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Mwangi JW, Kiragu D, Chaka B. Phytochemical screening, FTIR and GCMS analysis of Cucurbita pepo seeds cultivated in Kiambu county, Kenya. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30237. [PMID: 38711629 PMCID: PMC11070803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds and other constituents of plants have been shown to vary by cultivation region, species, environmental conditions and method of extraction among others. Phytochemical analysis of Cucurbita pepos farmed in Kiambu County, Kenya, or their seeds has not been documented. The present research aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by screening phytochemicals and characterizing the seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo cultivated in Kiambu County, Kenya. Cucurbita pepo seeds extracted using organic solvent extraction method employing methanol and preconcentrated in a vacuum rotatory evaporator. The extracts were characterized by GCMS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Phytochemical analysis of the seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. FT-IR analysis showed significant peaks for C-N, N-H, C-O, C-H, and CH3 functional groups. The GCMS studies revealed a significant number of fatty acids and their derivatives with 12-cis-octadecadienoate being the most abundant in the oil (53.93 %). A significant amount of the macrocyclic lactone 7,9-ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro [4.5] deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (0.58 %) in the seeds was reported. Macrocyclic lactones are generally a class of anthelminthic drugs. These reported biologically active compounds have a wide range of medicinal and nutritional value. One interesting compound from the GCMS analysis of the seed extracts analyzed was the macrocyclic lactone providing a basis for further research on the anthelminthic actions of the seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wamumwe Mwangi
- Department of Mathmatics and Physical Chemistry, Maasai Mara University , Narok, Kenya
| | - Denis Kiragu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Bakari Chaka
- Department of Mathmatics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
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2
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Ciriello M, Campana E, Kyriacou MC, El-Nakhel C, Graziani G, Cardarelli M, Colla G, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Plant-derived biostimulant as priming agents enhanced antioxidant and nutritive properties in brassicaceous microgreens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38450779 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microgreens constitute dietary sources of bioactive compounds imparting numerous health benefits and enhancing sensory experience. They can be successfully cultivated in soilless systems where biostimulants can be easily integrated as seed-priming and post-germination agents improving the sustainability of a crop's final production. Compared to an untreated control, three priming agents (a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (A250), a novel protein hydrolysate derived from peanut biomass (H250) and hydropriming (H2O)) were applied to Komatsuna and Mibuna seeds grown as microgreens and compared for their effects on yield parameters, mineral composition, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant capacity, carotenoid concentration and phenolic compounds. RESULTS Significant effects of the main experimental factors and their interactions were identified on antioxidant capacity. Compared to the control and hydropriming, the highest ABTS and FRAP values were observed in Mibuna with the A250 and H250 treatments, respectively. Additionally, the H250 treatment increased the total concentrations of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoid derivatives in Mibuna and Komatsuna, in tune with the levels of total flavonoids. Concerning mineral composition, the highest concentrations in both species were those of phosphorus and nitrate. CONCLUSION These results highlight the potential of select plant-based biostimulants as priming agents to enhance the antioxidant capacity, nutrient content and bioactive compound content, thus further increasing their functional and nutritive quality. In the light of this, the possibility of reducing the application of fertilizers by promoting a green transition for the intensive production of microgreens could subsequently be evaluated. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Emanuela Campana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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3
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Morsi AA, Shawky LM, Shawky TM, Bahr MH, Alnasr MTA, El Bana E. Targeting NF-κB/COX-2 signaling by soyasaponin I alleviates diclofenac-induced gastric ulceration in male albino rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3927. [PMID: 38269501 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulceration is a prevalent worldwide clinical presentation due to altered gastric defense mechanisms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are one of the common causes of gastric ulcers mediated by the release of inflammatory mediators. The study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of soyasaponin I (soya) against diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastric ulcer in rats and to highlight the underlying mechanisms. The experiment was conducted on 40 male Wistar albino rats, equally distributed into five groups: control, DIC-induced ulcer (9 mg/kg/d, orally, twice daily for 3 days), ulcer/soya-, ulcer/ranitidine-, and ulcer/soya/selective nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor (JSH-23)-treated groups. The doses of soya, ranitidine, and JSH were 20, 25, and 5 mg/kg/d, respectively, given orally. Gastric specimens were prepared for gene and histological study and for biochemical analysis of gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), oxidative markers, and inflammatory cytokines. The gastric samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), PAS staining, and immunohistochemical assay for identification of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proliferation marker (Ki67) expressions. The findings revealed decreased gastric PGE2 and altered inflammatory and oxidative markers in the ulcer model group. The H&E staining showed mucosal injury characterized by mucosal surface defects and inflammatory cell infiltrations. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry demonstrated an upregulation of NF-κB and COX-2 expression at gene/protein levels; meanwhile, Ki67 downregulation. The soya-treated group showed maintained biochemical, histological, and PCR findings comparable to the ranitidine-treated group. The JSH-23-treated group still showed partial gastric protection with biochemical and immunohistochemical changes. Soyasaponin I ameliorated DIC-induced gastric ulcers by targeting the COX-2 activity through modulation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Morsi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Shawky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Shawky
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Bahr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman El Bana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Cauduro VH, Cui J, Flores EMM, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasound-Assisted Encapsulation of Phytochemicals for Food Applications: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3859. [PMID: 37893751 PMCID: PMC10606579 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals as natural food additives is a topic of interest for both academic and food industry communities. However, many of these substances are sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, encapsulation is usually performed prior to incorporation into food products. In this sense, ultrasound-assisted encapsulation is an emerging technique that has been gaining attention in this field, bringing important advantages for the production of functional food products. This review article covered applications published in the last five years (from 2019 to 2023) on the use of ultrasound to encapsulate phytochemicals for further incorporation into food. The ultrasound mechanisms for encapsulation, its parameters, such as reactor configuration, frequency, and power, and the use of ultrasound technology, along with conventional encapsulation techniques, were all discussed. Additionally, the main challenges of existing methods and future possibilities were discussed. In general, ultrasound-assisted encapsulation has been considered a great tool for the production of smaller capsules with a lower polydispersity index. Encapsulated materials also present a higher bioavailability. However, there is still room for further developments regarding process scale-up for industrial applications. Future studies should also focus on incorporating produced capsules in model food products to further assess their stability and sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitoria Hagemann Cauduro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (V.H.C.); (E.M.M.F.)
| | - Jiwei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (V.H.C.); (E.M.M.F.)
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Li H, Zhang Q. Research Progress of Flavonoids Regulating Endothelial Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1201. [PMID: 37765009 PMCID: PMC10534649 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, as the guardian of vascular homeostasis, is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As an early marker of the development of a series of vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Natural flavonoids in fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to induce and regulate endothelial cells and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-aging effects in a large number of in vitro models and in vivo experiments so as to achieve the prevention and improvement of cardiovascular disease. Focusing on endothelial mediation, this paper introduces the signaling pathways involved in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction by common dietary and flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine and describes them based on their metabolism in the human body and their relationship with the intestinal flora. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the broad pharmacological activity and target development potential of flavonoids as food supplements and drug components in regulating endothelial function and thus in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This paper also introduces the application of some new nanoparticle carriers in order to improve their bioavailability in the human body and play a broader role in vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
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Jie X, Feng Y, Jiahao F, Ganggui L, Jiani Y, Zhongyu X, Yuan Y, Tinggang Z, Xiaodan Z, Zongsuo L. Comprehensive chemical profiling of two Dendrobium species and identification of anti-hepatoma active constituents from Dendrobium chrysotoxum by network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37393306 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium chrysotoxum are important species of the genus Dendrobium and have great economic and medicinal value. However, the medicinal properties of these two plants remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the medical properties of D. nobile and D. chrysotoxum by conducting a comprehensive chemical profiling of the two plants. Additionally, active compounds and predictive targets for anti-hepatoma activity in D. chrysotoxum extracts were identified using Network Pharmacology. RESULTS Chemical profiling showed that altogether 65 phytochemicals were identified from D. nobile and D. chrysotoxum, with major classes as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, bibenzyls and phenanthrenes. About 18 compounds were identified as the important differential metabolites in D. nobile and D. chrysotoxum. Furtherly, CCK-8 results showed that the extracts of stems and leaves of D. nobile and D. chrysotoxum could inhibit the growth of Huh-7 cells, and the anti-hepatoma activity of extracts were dose-dependent. Among the extracts, the extract of D. chrysotoxum showed significant anti-hepatoma activity. In order to find the potential mechanism of anti-hepatoma activity of D. chrysotoxum, five key compounds and nine key targets were obtained through constructing and analyzing the compound-target-pathway network. The five key compounds were chrysotobibenzyl, chrysotoxin, moscatilin, gigantol and chrysotoxene. Nine key targets, including GAPDH, EGFR, ESR1, HRAS, SRC, CCND1, HIF1A, ERBB2 and MTOR, could be considered as the core targets of the anti-hepatoma activity of D. chrysotoxum. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the chemical composition difference and anti-hepatoma activity of stems and leaves of D. nobile and D. chrysotoxum were compared, and the potential anti-hepatoma mechanism of D. chrysotoxum was revealed in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Feng
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fang Jiahao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lou Ganggui
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiani
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhongyu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhang Xiaodan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zongsuo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
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7
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Zuccari G, Alfei S. Development of Phytochemical Delivery Systems by Nano-Suspension and Nano-Emulsion Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9824. [PMID: 37372971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the existence of plant bioactive compounds, namely, phytochemicals (PHYs), with health properties is progressively expanding. Therefore, their massive introduction in the normal diet and in food supplements and their use as natural therapeutics to treat several diseases are increasingly emphasized by several sectors. In particular, most PHYs possessing antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties have been isolated from plants. Additionally, their secondary modification with new functionalities to further improve their intrinsic beneficial effects has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, although the idea of exploiting PHYs as therapeutics is amazing, its realization is far from simple, and the possibility of employing them as efficient clinically administrable drugs is almost utopic. Most PHYs are insoluble in water, and, especially when introduced orally, they hardly manage to pass through physiological barriers and scarcely reach the site of action in therapeutic concentrations. Their degradation by enzymatic and microbial digestion, as well as their rapid metabolism and excretion, strongly limits their in vivo activity. To overcome these drawbacks, several nanotechnological approaches have been used, and many nanosized PHY-loaded delivery systems have been developed. This paper, by reporting various case studies, reviews the foremost nanosuspension- and nanoemulsion-based techniques developed for formulating the most relevant PHYs into more bioavailable nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable or promising for clinical application, mainly by oral administration. In addition, the acute and chronic toxic effects due to exposure to NPs reported so far, the possible nanotoxicity that could result from their massive employment, and ongoing actions to improve knowledge in this field are discussed. The state of the art concerning the actual clinical application of both PHYs and the nanotechnologically engineered PHYs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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8
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Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Sharma N, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Makeen HA, Najmi A, Verma R, Bungau SG. Exploring the multifocal role of phytoconstituents as antidepressants. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110693. [PMID: 36509251 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent and devastating neuropsychiatric disorder. There are several conventional antidepressants used for the treatment of depression. But due to their undesired adverse effects, patient compliance is very poor. Thus, developing novel medications for the treatment of depression is a critical strategic priority for meeting therapeutic demands. Current research is looking for alternatives to traditional antidepressants to reduce undesired side effects and increase efficacy. Phytoconstituents provide a wide research range in antidepressant treatments. In the present article, we have conducted a comprehensive assessment of neurological evidence, which supports the usefulness of phytoconstituents in the treatment of the depressive disorder. Secondary plant metabolites including alkaloids, polyphenols, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids were found to exhibit antidepressant action. Most of the phytoconstituents were found to mediate their antidepressant effect through the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine. Some were also found to exert antidepressant effects by inhibiting the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raman Verma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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9
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Ajayi FF, Alnuaimi A, Hamdi M, Mostafa H, Wakayama M, Mudgil P, Maqsood S. Metabolomics approach for the identification of bioactive compounds released from young and mature soybean upon in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and their effect on health-related bioactive properties. Food Chem 2023; 420:136050. [PMID: 37098305 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to comparatively investigate the relative phytochemical profiles (phenolic content, organic and amino acids, free sugars, and other metabolites using metabolomics approach), and bioactive potentials of young (YS) and mature soybean (MS) upon in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). Cumulatively, a total of 198 metabolites were identified in MS and YS, 119 metabolites in undigested YS, and a total of 136 metabolites in undigested MS, which further increased to 156 and 152 in YS and MS upon SGID, respectively. Gastric digesta of both YS and MS exhibited higher inhibitory properties towards α-amylase and DPP-IV enzymes than their intestinal digesta. Furthermore, the intestinal digesta of MS showed higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to the YS intestinal digesta. Overall, the results suggested that the gastrointestinal digestion of YS and MS displayed distinctive metabolic profiles together with varied bioactive potentials.
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Waghmare R, Munekata PES, Kumar M, Moharir SR, Yadav R, Dhama K, Lorenzo JM. Instant controlled pressure drop drying: A review on preservation of quality characteristics in fresh produce. Food Chem 2023; 419:136039. [PMID: 37004369 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the efficient Instant controlled pressure drop drying technology. The Détente Instantanée Contôlée (DIC), French for Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop drying, has prodigious potential to cause least variations in the quality characteristics of the final dried product. This review article spotlights the principle of DIC with its effect on vitamins (ascorbic acid), bioactive compounds (carotenoids, polyphenols), physicochemical properties (moisture, rehydration capacity, water holding capacity, color, microstructure texture) and sensory properties of fresh produce. DIC is a thermo-mechanical technique accomplished by treating the fresh produce to saturated steam for less time period, which is carried out by an immediate pressure drop to achieve vacuum. This technique also provides reduced drying time, better volume expansion with larger porosity in the final dried product. It leads to a swift vaporization of the water within fresh produce cells. DIC-treated fresh produce are quickly rehydrated and retains sensory and nutrient quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roji Waghmare
- College of Food Technology, Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Yavatmal 445001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Researchon Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville 27858, USA
| | - Sona R Moharir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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11
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Jaworsky K, DeVillez P, Basu A. The Role of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Diets in Gestational Diabetes: Evidence from Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4188. [PMID: 36901197 PMCID: PMC10001985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance identified during pregnancy. The increased risk of pregnancy complications and the adverse health effects for the mother and baby associated with GDM require urgent and effective ways to control the condition. The primary goal of this semi-quantitative review was to examine the effects of phytochemicals and plant-based diets on GDM in clinical studies involving women undergoing pregnancy and to summarize the findings for application in clinical practice and disease management. The articles included in this review show that intervention strategies, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, and tea, may be beneficial in the management of GDM and lower blood glucose and improve adverse pregnancy outcomes in these women. The randomized controlled trials reviewed collectively show improved glycemic control markers, blood lipid values, and body weight and composition when supplemented with phytochemical-rich supplements and foods compared to those in the control groups. The findings support the clinical observations of lower GDM risks in women consuming plant-derived diets rich in phytochemicals. Nutrition interventions involving plant-based foods and diets are thus a practical way to reduce hyperglycemia both in patients diagnosed with GDM and those at high risk for the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kataryna Jaworsky
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Pamela DeVillez
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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12
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Alamri MA, Tariq MH, Tahir Ul Qamar M, Alabbas AB, Alqahtani SM, Ahmad S. Discovery of potential phytochemicals as inhibitors of TcdB, a major virulence factors of Clostridioides difficile. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12768-12776. [PMID: 36644848 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive bacterium which is associated with different gastrointestinal related infections, and the numbers of cases related to it are continuously increasing in the past few years. Owing to high prevalence and development of resistance towards available antibiotics, it is required to develop new therapeutics to combat C. difficile infection. The current study was aimed to identify novel phytochemicals that could bind and inhibits the TcdB, an exotoxin which is required for the pathogenesis of bacteria, and hence can be considered as the future drug candidates against C. difficile. ∼2500 therapeutically important phyto-compounds were docked against the active sites of TcdB protein by using AutoDock-Vina software. The interactions between the ligands and the binding site of the top five docked complexes, based on the docking scores, were further elucidated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 500 ns, Molecular Mechanics Energies combined with the Poisson-Boltzmann and Surface Area (MMPBSA) or Generalized Born and Surface Area (MMGBSA), and WaterSwap Analysis. Findings of molecular docking suggested that natural compounds A183, A704, A1528, A2083, and A2129 with distinct chemical scaffolds are best docked in the binding site of TcdB and their bonding remained stable throughout the simulation studies of 500 ns. Compounds A2129 and A704 can be considered as prospective drug candidates against Clostridioides difficile, however, further wet lab experiments are needed to confirm our study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak A Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alhumaidi B Alabbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safar M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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13
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Microgreens Biometric and Fluorescence Response to Iron (Fe) Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314553. [PMID: 36498881 PMCID: PMC9741105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgreens are foods with high nutritional value, which can be further enhanced with biofortification. Crop biofortification involves increasing the accumulation of target nutrients in edible plant tissues through fertilization or other factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential for biofortification of some vegetable microgreens through iron (Fe) enrichment. The effect of nutrient solution supplemented with iron chelate (1.5, 3.0 mg/L) on the plant's growth and mineral concentration of purple kohlrabi, radish, pea, and spinach microgreens was studied. Increasing the concentration of Fe in the medium increased the Fe content in the leaves of the species under study, except for radish. Significant interactions were observed between Fe and other microelements (Mn, Zn, and Cu) content in the shoots. With the increase in the intensity of supplementation with Fe, regardless of the species, the uptake of zinc and copper decreased. However, the species examined suggested that the response to Fe enrichment was species-specific. The application of Fe didn't influence plant height or fresh and dry weight. The chlorophyll content index (CCI) was different among species. With increasing fertilisation intensity, a reduction in CCI only in peas resulted. A higher dose of iron in the medium increased the fluorescence yield of spinach and pea microgreens. In conclusion, the tested species, especially spinach and pea, grown in soilless systems are good targets to produce high-quality Fe biofortified microgreens.
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14
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Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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15
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Filipendula glaberrima Nakai Ethanolic Extract and Its Chemical Composition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144628. [PMID: 35889506 PMCID: PMC9321904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries are endeavoring to strengthen the competitiveness of their biological resources by exploring and developing wild endemic plants. This study examined the effects of Filipendula glaberrima Nakai (FG) on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity using an in vitro system. The bioactive components were also examined using chromatographic techniques. The ethanol extract of Filipendula glaberrima Nakai (FGE) exerted antioxidant activities in the radical scavenging and reducing power assays and had high amounts of total polyphenolic compounds. The qRT-PCR results suggested that FGE significantly downregulated the levels cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The FGE treatment also decreased the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 significantly in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FGE downregulated phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. The chromatographic and mass spectrometry results showed that FGE contained bioactive flavonoids such as (+)-catechin, miquelianin, quercitrin, and afzelin, which may be active compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study provides fundamental data on the anti-inflammatory activity of the FG and can serve as a good starting point for developing a novel natural anti-inflammatory agent using FGE-containing bioactive flavonoids.
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16
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Nam G, An SK, Park IC, Bae S, Lee JH. Daphnetin inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis via PKA and ERK signaling pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:596-609. [PMID: 35325017 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Daphnetin is a dehydroxylated derivative of coumarin isolated from Daphne species. However, the effect of daphnetin on melanogenesis has not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of daphnetin on melanogenesis in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated B16F10 cells and its potential mechanism. Melanin content analysis and cellular tyrosinase activity assay showed that daphnetin inhibited melanin biosynthesis in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR also indicated that daphnetin suppressed the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a mastering transcription factor of melanogenesis and its downstream melanogenic enzymes including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins. Moreover, daphnetin downregulated the phosphorylation of PKA, ERK, MSK1, and CREB. Additionally, daphnetin inhibited melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned medium system suggesting that daphnetin has potential as an antipigmentation activity in a physiological skin condition. Our data propose that daphnetin inhibits melanogenesis via modulating both the PKA/CREB and the ERK/MSK1/CREB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Nam
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwan An
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Lu S, Zhao C. Recent advance of <i>in vitro</i> models in natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolism. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/146945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolic process are mainly in the human gut. Simulating the absorption and metabolism of natural phytochemicals in vitro to predict the rate and degree of absorption of natural phytochemicals provides convenience for many researchers. However, in this process, many physiological factors <i>in vitro</i> are affected, such as stomach and intestinal juice composition, pH, intestinal transmission rate and so on. In recent years, the research methods have gradually improved to make these models more suitable for the natural phytochemicals absorption process, <i>in vitro</i> simulation models have become an essential means to study natural phytochemicals absorption. Therefore, this paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used <i>in vitro</i> simulation models of natural phytochemicals absorption and metabolism, as well as briefly introduces the working principle of each model. To provide a theoretical basis for simulating natural phytochemicals absorption <i>in vitro</i> and development and utilization of natural phytochemicals.
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18
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Deveci E. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS based phytochemicals and cytotoxic, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of
Scorzonera mollis
subsp.
szowitzii
: A new reserve of bioactive compounds. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Deveci
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department Technical Sciences Vocational School Konya Technical University 42250 Konya Turkey
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19
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Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon as Health Promoters in Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030336. [PMID: 35159487 PMCID: PMC8915173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. These bioactive compounds have been vastly described in the literature, exhibiting a wide range of beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihemorrhoidal, cardiotonic, and choleretic activity. In this review, an overview of the cardoon nutritional and phytochemical composition, as well as its biological potential, is provided, highlighting the main therapeutic effects of the different parts of the cardoon plant on metabolic disorders, specifically associated with hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic activity.
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20
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Isidori M, Corbee RJ, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Nonpharmacological Treatment Strategies for the Management of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy—A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020037. [PMID: 35202290 PMCID: PMC8878421 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) refers to a heterogeneous group of idiopathic diseases of the dog characterised by persistent gastrointestinal (GI) clinical signs. If conventional dietary treatment alone would be unsuccessful, management of CIE is traditionally attained by the use of pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs. While being rather effective, however, these drugs are endowed with side effects, which may impact negatively on the animal’s quality of life. Therefore, novel, safe and effective therapies for CIE are highly sought after. As gut microbiota imbalances are often associated with GI disorders, a compelling rationale exists for the use of nonpharmacological methods of microbial manipulation in CIE, such as faecal microbiota transplantation and administration of pre-, pro-, syn- and postbiotics. In addition to providing direct health benefits to the host via a gentle modulation of the intestinal microbiota composition and function, these treatments may also possess immunomodulatory and epithelial barrier-enhancing actions. Likewise, intestinal barrier integrity, along with mucosal inflammation, are deemed to be two chief therapeutic targets of mesenchymal stem cells and selected vegetable-derived bioactive compounds. Although pioneering studies have revealed encouraging findings regarding the use of novel treatment agents in CIE, a larger body of research is needed to address fully their mode of action, efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Isidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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21
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Structural Transformation and Creativity Induced by Biological Agents during Fermentation of Edible Nuts from Terminalia catappa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195874. [PMID: 34641422 PMCID: PMC8510340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia catappa L. (tropical almond) is a nutritious fruit found mainly in the tropics. This study is aimed to establish the naturally biotransformed molecules and identify the probiotic agents facilitating the fermentation. The aqueous extracts from both the unfermented and fermented T. catappa nuts were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Syringol (6.03%), glutamine (1.71%), methyl laurate (1.79%), methyl palmitate (1.53%), palmitic acid (5.20%), palmitoleic acid (2.80%), and methyl oleate (2.97%) were detected in the unfermented nuts of the T. catappa. Additionally, two of these natural compounds (palmitic acid (4.19%) and palmitoleic acid (1.48%)) survived the fermentation process to emerge in the fermented seeds. The other natural compounds were biotransformed into 2,3-butanediol (1.81%), butyric acid (16.20%), propane-1,3-diol (19.66%), neoheptanol (2.89%), 2-piperidinone (6.63%), palmitoleic acid (1.18%), formamide, n-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)- (2.80%), and cis-vaccenic acid (1.69%) that newly emerged in the fermented seeds. The phytochemical compounds are likely carbon sources for the organisms facilitating the biotransformed molecules and product production. Four (4) potential probiotic bacteria strains, namely, Probt B1a, Probt B2a, Probt B4a, and Probt B4b, were isolated from the fermented nut. Enterococcus faecum, and Enterococcus faecalis were the organisms identified as driving the fermentation of the seeds. All strains were gram-positive, catalase-negative, and non-hemolytic, which suggests their harmless nature. N-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)-) was associated with fermentation for the first time, and neoheptanol was discovered as the main alcoholic molecule formed during the fermentation of the seeds. This fermentation is a handy tool for bio-transforming compounds in raw food sources into compounds with nutritious and therapeutic potentials.
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22
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Odukoya JO, Odukoya JO, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT. Phytochemicals and Amino Acids Profiles of Selected sub-Saharan African Medicinal Plants' Parts Used for Cardiovascular Diseases' Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1367. [PMID: 34575444 PMCID: PMC8472700 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, the focus on the lipid-atherosclerosis relationship has limited the consideration of the possible contribution of other key dietary components, such as amino acids (AAs), to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Notwithstanding, the potential of plant-based diets, some AAs and phytochemicals to reduce CVDs' risk has been reported. Therefore, in this study, the phytochemical and AA profiles of different medicinal plants' (MPs) parts used for CVDs' treatment in sub-Saharan Africa were investigated. Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, amino and other bioactive compounds' functional groups in the samples. In most of them, glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant AAs, while lysine was the most limiting. P. biglobosa leaf, had the richest total branched-chain AAs (BCAAs) level, followed by A. cepa bulb. However, A. cepa bulb had the highest total AAs content and an encouraging nutraceutical use for adults based on its amino acid score. Principal component analysis revealed no sharp distinction between the AAs composition of MPs that have found food applications and those only used medicinally. Overall, the presence of medicinally important phytochemicals and AAs levels in the selected MPs' parts support their use for CVDs treatment as they might not add to the AAs (e.g., the BCAAs) burden in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Oluwaseun Odukoya
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Julianah Olayemi Odukoya
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin PMB 1530, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Edwin Mpoh Mmutlane
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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23
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Pucel N, Sarkar D, Labbe RG, Khanongnuch C, Shetty K. Improving Health Targeted Food Quality of Blackberry: Pear Fruit Synergy Using Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.703672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blackberry and pear are rich in human health protective phenolic bioactives with high antioxidant activity. These fruits are relevant dietary targets to counter chronic oxidative stress-linked diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to high perishability, the human health relevant bioactive qualities of such fruits deteriorate during postharvest storage and processing. By improving stability and bioavailability of nutritionally relevant phenolic bioactives during post-harvest stages, effective integration of blackberry and pear as dietary support strategies can be targeted for T2D benefits. Solutions to bioactive quality loss of fruits can be achieved by advancing bioprocessing strategy integrating compatible fruit synergy and beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based fermentation. This approach was targeted to enhance high levels of phenolic bioactive-linked health quality of blackberry (Rubus spp.) integrated with pear (Pyrus communis) at a ratio of 30:70, which was optimized previously based on potential synergistic effects. The aim of this study was to recruit beneficial LAB such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum to bioprocess previously optimized blackberry: pear synergies to improve phenolic bioactive-linked T2D benefits. Essential health-targeted food quality during bioprocessing was assessed based on total soluble phenolic content, phenolic compound profile, total antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycemic property relevant α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory, and anti-hypertensive relevant angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities using in vitro assay models. Additionally, potential inhibitory activity of fermented fruit extracts against pathogenic Helicobacter pylori, the common bacterial ulcer pathogen was also investigated. Overall, improvement in the retention and stability of phenolic bioactive content in 30:70 blackberry: pear combination, as well as in 100% juice of both fruit extracts were observed following fermentation. Furthermore, enhanced antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycemic property relevant α-glucosidase, and anti-hypertensive property relevant ACE enzyme inhibitory activities were also observed in fermented extracts of 30:70 blackberry: pear synergy. Among the substrates only fermentation of 100% blackberry with LAB resulted in inhibitory activity against H. pylori. These results provide the biochemical rationale to develop blackberry: pear fruit synergy and beneficial LAB-based fermentation to improve T2D relevant health benefits while also potentially improving keeping quality.
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24
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Ak G, Gevrenova R, Sinan KI, Zengin G, Zheleva D, Mahomoodally MF, Senkardes I, Brunetti L, Leone S, Di Simone SC, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Menghini L, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Tanacetum vulgare L. (Tansy) as an effective bioresource with promising pharmacological effects from natural arsenal. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112268. [PMID: 34015423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Tanacetum genus is a big treasure with the presence of biologically-active compounds and members of this genus are widely used for the treatment of several diseases in traditional medicine system. Considering this fact, we aimed to analyze the extracts from Tanacetum vulgare L. in case of chemical profiles and biological effects. Chemical characterization was performed by using UHPLC-HRMS technique and showed the presence of several phytochemical groups (107 compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids and fatty acids. Biological abilities were examined by using antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibition (tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase and cholinesterase) properties. Pharmaco-toxicological investigations were also performed with the aim to identify limits of biocompatibility, anti-oxidant and neuromodulatory effects, in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. A bioinformatic analysis was also carried to unravel the putative protein-targets for the observed biological effects. Generally, the tested hexane and hydroalcoholic extracts displayed stronger activities in antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays, when compared with water. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed to understand the differences in both solvents and plant parts and we clearly observed the separation of these parameters. The extracts (10 μg/mL) also stimulated DAT and inhibited TNFα and BDNF gene expression, in HypoE22 cells. In parallel, the extracts were also able to stimulate norepinephrine release from this cell line. By contrast, in the concentration range 50-100 μg/mL, the extracts reduced the HypoE22 viability, thus demonstrating cytotoxicity at concentrations 5-10 fold higher compared to those effective as neuromodulatory. Our observations manifested that T. vulgare has several beneficial effects and it can be used as a potential natural raw material for designing further health-promoting applications in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Dimitrina Zheleva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Ismail Senkardes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden "Giardino Dei Semplici", "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Dingeo G, Brito A, Samouda H, Iddir M, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities. Food Funct 2021; 11:8444-8471. [PMID: 32996966 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiota (GM) is paramount for a healthy lifestyle. Alterations of the GM have been involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In pathological conditions, the diversity of the GM is commonly reduced or altered, often toward an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The colonic fermentation of dietary fiber has shown to stimulate the fraction of bacteria purported to have beneficial health effects, acting as prebiotics, and to increase the production of short chain fatty acids, e.g. propionate and butyrate, while also improving gut epithelium integrity such as tight junction functionality. However, a variety of phytochemicals, often associated with dietary fiber, have also been proposed to modulate the GM. Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may positively affect the GM, including polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols/phytostanols, lignans, alkaloids, glucosinolates and terpenes. Some polyphenols may act as prebiotics, while carotenoids have been shown to alter immunoglobulin A expression, an important factor for bacteria colonization. Other phytochemicals may interact with the mucosa, another important factor for colonization, and prevent its degradation. Certain polyphenols have shown to influence bacterial communication, interacting with quorum sensing. Finally, phytochemicals can be metabolized in the gut into bioactive constituents, e.g. equol from daidzein and enterolactone from secoisolariciresinol, while bacteria can use glycosides for energy. In this review, we strive to highlight the potential interactions between prominent phytochemicals and health benefits related to the GM, emphasizing their potential as adjuvant strategies for GM-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Brito
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg. and Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. and Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
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Tomas M, Zhang L, Zengin G, Rocchetti G, Capanoglu E, Lucini L. Metabolomic insight into the profile, in vitro bioaccessibility and bioactive properties of polyphenols and glucosinolates from four Brassicaceae microgreens. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110039. [PMID: 33648265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four Brassicaceae microgreens species, namely kale, red cabbage, kohlrabi, and radish, were evaluated for their phytochemical compositions using spectrophotometric assays and untargeted metabolomics before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. According to the in vitro spectrophotometric results, significant amounts of phenolics could be detected in each studied species, thus supporting the total antioxidant capacities recorded. Overall, metabolomics allowed annotating a total of 470 phytochemicals across the four Brassicaceae microgreens, either fresh or digested. Among polyphenols, flavonoids were the most represented class (180 compounds, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and other flavonoids), followed by phenolic acids (68 compounds, mainly hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids), non-flavonoid or phenolic acid-based structures (i.e., alkyl- and alkylmethoxy-phenols and tyrosol derivatives), and lignans. Also, 22 glucosinolates were annotated, including gluconapin glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Noteworthy, significant differences could be observed in terms of bioaccessibility as a function of the phenolic class and the species considered. Overall, lignans exhibited the highest bioaccessibility values (14%), followed by tyrosol derivatives and flavonoids (on average, 9% and 8%, respectively). However, differences could be evidenced as a function of the species, with red cabbage having comparatively lower bioaccessibility values irrespective of the chemical class of bioactive considered. Similarly, bioaccessibility of glucosinolates significantly differed across species, ranging from 2% in kale to 43% in kohlrabi microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, 34303 Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus Konya, Turkey
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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27
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Xie Y, Wang H, He Z. Recent advances in polyphenols improving vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endogenous toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:701-712. [PMID: 33251608 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Xie
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhiyou He
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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28
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Exploring the multifocal role of phytochemicals as immunomodulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110959. [PMID: 33197758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-functioning immune system of the host body plays pivotal role in the maintenance of ordinary physiological and immunological functions as well as internal environment. Balanced immunity enhances defense mechanism against infection, diseases and unwanted pathogens to avoid hypersensitivity reactions and immune related diseases. The ideal immune responses are the results of corrective interaction between the innate immune cells and acquired components of the immune system. Recently, the interest towards the immune system increased as significant target of toxicity due to exposure of chemicals, drugs and environmental pollutants. Numerous factors are involved in altering the immune responses of the host such as sex, age, stress, malnutrition, alcohol, genetic variability, life styles, environmental-pollutants and chemotherapy exposure. Immunomodulation is any modification of immune responses, often involved induction, amplification, attenuation or inhibition of immune responses. Several synthetic or traditional medicines are available in the market which promptly have many serious adverse effects and create pathogenic resistance. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring molecules, which significantly play an imperative role in modulating favorable immune responses. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with alterations in immune responses, and immunomodulatory activity of phytochemicals specifically, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols and sterolins.
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Pimentel-Moral S, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Alañón M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Pressurized GRAS solvents for the green extraction of phenolic compounds from hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oh JH, Karadeniz F, Seo Y, Kong CS. Effect of Quercetin 3- O-β-D-Galactopyranoside on the Adipogenic and Osteoblastogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218044. [PMID: 33126698 PMCID: PMC7663619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products, especially phenols, are promising therapeutic agents with beneficial effects against aging-related complications such as osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (Q3G), a glycoside of a common bioactive phytochemical quercetin, on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). hBM-MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the presence or absence of Q3G and the differentiation markers were analyzed to observe the effect. Q3G treatment stimulated the osteoblastogenesis markers: cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular mineralization. In addition, it upregulated the expression of RUNX2 and osteocalcin protein as osteoblastogenesis regulating transcription factors. Moreover, Q3G treatment increased the activation of osteoblastogenesis-related Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling displayed as elevated levels of phosphorylated β-catenin and Smad1/5 in nuclear fractions of osteo-induced hBM-MSCs. The presence of quercetin in adipo-induced hBM-MSC culture inhibited the adipogenic differentiation depicted as suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenesis markers such as PPARγ, SREBP1c and C/EBPα. In conclusion, Q3G supplementation stimulated osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs via Wnt/BMP and PPARγ pathways, respectively. This study provided useful information of the therapeutic potential of Q3G against osteoporosis mediated via regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea;
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-999-5429
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Rad SK, Movafagh A. Study of Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and DNA Damage Protecting Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Extracts Obtained by Sequential Extraction. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2020; 12:45-57. [PMID: 32807070 DOI: 10.2174/2212798411666200817120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) is an evergreen tree in China and Southern and Eastern Asia. In traditional medicine, cinnamon is widely used due to its many bioactivity effects. OBJECTIVE The present novel study aims to evaluate and make a comparison of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of different extractions of C. cassia bark using seven solvents having different polarities. Solvents polarity gradients start with the solvent of lower polarity, n-hexane, and end with water as the highest polar solvent. Among the extracts, acetone extract contains the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents; therefore, it is assessed for the ability to protect DNA from damage. METHODS The extracts are evaluated for total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities, using FRAP, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals scavenging assays. DNA damage protecting activity of the acetone extract is studied with the comet assay. Each of the extracts is studied for its antiproliferative effect against, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231(breast cancer), and HT29 (colon cancer), using MTT assay. RESULTS The acetone extract exhibited the highest FRAP value, phenolic and flavonoids contents when compared to the other extracts and could protect 45% mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3-L1) from DNA damage at 30 μg/ml. The lowest IC50 value in DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals scavenging was noticed in the ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value obtained for the hexane extract was the lowest compared to the other extracts in scavenging nitric oxide radicals. The hexane extract showed the highest antiproliferative effect against cancer cells followed by the chloroform extract. The ethyl acetate extract inhibited the proliferation of only MCF-7 by IC50 of 100 μg/ml, while the other extracts exhibited no IC50 in all the cancer cells. CONCLUSION C. cassia showed promising antioxidant and anticancer activities with significant DNA damage protecting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kianpour Rad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Kulkarni SA, Nagarajan SK, Ramesh V, Palaniyandi V, Selvam SP, Madhavan T. Computational evaluation of major components from plant essential oils as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Mol Struct 2020; 1221:128823. [PMID: 32834111 PMCID: PMC7334662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged as a global pandemic. Intense efforts are ongoing to find a vaccine or a drug to control the disease across the globe. Meanwhile, alternative therapies are also being explored to manage the disease. Phytochemicals present in essential oils are promising candidates which have been known to possess wide range of therapeutic activities. In this study, major components of several essential oils which are known for their antimicrobial properties have been docked against the S1 receptor binding domain of the spike (S) glycoprotein, which is the key target for novel antiviral drugs, to ascertain their inhibitory effects based on their binding affinities. It has been found that some monoterpenes, terpenoid phenols and phenyl propanoids such as anethole, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, geraniol, cinnamyl acetate, L-4-terpineol, thymol and pulegone from essential oils extracted from plants belonging to families such as Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Apiaceae, Geraniaceae and Fabaceae are effective antiviral agents that have potential to inhibit the viral spikeprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema A Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Computational Biology Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Veena Ramesh
- StemOnc R&D Private Ltd, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, 600010
| | - Velusamy Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Periyar Selvam
- Department of Food and Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Computational Biology Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
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Minde JJ, Venkataramana PB, Matemu AO. Dolichos Lablab-an underutilized crop with future potentials for food and nutrition security: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2249-2261. [PMID: 32530295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1775173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly goal number two in developing countries by 2030 is challenging. The State of Food Security and Nutrition (2019) in the World show prevalence of undernourishment which has practically remained unchanged for the last three years. This calls for sustainable synergies between food and nutrition in addressing the challenge. Exploring the potential of underutilized legumes such as Dolichos Lablab (Lablab purpureus) in improving food and nutrition security is of importance. Lablab is known among nutritious underutilized diversified legumes, which is drought tolerant relative to other legumes. However, it is less popular as human food. This review focuses on providing details on the nutritional potential of underutilized Lablab varieties for food availability, accessibility and satisfactorily utilization for improved livelihood. So far research attention has been focusing on good agronomic performance with less information on their nutritional quality and its contribution to the wellbeing of people. Both wild and cultivated Lablab accessions do differ morphologically and across diverse habitat environments. This may make them less known, untapped and underutilized despite its promising potential as a food resource in developing countries where malnutrition still exists. Efforts are needed to popularize high-quality nutritional accessions, enhancing their consumption and commercialization for feeding the ever-increasing population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine J Minde
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Pavithravani B Venkataramana
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Athanasia O Matemu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Evaluation of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Gel Formulation with Plantago Lanceolata, Achillea Millefolium, Aesculus Hippocastanum and Taxodium Distichum. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants hold a significant place as alternative treatments available for inflammatory diseases, with many phytoconstituents being frequently tested in vitro for their biological activities. In the current study, we investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of a novel active gel formulation, combining Achillea millefolium and Taxodium distichum essential oils with extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum seeds and Plantago lanceolata leaves. The toxicity of the obtained extracts and volatile oils was determined using the invertebrate model based on Daphnia magna. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by the plethysmometric method on Wistar rats, expressed as the inhibition of the inflammatory oedema (%IIO), while the antinociceptive response was determined on NMRI mice, according to the tail-flick latency method. The tested gel’s efficacy was similar to the 5% diclofenac standard (maximal %IIO of 42.01% vs. 48.70%, respectively), with the anti-inflammatory effect being observed sooner than for diclofenac. Our active gel also produced a significant prolongation of tail-flick latencies at both 60 and 120 min, comparable to diclofenac. Consequently, we can imply that the active constituents present in vivo anti-inflammatory properties, and the prepared gel may be suited for use as an alternative treatment of topical inflammatory conditions.
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35
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Sharifi S, Fathi N, Memar MY, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Khalilov R, Negahdari R, Zununi Vahed S, Maleki Dizaj S. Anti-microbial activity of curcumin nanoformulations: New trends and future perspectives. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1926-1946. [PMID: 32166813 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been used in numerous anti-microbial research because of its low side effects and extensive traditional applications. Despite having a wide range of effects, the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics such as low bioavailability, poor water solubility, photodegradation, chemical instability, short half-life and fast metabolism of curcumin derivatives limit their pharmaceutical importance. To overcome these drawbacks and improve the therapeutic ability of curcuminoids, novel approaches have been attempted recently. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems can increase the efficiency of curcumin in several diseases, especially infectious diseases. These innovative strategies include polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanoemulsion, nanocomposite, nanofibers, liposome, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), polymeric micelles, quantum dots, polymeric blend films and nanomaterial-based combination of curcumin with other anti-bacterial agents. Integration of curcumin in these delivery systems has displayed to improve their solubility, bioavailability, transmembrane permeability, prolong plasma half-life, long-term stability, target-specific delivery and upgraded the therapeutic effects. In this review paper, a range of in vitro and in vivo studies have been critically discussed to explore the therapeutic viability and pharmaceutical significance of the nano-formulated delivery systems to elevate the anti-bacterial activities of curcumin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Fathi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Institute of Radiation Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine.,Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ramin Negahdari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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36
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Lee KJ, Baek DY, Lee GA, Cho GT, So YS, Lee JR, Ma KH, Chung JW, Hyun DY. Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Korean Black Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Landraces. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030213. [PMID: 32150893 PMCID: PMC7139723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black soybean (Glycine max L.) has been used as a traditional medicine because its seed coat contains various natural phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation in the agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of 172 Korean black soybean landraces (KBSLs) and establish a relationship among them. The evaluation of three agricultural traits (days to 50% flowering, maturity, and 100-seed weight), six phytochemicals (delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, daidzin, glycitin, and genestin), and four antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total polyphenol content (TPC) of 172 KBSLs were analyzed in 2012 and 2015. The agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of the 172 KBSLs showed wide variation among the accessions and years. In correlation analysis, the agricultural traits and phytochemicals showed positive and negative correlations with phytochemicals and antioxidant activity, respectively. The principal component analyses result indicated that phytochemicals accounted for most of the variability in the KBSLs. In clustering analysis, the 172 KBSLs were classified into four clusters. These results could lead to expanding the knowledge of the agricultural traits, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of the KBSLs, which are valuable materials for the development of new soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jun Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (K.J.L.); (G.-T.C.); (J.-R.L.)
| | - Da-Young Baek
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.-Y.B.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Gi-An Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (K.J.L.); (G.-T.C.); (J.-R.L.)
| | - Gyu-Taek Cho
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (K.J.L.); (G.-T.C.); (J.-R.L.)
| | - Yoon-Sup So
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.-Y.B.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Jung-Ro Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (K.J.L.); (G.-T.C.); (J.-R.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Ma
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Jong-Wook Chung
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (D.Y.H.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2518 (J.-W.C.); +82-63-238-4912 (D.Y.H.)
| | - Do Yoon Hyun
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (K.J.L.); (G.-T.C.); (J.-R.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (D.Y.H.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2518 (J.-W.C.); +82-63-238-4912 (D.Y.H.)
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Chai TT, Xiao J, Dass SM, Wong FC. Laccase-catalyzed, Phytochemical-mediated Protein Crosslinking Conjugates. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200218.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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