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Patel K, Patel DK. Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Artemetin from Traditional to Modern Medicine: An Update on Pharmacological Activities and Analytical Aspects. Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov 2024; 19:RAAIDD-EPUB-137826. [PMID: 38275071 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344266027231215105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant products derived from natural sources have been used in medicine as a raw material and newer kinds of drug molecules in pharmaceuticals and other allied health sectors. Phytochemicals have numerous medicinal potentials, including anti- ageing, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity in medicine. Development and biological application of herbal products in modern medicine signified the value of traditional medicinal plants in health care systems. METHODS The objective of the present study was to explore the scientific knowledge of the medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of artemetin in medicine. However, scientific investigations for their pharmacological activities in medicine have been done through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work collected from PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar in order to know the biological importance of artemetin in medicine. Moreover, analytical data of artemetin have also been discussed in the present work. RESULTS The present work and scientific data signified the biological potential of artemetin in medicine. Artemetin has been derived from numerous medicinal plants and dietary herbs, including Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia argyi, Achillea millefolium, and Vitex trifolia. Artemetin has anti-malarial, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, antitumoral, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and hepatoprotective effects. Further, the biological role of artemetin on lipid oxidation, cytokine production, lipoxygenase, and estrogen-like effects was also investigated in the present work. Analytical data on artemetin in the present paper signified their important role in the isolation, separation, and identification of different classes of pure phytochemicals, including artemetin in medicine. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis of artemetin signified its therapeutic potential in medicine for the development of newer scientific approaches for different human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Al-Sanea MM, Abdel-Maksoud MS, El-Behairy MF, Hamdi A, Ur Rahman H, Parambi DGT, Elbargisy RM, Mohamed AAB. Anti-inflammatory effect of 3-fluorophenyl pyrimidinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as p38α inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106716. [PMID: 37459825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the anti-inflammatory effect of 30 compounds containing 3-fluorophenyl pyrimidinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole was investigated. All final target compounds showed significant Inhibitory effect on p38α. P38α is considered one of the key kinases in the inflammatory process due to its regulatory effect on pro-inflammatory mediators. The final target compounds divided into four group based on the type of terminal moiety (amide and sulfonamide) and the linker between pyrimidine ring and terminal moiety (ethyl and propyl). Most compounds with terminal sulfonamide moiety and propyl linker between the sulfonamide and pyrimidine ring were the most potent among all synthesized final target compounds with sub-micromolar IC50s. Compound 24g (with p-Cl benzene sulfonamide and propyl linker) exhibited the highest activity over P38α with IC50 0.68 µM. All final target compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide release and prostaglandin E2 production. Compounds having amide terminal moiety with ethyl linker showed higher inhibitory activity for nitric oxide release and compound 21d exhibited the highest activity for nitric oxide release with IC50 1.21 µM. Compounds with terminal sulfonamide moiety and propyl linker showed the highest activity for inhibiting PGE2 production and compounds 24i and 24g had the lowest IC50s with value 0.87 and 0.89 µM, respectively. Compounds 21d, 22d and 24g were tested for their ability to inhibit over expression of iNOS, COX1, and COX2. In addition the ability of compounds 21d, 22d and 24g to inhibit inflammatory cytokines were determined. Finally molecular docking of the three compounds were performed on P38α crystal structure to expect their mode of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Farrag El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della G T Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M Elbargisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A B Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Nasiri K, Masoumi SM, Amini S, Goudarzi M, Tafreshi SM, Bagheri A, Yasamineh S, Alwan M, Arellano MTC, Gholizadeh O. Recent advances in metal nanoparticles to treat periodontitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:283. [PMID: 37605182 PMCID: PMC10440939 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradual deterioration of the supporting periodontal tissues caused by periodontitis, a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, is thought to be triggered by the colonization of dysbiotic plaque biofilms in a vulnerable host. One of the most prevalent dental conditions in the world, periodontitis is now the leading factor in adult tooth loss. When periodontitis does develop, it is treated by scraping the mineralized deposits and dental biofilm off the tooth surfaces. Numerous studies have shown that non-surgical treatment significantly improves clinical and microbiological indices in individuals with periodontitis. Although periodontal parameters have significantly improved, certain bacterial reservoirs often persist on root surfaces even after standard periodontal therapy. Periodontitis has been treated with local or systemic antibiotics as well as scaling and root planning. Since there aren't many brand-new antibiotics on the market, several researchers are currently concentrating on creating alternate methods of combating periodontal germs. There is a delay in a study on the subject of nanoparticle (NP) toxicity, which is especially concerned with mechanisms of action, while the area of nanomedicine develops. The most promising of them are metal NPs since they have potent antibacterial action. Metal NPs may be employed as efficient growth inhibitors in a variety of bacteria, making them useful for the treatment of periodontitis. In this way, the new metal NPs contributed significantly to the development of efficient anti-inflammatory and antibacterial platforms for the treatment of periodontitis. The current therapeutic effects of several metallic NPs on periodontitis are summarized in this study. This data might be used to develop NP-based therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Amini
- School of Science and Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mina Goudarzi
- School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mobin Tafreshi
- School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bagheri
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mariem Alwan
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Liu J, Cui M, Wang Y, Wang J. Trends in parthenolide research over the past two decades: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17843. [PMID: 37483705 PMCID: PMC10362189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL) is a new compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, it has been proven to play an undeniable role in tumors, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Similarly, an increasing number of experiments have also confirmed the biological mechanism of PTL in these diseases. In order to better understand the development trend and potential hot spots of PTL in cancer and other diseases, we conducted a detailed bibliometric analysis. The purpose of presenting this bibliometric analysis was to highlight and inform researchers of the important research directions, co-occurrence relationships and research status in this field. Publications related to PTL research from 2002 to 2022 were extracted on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) platform. CiteSpace, VOSviewers and R package "bibliometrix" were applied to build relevant network diagrams. The bibliometric analysis was presented in terms of performance analysis (including publication statistics, top publishing countries, top publishing institutions, publishing journals and co-cited journals, authors and co-cited authors, co-cited references statistics, citation bursts statistics, keyword statistics and trend topic statistics) and science mapping (including citations by country, citations by institution, citations by journal, citations by author, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence). The detailed discussion of the results explained the focus and latest trends from the bibliometric analysis. Finally, the current status and shortcomings of the research field on PTLwere clearly pointed out for reference by scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huludao Central Hospital, 125000 Huludao, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Hospice Care, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110000 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Kumar K, Das R, Thapa B, Rakhecha B, Srivastava S, Savita K, Israr M, Chanda D, Banerjee D, Shanker K, Bawankule DU, Santini B, Di Paolo ML, Via LD, Passarella D, Negi AS. Dual targeted 2-Benzylideneindanone pendant hydroxamic acid group exhibits selective HDAC6 inhibition along with tubulin stabilization effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117300. [PMID: 37146520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetics has been recognised as an early event in tumour progression and aberrant acetylation of lysine in particular has been understood in tumorigenesis. Therefore, it has become an attractive target for anticancer drug development. However, HDAC inhibitors have limited success due to toxicity and drug resistance concerns. Present study deals with design and synthesis of bivalent indanone based HDAC6 and antitubulin ligands as anticancer agents. Two of the analogues 9 and 21 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities (IC50, 0.36-3.27 µM) and high potency against HDAC 6 enzyme. Compound 21 showed high selectivity against HDAC 6 while 9 exhibited low selectivity. Both the compounds also showed microtubule stabilization effects and moderate anti-inflammatory effect. Dual targeted anticancer agents with concomitant anti-inflammatory effects will be more attractive clinical candidates in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ranjana Das
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Barsha Thapa
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Bharti Rakhecha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sapna Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumari Savita
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Monazza Israr
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Benedetta Santini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India.
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Carballo-Casla A, García-Esquinas E, Lopez-Garcia E, Donat-Vargas C, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Ortolá R. The Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Pain Incidence: A Cohort Study in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:267-276. [PMID: 35512270 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance, evidence regarding pain prevention is inadequate. Leveraging the growing knowledge on how diet regulates inflammation, we examined the association of 3-year changes in the inflammatory potential of diet with pain incidence over the subsequent 3 years. METHODS We used data from 819 individuals aged ≥60 years and free of pain in 2012, drawn from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort. The inflammatory potential of diet was estimated via a validated diet history and 2 indices: the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII). The frequency, severity, and number of locations of incident pain were combined into a scale that classified participants as suffering from no pain, intermediate pain, or highest pain. RESULTS Shifting the diet toward a higher inflammatory potential was associated with subsequent increased risk of highest pain (fully-adjusted relative risk ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1-standard deviation increment in the DII and the EDII = 1.45 [1.16,1.80] and 1.21 [0.98,1.49], respectively) and intermediate pain (0.99 [0.75,1.31] and 1.37 [1.05,1.79]). The 3 components of the pain scale followed similar trends, the most consistent one being pain severity (moderate-to-severe pain: DII = 1.39 [1.11,1.74]; EDII = 1.35 [1.08,1.70]). The association of increasing DII with highest incident pain was only apparent among the less physically active participants (2.08 [1.53,2.83] vs 1.02 [0.76,1.37]; p-interaction = .002). CONCLUSION An increase in the inflammatory potential of diet was associated with higher pain incidence over the following years, especially among the less physically active participants. Future studies in older adults should assess the efficacy of pain prevention interventions targeting the inflammatory potential of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carballo-Casla
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Shahzad S, Batool Z, Afzal A, Haider S. Reversal of oxidative stress, cytokine toxicity and DNA fragmentation by quercetin in dizocilpine-induced animal model of Schizophrenia. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2793-2805. [PMID: 36152087 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenolic compound found in a variety of plant products possesses various biological activities and beneficial effects on human health. Schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the neuropsychiatric disorders in human beings with rapid mortality and intense morbidity which can be treated with antipsychotics, but these commercial drugs exert adverse effects and have less efficacy to treat the full spectrum of SZ. The present study was conducted to evaluate neuroprotective effects of quercetin in the preventive and therapeutic treatment of SZ. Quercetin was administered as pre- and post-regimens at the dose of 50 mg/kg in dizocilpine-induced SZ rat model for two weeks. Rats were then subjected for the assessment of different behaviors followed by biochemical, neurochemical, and inflammatory marker analyses. The present findings revealed that quercetin significantly reverses the effects of dizocilpine-induced psychosis-like symptoms in all behavioral assessments as well as it also combats oxidative stress. This flavonoid also regulates dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. A profound effect on inflammatory cytokines and decreased %DNA fragmentation was also observed following the administration of quercetin. The findings suggest that quercetin can be considered as a preventive as well as therapeutic strategy to attenuate oxidative stress and cytokine toxicity, regulate neurotransmission, and prevent enhanced DNA fragmentation that can lead to the amelioration of psychosis-like symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Shahzad
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Pakistan Navy Medical Training School and College, PNS Shifa, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Afzal
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA, Gomaa MA. Glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids, the golden nutraceuticals: multitargeting for treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 and prevention of post-COVID cognitive impairment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1977-1992. [PMID: 36136251 PMCID: PMC9493173 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Breakthrough infections have been reported in fully vaccinated persons. Furthermore, rebound symptoms have been reported following the new FDA granted emergency use to combat SARS-CoV-2. Glycyrrhizin (GR) and boswellic acids (BAs) combination has been shown to have highly successful actions against COVID-19 in our recent clinical trial. However, the study is limited by the small sample size, and therefore, the aim of this article is to comprehensively evaluate recent evidence on the efficacy of GR and BAs in preventing the development of COVID-19 in patients with mild and moderate infections and in preventing post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, which is the most important symptom after recovery from Covid-19 disease. We have reviewed and discussed information published since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic until July 2022 on preclinical (in vivo, in vivo and bioinformatics) and clinical studies related to the antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of Gr and BAs. Sixteen studies were performed to determine the efficacy of GR against SARS-CoV-2. Ten studies were used primarily for in vitro and in vivo assays and six used molecular docking studies. However, the antiviral activity of BAs against SARS-CoV-2 was determined in only five studies using molecular modeling and bioinformatics. All these studies confirmed that GR n and BAs have strong antiviral activity and can be used as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 and as a protective agent against SARS-CoV-2. They may act by inhibiting the main protease SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) responsible for replication and blocking spike protein-mediated cell entry. Only seven rigorously designed clinical trials regarding the usefulness of GR, BAs or their combinations in the treatment of COVID-19 have been published as of July 2022. Although there is no clinical study regarding the treatment of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 that has been published so far, several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential effect of GR and BAs in the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment by inhibiting the activity of several molecules that activate inflammatory signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of our study documented the beneficial use of GR and BAs to treat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and prevent post-COVID cognitive impairment. However, it warrants further studies with a larger randomized sample size to ensure that the studies have sufficient evidence of benefits against COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed A Gomaa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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9
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Singh N, Chawla HV, Kumar A, Singh S. Role of Vitamin A Supplementation in Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Narrative Review. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 36276889 PMCID: PMC9580552 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_683_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a novel viral infectious disease, which broke out in the end of winter season 2019 in China and soon became a pandemic. Characteristically there was severe local and systemic immune-inflammatory response to the virus, damaging the respiratory system and other organ systems. The morbidity and mortality caused by the disease are producing tremendous impact on health. The understanding about pathogenesis and manifestations of the disease was obscure. To date, no classic treatment or preventive measure was available for COVID-19 other than symptomatic and supportive care or few drugs under trial. A possibility exists that maintaining vitamin A adequate levels can protect the affected respiratory mucosa, increase antimicrobial activity, produce better antibody response, and have antiinflammatory effects, thereby promoting repair and healing as well. It has been discussed in the review that by various mechanisms, immune regulation through vitamin A supplementation is beneficial to boost immunity in the current outbreak situation when the population is susceptible to the disease. There is a high possibility that vitamin A supplementation to cases as well as population at risk of COVID-19 has a key role in prevention and control. Hence, it is believed that along with other therapeutic and preventive measures, maintaining vitamin A sufficiency during and prior to the development of active disease may act as an adjuvant in population at risk and cases to prevent and control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt Medical College Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Harsh Vardhan Chawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt Medical College Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine,Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt Medical College Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Arun Kumar, Department of Community Medicine, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt Medical College Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana. E-mail:
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt Medical College Nalhar, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India
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10
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Yu N, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Ye F, Fu Q. Healing effect of carboxymethyl chitosan-plantamajoside hydrogel on burn wound skin. Burns 2022; 48:902-914. [PMID: 35153110 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that hydrogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) have properties controling microbial growth, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoting collagen deposition. Plantamajoside (PMS), a natural Chinese herbal medicine with biological activity, has the properties of reducing inflammation, anti-oxidation, and promoting wound healing. However, the effects of carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel on partial thickness burn wounds remain unclear. METHODS The healing effect of carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel was evaluated by in vitro cell viability assay, cell migration assay, and further evaluated in a rat model of partial-thickness burn wounds. RESULTS The hydrogels were highly porous with a pore size of about 250 μm, and these pores were interconnected. After adding plantamajoside, a dense microstructure was further formed. The hydrogels containing 0.25% plantamajoside significantly increased the viability and migration of L929 cells (P < 0.05). Carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel significantly improved wound healing, granulation tissue proliferation and re-epithelialization, and promoted collagen deposition (P < 0.05). Carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel also significantly decreased IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel significantly promoted the expression levels of VEGF, CD31, α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and collagen III, and reduced the expression level of collagen Ⅰ (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that carboxymethyl chitosan/plantamajoside hydrogel promotes burn wound healing by accelerating angiogenesis and collagen deposition and reducing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, Shenyang l10004, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Tiexi, 110024, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 10th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Dadong District, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Tiexi, 110024, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Tiexi, 110024, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Hand Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Tiexi, 110024, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, Shenyang l10004, China.
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11
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Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RKK, Kumar D, Chaudhary SK, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. Revisiting liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. Phytomed Plus 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35403088 PMCID: PMC8683220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. METHOD Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. RESULTS The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Mohmmad Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, 31717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | | | - Vijay Singh Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Neeraj K Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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12
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Wang Y, Khan FA, Siddiqui M, Aamer M, Lu C, Choudhary MI. The genus Schefflera: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:113675. [PMID: 33301919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schefflera is the largest genus in the family Araliaceae, which contains 602 known species indigenous to Asia, Africa, and the southwest Pacific region, several of which are used in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review discusses current knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Schefflera species, to assess the medicinal potential of this genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature were explored using the keyword "Schefflera" in SciFinder®, Google Scholar®, and PubMed® databases. The taxonomy of all reported plants was authenticated using "The Plant List". Additional data on traditional uses was obtained from secondary references including books and online resources. RESULTS Fourteen species were documented as traditional medicines in China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, specifically to manage rheumatism, pain, and trauma. Other species are used in the treatment of liver disorders, skin conditions, respiratory infections, cancer, diarrhea, malaria, paralysis, and many other conditions. The main phytochemical constituents identified were triterpenoids and saponins, with sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Pharmacological properties of extracts and pure isolated compounds included analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimalarial, and antiallergic effects. CONCLUSION The reported biological activities of Schefflera species support their traditional uses, although the available data, even for medicinal species, was limited. Reports of chemical constituents or biological activities could be found for only about 20 species, but suggest that further investigation of efficacy and safety of the largely unexplored genus Schefflera is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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13
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Ozdemir R, Gokce IK, Taslidere AC, Tanbek K, Gul CC, Sandal S, Turgut H, Kaya H, Aslan M. Does Chrysin prevent severe lung damage in Hyperoxia-Induced lung injury Model? Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108033. [PMID: 34343938 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Chrysin (CH), an antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and antifibrotic drug, on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a neonatal rat model. METHODS Forty infant rats were divided into four groups labeled the Control, CH, BPD, and BPD + CH. The control and CH groups were kept in a normal room environment, while the BPD and BPD + CH groups were kept in a hyperoxic (90-95%) environment. At the end of the study, lung tissue was evaluated with respect to apoptosis, histopathological damage and alveolar macrophage score as well as oxidant capacity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation. RESULTS Compared to the BPD + CH and control groups, the lung tissues of the BPD group displayed substantially higher levels of MDA, TOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.05). While the BPD + CH group showed similar levels of TNF-α and IL-1β as the control group, MDA and TOS levels were higher than the control group, and significantly lower than the BPD group (p < 0.05). The BPD group exhibited considerably lower levels of TAS, SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The BPD and BPD + CH groups exhibited higher mean scores of histopathological damage and alveolar macrophage when compared to the control and CH groups (p ≤ 0.0001). Both scores were found to be lower in the BPD + CH group in comparison to the BPD group (p ≤ 0.0001). The BPD + CH group demonstrated a significantly lower average of TUNEL and caspase-3 positive cells than the BPD group. CONCLUSION We found that prophylaxis with CH results in lower histopathological damage score and reduces apoptotic cell count, inflammation and oxidative stress while increasing anti-oxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Ozdemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Kursat Gokce
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Asli Cetin Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kevser Tanbek
- Department of Physiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemile Ceren Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Turgut
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kaya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Kahveci FO, Kahveci R, Gokce EC, Gokce A, Kısa Ü, Sargon MF, Fesli R, Sarı MF, Gürer B. Biochemical, pathological and ultrastructural investigation of whether lamotrigine has neuroprotective efficacy against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury. Injury 2021; 52:2803-2812. [PMID: 34391576 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lamotrigine, an anticonvulsant drug with inhibition properties of multi-ion channels, has been shown to be able to attenuates secondary neuronal damage by influencing different pathways. The aim of this study was to look into whether lamotrigine treatment could protect the spinal cord from experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two rats, eight rats per group, were randomly assigned to the sham group in which only laparotomy was performed, and to the ischemia, methylprednisolone and lamotrigine groups, where the infrarenal aorta was clamped for thirty minutes to induce spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tissue samples belonging to spinal cords were harvested from sacrificed animals twenty-four hours after reperfusion. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, interleukin-1 beta levels, nitric oxide levels, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels and caspase-3 activity were studied. Light and electron microscopic evaluations were also performed to reveal the pathological alterations. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined-plane test was used to evaluate neurofunctional status at the beginning of the study and just before the animals were sacrificed. RESULTS Lamotrigine treatment provided significant improvement in the neurofunctional status by preventing the increase in cytokine expression, increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidant enzymes activity and increased apoptosis, all of which contributing to spinal cord damage through different paths after ischemia reperfusion injury. Furthermore, lamotrigine treatment has shown improved results concerning the histopathological and ultrastructural scores and the functional tests. CONCLUSION These results proposed that lamotrigine may be a useful therapeutic agent to prevent the neuronal damage developing after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozan Kahveci
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kahveci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Emre Cemal Gokce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gokce
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Üçler Kısa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Fesli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mersin VM Medical Park Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Fatih Sarı
- Department of Neurosurgery, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, İstinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Rabail R, Khan MR, Mehwish HM, Rajoka MSR, Lorenzo JM, Kieliszek M, Khalid AR, Shabbir MA, Aadil RM. An overview of chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) bioactive peptides' derivation and utilization as an emerging nutraceutical food. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2021; 26:643-654. [PMID: 34590473 DOI: 10.52586/4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chia (S. hispanica L.) is an annual herbaceous plant that has gained popularity for its seeds of high-quality vegetative proteins, richest contents of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFA), soluble dietary fiber, and great gelling ability, as well as its high contents of bioactive peptides of antioxidative and nutraceutical potential for many other clinical biomarkers. Such health protective bioactive peptides should be utilized for supplementation in the food and nutrition industries. This review was therefore designed to align the researches done on chia bioactive peptide's derivation, processing, consumption and to identify their antioxidative and nutraceutical potential for various disease biomarkers. The evidence gathered is fairly compelling for the health-promising nutraceutical and clinical potential of chia seed bioactive peptides as antioxidants, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Their assimilation into everyday diets has the potential to open new doors in health departments and food sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshina Rabail
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 980-8572 Sendai, Japan
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.,Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdur Rauf Khalid
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gozal D, Ismail M, Brockmann PE. Alternatives to surgery in children with mild OSA. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 7:228-235. [PMID: 34430830 PMCID: PMC8356096 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine requires coordinated and integrated evidence-based combinatorial approaches so that diagnosis and treatment can be tailored to the individual patient. In this context, the treatment approach to mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is fraught with substantial debate as to what is mild OSA, and as to what constitutes appropriate treatment. As such, it is necessary to first establish a proposed consensus of what criteria need to be employed to reach the diagnosis of mild OSA, and then examine the circumstances under which treatment is indicated, and if so, whether and when anti-inflammatory therapy (AIT), rapid maxillary expansion (RME), and/or myofunctional therapy (MFT) may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, and MU Women and Children's Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pablo E Brockmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Pediatric Sleep Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abuelizz HA, Al-Salahi R. An overview of triazoloquinazolines: Pharmacological significance and recent developments. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105263. [PMID: 34426148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocyclic rings have participated to constitute most of the drugs and several pharmacologically related compounds. The existence of such hetero atoms/groups in heterocyclic systems privileged specificities in their biological objectives. Particularly, quinazoline and triazole are biologically imperative platforms known to be linked with various pharmacological activities. Some of the prominent pharmacological responses ascribed to these systems are analgesic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiviral and antimalarial activities. This diversity in the pharmacological outputs for both triazole and quinazoline systems has encouraged the medicinal chemistry researchers to create several chemical routes aiming at the incorporation of two rings in one molecule named triazoloquinazoline system. This system has shown multiple potential activities against numerous targets. Correlation the specific structural features of triazoloquinazoline system with its pharmacological purposes has successively been achieved by performing several pharmacological examinations and structure-activity relationship studies. The development of triazoloquinazoline derivatives and the understanding of their pharmacological targets offer opportunities for novel therapeutics. This review mainly emphases on the medicinal chemistry aspects of triazoloquinazolines including synthesis, reactivity, biological activity and structure activity relationship studies (SARs). Moreover, this review collates literature reported by researchers on triazoquinazolines and provides detailed attention on their analogs pharmacological activities in the perspective of drug development and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Rabiu Z, Hamzah MAAM, Hasham R, Zakaria ZA. Characterization and antiinflammatory properties of fractionated pyroligneous acid from palm kernel shell. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:40535-40543. [PMID: 32418105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) obtained from slow pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) has high total phenolic contents and exhibits various biological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal. In this study, PA obtained using slow pyrolysis method and fractionated using column chromatography was characterized (chemical and antioxidative properties) and investigated for its cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition activities using the in vitro and in silico approaches. The F9 PA fraction exhibited highest total phenolic content of 181.75 ± 17.0 μg/mL. Fraction F21-25 showed ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (331.80 ± 4.60 mg TE/g) and IC50 of 18.56 ± 0.01 μg/mL towards COX-2 and 5.25 ± 0.03 μg/mL towards the 5-LOX enzymes, respectively. Molecular docking analysis suggested favourable binding energy for all chemical compounds present in fraction F21-25, notably 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, towards both COX-2 (- 6.9 kcal/mol) and 5-LOX (- 6.4 kcal/mol) enzymes. As a conclusion, PA from PKS has the potential to be used as an alternative antioxidant and antiinflammatory agents which is biodegradable and a more sustainable supply of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rabiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Northwest University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Amir Asyraf Mohd Hamzah
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnani Hasham
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Akmar Zakaria
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Koyuncuoğlu T, Demir D, Sucu G, Akakın D, Peker Eyüboğlu İ, Yüksel M, Çelikoğlu E, Yeğen BÇ, Gürer B. Neuroprotective Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Secondary Brain Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e392-e402. [PMID: 34224887 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), vehicle (0.1% Tween 80; n = 8), and CA (100 mg/kg) (n = 9). TBI was induced by the weight-drop model. In brain tissues, myeloperoxidase activity and the levels of luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, tumor growth factor β, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Brain injury was histopathologically graded after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Y-maze and novel object recognition tests were performed before TBI and within 24 hours of TBI. RESULTS Higher myeloperoxidase activity levels in the TBI group (P < 0.001) were suppressed in the CA group (P < 0.05). Luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which were increased in the TBI group (P < 0.001, for both), were decreased in the group that received CA treatment (P < 0.001 for both). Compared with the increased histologic damage scores in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus of the TBI group (P < 0.001), scores of the CA group were lower (P < 0.001). Decreased number of entries and spontaneous alternation percentage in the Y-maze test of the TBI group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) were not evident in the CA group. CONCLUSIONS CA has shown neuroprotective effects by limiting neutrophil recruitment, suppressing reactive oxygen species and reducing histologic damage and acute hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilan Demir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sucu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Azambuja G, Jorge CO, Gomes BB, Lourenço HR, Simabuco FM, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. Regular swimming exercise prevented the acute and persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia by modulation of macrophages phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines via PPARγ receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:462-476. [PMID: 33964434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active individuals are less likely to develop chronic pain, and physical exercise is an established strategy to control inflammatory diseases. Here, we hypothesized that 1) peripheral pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype contribute to predisposition of the musculoskeletal to chronic pain, and that 2) activation of PPARγ receptors, modulation of macrophage phenotypes and cytokines through physical exercise would prevent persistent muscle pain. We tested these hypotheses using swimming exercise, pharmacological and immunochemical techniques in a rodent model of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. Swimming prevented the persistent mechanical muscle hyperalgesia most likely through activation of PPARγ receptors, as well as activation of PPARγ receptors by 15d-PGJ2 and depletion of muscle macrophages in sedentary animals. Acute and persistent muscle hyperalgesia were characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages phenotype, and swimming and the 15d-PGJ2 prevented this increase and increased anti-inflammatory macrophages phenotype. Finally, IL-1β concentration in muscle increased in the acute phase, which was also prevented by PPARγ receptors activation through swimming. Besides, swimming increased muscle concentration of IL-10 in both acute and chronic phases, but only in the persistent phase through PPARγ receptors. Our findings suggest physical exercise activates PPARγ receptors and increases anti-inflammatory responses in the muscle tissue by modulating macrophages phenotypes and cytokines, thereby preventing the establishment of persistent muscle hyperalgesia. These results further highlight the potential of physical exercise to prevent chronic muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana de Azambuja
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Jorge
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz B Gomes
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hayla R Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Research, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
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El-Emam MA, El Achy S, Abdallah DM, El-Abhar HS, Gowayed MA. Neuroprotective role of galantamine with/without physical exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119459. [PMID: 33836162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The fact that physical activity besides central cholinergic enhancement contributes in improving neuronal function and spastic plasticity, recommends the use of the anticholinesterase and cholinergic drug galantamine with/without exercise in the management of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sedentary and 14 days exercised male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to EAE. Hereafter, exercised rats continued on rotarod for 30 min for 17 consecutive days. At the onset of symptoms (day 13), EAE sedentary/exercised groups were subdivided into untreated and post-treated with galantamine. The disease progression was assessed by EAE score, motor performance, and biochemically using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cerebellum and brain stem samples were used for histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis. KEY FINDINGS Galantamine decreased EAE score of sedentary/exercised rats and enhanced their motor performance. Galantamine with/without exercise inhibited CSF levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), besides caspase-3 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in the brain stem. Contrariwise, it has elevated CSF levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and enhanced remyelination of cerebral neurons. Noteworthy, exercise boosted the drug effect on Bcl-2 and Bax. SIGNIFICANCE The neuroprotective effect of galantamine against EAE was associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials, along with increasing BDNF and remyelination. It also normalized regulatory T-cells levels in the brain stem. The impact of the add-on of exercise was markedly manifested in reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Holanda BF, Freitas de Araujo D, da Silva JNR, Pereira MG, de Freitas Pires A, Assreuy AM. Polysaccaride-rich extract of Caesalpina ferrea stem barks attenuates mice acute inflammation induced by zymosan: Oxidative stress modulation. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113501. [PMID: 33122121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stem barks of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Ex Tul. (Caesalpiniaceae), also known as pau-ferro jucá or jucaína, are popularly used to treat contusions, diabetes, rheumatism and other inflammatory conditions in the form of tea, lick or decoction. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from C. ferrea stem barks (PE-Cf) in mice models of acute inflammation induced by zymosan and the involvement of oxidative stress biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with PE-Cf (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg) by endovenous route (i.v.) or per oral (p.o.) 30 or 60 min before injection of the inflammatory stimuli zymosan (0.5 mg; intraperitoneal or subcutaneous intraplantar). The inflammatory parameters (edema, nociception, leukocyte migration) and oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase-MPO, malondialdehyde-MDA, nitrite, reduced glutathione-GSH, glutathione peroxidase-GPx) were evaluated in the models of paw edema (hidropletysmometry/expressed as ml or area under curve-AUC) and peritonitis (optical microscopy/expressed as n° of cells/mm3 of peritoneal fluid). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni test. RESULTS PE-Cf (0.1, 0.01 and 1 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited paw edema, showing maximal effect (74%) at 1 mg/kg in the 5th (52 ± 9.6 μl vs. zymosan: 204 ± 3.6 μl). PE-Cf (1 mg/kg) also inhibited by 43% MPO activity in the paw tissues (17 ± 1 vs. zymosan: 30 ± 2.6 U/mg). Besides, 4 h after peritonitis induction, PE-Cf (1 mg/kg) reduced neutrophil migration by 84% (432 ± 45 vs. zymosan: 2651 ± 643 cells/mm3); visceral nociception by 76% (3 ± 0.6 vs. zymosan: 16 ± 4 writhes); nitric oxide by 73% (0.131 ± 0.033 vs. zymosan: 0.578 ± 0.185 NO2-/NO3-ml); MDA (98 ± 10 vs. zymosan:156 ± 21 U/ml), and increased GSH by 65% (736 ± 65 vs. zymosan: 259 ± 58 μmol/ml) and GPx by 72% (0.037 ± 0.007 vs. zymosan: 0.010 ± 0.005 U/mg protein). CONCLUSION The polysaccharide-rich extract of Caesalpinia ferrea stem barks present anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice models of acute inflammation induced by zymosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Feitosa Holanda
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Diego Freitas de Araujo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Nilo R da Silva
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Gonçalves Pereira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alana de Freitas Pires
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Estácio do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Assreuy
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Kuo PC, Tai SH, Hung CC, Hwang TL, Kuo LM, Lam SH, Cheng KC, Kuo DH, Hung HY, Wu TS. Antiinflammatory triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104562. [PMID: 33358389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed lanostane-type triterpenes, and twenty-two known triterpenes were isolated and identified from a medicinal bracket fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The antiinflammatory potential of thirty-two triterpene compounds was evaluated using neutrophils as an assay model, and pinicolasin J was the most potent inhibitor of superoxide anion generation and elastase release, with IC50 values of 1.81 ± 0.44 and 2.50 ± 0.64 μM, respectively. This study provides scientific insight into the nutritional supplement value and medicinal development of Fomitopsis pinicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sio Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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Michelini FM, Bueno CA, Areco YB, Alché LE. A synthetic stigmastane displays antiadenoviral activity and reduces the inflammatory response to viral infection. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104879. [PMID: 32918925 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although human adenovirus (ADV) infections are mild and self-limited in immunocompetent individuals, they can be severe and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. Despite their significant clinical impact, there are not currently approved antiviral therapies for ADV infections. On the other hand, in some cases, the immune response induced by ADV infection can cause tissue damage. Even more, in the case of adenovirus vectors used in gene therapy, host immunity generally antagonize viral efficacy. Therefore, the need for searching an effective and safe therapy is increasing. In this work, we describe the antiadenoviral activity of the synthetic stigmastane (22S, 23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (Compound 1) with already reported antiviral and antiinflammatory activities against other viruses of clinical importance. Compound 1 displayed no virucidal activity and did not affect ADV entry to the cells. The compound inhibited viral replication and it also reduced cytokine secretion in epithelial and inflammatory infected cells. Thus, Compound 1 would be a promissory drug potentially useful against adenoviral infections as well as an adjuvant of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Michelini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos A Bueno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina B Areco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E Alché
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu L, Jiang Y, Steinle JJ. Glycyrrhizin protects IGFBP-3 knockout mice from retinal damage. Cytokine 2019; 125:154856. [PMID: 31526985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) knockout (KO) mice have neuronal and vascular damage to the retina. We also reported that glycyrrhizin, a high mobility growth factor binding protein 1 (HMGB1) inhibitor, is protective to the diabetic retina. In this study, we investigated whether glycyrrhizin could reduce neuronal and vascular damage in the IGFBP-3 KO mouse retina. We used measurements of retinal thickness, cell number in the ganglion cell layer, degenerate capillaries, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein levels of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) to determine whether glycyrrhizin could protect the retina. Data show that glycyrrhizin in the drinking water was effective in reducing neuronal damage at 2 months and vascular damage at 6 months. Glycyrrhizin reduced ROS levels at 6 months, and reduced levels of HMGB1, TNFα, and IL-1β at both 2 and 6 months. Taken together, the data suggest that glycyrrhizin is protective to the retina of IGFBP-3 KO mice through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Youde Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jena J Steinle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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El-Gamal MI, Anbar HS, Tarazi H, Oh CH. Discovery of a potent p38α/MAPK14 kinase inhibitor: Synthesis, in vitro/in vivo biological evaluation, and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111684. [PMID: 31520926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of new triarylpyrazole derivatives possessing urea or amide linker, and their biological activities at molecular, cellular, and in vivo levels. Compound 2b was the most potent inhibitor of p38α/MAPK14 kinase (IC50 = 22 nM) among this series. Molecular docking studies were conducted to understand the kinase inhibitory variations and the basis of selectivity. Compound 2b was able to inhibit p38α/MAPK14 kinase inside HEK293 cells in nanoBRET cellular kinase assay with EC50 value of 0.55 μM, comparable to the potency of dasatinib. Compound 2b inhibited TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 cells with IC50 value of 58 nM. In addition, compound 2b showed low potency against hERG. It is 622.38 times less potent than E-4031 against hERG, so the risk of cardiotoxicity of the compound is very minimal. Compound 2b showed also high plasma stability in vitro in human and rat plasmas. The in vivo PK profile of compound 2b is acceptable, and its antiinflammatory effect was comparable to diclofenac with no ulcerogenic side effect on stomach.
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Wang C, Zhang W, Wong JH, Ng T, Ye X. Diversity of potentially exploitable pharmacological activities of the highly prized edible medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7843-7867. [PMID: 31407039 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata, also known as A. cinnamomea, is a precious medicinal basidiomycete fungus endemic to Taiwan. This article summarizes the recent advances in research on the multifarious pharmacological effects of A. camphorata. The mushroom exhibits anticancer activity toward a large variety of cancers including breast, cervical, ovarian, prostate, bladder, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and lung cancers; melanoma; leukemia; lymphoma; neuroblastoma; and glioblastoma. Other activities encompass antiinflammatory, antiatopic dermatitis, anticachexia, immunoregulatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, antioxidative, antiphotodamaging, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, testis protecting, antiasthmatic, osteogenic, osteoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound healing activities. This review aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of this highly prized mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzibun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Allegra M, Tutone M, Tesoriere L, Almerico AM, Culletta G, Livrea MA, Attanzio A. Indicaxanthin, a multi-target natural compound from Opuntia ficus-indica fruit: From its poly-pharmacological effects to biochemical mechanisms and molecular modelling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:753-64. [PMID: 31284085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the latest years phytochemical consumption has been associated to a decreased risk of both the onset and the development of a number of pathological conditions. In this context indicaxanthin, a betalain pigment from Opuntia ficus-indica fruit, has been the object of sound research. Explored, at first, for its mere antioxidant potential, Indicaxanthin is now regarded as a redox-active compound able to exert significant poly-pharmacological effects against several targets in a number of experimental conditions both in vivo and in vitro. This paper aims to provide an overview on the therapeutical effects of indicaxanthin, ranging from the anti-inflammatory to the neuro-modulatory and anti-tumoral ones and favored by its high bioavailability. Moreover, biochemical and molecular modelling investigations are aimed to identify the pharmacological targets the compound is able to interact with and to address the challenging development in the future research.
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29
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Noman OM, Mothana RA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al Qahtani AS, Nasr FA, Khaled JM, Alajmi MF, Al-Said MS. Phytochemical analysis and anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Loranthus acaciae Zucc. Grown in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:724-730. [PMID: 31297028 PMCID: PMC6598209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Loranthus genus has been demonstrated to be used in the treatment of wide range of diseases e.g. diabetes, inflammations and cancers. Many species of Loranthus represent a major source of biologically active constituents. Therefore, our study was carried out to investigate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Loranthus acaciae Zucc. (Loranthaceae) grown in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, our research concerned the guided-fractionation and isolation of possible active compounds from this species. The crude ethanolic extract and its n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol fractions were investigated for antidiabetic activity utilizing two methods namely, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and glucose tolerance test in normal rats. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity was studied by the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method while DPPH free radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays were utilized to determine the antioxidant activity. Various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were utilized for the isolation and characterization of the active compounds. Our results exhibited that the crude extract and chloroform fraction has the greatest hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects. The chloroform fraction and crude extract produced at a dose of 500 mg/kg a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats with 47.0 and 33.6% reduction in blood sugar levels and in normoglycemic rats 35.6 and 35.4% respectively. A potent anti-inflammatory effect (67.2% at 500 mg/kg) was detected for the chloroform fraction. In addition, the chloroform fraction exhibited a high antioxidative and DPPH-radical inhibitory activity (85.4 and 88.3% respectively). The phytochemical analysis of L. acaciae led to the isolation and characterization of four compounds namely, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 1), quercetin 3-O-β-(6-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (compound 2), (-) catechin (compound 3), and catechin 7-O-gallate (compound 4). Among these compounds quercetin 3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-(6-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside and catechin 7-O-gallate, are isolated for the first time from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Al Qahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Departments of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Al-Said
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Makar S, Saha T, Singh SK. Naphthalene, a versatile platform in medicinal chemistry: Sky-high perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:252-276. [PMID: 30366253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene, a cytotoxic moiety, is an extensively explored aromatic conjugated system with applications in various pathophysiological conditions viz. anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-neurodegenerative, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant. Naphthalene epoxides and naphthoquinones are most reactive metabolites of naphthalene and are responsible for the covalent interaction with cysteine amino acid of cellular proteins for cytotoxic nature. Many naphthalene derived bioactive phytoconstituents are present in nature including podophyllotoxins (Etoposide, teniposide), bis-ANS 82, Rifampicin, Justiprocumin A, B, Patentiflorin A. The naphthalene-based molecules, viz. Naphyrone, tolnaftate, naftifine, nafcillin, terbinafine, propranolol, nabumetone, nafimidone, naproxen, duloxetine, lasofoxifene, bedaquiline etc. have also been approved by FDA and are being marketed as therapeutics. Thus, the naphthalene scaffold emerges as an important building block in drug discovery owing to its broad spectrum of biological activities through varying structural modifications. This review incorporates the pharmacological aspects of different types of chemically modified naphthalene-based molecules along with their activity profile. This compiled information may serve as a benchmark for the alteration of existing ligands to design novel potent molecules with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Srebro DP, Vučković S, Milovanović A, Vujović KS, Vučetić Č, Prostran M. Preventive treatment with dizocilpine attenuates oedema in a carrageenan model of inflammation: the interaction of glutamatergic and nitrergic signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:121-8. [PMID: 30182184 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dizocilpine is a highly selective and potent non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. It is well known that dizocilpine has different neuroprotective effects in animal models of pain, epilepsy and oedema during trauma. The search for alternative antiinflammatory drugs is ongoing. We investigated the anti-oedematous effects of dizocilpine and the probable mechanism of action in a rat model that mimics local and persistent inflammation without tissue injury or damage. Male Wistar rats were injected with 100 μL of 0.5% carrageenan to the plantar surface of the hind paw. Anti-oedematous activity was assessed in the carrageenan-induced paw inflammatory oedema test with a plethysmometer. To assess possible mechanisms of dizocilpine action, we examined the effects of the selective inhibitor of neuronal [N-ω-propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (L-NPA)] and inducible [S-methylisothiourea (SMT)] nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Dizocilpine after systemic (0.0005, 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.)), but not after local peripheral administration, reduced the paw inflammatory oedema. The effect is not dose dependent, and the highest decrease by about 47% at the time of maximally developed oedema was achieved with 0.005 mg/kg. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered L-NPA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) or SMT (0.005, 0.01 and 0.015 mg/kg) before dizocilpine abolished or reduced the anti-oedematous effect of dizocilpine by about 70-85%. An acute single dose of dizocilpine administered before inducing oedema systemically reduced the development of inflammatory oedema. The mechanism of the anti-oedematous effect includes, at least partially, an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production.
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Han R, Blencke HM, Cheng H, Li C. The antimicrobial effect of CEN1HC-Br against Propionibacterium acnes and its therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects on acne vulgaris. Peptides 2018; 99:36-43. [PMID: 29108811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium, which is involved in acne inflammation. An antimicrobial peptide named CEN1HC-Br, which was isolated and characterized form the green sea urchin, has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Little is known concerning the potential effects of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties against P. acnes. To examine the potency of CEN1HC-Br in acne treatment, we conducted experiments to analyze the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of CEN1HC-Br both in vitro and in vivo. The antimicrobial activity of CEN1HC-Br was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays using the broth dilution method. To elucidate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect, HaCaT cells and human monocytes were treated with different concentration of CEN1HC-Br after stimulation by P. acnes. The expression of TLR2 and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, respectively, were measured by enzyme immunoassays. An evaluation of P. acnes-induced ear edema in rat ear was conducted to compare the in vivo antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of CEN1HC-Br, the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR. CEN1HC-Br showed stronger antimicrobial activity against P. acnes than clindamycin. CEN1HC-Br significantly reduced the expression of interleukin IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR2 in monocytes, but they were not influenced by clindamycin. Both CEN1HC-Br and Clindamycin attenuated P. acnes-induced ear swelling in rat along with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2. Our data demonstrates that CEN1HC-Br is bactericidal against P. acnes and that it has an anti-inflammatory effect on monocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect may partially occur through TLR2 down-regulation, triggering an innate immune response and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Abstract
Inflammation is an innate immune response that protects the body from pathogens, toxins, and other dangers and is initiated by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors expressing on or in immune cells. Intracellular pattern-recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2, and cysteine aspartate–specific protease (caspase)-4/5/11 recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns and assemble protein complexes called “inflammasomes.” These complexes induce inflammatory responses by activating a downstream effector, caspase-1, leading to gasdermin D –mediated pyroptosis and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Ginsenosides are natural steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins found exclusively in the plant genus Panax. Various ginsenosides have been identified, and their abilities to regulate inflammatory responses have been evaluated. These studies have suggested a link between ginsenosides and inflammasome activation in inflammatory responses. Some types of ginsenosides, including Rh1, Rg3, Rb1, compound K, chikusetsu saponin IVa, Rg5, and Rg1, have been clearly demonstrated to inhibit inflammatory responses by suppressing the activation of various inflammasomes, including the NLRP3, NLRP1, and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasomes. Ginsenosides have also been shown to inhibit caspase-1 and to decrease the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Given this body of evidence, the functional relationship between ginsenosides and inflammasome activation provides new insight into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside-mediated antiinflammatory actions. This relationship also has applications regarding the development of antiinflammatory remedies by ginsenoside-mediated targeting of inflammasomes, which could be used to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Lacaille-Dubois MA, Wagner H. New perspectives for natural triterpene glycosides as potential adjuvants. Phytomedicine 2017; 37:S0944-7113(17)30158-7. [PMID: 29239784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triterpene glycosides are a vast group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants including a high number of biologically active compounds. The pharmacological potential is evaluated by using many bioassays particularly in the field of cancerology, immunology, and microbiology. The adjuvant concept is well known for these molecules in vaccines, but there is little preclinical evidence to support this concept in the management of cancer, infections and inflammation. PURPOSE We aim to review some examples of triterpene glycosides from natural sources which exhibit adjuvant activity when they are co-adminitered with anticancer drugs, targeted toxins, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory drugs and with antigens in vaccines. METHODS The scientific literature on the adjuvant potential of triterpene glycosides covering mainly the last two decades has been identified by using relevant key words in the databases, using the online service such as Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar. RESULTS We divided these findings in four kind of examples, the combination of triterpene glycosides (1) with chemotherapeutic agents in conventional tumor therapies and with targeted toxins, (2) with antimicrobial drugs, (3) with antiinflammatory drugs, and (4) with an antigen in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Pharmacological studies have revealed that some triterpene glycosides co-administered with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, 5-fluorouracyl, mitoxantrone exhibited increased cytotoxicity in tumor cells better than when the drugs were administered alone. However in vivo toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are required before the combination strategy can be applied into clinical practice. Other studies showed that combined application of triterpene glycosides with targeted toxins resulted in the increased efficacy of the toxin, simultaneously reducing the dosage, and side effects. It was also shown that the co-administration of the triterpenoids with corticosteroids synergistically inhibited the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in rats. The search for new alternative adjuvants in vaccines in comparison with the aluminium salts inducing only a Th2-type immune response resulted in the discovery of the promising purified fraction QS-21 from Quillaja saponaria, which has been used in the development of a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Over 120 clinical trials for around 20 vaccine indications in infectious diseases, cancer, degenerative disorders have been reported involving more than 50,000 patients. CONCLUSION This review summarized the successfull in vitro and in vivo studies showing that this combination approach of triterpene glycosides co-adminitered with anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug may provide an exciting road for further developments in the treatment of some cancers, parasitic and inflammatory diseases and in the rational design of vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. From a clinical point of view, the potential benefit of QS-21, a promising triterpene glycoside from Quillaja saponaria has been highlighted in several vaccine clinical trials with a favorable ratio efficacy/toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- PEPITE EA 4267, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 7, Bd Jeanne d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Xie Y, Guo Q, Li S, Liu M, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Sun H. Anti-inflammatory properties of Bifidobacterium longum expressing human manganese superoxide dismutase using the TNBS-induced rats model of colitis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017:10.4014/jmb.1703.03044. [PMID: 28595382 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1703.03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The chronic enteritis disease ulcerative colitis (UC) is a formidable opponent, and its etiology remains unclear. Current studies have shown that oxidative stress is closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Antioxidant enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD),have been deemed to exert an anti-inflammatory function. Normally, oral administration of MnSOD directly leads to an incapacitation because of poor penetration and stability. To address this problem, the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum), which naturally occurs in the intestinal flora, was engineered to secrete a biologically active human MnSOD. Then this engineered bacterium was utilized against a rat model harboring UC induced through trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The data showed the engineered B. longum successfully secreted a penetratin-hMn-SOD fusion protein. The bioactivity assay demonstrated that this fusion protein was delivered into Caco-2 cells and significantly decreased TNF-α (P<0.01) and IL-6 (P<0.01) expression, as well as, ROS level (P<0.001) in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. The rat UC model experiment indicated that the B. longum harboring rhMn-SOD (penetratin-hMn-SOD) successfully inhibited the release of cytokines like TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8, and reduce MPO activity and MDA levels. The histological analysis of the colon tissue section revealed that the engineered B. longum was efficient in attenuating UC damage. These results suggested that preventing UC by the use of B. longum harboring rhMn-SOD could be an alternative choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xie
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenrui Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Sahoo AK, Dash UC, Kanhar S, Mahapatra AK. In vitro biological assessment of Homalium zeylanicum and isolation of lucidenic acid A triterpenoid. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:274-281. [PMID: 28959649 PMCID: PMC5615128 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current investigation supports antioxidant, anti-diabetic activities of H. zeylanicum. Current investigation also supports anti-inflammatory activity of H. zeylanicum. The research successfully isolated and analysed structure of lucidenic acid A. Lucidenic acid A reported first time in the bark of H. zeylanicum. Lucidenic acid A produces a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Homalium zeylanicum (Gardner) Benth. (Flacourtiaceae) is a medicinal plant useful in controlling rheumatism, inflammation and diabetes. The objective of this work evaluates in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory properties of hydroalcohol extract of bark of H. zeylanicum (HAHZ). It also describes isolation and structure determination of lucidenic acid A, which is the first report in this plant. In order to explain the role of antioxidant principles, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydroxyl, superoxide and metal chelating assays were performed. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by quantifying α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein denaturation inhibitory activities of HAHZ. Biochemical estimations were performed. The chemical structure of the triterpenoid was elucidated using 1H, 13C NMR and high resolution-MS. IC50 of DPPH, nitric oxide, hydroxyl, superoxide and metal chelating activities were of 36.23 ± 0.27, 40.11 ± 0.32, 35.23 ± 0.57, 43.34 ± 0.22 and 11.54 ± 0.08 μg/mL, respectively. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were 29.12 ± 0.54, and 18.55 ± 0.15 μg/mL. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were recorded at 233.65 mg/g GAE and 172.7 mg/g QE. Regarding kinetic behaviour, HAHZ showed competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase and mixed competitive inhibition on α-amylase. Lucidenic acid A was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Anti-inflammatory activity of lucidenic acid A was determined by using protein denaturation assay with IC50 13 μg/mL but HAHZ showed 30.34 ± 0.13 μg/mL. Phenols and flavonoids could be attributed to inhibition of intestinal carbohydrases for anti-diabetic activities whereas triterpenoids could be responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of H. zeylanicum.
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Key Words
- &alpha
- -amylase
- -glucosidase
- Antidiabetic
- Antiinflammatory
- DNS, dinitrosalicylic
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- Diclofenac sodium (PubChem CID: 5018304)
- EDTA (PubChem CID: 6049)
- GAeqv/g, gallic acid equivalents per gram
- HAHZ, hydro alcoholic extract of Homalium zeylanicum
- Homalium zeylanicum
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- Lucidenic acid A (PubChem CID: 14109375)
- Lucidenic acid a
- NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium
- NO, Nitric oxide
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OH, hydroxyl
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PMS, phenazine methosulphate
- Queqv/g, Quercetin equivalents per gram
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rf, Retardation factor
- SOD, superoxide anion
- TFC, total flavonoid contents
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- TPC, total phenolic contents
- acarbose (PubChem CID: 41774)
- gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370)
- pNPG, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Phytotherapy Research Lab., Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahapatra
- Odisha Forest Development Corp. Ltd., Forest and Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, A-84, Kharavela Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751001, India
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Gong X, Yang Y, Huang L, Zhang Q, Wan RZ, Zhang P, Zhang B. Antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by paeonol in LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver failure in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:124-132. [PMID: 28282576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of paeonol (Pae) against acute liver failure (ALF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice, we examined anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of Pae. We found that Pae pretreatment markedly reduced the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase as well as the histopathological changes induced by LPS/d-GalN. Catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activities increased and reactive oxygen species activity decreased after Pae treatment compared with LPS/d-GalN treatment. Pretreatment with Pae also significantly inhibited the expression levels of iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In addition, Pae administration prevented the phosphorylated expression of IκB kinase, inhibitor kappa B in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and suppressed the phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 in the MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with Pae also inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing the expression of caspases 3, 8, 9, and Bax, and increasing Bcl-2. In total, protective effects of Pae against LPS/d-GalN-induced ALF in mice are attributed to its antioxidative effect, inflammatory suppression in NF-κB and MARK signaling pathways, and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis inhibition. Therefore, Pae can be a potential therapeutic agent in attenuating LPS/d-GalN-induced ALF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - You Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Ligua Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhen Wan
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China.
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
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Hamid AA, Kaushal T, Ashraf R, Singh A, Chand Gupta A, Prakash O, Sarkar J, Chanda D, Bawankule DU, Khan F, Shanker K, Aiyelaagbe OO, Negi AS. (22β,25R)-3β-Hydroxy-spirost-5-en-7-iminoxy-heptanoic acid exhibits anti-prostate cancer activity through caspase pathway. Steroids 2017; 119:43-52. [PMID: 28143704 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Diosgenin and related compounds are potential cytotoxic agents. Twelve diverse analogues of long chain fatty acid/ester of diosgenin-7-ketoxime have been prepared. Six of the analogues exhibited significant anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines with IC50 ranging from 12 to 35μM. Compound 16, the best representative of the series exerted S phase arrest in DU145 prostate cancer cells and induced apoptosis through caspase pathway. Additionally, these analogues inhibited lipopolysaccharide induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) up to 47.7% and 23.3% respectively. Compound 16 was found to be safe in acute oral toxicity in Swiss albino mice up to 300mg/kg dose. The anticancer and antiinflammatory properties of compound 16 are important and can further be optimized for a better anti-prostate cancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hamid
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tanu Kaushal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Raghib Ashraf
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Amit Chand Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Om Prakash
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - O O Aiyelaagbe
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Meneses G, Bautista M, Florentino A, Díaz G, Acero G, Besedovsky H, Meneses D, Fleury A, Del Rey A, Gevorkian G, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Electric stimulation of the vagus nerve reduced mouse neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:33. [PMID: 27807399 PMCID: PMC5086408 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation (NI) is a key feature in the pathogenesis and progression of infectious and non-infectious neuropathologies, and its amelioration usually improves the patient outcome. Peripheral inflammation may promote NI through microglia and astrocytes activation, an increased expression of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability that may lead to neurodegeneration. Several anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed to control peripheral inflammation. Among them, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) recently emerged as an alternative to effectively attenuate peripheral inflammation in a variety of pathological conditions with few side effects. Considering that NI underlies several neurologic pathologies we explored herein the possibility that electrically VNS can also exert anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Methods NI was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C57BL/6 male mice; VNS with constant voltage (5 Hz, 0.75 mA, 2 ms) was applied for 30 s, 48 or 72 h after lipopolysaccharide injection. Twenty four hours later, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) levels were measured by ELISA in brain and spleen extracts and total brain cells were isolated and microglia and macrophage proliferation and activation was assessed by flow cytometry. The level of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were estimated in whole brain extracts and in histologic slides by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results VNS significantly reduced the central levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the percentage of microglia (CD11b/CD45low) and macrophages (CD11b/CD45high), 24 h after the electrical stimulus in LPS stimulated mice. A significantly reduced level of Iba-1 expression was also observed in whole brain extracts and in the hippocampus, suggesting a reduction in activated microglia. Conclusions VNS is a feasible therapeutic tool to attenuate the NI reaction. Considering that NI accompanies different neuropathologies VNS is a relevant alternative to modulate NI, of particular interest for chronic neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meneses
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - M Bautista
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - A Florentino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - G Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - G Acero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - H Besedovsky
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - D Meneses
- Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Fuentes 17, Colonia, Tlalpan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14000 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - A Fleury
- Unidad Periférica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Colonia la Fama, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - A Del Rey
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - G Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - G Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - E Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Circuito Escolar S/N, Coyoacán, CP 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
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El-Gamal MI, Lee WS, Shin JS, Oh CH, Lee KT, Choi J, Myoung N, Baek D. Synthesis of New Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Fused Coumarin Sulfonate Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-Induced Nitric Oxide and PGE 2 Productions in RAW 264.7 Macrophages: Part 2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:853-863. [PMID: 27779319 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of 21 fused coumarin derivatives is described, and the biological evaluation of their in vitro antiinflammatory effects as inhibitors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The target compounds 1a-u were first tested for cytotoxicity to determine a non-toxic concentration for antiinflammatory screening, so that the inhibitory effects against NO and PGE2 production would not be caused by cytotoxicity. Compounds 1f and 1p were the most active PGE2 inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.89 and 0.95 µM, respectively. Western blot and cell-free COX-2 screening showed that their effects were due to inhibition of both COX-2 protein expression and COX-2 enzyme activity. Their IC50 values against the COX-2 enzyme were 0.67 and 0.85 µM, respectively, which is more potent than etoricoxib. The selectivity indexes of compounds 1f and 1p against COX-2 compared to COX-1 were 41.1 and 42.5, respectively. Compound 1f showed strong inhibitory effects at 5 µM concentration on COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the tricyclic compounds 1l and 1n as well as the tetracyclic analog 1u were the most potent NO inhibitors, with one-digit micromolar IC50 values. They showed dose-dependent inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. The tetracyclic derivative 1u was the most potent inhibitor of NO production. It also exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungseung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nohsun Myoung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Republic of Korea.
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Kokten N, Egilmez OK, Dogan Ekici AI, Kalcioglu MT, Tekin M, Yesilada E. The effect of Nigella sativa oil on prevention of myringosclerosis in a Guinea pig model. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 88:52-7. [PMID: 27497387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, our aim was to identify the possible effects of Nigella sativa L. (NS) [blackcumin] seed oil on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen Guinea pigs were used and they were divided into three groups. Tympanic membranes (TM) of all animals were perforated and then group I was treated with saline soaked gel foams as a control group, group II was treated with 0.5 ml NS oil soaked gel foams at 0, 24 and 48 h and group III was treated with 5 ml NS oil orally at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h. After 15 days, all animals were euthanized. Tympanic membranes were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS Groups I showed extensive myringosclerosis in contrast to those of Groups II and III which had significantly less changes (p < 0.05). The fibrosis and inflammation in the lamina propria of the tympanic membranes of Groups I was found to be significantly more pronounced (p < 0.05). The tympanic membranes were found to be significantly thinner in Groups II and III when compared with Groups I (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that topical or oral administration of NS oil supressed the inflammation and fibroblastic activity in the lamina propria of the myringotomized TMs of the Guinea pigs. For providing further evidence to use plant extracts as antioxidant and antiinflammatory therapy after myringotomy or ventilation tube insertion, further clinical studies with larger population will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Kokten
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - A Isin Dogan Ekici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Tekin
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kavitha S, Kannan K, Gnanavel S. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 2,5 substituted-1,3,4 oxadiazole derivatives. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:337-345. [PMID: 28344487 PMCID: PMC5357090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 3-(5-cyclohexyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-substituted aniline have been synthesized by multistep reaction scheme. Benzohydrazide was used as the starting material. The structures of all synthesized compounds are characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H and C13 NMR and mass spectral studies with the intention of developing the novel biologically active compounds. All title synthetic compounds were screened for their antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
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Ahmed F, Rahman MS. Preliminary assessment of free radical scavenging, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing capabilities of organic fractions of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.) skeels leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:247. [PMID: 27460997 PMCID: PMC4962397 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.) (Family- Myrtaceae) is a popular evergreen shrub in Bangladesh. In the present study, the leaves of this plant have been assessed comprehensively for free radical scavenging, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. Methods The leaves were collected, powdered and extracted with methanol. The extract was then concentrated and successively fractionated into petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. The extractives were investigated for free radical scavenging, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. Results In case of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays, the crude methanol extract of the leaves showed the highest free radical scavenging activity among the tested materials including standard ascorbic acid (p = 0.0000). Besides, this extract was also found significantly rich (p = 0.0000) in phenolics and flavonoids compared to other organic fractions. In thrombolytic study, the petroleum ether fraction exhibited significantly stronger thrombolysis (p = 0.024) than other leaf extractives but was weaker than the standard streptokinase. In membrane stabilizing assay, the activity of chloroform fraction was similar to that of standard acetylsalicylic acid (p = 1.000) in hypotonic solution induced hemolysis. However, membrane stabilization activity of this chloroform fraction was found significantly stronger than that of the standard (p = 0.0000) in heat induced hemolysis. Conclusion This study has revealed the medicinal capabilities of different organic fractions of C. citrinus displaying free radical scavenging, thrombolysis and membrane stabilizing antiinflammatory potentials. Further bioactivity guided isolation is required to obtain pharmacologically secondary metabolites.
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Abstract
No agent has been identified that significantly accelerates the repair of chronic dermal wounds in humans. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is a small, abundant, naturally occurring regenerative protein that is found in body fluids and inside cells. It was found to have angiogenic and antiinflammatory activity and to be high in platelets that aggregate at the wound site. Thus we used Tβ4 initially in dermal healing. It has since been shown to have many activities important in tissue protection, repair, and regeneration. Tβ4 increases the rate of dermal healing in various preclinical animal models, including diabetic and aged animals, and is active for burns as well. Tβ4 also accelerated the rate of repair in phase 2 trials with patients having pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa wounds. It is safe and well tolerated and will likely have additional uses in the skin and in injured organs for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kleinman
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - G Sosne
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abdelall EKA, Lamie PF, Ali WAM. Cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition, synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and ulcer liability of new celecoxib analogues: Determination of region-specific pyrazole ring formation by NOESY. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2893-2899. [PMID: 27158139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of 1,5-diaryl pyrazoline (3a-f) and 1,5-diaryl pyrazole (5a and 5b) were designed as both COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibitors. All the prepared compounds were fully characterized by all spectral and element analysis. Their anti-inflammatory activity and ulcer index were included. Pyrazoline 3f is the most effective with IC50=1.14 and 4.7μM against COX-2 and 15-LOX respectively, and more potent than celecoxib and meclofenamate references. In addition 3a, 3b, 5a, and 5b were safer with low ulcer index than celecoxib. Docking study was performed for the most active compounds such as 2b, 3a, and 3f on COX-2 and 15-LOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman K A Abdelall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Waleed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Cairo General Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Russo R, Varano GP, Adornetto A, Nucci C, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Morrone LA. Retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma: Exploring the role of neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:134-42. [PMID: 27044433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In clinical glaucoma, as well as in experimental models, the loss of retinal ganglion cells occurs by apoptosis. This final event is preceded by inflammatory responses involving the activation of innate and adaptive immunity, with retinal and optic nerve resident glial cells acting as major players. Here we review the current literature on the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration, focusing on the inflammatory molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pasquale Varano
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome Italy
| | | | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain, Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Head Pain, Section of Neuropharmacology of Normal and Pathological Neuronal Plasticity, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Lee GH, Lee SJ, Jeong SW, Kim HC, Park GY, Lee SG, Choi JH. Antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:511-517. [PMID: 27038916 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing the biological activities of compounds by encapsulating natural components in stable nanoparticles is an important strategy for a variety of biomedical and healthcare applications. In this study, quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles were synthesized using an oil-in-water microemulsion method, which is a suitable system for producing functional nanoparticles of controlled size and shape. The resulting quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles were spherical, highly monodispersed, and stable in an aqueous system. Superoxide radical scavenging effects were found for the quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles as well as free quercetin. The quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles showed cell viability comparable to that of the controls. The amounts of proinflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages, such as interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were reduced significantly for the quercetin-loaded silica nanoparticles. These results suggest that the antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of quercetin are maintained after encapsulation in silica. Silica nanoparticles can be used for the effective and stable incorporation of biologically active natural components into composite biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hyun Lee
- Division of Nano & Bio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Lee
- Division of Nano & Bio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Jeong
- Division of Nano & Bio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Division of Nano & Bio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Bio-fibers and materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Geun Lee
- Division of Nano & Bio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hyun Choi
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-fibers and materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Zapata-Morales JR, González-Chávez MM, Carranza-Álvarez C, Hernández-Benavides DM, Hernández-Morales A. Pharmacological effects and toxicity of Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 180:124-130. [PMID: 26778604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae), a species endemic to Mexico, is used for the empirical treatment of cancer, pain, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity, as well as the cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects of an ethanol extract from Costus pulverulentus stem (CPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical characterization of CPE was performed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicity of CPE was evaluated using the comet assay (10-1000 µg/ml during 5h) and the acute toxicity test (500-5000 mg/kg p.o. and i.p. during 14 days). The cytotoxic effect of CPE (1-250 µg/ml) on human cancer cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The antinociceptive effects of CPE (50-200mg/kg p.o.) were evaluated using thermal-induced nociception tests (hot plate and tail flick) and the chemical-induced nociceptive tests (acetic acid and formalin). The sedative activity of CPE (50-200mg/kg p.o.) was evaluated using the ketamine-induced sleeping time test. RESULTS CPE showed the presence of compounds such as campesterol, stigmasterol β-sitosterol, vanillic acid, among others. In the comet assay, CPE at 200 µg/ml or higher concentrations induced DNA damage. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 estimated for CPE was>5000 mg/kg p.o. or i.p. CEP showed moderate cytotoxic effects on prostate carcinoma cells PC-3 cells (IC50=179 ± 23.2 µg/ml). In the chemical-induced nociception models, CPE (100 and 200mg/kg p.o.) showed antinociceptive effects with similar activity to 100mg/kg naproxen. In the thermal-induced nociception tests, CPE tested at 200mg/kg showed moderate antinociceptive effects by 28% (hot plate test) and by 25% (tail flick test). In the ketamine-induced sleeping time test, CPE showed no sedative effects. CONCLUSIONS C. pulverulents exerts moderate cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells, moderate anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. C. pulverulentus induces antinociceptive effects without inducing sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
| | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Candy Carranza-Álvarez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Diego Manuel Hernández-Benavides
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México; El colegio de la Frontera Sur unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Morales
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains poorly understood. Current psychopharmacologic treatments are often poorly tolerated and carry high rates of treatment resistance. Mounting evidence has suggested that innate immune system dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels have been identified. The innate immune system is a novel therapeutic target in BD. Lithium has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties. Further research is needed to establish the role of antiinflammatory agents in the treatment of BD; however, evidence from several clinical trials indicates that antiinflammatory agents may be incorporated into clinical practice soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, MP 9-325, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, MP 9-325, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Eğilmez OK, Kökten N, Ekici AI, Kalcıoğlu MT, Yesilada E, Tekin M. The effect of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort) on prevention of myringosclerosis after myringotomy in a rat model. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1128-34. [PMID: 26022750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the possible effects of Hypericum Perforatum (HP) on the prevention of experimentally induced myringosclerosis (MS). METHODS Twenty eight Wistar Albino rats were used and they were divided into four groups. Tympanic membranes of all animals were perforated and then group I had no treatment as a control group, group II had treated with olive oil only, group III had treated with HP orally and group IV had treated with HP topically. RESULTS Groups I and II showed extensive myringosclerosis in contrast to those of Groups III and IV which had significantly less changes (p<0.05). The inflammation and fibrosis in the lamina propria of the tympanic membranes of Groups I and II were found to be significantly more pronounced (p<0.05). The tympanic membranes were found to be significantly thinner in Groups III and IV when compared with Groups I and II (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggested that oral or topical administration of HP extract after myringotomy suppressed the inflammation and fibroblastic activity in the lamina propria of the myringotomized TMs of the rats. Further clinical studies with larger population using HP and other antioxidants will be essential to provide further evidence for use of antioxidant therapy in patients with myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion for otitis media with effusion.
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