats' and mice's paws before and after each treatment. RESULTS Pharmacological blockade of Panx1 in the DRG of rats resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of mechanical allodynia triggered by carrageenan, and nociception decreased in the second phase of formalin. Nociceptive behavior response induced by capsaicin was significantly lower in rats treated with Panx1 blockade into DRG. Neuronal cells with Panx1 blockage showed lower intracellular calcium response than untreated cells after capsaicin administration. Accordingly, Panx1-KO mice showed a robust reduction in mechanical allodynia after carrageenan and a lower nociceptive response to capsaicin. A single dose of paclitaxel promoted acute mechanical pain in wildtype (WT) but not in Panx1-KO mice. Four doses of chemotherapy promoted chronic mechanical allodynia in both genotypes, although Panx1-KO mice had significant ablation in the first eight days. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Panx1 is critical for developing peripheral inflammatory pain and acute nociception involving transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) but is not essential for neuropathic pain chronicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaue Franco Malange
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Santos Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Neves
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcia Urban-Maldonado
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Costa Fagundes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celina Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), 38408-102 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Ottile Suadicani
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zanelatto FB, Vieira WF, Nishijima CM, Zanotto TM, Magalhães SFD, Sartori CR, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Effect of propranolol on temporomandibular joint pain in repeatedly stressed rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12957. [PMID: 37908149 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress substantially increases the risk of developing painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by influencing the release of endogenous catecholamines. Propranolol, an antagonist of β-adrenergic receptors, has shown potential in alleviating TMD-associated pain, particularly when the level of catecholamines is elevated. The aim of this study was to explore whether intra-articular propranolol administration is effective in diminishing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain during repeated stress situations. Additionally, we investigated the effect of repeated stress on the expression of genes encoding β-adrenoceptors in the trigeminal ganglion. In the present study, rats were exposed to a stress protocol induced by sound, then to the administration of formalin in the TMJ (to elicit a nociceptive response), followed immediately afterward by different doses of propranolol, after which the analgesic response to propranolol was evaluated. We also assessed the levels of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor mRNAs (Adrb1 and Adrb2, respectively) using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our findings revealed that propranolol administration reduces formalin-induced TMJ nociception more effectively in stressed rats than in non-stressed rats. Furthermore, repeated stress decreases the expression of the Adrb2 gene within the trigeminal ganglion. The findings of this study are noteworthy as they suggest that individuals with a chronic stress history might find potential benefits from β-blockers in TMD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barchesi Zanelatto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamires Marques Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silviane Fernandes de Magalhães
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zanelatto FB, Vieira WF, Nishijima CM, Sartori CR, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Effect of sound-induced repeated stress on the development of pain and inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of female and male rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2023:e12936. [PMID: 37243959 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Stress is a significant risk factor for developing this painful condition that predominantly affects women. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that stress increases the risk of developing TMJ pain by facilitating inflammatory mechanisms in female and male rats. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated TMJ carrageenan-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and migration of inflammatory cells and TMJ formalin-induced nociception in female and male rats submitted to a repeated stress protocol induced by sound. We found that sound-induced repeated stress facilitates TMJ inflammation and contributes to TMJ nociception development equally in females and males. We conclude that stress is a risk factor for developing painful TMJ conditions in males and females, at least in part, by favoring the inflammatory process similarly in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barchesi Zanelatto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodrigues da Silva GH, Paes Lemes JB, Geronimo G, de Carvalho FV, Mendonça TC, Malange KF, de Lima FF, Breitkreitz MC, Parada CA, Dalla Costa T, de Paula E. Improved Local Anesthesia at Inflamed Tissue Using the Association of Articaine and Copaiba Oil in Avocado Butter Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040546. [PMID: 37111303 PMCID: PMC10143371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsuccessful anesthesia often occurs under an inflammatory tissue environment, making dentistry treatment extremely painful and challenging. Articaine (ATC) is a local anesthetic used at high (4%) concentrations. Since nanopharmaceutical formulations may improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, we encapsulated ATC in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) aiming to increase the anesthetic effect on the inflamed tissue. Moreover, the lipid nanoparticles were prepared with natural lipids (copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) oil and avocado (Persia gratissima) butter) that added functional activity to the nanosystem. NLC-CO-A particles (~217 nm) showed an amorphous lipid core structure according to DSC and XDR. In an inflammatory pain model induced by λ-carrageenan in rats, NLC-CO-A improved (30%) the anesthetic efficacy and prolonged anesthesia (3 h) in relation to free ATC. In a PGE2-induced pain model, the natural lipid formulation significantly reduced (~20%) the mechanical pain when compared to synthetic lipid NLC. Opioid receptors were involved in the detected analgesia effect since their blockage resulted in pain restoration. The pharmacokinetic evaluation of the inflamed tissue showed that NLC-CO-A decreased tissue ATC elimination rate (ke) by half and doubled ATC’s half-life. These results present NLC-CO-A as an innovative system to break the impasse of anesthesia failure in inflamed tissue by preventing ATC accelerated systemic removal by the inflammatory process and improving anesthesia by its association with copaiba oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Geronimo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Vieira de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Cesarim Mendonça
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Kauê Franco Malange
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Freitas de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Breitkreitz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Department of Production and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vieira WF, Malange KF, de Magalhães SF, Lemes JBP, Dos Santos GG, Nishijima CM, de Oliveira ALR, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Anti-hyperalgesic effects of photobiomodulation therapy (904 nm) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy imply MAPK pathway and calcium dynamics modulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16730. [PMID: 36202956 PMCID: PMC9537322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have established the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in painful clinical conditions. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) can be related to activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as p38, in the peripheral nerve. MAPK pathway is activated in response to extracellular stimuli, including interleukins TNF-α and IL-1β. We verified the pain relief potential of PBMT in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathic rats and its influence on the MAPK pathway regulation and calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. We then observed that PBMT applied to the L4-L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) region reduced the intensity of hyperalgesia, decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and p38-MAPK mRNA expression in DRG of diabetic neuropathic rats. DN induced the activation of phosphorylated p38 (p-38) MAPK co-localized with TRPV1+ neurons; PBMT partially prevented p-38 activation. DN was related to an increase of p38-MAPK expression due to proinflammatory interleukins, and the PBMT (904 nm) treatment counteracted this condition. Also, the sensitization of DRG neurons by the hyperglycemic condition demonstrated during the Ca2+ dynamics was reduced by PBMT, contributing to its anti-hyperalgesic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Kauê Franco Malange
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Silviane Fernandes de Magalhães
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Júlia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Gilson Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus n/n, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-864, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jorge DDMF, Huber SC, Rodrigues BL, Da Fonseca LF, Azzini GOM, Parada CA, Paulus-Romero C, Lana JFSD. The Mechanism of Action between Pulsed Radiofrequency and Orthobiologics: Is There a Synergistic Effect? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911726. [PMID: 36233026 PMCID: PMC9570243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency energy is a common treatment modality for chronic pain. While there are different forms of radiofrequency-based therapeutics, the common concept is the generation of an electromagnetic field in the applied area, that can result in neuromodulation (pulsed radiofrequency—PRF) or ablation. Our specific focus relates to PRF due to the possibility of modulation that is in accordance with the mechanisms of action of orthobiologics. The proposed mechanism of action of PRF pertaining to pain relief relies on a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, a general effect on the immune system, and a reduction in the formation of free radical molecules. The primary known properties of orthobiologics constitute the release of growth factors, a stimulus for endogenous repair, analgesia, and improvement of the function of the injured area. In this review, we described the mechanism of action of both treatments and pertinent scientific references to the use of the combination of PRF and orthobiologics. Our hypothesis is a synergic effect with the combination of both techniques which could benefit patients and improve the life quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Orthoregen International Course—Avenida Presidente Kennedy, 1386, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lima Rodrigues
- Orthoregen International Course—Avenida Presidente Kennedy, 1386, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Furtado Da Fonseca
- Orthopaedic Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 715 Napoleão de Barros St-Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ohana Marques Azzini
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Laboratory of Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Christian Paulus-Romero
- American Academy of Regenerative Medicine, 14405 West Colfax Avenue, #291, Lakewood, CO 80401, USA
| | - José Fábio Santos Duarte Lana
- Orthoregen International Course—Avenida Presidente Kennedy, 1386, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giolo FP, Santos GS, Pacheco VF, Huber SC, Malange KF, Rodrigues BL, Bassora F, Mosaner T, Azzini G, Ribeiro LL, Parada CA, Lana JFSD. Photobiomodulation therapy for osteoarthritis: Mechanisms of action. World J Transl Med 2022; 10:29-42. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v10.i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality with demonstrated effects in many fields related to regenerative medicine. In the field of orthopedics, in particular, PBM at various wavelengths has demonstrated the capacity to trigger multiple biological effects associated with protective mechanisms in musculoskeletal tissues. The articles cited in this review show that devices operating close to or within the near infrared range at low intensities can provoke responses which favor the shift in the predominant catabolic microenvironment typically seen in degenerative joint diseases, especially osteoarthritis (OA). These responses include proliferation, differentiation and expression of proteins associated with stable cell cycles. Additionally, PBM can also modulate oxidative stress, inflammation and pain by exerting regulatory effects on immune cells and blocking the transmission of pain through sensory neuron fibers, without adverse events. Collectively, these effects are essential in order to control the progression of OA, which is in part attributed to exacerbated inflammation and degradative enzymatic reactions which gradually contribute to the destruction of joint tissues. PBM may offer medical experts ease of application, financial viability, efficacy and lack of serious adverse events. Therefore, it may prove to be a suitable ally in the management of mild to moderate degrees of OA. This review explores and discusses the principal biological mechanisms of PBM and how the produced effects may contribute to the amelioration of osteoarthritic progression. Literature was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to find studies describing the mechanisms of PBM. The investigation included a combination of nomenclature such as: “photobiomodulation”, “phototherapy”, “laser therapy”, “PBM”, “osteoarthritis”, low level light therapy”, “inflammation” and “cartilage”. We considered only articles written in English, with access to the full text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pericinoto Giolo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Victor Fontes Pacheco
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Kaue Franco Malange
- Neurobiology of Pain and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lima Rodrigues
- Biomedical Science, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bassora
- Department of Hematology, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Tomas Mosaner
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Azzini
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Leite Ribeiro
- Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Neurobiology of Pain and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carvalho NS, Lemes JBP, Pagliusi M, Machado ACDS, Malange KF, Pral LP, Fachi JL, Nishijima CM, Dos Santos GG, Tambeli CH, Sartori CR, Vinolo MAR, Parada CA. Neutrophil-Derived COX-2 has a Key Role during Inflammatory Hyperalgesia. Inflammation 2022; 45:2280-2293. [PMID: 35840810 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital process for the injured tissue restoration and one of its hallmarks is inflammatory hyperalgesia. The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is strongly related to the inflammatory and painful process. Usually, the COX-1 isoform is described as homeostatic, while COX-2 is characterized as inducible in inflammatory conditions. Although it is well known that neutrophil cells are the first to arrive at the inflamed site and the major source of COX-2 is still unknown, the specific role of neutrophil-derived COX-2 in the pain process is. Thus, in the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that neutrophil-derived COX-2 plays a key role in peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia. Conditional knockout mice for COX-2 in neutrophils (COX-2 fl/fl: Mrp8cre±) exhibited higher pain sensitivity after carrageenan (CG) injection and long-lasting IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia compared with the control group (COX-2 fl/fl). Also, CG-induced inflammation in COX-2 fl/fl: Mrp8cre± mice showed COX-1 overexpression, and increased neutrophil migration and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and CXCL1). These findings revealed that neutrophil COX-2 has an important role in the regulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco Pagliusi
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dos Santos Machado
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Kauê Franco Malange
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Laboratory of the Study of Pain, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vieira WF, Malange KF, de Magalhães SF, dos Santos GG, de Oliveira ALR, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Parada CA. Gait analysis correlates mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy: A CatWalk dynamic motor function study. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Goncalves Dos Santos G, Li R, Ng MPE, Lemes JBP, Vieira WF, Nagy I, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. CB 1 receptor-dependent desensitisation of TRPV1 channels contributes to the analgesic effect of dipyrone in sensitised primary sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4615-4626. [PMID: 32562269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While dipyrone is a widely used analgesic, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Recently, we have reported that the dipyrone metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) reduces PGE2 -induced pain-related behaviour through cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Here, we ascertained, in naive and PGE2 -induced "inflamed" conditions, both in vivo and in vitro, the molecular mechanisms involved in the 4-AA-induced analgesic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of local administration of 4-AA (160 μg per paw) on capsaicin (0.12 μg per paw) injection-induced pain-related behaviour and 4-AA's effect on 500-nM capsaicin-induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) in cultured primary sensory neurons were assessed in vivo and in vitro, respectively. KEY RESULTS 4-AA reduced capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviour in naive and inflamed conditions through CB1 receptors. 4-AA (100 μM) reduced capsaicin-induced increase in [Ca2+ ]i in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner, when PGE2 was not present. Following PGE2 application, 4-AA (1-50 μM) increased the [Ca2+ ]i . Although 4-AA activated both TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, increased [Ca2+ ]i was mediated through TRPV1 channels. Activation of TRPV1 channels resulted in their desensitisation. Blocking CB1 receptors reduced both the excitatory and desensitising effects of 4-AA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of TRPV1 channels and TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ -influx- and CB1 receptor-dependent desensitisation of TRPV1 channels contribute to the anti-nociceptive effect of 4-AA in naive and inflamed conditions respectively. Agonists active at both CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels might be useful as analgesics, particularly in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Goncalves Dos Santos
- Pain Studies Lab - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ruihui Li
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Pui Een Ng
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Pain Studies Lab - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Pain Studies Lab - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Pain Studies Lab - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Pain Studies Lab - Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pagliusi M, Bonet IJM, Lemes JBP, Oliveira ALL, Carvalho NS, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Sartori CR. Social defeat stress-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by nav 1.8 + nociceptive fibers. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135006. [PMID: 32387758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels began to be studied as possible targets for analgesic drugs. In addition, specific Nav 1.8 blockers are currently being used to treat some types of chronic pain pathologies such as neuropathies and fibromyalgia. Nav 1.8+ fibers convey nociceptive information to brain structures belonging to the limbic system, which is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorders. From this, using a model of chronic social defeat stress (SDS) and intrathecal injections of Nav 1.8 antisense, this study investigated the possible involvement of Nav 1.8+ nociceptive fibers in SDS- induced hyperalgesia in C57/BL mice. Our results showed that SDS induced a depressive-like behavior of social avoidance and increased the sensitivity to mechanical (electronic von Frey test) and chemical (capsaicin test) nociceptive stimuli. We also showed that intrathecal injection of Nav 1.8 antisense reversed the SDS-induced hyperalgesia as demonstrated by both, mechanical and chemical nociceptive tests. We confirmed the antisense efficacy and specificity in a separate no-defeated cohort through real-time PCR, which showed a significant reduction of Nav 1.8 mRNA and no reduction of Nav 1.7 and Nav 1.9 in the L4, L5 and L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The present study advances the understanding of SDS-induced hyperalgesia, which seems to be dependent on Nav 1.8+ nociceptive fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, Box 0440 S709, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Júlia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Anna Lethicia Lima Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Santos Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Box 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonçalves dos Santos G, Vieira WF, Vendramini PH, Bassani da Silva B, Fernandes Magalhães S, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Dipyrone is locally hydrolyzed to 4-methylaminoantipyrine and its antihyperalgesic effect depends on CB2 and kappa-opioid receptors activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:173005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
14
|
Brandão AF, Bonet IJM, Pagliusi M, Zanetti GG, Pho N, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Vieira AS, Sartori CR. Physical Activity Induces Nucleus Accumbens Genes Expression Changes Preventing Chronic Pain Susceptibility Promoted by High-Fat Diet and Sedentary Behavior in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1453. [PMID: 32038148 PMCID: PMC6987254 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings from rodent studies suggest that high-fat diet (HFD) increases hyperalgesia independent of obesity status. Furthermore, weight loss interventions such as voluntary physical activity (PA) for adults with obesity or overweight was reported to promote pain reduction in humans with chronic pain. However, regardless of obesity status, it is not known whether HFD intake and sedentary (SED) behavior is underlies chronic pain susceptibility. Moreover, differential gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a crucial role in chronic pain susceptibility. Thus, the present study used an adapted model of the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced persistent hyperalgesia short-term (PH-ST) protocol for mice, an HFD, and a voluntary PA paradigm to test these hypotheses. Therefore, we performed an analysis of differential gene expression using a transcriptome approach of the NAc. We also applied a gene ontology enrichment tools to identify biological processes associated with chronic pain susceptibility and to investigate the interaction between the factors studied: diet (standard diet vs. HFD), physical activity behavior (SED vs. PA) and PH-ST (PGE vs. saline). Our results demonstrated that HFD intake and sedentary behavior promoted chronic pain susceptibility, which in turn was prevented by voluntary physical activity, even when the animals were fed an HFD. The transcriptome of the NAc found 2,204 differential expression genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed 41 biologic processes implicated in chronic pain susceptibility. Taking these biological processes together, our results suggest that genes related to metabolic and mitochondria stress were up-regulated in the chronic pain susceptibility group (SED-HFD-PGE), whereas genes related to neuroplasticity were up-regulated in the non-chronic pain susceptibility group (PA-HFD-PGE). These findings provide pieces of evidence that HFD intake and sedentary behavior provoked gene expression changes in the NAc related to promotion of chronic pain susceptibility, whereas voluntary physical activity provoked gene expression changes in the NAc related to prevention of chronic pain susceptibility. Finally, our findings confirmed previous literature supporting the crucial role of voluntary physical activity to prevent chronic pain and suggest that low levels of voluntary physical activity would be helpful and highly recommended as a complementary treatment for those with chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Freitas Brandão
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gerardini Zanetti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nam Pho
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Melo Aquino B, da Silva Dos Santos DF, Jorge CO, Marques ACS, Teixeira JM, Parada CA, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. P2X3 receptors contribute to muscle pain induced by static contraction by a mechanism dependent on neutrophil migration. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:167-175. [PMID: 31115830 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X3 receptors are involved with several pain conditions. Muscle pain induced by static contraction has an important socioeconomic impact. Here, we evaluated the involvement of P2X3 receptors on mechanical muscle hyperalgesia and neutrophil migration induced by static contraction in rats. Also, we evaluated whether static contraction would be able to increase muscle levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with the selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, A-317491, by intramuscular or intrathecal injection and the static contraction-induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia was evaluated using the Randall-Selitto test. Neutrophil migration was evaluated by measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) kinetic-colorimetric assay and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intramuscular or intrathecal pretreatment with A-317491 prevented static contraction-induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia. In addition, A-317491 reduced static contraction-induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia when administered 30 and 60 min of the beginning of static contraction, but not after 30 and 60 min of the end of static contraction. Intramuscular A-317491 also prevented static contraction-induced neutrophil migration. In a period of 24 h, static contraction did not increase muscle levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings demonstrated that mechanical muscle hyperalgesia and neutrophil migration induced by static contraction are modulated by P2X3 receptors expressed on the gastrocnemius muscle and spinal cord dorsal horn. Also, we suggest that P2X3 receptors are important to the development but not to maintenance of muscle hyperalgesia. Therefore, P2X3 receptors can be pointed out as a target to musculoskeletal pain conditions induced by daily or work-related activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Melo Aquino
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Francisco da Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ocanha Jorge
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Carolina Salgado Marques
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maia Teixeira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pagliusi MOF, Bonet IJM, Dias EV, Vieira AS, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Sartori CR. Social defeat stress induces hyperalgesia and increases truncated BDNF isoforms in the nucleus accumbens regardless of the depressive-like behavior induction in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:1635-1646. [PMID: 29885271 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a close association between pain and depression. There is evidence showing this association as patients with depression show a high chronic pain prevalence and vice versa. Considering that social stress is critical for the development of depression in humans, we used a social defeat stress (SDS) model which induces depressive-like behavior in mice. In this model, mice are exposed to an aggressor mouse for ten days, suffering brief periods of agonistic contact and long periods of sensory contact. Some mice display social avoidance, a depressive-like behavior, and are considered susceptible, while some mice do not, and are considered resilient. Thus, we investigated the nociceptive behavior of mice submitted to SDS and the neuroplastic changes in dopaminergic mesolimbic system. Our results showed that the stressed mice (resilient and susceptible) presented a higher sensitivity to pain than the control mice in chemical and mechanical tests. We also verified that susceptible mice have higher Bdnf mRNA in the VTA compared to the resilient and control mice. The stressed mice had less mature BDNF and more truncated BDNF protein in the NAc compared with control mice. Although social stress may trigger the development of depression and hyperalgesia, these two conditions may manifest independently as social stress induced hyperalgesia even in mice that did not display depressive-like behavior. Also, increased Bdnf in the VTA seems to be associated with depressive-like behavior, whereas high levels of truncated BDNF and low mature BDNF appear to be associated with hyperalgesia induced by social defeat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manzo LP, Ceragioli H, Bonet IJ, Nishijima CM, Vieira WF, Oliveira EC, Destro-Filho JB, Sartori CR, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Magnetic, but not non-magnetic, reduced graphene oxide in spinal cord increases nociceptive neuronal responsiveness. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2017; 13:1841-1851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
18
|
Santos DFDSD, Melo Aquino BD, Jorge CO, Azambuja GD, Schiavuzzo JG, Krimon S, Neves JDS, Parada CA, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. Muscle pain induced by static contraction in rats is modulated by peripheral inflammatory mechanisms. Neuroscience 2017; 358:58-69. [PMID: 28673715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle pain is an important health issue and frequently related to static force exertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether peripheral inflammatory mechanisms are involved with static contraction-induced muscle pain in rats. To this end, we developed a model of muscle pain induced by static contraction performed by applying electrical pulses through electrodes inserted into muscle. We also evaluated the involvement of neutrophil migration, bradykinin, sympathetic amines and prostanoids. A single session of sustained static contraction of gastrocnemius muscle induced acute mechanical muscle hyperalgesia without affecting locomotor activity and with no evidence of structural damage in muscle tissue. Static contraction increased levels of creatine kinase but not lactate dehydrogenase, and induced neutrophil migration. Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent), DALBK (bradykinin B1 antagonist), Atenolol (β1 adrenoceptor antagonist), ICI 118,551 (β2 adrenoceptor antagonist), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and fucoidan (non-specific selectin inhibitor) all reduced static contraction-induced muscle hyperalgesia; however, the bradykinin B2 antagonist, bradyzide, did not have an effect on static contraction-induced muscle hyperalgesia. Furthermore, an increased hyperalgesic response was observed when the selective bradykinin B1 agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin was injected into the previously stimulated muscle. Together, these findings demonstrate that static contraction induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia in gastrocnemius muscle of rats is modulated through peripheral inflammatory mechanisms that are dependent on neutrophil migration, bradykinin, sympathetic amines and prostanoids. Considering the clinical relevance of muscle pain, we propose the present model of static contraction-induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia as a useful tool for the study of mechanisms underlying static contraction-induced muscle pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Francisco da Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Melo Aquino
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ocanha Jorge
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graciana de Azambuja
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jalile Garcia Schiavuzzo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzy Krimon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Neves
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Limeira 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oliveira-Fusaro MCG, Zanoni CIS, Dos Santos GG, Manzo LP, Araldi D, Bonet IJM, Tambeli CH, Dias EV, Parada CA. Antihyperalgesic effect of CB 1 receptor activation involves the modulation of P2X 3 receptor in the primary afferent neuron. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 798:113-121. [PMID: 28131783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid system is a potential target for pain control. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation play a role in the analgesic effect of cannabinoids once it is expressed in primary afferent neurons. This study investigates whether the anti-hyperalgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation involves P2X3 receptor in primary afferent neurons. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by electronic von Frey test. Cannabinoid effect was evaluated using anandamide or ACEA, a non-selective or a selective CB1 receptor agonists, respectively; AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, and antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Calcium imaging assay was performed to evaluated α,β-meATP-responsive cultured DRG neurons pretreated with ACEA. Anandamide or ACEA administered in peripheral tissue reduced the carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The reduction in the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia induced by ACEA was completely reversed by administration of AM251 as well as by the intrathecal treatment with antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Also, ACEA reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin and by α,β-meATP, a P2X3 receptor non-selective agonist, but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and chemokine-induced chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1). Finally, CB1 receptors are co-localized with P2X3 receptors in DRG small-diameter neurons and the treatment with ACEA reduced the number of α,β-meATP-responsive cultured DRG neurons. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation is mediated by a negative modulation of the P2X3 receptor in the primary afferent neurons.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Carrageenan/pharmacology
- Cell Size
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/pathology
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/pathology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Isabel Silva Zanoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Paulo Manzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vieira AS, Araldi D, Dias EV, do Prado FC, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Janus kinase 2 activation participates in prostaglandin E 2-induced hyperalgesia. Life Sci 2016; 166:8-12. [PMID: 27717845 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the major signaling molecules involved in hyperalgesia, acting directly on nociceptors and resulting in the activation of PKA and PKC. Once active, these kinases phosphorylate many cellular proteins, resulting in changes on nociceptors sensorial transduction properties. The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular signaling molecules generally associated with cytokine signaling, and their activity can be increased in nociceptors after peripheral inflammation. However, there are no evidences of JAKs direct involvement in PGE2 mediated sensitization of nociceptors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore a possible role for JAKs in PGE2 mediated sensitization. In cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we observed that the administration of PGE2 increases capsaicin induced calcium transients, and a pre-incubation of DRG cells with the JAK inhibitor AG490 blocks this PGE2 in vitro effect. Intrathecal administration of AG490 to ten-weeks-old male Wistar rats reduces the hyperalgesia induced by the intraplantar administration of PGE2 or carrageenan in the right hind paw. We also observed that carrageenan administration in the right hind paw induced an increase in membrane associated PKCepsilon in the ipsilateral L5 DRG, and this increase was blocked by intrathecal AG490 administration. In conclusion the present study indicates that the JAKs expressed in the DRG and spinal cord may have a role in the sensitization of nociceptors by a peripheral inflammatory event. Moreover, the inhibition of JAKs may be a possible novel pharmacological target for the control of the inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe César do Prado
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dias EV, Sartori CR, Marião PR, Vieira AS, Camargo LC, Athie MCP, Pagliusi MO, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. Nucleus accumbens dopaminergic neurotransmission switches its modulatory action in chronification of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2380-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - César Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Paula Ramos Marião
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Lilian Calili Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Pedro Athie
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Marco Oreste Pagliusi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz Box 6109 13083-865 Campinas SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schiavuzzo JG, Teixeira JM, Melo B, da Silva dos Santos DF, Jorge CO, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG, Parada CA. Muscle hyperalgesia induced by peripheral P2X3 receptors is modulated by inflammatory mediators. Neuroscience 2014; 285:24-33. [PMID: 25446353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ATP, via activation of P2X3 receptors, has been highlighted as a key target in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm whether the activation of P2X3 receptors in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats induces mechanical muscle hyperalgesia and, if so, to analyze the involvement of the classical inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, prostaglandins, sympathetic amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil migration) in this response. Intramuscular administration of the non-selective P2X3 receptor agonist α,β-meATP in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats induced mechanical muscle hyperalgesia, which, in turn, was prevented by the selective P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors antagonist A-317491, the selective bradykinin B1-receptor antagonist Des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK (DALBK), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the β1- or β2-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol and ICI 118,551, respectively. Also, the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan. α,β-meATP induced increases in the local concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which were reduced by bradykinin antagonist. Finally, α,β-meATP also induced neutrophil migration. Together, these findings suggest that α,β-meATP induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats via activation of peripheral P2X3 receptors, which involves bradykinin, prostaglandins, sympathetic amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines release and neutrophil migration. It is also indicated that bradykinin is the key modulator of the mechanical muscle hyperalgesia induced by P2X3 receptors. Therefore, we suggest that P2X3 receptors are important targets to control muscle inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Schiavuzzo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Teixeira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Melo
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D F da Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C O Jorge
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Oliveira-Fusaro
- Laboratory of Studies of Pain and Inflammation, School of Applied Sciences - UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - C A Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
dos Santos GG, Dias EV, Teixeira JM, Athie MCP, Bonet IJM, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. The analgesic effect of dipyrone in peripheral tissue involves two different mechanisms: Neuronal KATP channel opening and CB1 receptor activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Teixeira JM, de Oliveira-Fusaro MCG, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Peripheral P2X7 receptor-induced mechanical hyperalgesia is mediated by bradykinin. Neuroscience 2014; 277:163-73. [PMID: 24997266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptors play an important role in inflammatory hyperalgesia, but the mechanisms involved in their hyperalgesic role are not completely understood. In this study, we hypothesized that P2X7 receptor activation induces mechanical hyperalgesia via the inflammatory mediators bradykinin, sympathomimetic amines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines and via neutrophil migration in rats. We found that 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate triethylammonium salt (BzATP), the most potent P2X7 receptor agonist available, induced a dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia that was blocked by the P2X7 receptor-selective antagonist A-438079 but unaffected by the P2X1,3,2/3 receptor antagonist TNP-ATP. These findings confirm that, although BzATP also acts at both P2X1 and P2X3 receptors, BzATP-induced hyperalgesia was mediated only by P2X7 receptor activation. Co-administration of selective antagonists of bradykinin B1 (Des-Arg(8)-Leu(9)-BK (DALBK)) or B2 receptors (bradyzide), β1 (atenolol) or β2 adrenoceptors (ICI 118,551), or local pre-treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan each significantly reduced BzATP-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat hind paw. BzATP also induced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), an effect that was significantly reduced by A-438079. Co-administration of DALBK or bradyzide with BzATP significantly reduced BzATP-induced IL-1β and CINC-1 release. These results indicate that peripheral P2X7 receptor activation induces mechanical hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators, especially bradykinin, which may contribute to pro-inflammatory cytokine release. These pro-inflammatory cytokines in turn may mediate the contributions of PGE2, sympathomimetic amines and neutrophil migration to the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by local P2X7 receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Teixeira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - M C G de Oliveira-Fusaro
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP CEP 13484-350, Brazil
| | - C A Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - C H Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zambelli VO, Fernandes ACDO, Gutierrez VP, Ferreira JCB, Parada CA, Mochly-Rosen D, Cury Y. Peripheral sensitization increases opioid receptor expression and activation by crotalphine in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90576. [PMID: 24594607 PMCID: PMC3942445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation enhances the peripheral analgesic efficacy of opioid drugs, but the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Crotalphine (CRP), a peptide that was first isolated from South American rattlesnake C.d. terrificus venom, induces a potent and long-lasting anti-nociceptive effect that is mediated by the activation of peripheral opioid receptors. Because the high efficacy of CRP is only observed in the presence of inflammation, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the CRP anti-nociceptive effect induced by inflammation. Using real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis and ELISA assays, we demonstrate that the intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases the mRNA and protein levels of the µ- and κ-opioid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and paw tissue of rats within 3 h of the injection. Using conformation state-sensitive antibodies that recognize activated opioid receptors, we show that PGE2, alone does not increase the activation of these opioid receptors but that in the presence of PGE2, the activation of specific opioid receptors by CRP and selective µ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists (positive controls) increases. Furthermore, PGE2 down-regulated the expression and activation of the δ-opioid receptor. CRP increased the level of activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in cultured DRG neurons, and this increase was dependent on the activation of protein kinase Cζ. This CRP effect was much more prominent when the cells were pretreated with PGE2. These results indicate that the expression and activation of peripheral opioid receptors by opioid-like drugs can be up- or down-regulated in the presence of an acute injury and that acute tissue injury enhances the efficacy of peripheral opioids.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/isolation & purification
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Crotalus/metabolism
- Dinoprostone
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/immunology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/genetics
- Hyperalgesia/immunology
- Male
- Peptides/isolation & purification
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yara Cury
- Laboratório Especial de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ignarro RS, Vieira AS, Sartori CR, Langone F, Rogério F, Parada CA. JAK2 inhibition is neuroprotective and reduces astrogliosis after quinolinic acid striatal lesion in adult mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 48-49:14-22. [PMID: 23403094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) striatal lesion in rodents induces neuronal death, astrogliosis and migration of neuroblasts from subventricular zone to damaged striatum. These phenomena occur in some human neurodegenerative illnesses, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effect of AG490, a Janus-kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, on astrogliosis, neuronal loss and neurogenesis in the striatum of adult mice after unilateral infusion of QA (30 nmol). Animals were given subcutaneous injections of AG490 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle immediately after lesion and then once daily for six days. Brain sections were used for neuronal stereological quantification, immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyses for GFAP and doublecortin, markers of astrocytes and neuroblasts, respectively. The total area of doublecortin-positive cells (ADPC) and the number of neurons (NN) in the lesioned (L) and contralateral (CL) sides were evaluated. Neurogenesis index (NI=ADPC(L)/ADPC(CL)) and neuronal ratio (NR=NN(L)/NN(CL)) were calculated. After QA administration, blotting for GFAP showed an ipsilateral decrease of 19% in AG490- vs vehicle-treated animals. NR was 25% higher in mice given AG490 vs controls given vehicle. NI showed a decrease of 21% in AG490- vs vehicle-treated mice. Our results indicate that JAK2 inhibition reduces QA lesion and suggest that astrogliosis may impair neuronal survival in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Silvestre Ignarro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Torres-Chávez KE, Sanfins JM, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Pelegrini-Da-Silva A, Parada CA, Fischer L, Tambeli CH. Effect of gonadal steroid hormones on formalin-induced temporomandibular joint inflammation. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:204-16. [PMID: 22323373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that gonadal steroid hormones decrease formalin-induced temporomandibular joint nociception in rats. Given that the attenuation of inflammation is a potential mechanism underlying this antinociceptive effect, we evaluated the effect of gonadal steroid hormones on formalin-induced temporomandibular joint inflammation. Plasma extravasation, a major sign of acute inflammation, and neutrophil migration, an important event related to tissue injury, were evaluated. Formalin induced significantly lower temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration in proestrus females than in males and in diestrus females. Since estradiol serum level is high in proestrus females and low in diestrus females and in males, these findings suggest that the high physiological level of estradiol decreases temporomandibular joint inflammation. Estradiol but not progesterone administration in ovariectomized females significantly decreased formalin-induced plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration, an effect that was blocked by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780. Plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration were not affected by orchiectomy, but testosterone or estradiol administration in orchidectomized males significantly decreased them. The androgen receptor antagonist flutamide blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of testosterone while ICI 182780 blocked that of estradiol in males. Previous intravenous administration of a nonspecific selectin inhibitor significantly decreased formalin-induced temporomandibular joint nociception and neutrophil migration in males, revealing a potent and positive correlation between temporomandibular joint nociception and inflammation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of estradiol and testosterone in the temporomandibular joint region and suggest that this effect may mediate, at least in part, the antinociceptive effect of these hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Torres-Chávez
- Department of Physiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fávaro-Moreira NC, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Blockade of β₁-, β₂- and β₃-adrenoceptors in the temporomandibular joint induces antinociception especially in female rats. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:1302-10. [PMID: 22438216 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) receives rich sympathetic innervations that may contribute to TMJ pain through the local release of sympathomimetic amines. The aim of this study was to determine whether blockade of β-adrenoceptors in the TMJ of male and female rats reduces formalin-induced TMJ nociceptive behaviour. METHODS We co-administrated each one of the selective β(1) -, β(2) - and β(3) -adrenoceptors antagonists, atenolol, ICI 118.551 and SR59230A, respectively, with formalin in the TMJ of male and proestrus and dioestrus female rats. Because intra-temporomandibular joint formalin induces significantly different concentration-dependent responses among the three groups, with dioestrus females showing greater responses than males or proestrus females, equi-nociceptive formalin concentrations were used to test the effects of the β-adrenoceptor antagonists. RESULTS We found that atenolol, ICI 118.551 and SR59230A significantly reduced formalin-induced TMJ nociception in a dose response fashion in both males and females. However, a lower dose of each β-adrenoceptor antagonist was sufficient to significantly reduce nociceptive responses in females than in males. Administration of the highest doses of each β-adrenoceptor antagonist in the TMJ contralateral to that receiving formalin did not affect formalin-induced nociception in males and females, confirming the local action of the β-adrenoceptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that blockade of β-adrenoceptors in the temporomandibular joint suppresses formalin-induced TMJ nociceptive behaviour in both males and females but females are more responsive. These findings suggest that the use of β-blockers in the treatment of TMJ pain might be of benefit, especially in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Fávaro-Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of centrally administered cannabinoids on body core temperature (Tc) and the contribution of endogenous cannabinoids to thermoregulation and fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Sigma Chem. Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Drug-induced changes in Tc of male Wistar rats were recorded over 6 h using a thermistor probe (Yellow Springs Instruments 402, Dayton, OH, USA) inserted into the rectum. KEY RESULTS Injection of anandamide [(arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA); Tocris, Ellisville, MO, USA], 0.01-1 microg i.c.v. or 0.1-100 ng intra-hypothalamic (i.h.), induced graded increases in Tc (peaks 1.5 and 1.6 degrees C at 4 h after 1 microg i.c.v. or 10 ng i.h.). The effect of AEA (1 microg, i.c.v.) was preceded by decreases in tail skin temperature and heat loss index (values at 1.5 h: vehicle 0.62, AEA 0.48). Bell-shaped curves were obtained for the increase in Tc induced by the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl] N-cyclohexylcarbamate (Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA) (0.001-1 ng i.c.v.; peak 1.9 degrees C at 5 h after 0.1 ng) and arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA; Tocris) (selective CB(1) agonist; 0.001-1 microg i.c.v.; peak 1.4 degrees C 5 h after 0.01 microg), but (R,S)-(+)-(2-Iodo-5-nitrobenzoyl)-[1-(1-methyl-piperidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-yl] methanone (Tocris) (selective CB(2) agonist) had no effect on Tc. AEA-induced fever was unaffected by i.c.v. pretreatment with 6-Iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indole-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl) methanone (Tocris) (selective CB(2) antagonist), but reduced by i.c.v. pretreatment with N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251; Tocris) (selective CB(1) antagonist). AM251 also reduced the fever induced by ACEA or LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The endogenous cannabinoid AEA induces an integrated febrile response through activation of CB(1) receptors. Endocannabinoids participate in the development of the febrile response to LPS constituting a target for antipyretic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fraga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cunha JM, Funez MI, Cunha FQ, Parada CA, Ferreira SH. Streptozotocin-induced mechanical hypernociception is not dependent on hyperglycemia. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:197-206. [PMID: 19274348 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is a widely used model of painful diabetic neuropathy, the aim of the present study was to design a rational protocol to investigate whether the development of mechanical hypernociception induced by STZ depends exclusively on hyperglycemia. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g; N = 6-7 per group) received a single intravenous injection of STZ at three different doses (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg). Only the higher dose (40 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and deficiency in weight gain. However, all STZ-treated rats (hyperglycemic or not) developed persistent (for at least 20 days) and indistinguishable bilateral mechanical hypernociception that was not prevented by daily insulin treatment (2 IU twice a day, sc). Systemic morphine (2 mg/kg) but not local (intraplantar) morphine treatment (8 microg/paw) significantly inhibited the mechanical hypernociception induced by STZ (10 or 40 mg/kg). In addition, intraplantar injection of STZ at doses that did not cause hyperglycemia (30, 100 or 300 microg/paw) induced ipsilateral mechanical hypernociception for at least 8 h that was inhibited by local and systemic morphine treatment (8 microg/paw or 2 mg/kg, respectively), but not by dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, sc). The results of this study demonstrate that systemic administration of STZ induces mechanical hypernociception that does not depend on hyperglycemia and intraplantar STZ induces mechanical sensitization of primary sensory neurons responsive to local morphine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duarte PM, de Oliveira MCG, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Casati MZ, Nociti FH. Overexpression of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 may play an important role in periodontal breakdown in type 2 diabetic patients. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:377-81. [PMID: 17559636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether the biochemical changes associated with type 2 diabetes modulate the expression of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interferon-gamma in sites with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsies were harvested and divided into three groups: group 1, systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (n = 10); group 2, systemically healthy subjects with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis (probing depth > 6 mm) (n = 20); and group 3, type 2 diabetic subjects with periodontitis (n = 20). Cytokine levels were assessed in the gingival tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated that the interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interferon-gamma levels were higher in the presence of periodontal inflammation than in the absence of inflammation, regardless of systemic status. The interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 levels were higher in diabetic subjects (group 3) than in systemically healthy patients with comparable types of periodontitis (group 2). No difference was observed for the interleukin-8 and interferon-gamma levels between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that type 2 diabetes was associated with increased expression of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in periodontally inflamed tissues of diabetic patients, relative to nondiabetic subjects, and that such overexpression may be involved in the mechanisms by which type 2 diabetes enhances periodontal destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Duarte
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spence EJ, Nornberg MD, Jacobson CM, Parada CA, Taylor NZ, Kendrick RD, Forest CB. Turbulent diamagnetism in flowing liquid sodium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:164503. [PMID: 17501423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.164503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The nature of Ohm's law is examined in a turbulent flow of liquid sodium. A magnetic field is applied to the flowing sodium, and the resulting magnetic field is measured. The mean velocity field of the sodium is also measured in an identical-scale water model of the experiment. These two fields are used to determine the terms in Ohm's law, indicating the presence of currents driven by a turbulent electromotive force. These currents result in a diamagnetic effect, generating magnetic field in opposition to the dominant fields of the experiment. The magnitude of the fluctuation-driven magnetic field is comparable to that of the field induced by the sodium's mean flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Spence
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oliveira MCG, Pelegrini-da-Silva A, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. 5-HT acts on nociceptive primary afferents through an indirect mechanism to induce hyperalgesia in the subcutaneous tissue. Neuroscience 2007; 145:708-14. [PMID: 17257768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that s.c.-injected 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces nociception by an indirect action on the primary afferent nociceptor in addition to its previously described direct action. Although the mechanisms mediating hyperalgesia can be quite separate and distinct from those mediating nociception, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 5-HT induces mechanical hyperalgesia by mechanisms similar to those mediating nociception. s.c. injection of 5-HT induced a dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia measured by the mechanical paw withdrawal nociceptive threshold test in the rat. 5-HT-induced hyperalgesia was significantly reduced by local blockade of the 5-HT(3) receptor by tropisetron, by the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan, by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, by guanethidine depletion of norepinephrine in the sympathetic terminals, and by local blockade of the beta(1)- or beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by atenolol or ICI 118,551, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that like nociception, hyperalgesia induced by the injection of 5-HT in the s.c. tissue is also mediated by an indirect action of 5-HT on the primary afferent nociceptor. This indirect hyperalgesic action of 5-HT is mediated by a combination of mechanisms involved in inflammation such as neutrophil migration and the local release of prostaglandin and norepinephrine. However, in contrast to nociception, hyperalgesia induced by 5-HT in the s.c. tissue is mediated by a norepinephrine-dependent mechanism that involves the activation of peripheral beta(2) adrenoceptors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Afferent Pathways/drug effects
- Afferent Pathways/metabolism
- Afferent Pathways/physiopathology
- Animals
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Male
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Nociceptors/physiopathology
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Pain Threshold/physiology
- Prostaglandins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/metabolism
- Selectins/drug effects
- Selectins/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/physiopathology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Skin/innervation
- Skin/physiopathology
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/drug effects
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C G Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901, Zip Code 13414-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ferrari LF, Cunha FQ, Parada CA, Ferreira SH. A novel technique to perform direct intraganglionar injections in rats. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 159:236-43. [PMID: 16973217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes a simple method for direct drug administration into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in anesthetized rats. This technique does not involve surgery, is easy to learn and allows behavioral testing within minutes after the injection. Based on landmarks that target the L5 DRG, an orifice was created with a guide needle through which a specially designed needle was inserted for solution injection. Its introduction into the ganglia was ensured by the triggering of an ipsilateral hindpaw reflex. The precision of the technique was checked by injections of the biological dye Pontamine Sky Blue (PSB) or C14-labeled arginine. There was no leakage of the dye to the surrounding tissues after a single 4 microl or three successive 2.5 microl injections (at 30-min intervals). Moreover, identical effects were observed with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), morphine or glibenclamide injected intraplantarly or in the DRG, thus confirming the precision of the method and suggesting that the ganglion cells and peripheral nociceptors may display similar receptor population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14049-900 -- Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Santodomingo-Garzón T, Cunha TM, Verri WA, Valério DAR, Parada CA, Poole S, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Atorvastatin inhibits inflammatory hypernociception. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:14-22. [PMID: 16865092 PMCID: PMC1629407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase used to prevent coronary heart disease. We have studied the analgesic effect of atorvastatin in inflammatory models in which a sequential release of mediators (bradykinin, (BK), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the chemokine, KC/CXCL) links the stimulus with release of directly acting hypernociceptive mediators such as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of orally administered atorvastatin on inflammatory mechanical hypernociception in mouse paws were evaluated with an electronic pressure-meter. Cytokines and PGE(2) were measured by ELISA and RIA. KEY RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin for 3 days dose-dependently reduced hypernociception induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or that following antigen challenge in sensitized animals. Atorvastatin pre-treatment reduced hypernociception induced by bradykinin and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC), and the release of IL-1beta and PGE(2) in paw skin, induced by lipopolysaccharide. The antinociceptive effect of atorvastatin on LPS-induced hypernociception was prevented by mevalonate co-treatment without affecting serum cholesterol levels. Hypernociception induced by PGE(2) was inhibited by atorvastatin, suggesting intracellular antinociceptive mechanisms for atorvastatin. The antinociceptive effect of atorvastatin upon LPS- or PGE(2)-induced hypernociception was prevented by non-selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) but not by selective inhibition of inducible NOS or in mice lacking this enzyme. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Antinociceptive effects of atorvastatin depend on inhibition of cytokines and prostanoid production and on stimulation of NO production by constitutive NOS. Our study suggests that statins may constitute a novel class of analgesic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Santodomingo-Garzón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W A Verri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A R Valério
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Poole
- Division of Immunology and Endocrinology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, UK
| | - S H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tambeli CH, Oliveira MCG, Clemente JT, Pelegrini-da-Silva A, Parada CA. A novel mechanism involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced nociception: The indirect activation of primary afferents. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1517-24. [PMID: 16750893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine induces nociception by an indirect action on the primary afferent nociceptor in addition to its previously described direct action. Injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine into the s.c. tissue of the hind paw of rats produced nociceptive flinch behavior and inflammatory cell migration, that were significantly reduced by the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced nociception was also significantly reduced by local blockade of the 5-HT3 receptor by tropisetron, by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and by local blockade of the beta1-adrenergic receptor or of the D1 receptor by atenolol or SCH 23390, respectively. Neither guanethidine depletion of norepinephrine in the sympathetic terminals nor local blockade of the beta2-adrenergic receptor by ICI-118,551 significantly reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced nociception. Taken together, these findings indicate that 5-hydroxytryptamine induces nociception by a novel, indirect and norepinephrine-independent mechanism mediated by neutrophil migration and local release of prostaglandin and dopamine. Furthermore, to test whether dopamine acts on beta1-adrenergic and/or D1 receptor to contribute to 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced nociception, dopamine was s.c. injected either alone or combined with atenolol or with SCH 23390. S.c.-injected dopamine also produced a dose-dependent nociceptive behavior that was significantly reduced by both SCH 23390 and atenolol. Based on that it is proposed that dopamine, once released, activates D1 and beta1-adrenergic receptors to contribute to 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Tambeli
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 901 Limeira Avenue, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parada CA, Reichling DB, Levine JD. Chronic hyperalgesic priming in the rat involves a novel interaction between cAMP and PKCepsilon second messenger pathways. Pain 2005; 113:185-90. [PMID: 15621379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toward the goal of defining new pharmacological targets for the treatment of chronic pain conditions, in previous studies we established a model, termed 'hyperalgesic priming,' in which an acute inflammatory stimulus causes a long-lasting latent susceptibility to hyperalgesia induced by subsequent exposures to the inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Those investigations suggested the hypothesis that priming induces a novel linkage between the PGE2-activated second messenger cascade and the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon). In the present study, comparison of dose-response relations for hyperalgesia produced by PGE2, forskolin, 8-Br-cAMP, or the protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit, in primed versus normal animals, demonstrated that priming-induced enhancement of the PGE2-activated second messenger cascade occurs downstream to adenylate cyclase and upstream to PKA. Therefore, PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the primed animal is enhanced by the recruitment of a novel cAMP/PKCepsilon signaling pathway in addition to the usual cAMP/PKA pathway. These observations suggest that pharmacological disruption of the novel interaction between cAMP and PKCepsilon might provide a route toward the development of highly specific methods to reverse cellular processes that underlie chronic pain states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to compare the sensitivity of an electronic nociceptive mechanical paw test with classical mechanical tests to quantify the intensity variation of inflammatory nociception. The electronic pressure-meter test consists of inducing the hindpaw flexion reflex by poking the plantar region with a polypropylene pipette tip adapted to a hand-held force transducer. This method was compared with the classical von Frey filaments test and with the rat paw constant pressure test, a modification of the Randall and Selitto test developed by our group. When comparing the three methods, the electronic pressure-meter and the rat paw constant pressure test, but not the von Frey filaments test, detected time vs treatment interactions in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced hypernociception. Both methods also detected the PGE2-induced hypernociception in dose- (50-400 ng/paw) and time- (1-4 h) dependent manners, and time vs treatment interactions induced by carrageenin (25-400 microg/paw). Furthermore, the electronic pressure-meter test was more sensitive at early times, whereas the constant pressure test was more sensitive at later times. Moreover, the electronic pressure-meter test detected the dose-dependent antinociceptive effect of local indomethacin (30-300 microg/paw) and dipyrone (80-320 microg/paw) on carrageenin- (200 microg/paw) and PGE2- (100 ng/paw) induced hypernociception, respectively, and also detected the ineffectiveness of indomethacin (300 microg) on the effect of PGE2. Our results show that the electronic pressure-meter provides a sensitive, objective and quantitative mechanical nociceptive test that could be useful to characterize new nociceptive inflammatory mediators and also to evaluate new peripheral analgesic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G G Vivancos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cunha TM, Verri WA, Vivancos GG, Moreira IF, Reis S, Parada CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. An electronic pressure-meter nociception paw test for mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:401-7. [PMID: 15060710 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to describe and validate an electronic mechanical test for quantification of the intensity of inflammatory nociception in mice. The electronic pressure-meter test consists of inducing the animal hindpaw flexion reflex by poking the plantar region with a polypropylene pipette tip adapted to a hand-held force transducer. This method was compared to the classical von Frey filaments test in which pressure intensity is automatically recorded after the nociceptive hindpaw flexion reflex. The electronic pressure-meter and the von Frey filaments were used to detect time versus treatment interactions of carrageenin-induced hypernociception. In two separate experiments, the electronic pressure-meter was more sensitive than the von Frey filaments for the detection of the increase in nociception (hypernociception) induced by small doses of carrageenin (30 microg). The electronic pressure-meter detected the antinociceptive effect of non-steroidal drugs in a dose-dependent manner. Indomethacin administered intraperitoneally (1.8-15 mg/kg) or intraplantarly (30-300 microg/paw) prevented the hypersensitive effect of carrageenin (100 microg/paw). The electronic pressure-meter also detected the hypernociceptive effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 10-100 ng) in a dose-dependent manner. The hypernociceptive effect of PGE2 (100 ng) was blocked by dipyrone (160 and 320 microg/paw) but not by intraplantar administration of indomethacin (300 microg/paw). The present results validate the use of the electronic pressure-meter as more sensitive than the von Frey filaments in mice. Furthermore, it is an objective and quantitative nociceptive test for the evaluation of the peripheral antinociceptive effect of anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin) or directly block the ongoing hypernociception (dipyrone).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Recently we demonstrated that a single 3-day episode of carrageenan-induced acute cutaneous inflammation can create a chronic state of increased susceptibility to inflammatory hyperalgesia. In this latent "primed" state, although there is no ongoing hyperalgesia, the hyperalgesic response to subsequent challenges with inflammatory agent (prostaglandin E2; PGE2) is greatly enhanced. Furthermore, the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in primed skin was found to require activity of the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon), a second messenger that is not required for PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in control animals. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that activity of PKCepsilon not only plays a critical role in the expression of primed PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, but also in the development and maintenance of the primed state itself. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was employed to produce a decrease in PKCepsilon in the nerve, verified by Western blot analysis. PKCepsilon was found to be essential both for the development of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesic priming, as well as for the maintenance of the primed state. Furthermore, hyperalgesic priming could be induced by an agonist of PKCepsilon (pseudo-receptor octapeptide for activated PKCepsilon) at a dose that itself causes no hyperalgesia. The finding that transient inhibition of PKCepsilon can not only prevent the development of priming, but can also terminate a fully developed state of priming suggests the possibility that selective targeting PKCepsilon might be an effective new strategy in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Room C-555, Campus Box 0440, NIH Pain Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parada CA, Vivancos GG, Tambeli CH, Cunha FDQ, Ferreira SH. Activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors coupled to NaV1.8-resistant sodium channel C-fibers causes retrograde mechanical nociceptor sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:2923-8. [PMID: 12589028 PMCID: PMC151442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.252777799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether activation of presynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord produces a retrograde nociceptor sensitization (hypernociception) to mechanical nonnoxious stimulus. By using an electronic version of the von Frey hair test (pressure meter), s.c. intraplantar administration of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) (50-400 ng per paw) evoked a dose-related ipsilateral paw hypernociception. In contrast, intrathecal (i.t.) administration of NMDA (5-80 ng) and PGE(2) (15-150 ng) evoked dose-related bilateral paw hypernociception. The s.c. intraplantar administration of dipyrone (80-320 microg per paw) or morphine (3 and 9 microg per paw), usually used to antagonize peripheral PGE(2) (100 ng per paw), induced hypernociception and also antagonized the ipsilateral (without affecting the contralateral) paw hypernociception induced by i.t. injections of NMDA (40 ng) or PGE(2) (50 ng). These doses of drugs did not modify the basal mechanical sensitivity of control paws. This result shows that intraspinal NMDA or PGE(2) produces sensitization of the primary sensory neuron in response to mechanical stimulation. In a second series of experiments it was shown that the i.t. treatment with NaV1.8 (SNS/PN3) sodium channel antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, but not mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides, decreased the mRNA expression of sodium tetrodotoxin-resistant channels on the dorsal root ganglia and abolished the mechanical hypernociception induced by i.t. administration of NMDA. Thus, our results support the suggestion that glutamate release in the spinal cord during inflammation causes retrograde hypernociception of nociceptors associated with sodium tetrodotoxin-resistant channels in primary nociceptive sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Formalin injected subcutaneously into the paw is a widely used model of pain. This procedure evokes a short-lasting period of flinching (phase 1) and a long-lasting period of intense flinching (phase 2) following a very short period of quiescence. Phase 2 has been extensively used to support the involvement of central (spinal cord) sensitization in inflammatory hyperalgesia. The present study evaluated the contribution of stimulation of peripheral nociceptors by the release of endogenous mediators at the site of lesion. The participation of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated by the treatment of the rat hindpaws with selective histamine H1 (pyrilamine and meclizine) and histamine H2 (cimetidine) receptor antagonists or selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) (WAY100,135) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(4/3) (tropisetron) receptor antagonists. The co-administration of pyrilamine or meclizine with formalin (1%) significantly reduced phases 1 and 2, while cimetidine had no effect. Pyrilamine administration during the period of quiescence (10min after formalin administration) caused strong dose-related inhibition of phase 2. The co-administration of tropisetron with formalin caused a blockade of both phases, while with WAY100,135 caused only inhibition of the phase 2. In contrast, tropisetron administrated during the period of quiescence did not cause antinociception. Histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors could be strongly activated in naïve animals by administration of a mixture of both agonists or compound 48/80 (2microg/paw) which is known to release both mediators from mast cells. Pretreatment of the paws with a mast cell stabilizer, sodium cromoglycate, significantly reduced the second phase of the formalin injection model. From these results we suggest that phases 1 and 2 of the formalin test are dependent upon the ongoing afferent input. Furthermore, while histamine H1 participates in both phases, 5-hydroxytryptamine(4/3) participates in phase 1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) in phase 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The HIV-1-encoded Tat protein controls transcription elongation by increasing processivity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Here, we have identified a Tat stimulatory activity (Tat-SF) as a novel RNA Pol II-containing complex. Remarkably, Tat-SF contains the previously identified Tat cofactors Tat-SF1, P-TEFb and hSPT5/Tat-CT1, in addition to RNA Pol II and other unidentified polypeptides, but none of the SRB/MED proteins or other factors found associated with the previously described RNA Pol II holoenzyme complex. Tat-SF supports basal, Sp1-activated and Tat-activated transcription in a reconstituted system, and a Tat-SF-derived fraction lacking RNA Pol II can complement non-responsive RNA Pol II complexes for Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription, indicating that Tat-SF contains factors that are critical for Tat function. Both Tat-SF and RNA Pol II holoenzyme are present in HeLa nuclear extracts and each can be recruited to the HIV-1 promoter. Our results indicate that Tat-SF is a Tat cofactor-containing RNA Pol II complex whose recruitment to the promoter provides elongation factors important for Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription following TAR RNA synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Extracellular recordings of convergent neurons of the oralis subnucleus of the trigeminal sensory complex were performed in paralysed rats under halothane-N2O-O2 anesthesia using glass micropipettes. The effects of MK801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, were observed on the increased cell activity (wind-up), triggered by the repetition, at a low frequency (0.66 Hz) and high intensity (3 times the threshold of C-fiber response), of electrical stimulation of the receptive field. Successive cumulative doses (up to 1 mg/kg) of MK801 i.v. resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the responses related to C-fiber input (11 cells). A single dose of 1 mg/kg applied in four cells had effects similar to the 1 mg/kg dose given cumulatively. Three units were either weakly or not modified by MK801. In a second experiment, recordings were performed in 12 cells for 80 min after an injection of a small dose of MK801 (0.15 mg/kg). C input was not significantly modified by the antagonist. The effects of MK801 on the first part of the wind-up response (wind-up proper) peaked between 15 and 50 min and returned to control values at about 80 min. The effects on the postdischarge followed approximately the same time course. It is concluded that despite being devoid of substantia gelatinosa, the oralis subnucleus contains neurons that display an NMDA receptor-linked wind-up similar to the phenomenon described in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Oro-faciale, U.F.R. d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The protein Tat is encoded by the HIV-1 genome and is essential for viral replication because of its activation of viral transcription. Tat enhances the ability of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to move long distances down the DNA through a poorly understood mechanism that involves its binding the to the 5' end of the nascent HIV-1 transcript. It has been suggested that the stimulation of transcript elongation by conventional DNA-binding activators may involve phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II by the transcription factor TFIIH through the associated CAK kinase. Here we show that Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription in vitro requires both TFIIH and the CTD of Pol II. In addition, Tat, through its activation domain, both interacts with a functional TFIIH-containing complex and stimulates phosphorylation of a CTD-containing substrate by the TFIIH kinase. Under conditions that jointly restrict transcriptional elongation and TFIIH-mediated CTD phosphorylation, Tat stimulates both these activities. Furthermore, RNA synthesis is required for Tat to stimulate phosphorylation of the CTD when it is part of an initiation complex, as expected from Tat's interaction with viral transcripts. Thus, stimulation of Pol II elongation by Tat may involve direct effects on TFIIH-mediated CTD phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The cellular factor, LBP-1, can repress HIV-1 transcription by preventing the binding of TFIID to the promoter. Here we have analyzed the effect of recombinant LBP-1 on HIV-1 transcription in vitro by using a "pulse-chase" assay. LBP-1 had no effect on initiation from a preformed preinitiation complex and elongation to position +13 ("pulse"). However, addition of LBP-1 after RNA polymerase was stalled at +13 strongly inhibited further elongation ("chase") by reducing RNA polymerase processivity. Severe mutations of the high affinity LBP-1 binding sites between -4 and +21 did not relieve the LBP-1-dependent block. However, LBP-1 could bind independently to upstream low affinity sites (-80 to -4), suggesting that these sites mediate the effect of LBP-1 on elongation. These results demonstrate a novel function of LBP-1, restricting HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation. In addition, Tat was found to suppress the antiprocessivity effect of LBP-1 on HIV-1 transcription in nuclear extracts. These findings strongly suggest that LBP-1 may provide a natural mechanism for restricting the elongation of HIV-1 transcripts and that this may be a target for the action of Tat in enhancing transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parada CA, Marians KJ. Mechanism of DNA A protein-dependent pBR322 DNA replication. DNA A protein-mediated trans-strand loading of the DNA B protein at the origin of pBR322 DNA. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:18895-906. [PMID: 1918006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
pBR322 DNA can be replicated via a DNA A-dependent pathway mediated by its binding to the two DNA A-binding sites (dnaA boxes) present near the plasmid origin. DNA synthesis requires the transcription of RNA II (the leading-strand primer precursor) to generate a specific unwound structure in the region containing the dnaA boxes. In this structure, the DNA containing the dnaA boxes can take the form of either a RNA II-parental H strand pBR322 DNA hybrid opposed by the displaced parental L strand (in the absence of RNase H and DNA polymerase I), or a nascent leading strand-parental H strand DNA duplex opposed by the displaced parental L strand (in the presence of RNase H and DNA polymerase I). These findings defined three types of potential sites for productive DNA A binding: (i) the displaced parental L single strand, (ii) a hairpin formed by the inverted repeat of the two dnaA boxes, and (iii) either the RNA-DNA duplex or the nascent leading strand-parental DNA duplex. By using a combination of: (i) inhibition of the replication of a plasmid carrying oriC by oligonucleotides of various dnaA box sequences and conformation, (ii) a gel mobility shift assay to measure DNA A binding to the same oligonucleotide substrates, (iii) replication of pBR322 DNA templates with either one or no dnaA box, and (iv) photocross-linking to demonstrate DNA A binding to an RNA-DNA hybrid, evidence is presented here that DNA A-mediated pBR322 DNA replication proceeds by a mechanism in which DNA A binds to the duplex side of the unwound origin structures and loads the DNA B protein in trans to the displaced parental L strand DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Program in Molecular Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parada CA, Marians KJ. Transcriptional activation of pBR322 DNA can lead to duplex DNA unwinding catalyzed by the Escherichia coli preprimosome. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:15120-9. [PMID: 2475495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that could operate to initiate pBR322 DNA replication in the absence of RNase H and DNA polymerase I are described. Two different pathways leading to extensive unwinding of pBR322 DNA have been observed under DNA replication reaction conditions in vitro. In the presence of RNA polymerase and DNA gyrase, specifically initiated RNA II (the leading-strand primer precursor) can form an RNA-DNA hybrid with the template that starts just upstream of the origin of DNA replication and continues for about 3 kilobases. Subsequent digestion of the RNA in this RNA-pBR322 DNA hybrid results in the formation of a highly unwound DNA termed form I. If DNA gyrase is absent during the RNA polymerase-catalyzed elongation of RNA II, a stable RNA-pBR322 DNA hybrid can still form that is localized to the origin region of the genome. Formation of this hybrid activates the primosome assembly site present on the lagging-strand DNA template, by displacing it to a single-stranded conformation, thereby allowing preprimosome assembly. Once assembled, the DNA helicase activity of the preprimosome, in the presence of the single-stranded DNA binding protein and DNA gyrase but in the absence of any further transcription, can also result in extensive unwinding of pBR322 DNA. The product of this reaction, form I DNA, is more unwound than form I DNA. The formation of both form I and form I DNA is inhibited by the presence of excess RNA I, as well as by RNase H at concentrations sufficient to catalyze the normal processing of RNA II required for initiation of leading-strand DNA synthesis. These results suggest that RNA II-pBR322 DNA hybrid formation is essential to permit preprimosome assembly during pBR322 DNA replication under conditions where both RNase H and DNA polymerase I are absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Parada
- Program in Molecular Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York 10021
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Parada CA, Marians KJ. Transcriptional Activation of pBR322 DNA Can Lead to Duplex DNA Unwinding Catalyzed by the Escherichia coli Preprimosome. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|