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Jahromi AS, Jokar M, Sharifi N, Kashkooli S, Rahmanian K, Rahmanian V. Global knowledge and attitudes towards mpox (monkeypox) among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Health 2024; 16:487-498. [PMID: 37861417 PMCID: PMC11375569 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent increase in human mpox (monkeypox) cases emphasizes the importance of early detection, prompt response and preventive management to control the spread of the disease. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a crucial role in this process. This study aimed to determine the global knowledge and attitudes towards mpox among HCWs. METHODS This study searched multiple databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Springer and ProQuest, to locate various publications. The search was limited to English-language articles published between May 2022 (when the increase in mpox incidence was reported) and August 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality checklist was utilized to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Data were obtained using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and subsequently scrutinized through STATA software, version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics based on the I2 test statistics. The Dersimonian and Liard random effects models were used where heterogeneity existed. Subgroup analysis and univariate and multivariable metaregression techniques were used to examine the causes of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 22 studies, including 22 studies for knowledge (27 731 HCWs) and 6 studies for attitudes (14 388 HCWs), were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates for good knowledge and positive attitudes among HCWs were 26.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.8 to 34.2) and 34.6% (95% CI 19.0 to 50.2), respectively. Moreover, the knowledge was 34.8% (95% CI 24.1 to 45.6) among HCWs with <5 y of work experience and 41.6% (95% CI 33.1 to 50) among individuals possessing >5 y of professional background. CONCLUSIONS Good knowledge of HCWs is at a low level. It is suggested that training sessions should be tailored towards younger HCWs with less healthcare experience. Additionally, it is essential to identify strategies on how to improve the knowledge and attitudes for better practice about the disease in HCWs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Jokar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Sharifi
- Department of Public Health, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Sirus Kashkooli
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Karamatollah Rahmanian
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
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Galick DS, Donfack OT, Mifumu TAO, Onvogo CNO, Dougan TB, Mikue MIAA, Nguema GE, Eribo CO, Euka MMB, Marone Martin KP, Phiri WP, Guerra CA, García GA. Adapting malaria indicator surveys to investigate treatment adherence: a pilot study on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Malar J 2024; 23:244. [PMID: 39138464 PMCID: PMC11323597 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-05057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to anti-malarial treatment regimens is an important aspect of understanding and improving the impact of malaria case management. However, both adherence to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and the factors driving it vary widely. While many other evaluation activities have been conducted on Bioko Island, until now adherence to anti-malarial treatments, and in particular ACT has not been evaluated. METHODS The implementation of a malaria indicator survey (MIS) conducted on Bioko in 2023 was leveraged to evaluate adherence to ACT provided to individuals testing positive following the survey. A follow-up team visited the targeted households, physically observed treatment blisters where possible, and provided messaging to household members on the importance of adhering to the treatment guidelines to household members. The team used survey data from the targeted households to make messaging as relevant to the household's particular context as possible. RESULTS Overall ACT adherence on Bioko Island was low, around 50%, and this varied demographically and geographically. Some of the highest transmission areas had exceptionally low adherence, but no systematic relationship between proper adherence and Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was detected. Estimates of adherence from follow-up visits were much lower than survey-based estimates in the same households (52.5% versus 87.1%), suggesting that lack of proper adherence may be a much larger issue on Bioko Island than previously thought. CONCLUSION Representative surveys can be easily adapted to provide empirical estimates of adherence to anti-malarial treatments, complementary to survey-based and health facility-based estimates. The large discrepancy between adherence as measured in this study and survey-based estimates on Bioko Island suggests a health facility-based study to quantify adherence among the population receiving treatment for symptomatic malaria may be necessary.
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Luttrell A, Trentadue JT. Advocating for Mask-Wearing Across the Aisle: Applying Moral Reframing in Health Communication. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:270-282. [PMID: 36624965 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2163535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States public polarized along political lines in their willingness to adopt various health-protective measures. To bridge these political divides, we tested moral reframing as a tool for advocating for wearing face masks when audiences vary in their moral priorities. We additionally address a gap in prior moral reframing research by comparing responses to a topic-relevant non-moral appeal. Across two studies, we examined effects on perceived message effectiveness, intentions to wear masks, support for a nationwide mask mandate, and willingness to share messages on social media. We find support for the efficacy of ideology-matched moral arguments and generally find support for the boomerang effect of ideology-mismatched moral arguments. However, these effects were restricted to relatively liberal audiences; politically conservative message recipients did not differentiate between message conditions. We discuss these asymmetric effects and their implications for theory in moral rhetoric.
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Jia M, Ju R, Zhu J. Understanding Mental Health Organizations' Instagram Through Visuals: A Content Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:767-777. [PMID: 36856059 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2185350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the content, visual features, and audience engagement data of Instagram posts from two mental health organizations over one year (N = 725). For content features, mental health literacy and communicative strategies were examined. Posts that promoted knowledge of mental disorders and treatments, used information and community strategy were more likely to receive higher audience engagement. Visual features of demographic segments, visual composition, and visual framing topics were analyzed. Images that covered an unspecific population, used illustrated images, and focused on anti-stigma topical frames obtained more engagement. Theoretical contributions and practical applications regarding visual message design and management on social media to promote mental health are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyi Jia
- Communication and Media Studies Department, State University of New York at Cortland
| | - Ran Ju
- Department of Public Relations, Mount Royal University
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University
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Guo Z, Wu Q, Wang X, Dai Y, Ma Y, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin J. Effects of message framing and risk perception on health communication for optimum cardiovascular disease primary prevention: a protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1308745. [PMID: 38550324 PMCID: PMC10972929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1308745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although several guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) management have highlighted the significance of primary prevention, the execution and adherence to lifestyle modifications and preventive medication interventions are insufficient in everyday clinical practice. The utilization of effective risk communication can assist individuals in shaping their perception of CVD risk, motivating them to make lifestyle changes, and increasing their willingness to engage with preventive medication, ultimately reducing their CVD risks and potential future events. However, there is limited evidence available regarding the optimal format and content of CVD risk communication. Objective The pilot study aims to elucidate the most effective risk communication strategy, utilizing message framing (gain-framed, loss-framed, or no-framed), for distinct subgroups of risk perception (under-perceived, over-perceived, and correctly-perceived CVD risk) through a multi-center randomized controlled trial design. Methods A multi-center 3 × 3 factorial, observer-blinded experimental design was conducted. The participants will be assigned into three message-framing arms randomly in a 1:1:1 ratio and will receive an 8-week intervention online. Participants are aged 20-80 years old and have a 10-year risk of absolute CVD risk of at least 5% (moderate risk or above). We plan to enroll 240 participants based on the sample calculation. The primary outcome is the CVD prevention behaviors and CVD absolute risk value. Data collection will occur at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Discussion This experimental study will expect to determine the optimal matching strategy between risk perception subgroups and risk information format, and it has the potential to offer health providers in community or clinic settings a dependable and efficient health communication information template for conducting CVD risk management.Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=207811, ChiCTR2300076337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Guo
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunhua Wu
- Referral Office, The People’s No.3 Hospital of Hangzhou Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Media, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Dai
- Office of Chronic Disease Management, Nanxing Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - YunJing Qiu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingfen Jin
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Maltz A, Rashkovich S, Sarid A, Cohen Y, Landau T, Saifer E, Amorai Belkin N, Alcalay T. The Framing Effect of Digital Textual Messages on Uptake Rates of Medical Checkups: Field Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e45379. [PMID: 38446543 PMCID: PMC10955408 DOI: 10.2196/45379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care authorities often use text messages to enhance compliance with medical recommendations. The effectiveness of different message framings has been studied extensively over the past 3 decades. Recently, health care providers have begun using digital media platforms to disseminate health-related messages. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of some of the most widely used message framings on the uptake rates of medical checkups. METHODS This study used a large-scale digital outreach campaign conducted by Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) during 2020-2021, involving a total of 113,048 participants. MHS members aged 50-74 years were invited to take their recommended medical actions from the following list: human papillomavirus (HPV), mammography, abdominal aortic aneurysm, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and pneumococcal vaccination. Each member was randomly assigned to receive 1 of 6 message framings: control (neutrally framed; n=20,959, 18.5%), gains (benefits of compliance; n=20,393, 18%), losses (negative consequences of noncompliance; n=15,165, 13.4%), recommendation (a recommendation by an authoritative figure, in this context by a physician; n=20,584, 18.2%), implementation intentions (linking potential outcomes to future reactions; n=20,701, 18.3%), and empowerment (emphasizing personal responsibility for maintaining good health; n=15,246, 13.5%). The time frames for measuring a successful intervention were 14 days for scheduling screenings (ie, HPV, mammography, or abdominal aortic aneurysm), 30 days for performing the FOBT, and 60 days for receiving pneumococcal vaccination. We also examined the effectiveness of media channels (text message or email) on uptake rates and whether the subject-line length is correlated with message-opening rates. RESULTS No significant effect of message framing on uptake rates of medical checkups was observed. The rates of appointments for screening ranged from 12.9% to 14.1% across treatments. Based on a chi-square test, there was no evidence to reject the null hypothesis that these compliance rates are independent of the treatments (P=.35). The uptake rates for the FOBT and pneumococcal vaccination ranged from 23.3% to 23.8% across treatments, and we could not reject the hypothesis that they are independent of the treatments (P=.88). We also found that emails are more effective than text messages (P<.001) and that the subject-line length is negatively correlated with message-opening rates. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found for an effect of the 5 message framings on uptake rates of medical checkups. To enhance compliance rates, public health officials may consider alternative framings. Furthermore, media channels and the subject-line length should be given careful consideration in the planning stages of health care campaigns. TRIAL REGISTRATION AEA RCT Registry AEARCTR-0006317; https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/6317/history/201365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Maltz
- Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Adi Sarid
- Sarid Research Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yafit Cohen
- Marketing Automation Department, Maccbi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Landau
- AI & Big Data Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elina Saifer
- Marketing Automation Department, Maccbi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Amorai Belkin
- Marketing Automation Department, Maccbi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Alcalay
- Nursing Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Adorni R, Zanatta F, Cappelletti ER, Greco A, Steca P, D'Addario M. Effectiveness of a tailored communication intervention to improve physical activity in hypertensive patients: a twelve-month randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38443805 PMCID: PMC10913652 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Arterial hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Despite this, individuals with hypertension often fail to follow medical advice to counteract cardiovascular risks. A physically active lifestyle is one of the most challenging behaviors to adopt. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the effectiveness of a tailored print message intervention to increase physical activity in patients with arterial hypertension. METHODS A sample of 188 patients with hypertension (mean age = 63 years; SD = 10.9; 50% men) participated in a theory-based tailored health communication intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to three parallel groups: (1) the tailored group, which received tailored health brochures; (2) the non-tailored group, which received non-tailored health brochures; or (3) the usual care group, which received no informative print materials. The longitudinal physical activity trajectories (baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-ups) were examined using repeated measures ANOVA and growth curve models. RESULTS At the baseline, 38.8% of patients achieved the target physical activity. This percentage rose to 43.0% at 6-month follow-up and 46.0% at 12-month follow-up. The descriptive statistics divided in function of the experimental group suggested differences in the longitudinal trend of the mean physical activity depending on the experimental group. However, statistical significance using repeated measures ANOVA did not support this observation. The analysis of the growth curves suggested that the tailored group showed a progressive increase in physical activity over twelve months (the model that best described the longitudinal trajectory was a linear growth model). The non-tailored group showed an increase in physical activity six months after the beginning of the intervention, followed by a decrease (free time score model). The usual care group did not change over time (no-growth model). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the effectiveness of the tailored intervention proposed. However, further investigations and empirical confirmations are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13415993 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13415993 ). Registration date: 08/04/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zanatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco D'Addario
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Slavik CE, Chapman DA, Cohen AS, Bendefaa N, Peters E. Clearing the air: evaluating institutions' social media health messaging on wildfire and smoke risks in the US Pacific Northwest. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38317121 PMCID: PMC10840270 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire smoke contributes substantially to the global disease burden and is a major cause of air pollution in the US states of Oregon and Washington. Climate change is expected to bring more wildfires to this region. Social media is a popular platform for health promotion and a need exists for effective communication about smoke risks and mitigation measures to educate citizens and safeguard public health. METHODS Using a sample of 1,287 Tweets from 2022, we aimed to analyze temporal Tweeting patterns in relation to potential smoke exposure and evaluate and compare institutions' use of social media communication best practices which include (i) encouraging adoption of smoke-protective actions; (ii) leveraging numeric, verbal, and Air Quality Index risk information; and (iii) promoting community-building. Tweets were characterized using keyword searches and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. RESULTS 44% of Tweets in our sample were authored between January-August 2022, prior to peak wildfire smoke levels, whereas 54% of Tweets were authored during the two-month peak in smoke (September-October). Institutional accounts used Twitter (or X) to encourage the adoption of smoke-related protective actions (82% of Tweets), more than they used it to disseminate wildfire smoke risk information (25%) or promote community-building (47%). Only 10% of Tweets discussed populations vulnerable to wildfire smoke health effects, and 14% mentioned smoke mitigation measures. Tweets from Washington-based accounts used significantly more verbal and numeric risk information to discuss wildfire smoke than Oregon-based accounts (p = 0.042 and p = 0.003, respectively); however, Tweets from Oregon-based accounts on average contained a higher percentage of words associated with community-building language (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This research provides practical recommendations for public health practitioners and researchers communicating wildfire smoke risks on social media. As exposures to wildfire smoke rise due to climate change, reducing the environmental disease burden requires health officials to leverage popular communication platforms, distribute necessary health-related messaging rapidly, and get the message right. Timely, evidence-based, and theory-driven messaging is critical for educating and empowering individuals to make informed decisions about protecting themselves from harmful exposures. Thus, proactive and sustained communications about wildfire smoke should be prioritized even during wildfire "off-seasons."
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Slavik
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Daniel A Chapman
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Alex Segrè Cohen
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nahla Bendefaa
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Ellen Peters
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Geana MV, Liu P, Pei J, Anderson S, Ramaswamy M. "A Friendly Conversation." Developing an eHealth Intervention to Increase COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Literacy Among Women with Criminal and Legal System Involvement. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:131-142. [PMID: 38111197 PMCID: PMC10842808 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2293094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Many women leaving jails are ill-prepared to follow recommended COVID-19 mitigation practices, including testing and vaccination. Low COVID-19-related health literacy, exposure to disinformation, and mistrust in authorities put women at increased risk. Research on this population has shown significant use of mobile devices for communication and web access and public Wi-fi for the internet. Using inductive (formative empirical research with the community) and deductive (theory-based) practices, we designed, developed, and pilot-tested a multimedia, culturally tailored web-based electronic health (eHealth) application to increase COVID-19-specific health literacy and promote testing and vaccination among women with criminal and legal system involvement (CLSI). The intervention included a serialized animated multimedia component and a telenovela-style series, complementing each other and addressing knowledge needs identified in the formative research phase of the project. The eHealth intervention was pilot-tested with 13 CLSI women by using online activity logs and semi-structured telephone interviews. Findings confirmed that eHealth interventions employing multimodal information delivery had increased chances of engaging audiences, especially when developed with input from the target population and are culturally tailored. In addition, using a web-based delivery optimized for mobile made the intervention accessible on various devices and decreased the risk of technical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugur V. Geana
- Center for Excellence in Health Communication to Underserved Populations, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Media, Design, and Communication, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jun Pei
- Center for Excellence in Health Communication to Underserved Populations, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sherri Anderson
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Megha Ramaswamy
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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IJzerman RVH, van der Vaart R, Breeman LD, van den Broek I, Keesman M, Kraaijenhagen RA, Reijnders T, Weerts M, Evers AWM, Scholte Op Reimer WJM, Janssen VR. Brief lifestyle advice in cardiac care: an experimental study on message source and framing. Neth Heart J 2024; 32:38-44. [PMID: 37945935 PMCID: PMC10781907 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Communicating risk information and offering lifestyle advice are important goals in cardiac rehabilitation. However, the most effective way and the most effective source to communicate this information are not yet known. Therefore, we examined the effect of source (cardiologist, physiotherapist) and framing (gain, loss) of brief lifestyle advice on patients' intention-to-change-lifestyle. METHODS In an online experimental study, 636 cardiac patients (40% female, 67 (10) yrs.) were randomly assigned to one of four textual vignettes. Effect of source and framing on intention-to-change-lifestyle (assessed using a 5-point Likert scale) was analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS Patients expressed positive intention-to-change-lifestyle after receiving advice from the cardiologist (M = 4.1) and physiotherapist (M = 3.9). However, patients showed significantly higher intention-to-change-lifestyle after receiving advice from the cardiologist (0.58 [0.54-0.61]) when compared with the physiotherapist (0.52 [0.48-0.56]), (F[1,609] = 7.06, P = 0.01). Gain-framed and loss-framed advice appeared equally effective. However, communicating risks (loss) was remembered by only 9% of patients, whereas 89% remembered benefits (gain). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the value of cardiologists and physiotherapists communicating brief lifestyle advice, as cardiac patients expressed positive intention for lifestyle change after receiving advice, irrespective of framing. Lifestyle advice should include benefits due to better recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée V H IJzerman
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rosalie van der Vaart
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda D Breeman
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mike Keesman
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Reijnders
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea W M Evers
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Medical Delta, Healthy Society, Leiden University, Technical University Delft, Erasmus University, Leiden, Delft, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma J M Scholte Op Reimer
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Group Chronic Diseases, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica R Janssen
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chu TH, Xiao F. Applying Stages of Change Model to Examine Online Peer Communication on Binge Eating. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3012-3021. [PMID: 36214317 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2129640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the distress and disruption associated with eating disorder (ED), people struggling with EDs are often ambivalent about their eating issues and unmotivated for recovery. Rather than seek professional help, these people tend to turn to online ED groups for information and support. Using the stages of change model, this study investigates the characteristics of online peer communication around binging vis-à-vis participants' motivation and readiness for behavioral change. Our results illustrate how individuals with binging issues in different motivational stages discuss their problematic eating online and provides insights into their ambivalence toward treatment and relapses into binging. This study further clarifies how people with binging issues feel trapped in a cycle of dieting-binging, which is observed to be undergirded by unresolved weight-related issues, and how they cope with the stressful relationship between eating and body weight through their postings on social media. These findings suggest that healthcare providers should promote healthier methods of addressing the weight gain from binge eating and provide support tailored to individuals' motivational stage in breaking the dieting-binging cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Hang Chu
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong
| | - Fan Xiao
- School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University
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Turon H, Wolfenden L, Finch M, McCrabb S, Naughton S, O'Connor SR, Renda A, Webb E, Doherty E, Howse E, Harrison CL, Love P, Smith N, Sutherland R, Yoong SL. Dissemination of public health research to prevent non-communicable diseases: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:757. [PMID: 37095484 PMCID: PMC10123991 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissemination is a critical element of the knowledge translation pathway, and a necessary step to ensure research evidence is adopted and implemented by key end users in order to improve health outcomes. However, evidence-based guidance to inform dissemination activities in research is limited. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe the scientific literature examining strategies to disseminate public health evidence related to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. METHODS Medline, PsycInfo and EBSCO Search Ultimate were searched in May 2021 for studies published between January 2000 and the search date that reported on the dissemination of evidence to end users of public health evidence, within the context of the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Studies were synthesised according to the four components of Brownson and colleagues' Model for Dissemination of Research (source, message, channel and audience), as well as by study design. RESULTS Of the 107 included studies, only 14% (n = 15) directly tested dissemination strategies using experimental designs. The remainder primarily reported on dissemination preferences of different populations, or outcomes such as awareness, knowledge and intentions to adopt following evidence dissemination. Evidence related to diet, physical activity and/or obesity prevention was the most disseminated topic. Researchers were the source of disseminated evidence in over half the studies, and study findings/knowledge summaries were more frequently disseminated as the message compared to guidelines or an evidence-based program/intervention. A broad range of dissemination channels were utilised, although peer-reviewed publications/conferences and presentations/workshops predominated. Practitioners were the most commonly reported target audience. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant gap in the peer reviewed literature, with few experimental studies published that analyse and evaluate the effect of different sources, messages and target audiences on the determinants of uptake of public health evidence for prevention. Such studies are important as they can help inform and improve the effectiveness of current and future dissemination practices in public health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Turon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Meghan Finch
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Shaan Naughton
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Sean R O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland
| | - Ana Renda
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Emily Webb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Doherty
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Eloise Howse
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Cheryce L Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Penelope Love
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (SENS), Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
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da Silva K, Baxter GD, Calder A. Views of men with Parkinson's disease regarding physical activity health messaging. Disabil Health J 2023; 16:101370. [PMID: 36123293 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many men with Parkinson's Disease (PD) do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity (PA) for health benefits. Tailored, meaningful, and culturally sensitive PA health messages may be a catalyst to shape men's motivations toward participation. OBJECTIVE We explored the views of New Zealand (NZ) men with PD about existing PA health messages, and how these could be adapted to be more effective. METHODS This qualitative study recruited six community dwelling, regularly physically active, NZ European men with PD (aged 54-69 years, 2-18 years post-diagnosis) from a community exercise class in Canterbury, NZ. Participants engaged in semi-structured interviews which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed inductively for themes. RESULTS Participants expressed that effective PA health messages should reflect men's motivations for PA which included physical and mental well-being and social connection. Inclusive, positive, and relatable language and imagery were considered crucial PA message communication strategies. Participants viewed health professionals' PA advice as superficial and unhelpful; however, celebrities with PD were considered inspirational messengers. Messages endorsed by trustworthy sources, such as the Parkinson's Society, were perceived to enhance the credibility. CONCLUSIONS Effective PA messages should be gain framed and tailored to the target audience. We recommend health professionals provide comprehensive PA advice or consider onward referral. Future research which uses a co-design participatory methodology to collaborate with men with PD from culturally diverse backgrounds and represent all stages of PA behaviour change is recommended to provide comprehensive insights for meaningful, effective, and culturally sensitive PA health messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis da Silva
- Centre for Health, Activity, And Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - G David Baxter
- Centre for Health, Activity, And Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Allyson Calder
- Centre for Health, Activity, And Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards monkeypox during the 2022 outbreak: An online cross-sectional survey among clinicians in Ohio, USA. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1459-1465. [PMID: 36403402 PMCID: PMC9650995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling monkeypox effectively requires clinicians have knowledge of monkeypox, attitudes supporting of controlling it, and intentions to adopt practices to address it. Little is known, however, about levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) in clinician populations in Ohio, United States. METHODS A cross-sectional, internet-based questionnaire assessed knowledge related to monkeypox, attitudes toward ability to control monkeypox and the threat of monkeypox, and prior relevant practices of having received a smallpox vaccine or having knowledge of monkeypox before 2022, intentions to adopt preventive practices, and demographics. Frequency reporting was used to assess overall knowledge and attitudes. Binary logistic regression was used to predict which KAPs were associated with behavioral intentions. RESULTS A total of 197 clinicians participated. No demographic factor was associated with KAPs. Clinicians had relatively poor levels of knowledge. Participants expressed mixed attitudes about eventual control of monkeypox and about threat posed by monkeypox. About one in four participants reported previous knowledge of monkeypox, and about 40 % had received a smallpox vaccine Clinicians reported insufficient levels of intention to adopt preventive practices. Binary regression analysis suggests only perceptions of the threat of monkeypox to public health were associated with intentions to vaccinate self or others. CONCLUSIONS Educational interventions with clinicians should address inadequate knowledge to support correct diagnosis and treatment. Efforts to enhance the perception of threat of monkeypox to public health may support adherence to preventive recommendations.
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Derricks V, Mosher J, Earl A, Jayaratne TE, Shubrook JH. Real and Perceived Discordance in Physicians and U.S. Adults' Beliefs Regarding the Causes and Controllability of Type 2 Diabetes. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1264-1275. [PMID: 33622109 PMCID: PMC8380747 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1885775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discordance between physicians and patients' health beliefs can impede health communication efforts. However, little research considers physicians' perceptions of patient beliefs, despite the importance of perceptions in shaping communication. In the current work, we examine instances of actual and perceived discordance between physicians and U.S. adults' beliefs regarding the causes and controllability of type 2 diabetes. 229 family physicians completed an online survey measuring their health beliefs and perceptions of their patients' beliefs. Physicians' responses were contrasted against beliefs from a national survey sample of 1,168 U.S. adults. T-tests assessed whether (a) physicians' beliefs diverged from the national sample's beliefs (actual discordance), (b) physicians perceived that their health beliefs diverged from their patients' beliefs (perceived discordance), and (c) physicians' perceptions of patient beliefs diverged from the national sample's beliefs (accuracy of perceived discordance). Findings revealed evidence of actual discordance; compared to the national sample, physicians were more likely to attribute type 2 diabetes to genes (versus lifestyle factors) and perceived greater control over developing diabetes. Moreover, although physicians perceived discordance between their own and their patients' beliefs, data from the national sample suggested that these gaps were less substantial than physicians expected. In particular, findings showed that physicians generally overestimated discordance, expecting that people would be less likely to (1) attribute the development of diabetes to lifestyle factors (versus genes), and (2) perceive control over developing diabetes, than was actually reported. Implications of actual and perceived discordance for effective health communication and patient education are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Derricks
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy Mosher
- Touro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Allison Earl
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Toby E. Jayaratne
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay H. Shubrook
- Touro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA
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Smit CR, Bevelander KE, de Leeuw RNH, Buijzen M. Motivating Social Influencers to Engage in Health Behavior Interventions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885688. [PMID: 35936257 PMCID: PMC9354713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social influencers are widely known as the promotors of purchase behavior as well as for their potential to change health behaviors among individuals in their social networks. For social influencers to be successful in changing behaviors, it is essential that they convey their message in an authentic, original, credible, and persistent manner. In the context of health behavior interventions, this requires a focus on the motivation of social influencers to engage in the intervention. This perspective article describes the importance of motivating social influencers to engage in the desired health behaviors themselves and to promote it within their social network. We briefly describe the current state of knowledge and our empirical experience in implementing health interventions with social influencers. Using insights from self-determination theory, we demonstrate how social influencers can be motivated optimally in health behavior interventions and, thereby, improving the success of the intervention. To illustrate these insights and guide intervention practice, we provide concrete examples of techniques that can be applied in health interventions involving social influencers. We conclude with directions for further research and intervention practice to improve the delivery of health behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R. Smit
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Crystal R. Smit
| | - Kirsten E. Bevelander
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University and Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Moniek Buijzen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Baldwin JN, Haslam RL, Clarke E, Attia J, Hutchesson MJ, Rollo ME, Callister R, Burrows T, Truby H, McCaffrey TA, Hides L, Bonevski B, Kerr DA, Kirkpatrick SI, Collins CE. Eating Behaviors and Diet Quality: A National Survey of Australian Young Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:397-405. [PMID: 35534098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between eating behavior constructs (social eating, perceived competence, habit automaticity, self-determined motivation) and diet quality among young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS Young adults (n = 1,005; mean age, 21.7 ± 2.0 years; 85% female) enrolled in the Advice, Ideas, and Motivation for My Eating (Aim4Me) study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four eating behavior measures collected via online surveys: Social Eating Scale, Perceived Competence in Healthy Eating Scale, Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, and Regulation of Eating Behaviors scales. Diet quality was assessed using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and percentage energy from energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. ANALYSIS Multivariate linear regression investigating associations between eating behavior measures (independent variables) and ARFS and EDNP foods (dependent variables), adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders. RESULTS Greater perceived competence in healthy eating and behavioral automaticity for consuming healthy foods, limiting EDNP food intake, and higher intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identified regulation of eating behaviors were associated with higher ARFS and lower percentage energy EDNP foods (P < 0.001). Greater self-reported social influence on eating behaviors was associated with higher ARFS (P = 0.01). Higher amotivation was associated with greater % energy from EDNP foods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Perceived competence, habit automaticity, and self-determined motivation are determinants of diet quality in young adults. These findings support the development of interventions that promote healthy eating habits by focusing on eating behavior constructs and evaluating their use in improving diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Baldwin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Erin Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Discipline of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Deborah A Kerr
- Curtin School of Population Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON. Canada
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
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18
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Marlow LAV, Nemec M, Vlaev I, Waller J. Testing the content for a targeted age-relevant intervention to promote cervical screening uptake in women aged 50-64 years. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:623-644. [PMID: 34339562 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low uptake of cervical screening in women in their 50s and 60s leaves them at elevated risk of cancer in older age. An age-targeted intervention could be an effective way to motivate older women to attend cervical screening. Our primary objective was to test the impact of different candidate messages on cervical screening intention strength. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey with randomized exposure to different candidate messages. METHODS Women aged 50-64 years who were not intending to be screened when next invited were recruited through an online panel. Those meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 825) were randomized to one of three groups: (1) control group, (2) intervention group 1, (3) intervention group 2. Each intervention group saw three candidate messages. These included a descriptive social norms message, a diagram illustrating the likelihood of each possible screening outcome, a response efficacy message, a risk reduction message and an acknowledgement of the potential for screening discomfort. We tested age-targeted versions (vs. generic) of some messages. The primary outcome was screening intention strength. RESULTS After adjusting for baseline intention, social norms (p = .425), outcome expectancy (p = .367), risk reduction (p = .090), response efficacy (p = .136) and discomfort acknowledgement messages (p = .181) had no effect on intention strength. Age-targeted messages did not result in greater intention than generic ones. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that a single message used to convey social norms, outcome expectancy, risk reduction or response efficacy had an impact on intention strength for older women who did not plan to be screened in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A V Marlow
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Martin Nemec
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Ivo Vlaev
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Cancer Prevention Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
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Yang X, Wei L, Liu Z. Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Using the Health Belief Model: Does Information Acquisition from Divergent Sources Make a Difference? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3887. [PMID: 35409568 PMCID: PMC8997454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As a promising approach to stop the escalation of the pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine promotion is becoming a challenging task for authorities worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective sources for disseminating information on the COVID-19 vaccine to promote individuals' behavioral intention to take the vaccine. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study illustrated the mechanism of how COVID-19 information acquisition from different sources was transformed into vaccination intentions via health beliefs. Using an online survey in China, the structural equation model results revealed that perceived benefits and cues to action were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions, and perceived barriers were negatively related to the intentions. However, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity had no significant relationships with the intentions. Moreover, the findings unveiled differences in the effects of acquiring information via multiple sources among traditional media, new media, and interpersonal interactions. Notably, new media and interpersonal interactions were more salient in promoting vaccination intention via health beliefs, compared with traditional media. The findings from this study will benefit health officials in terms of utilizing different information sources in vaccine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyue Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (X.Y.); (L.W.)
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Fischer B, Robinson T, Bullen C, Curran V, Jutras-Aswad D, Medina-Mora ME, Pacula RL, Rehm J, Room R, van den Brink W, Hall W. Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 99:103381. [PMID: 34465496 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and is associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public health goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) and recommendations were previously developed to reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse health outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed to review new scientific evidence and to develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this evidence basis. METHODS Targeted searches for literature (since 2016) on main risk factors for cannabis-related adverse health outcomes modifiable by the user-individual were conducted. Topical areas were informed by previous LRCUG content and expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused on systematic reviews, supplemented by key individual studies. The review results were evidence-graded, topically organized and narratively summarized; recommendations were developed through an iterative scientific expert consensus development process. RESULTS A substantial body of modifiable risk factors for cannabis use-related health harms were identified with varying evidence quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters and three precautionary statements were developed. In general, current evidence suggests that individuals can substantially reduce their risk for adverse health outcomes if they delay the onset of cannabis use until after adolescence, avoid the use of high-potency (THC) cannabis products and high-frequency/-intensity of use, and refrain from smoking-routes for administration. While young people are particularly vulnerable to cannabis-related harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those with co-morbidities) are advised to exercise particular caution with use-related risks. Legal/regulated cannabis products should be used where possible. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use can result in adverse health outcomes, mostly among sub-groups with higher-risk use. Reducing the risk factors identified can help to reduce health harms from use. The LRCUG offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive public health approach for cannabis use. They require effective audience-tailoring and dissemination, regular updating as new evidence become available, and should be evaluated for their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fischer
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tessa Robinson
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Bullen
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; National Institute for Health Innovation (NIHI), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Center for Global Mental Health Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, United Kingdom
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Casado-Aranda LA, van der Laan N, Sánchez-Fernández J. Neural activity in self-related brain regions in response to tailored nutritional messages predicts dietary change. Appetite 2021; 170:105861. [PMID: 34920049 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become international public health problems, so there is an urgent need to implement effective interventions that prevent these concerning health issues. Designing personalized (tailored) dietary communications has become one of the most effective tools in reducing unhealthy eating behavior, when compared with one-size-fits-all messages (untailored). However, more research is required to gain a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which tailored nutritional messages elicit reductions in unhealthy dietary behavior. To the best of our knowledge, our study may be the first to use neuroimaging, namely functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), aiming to evaluate the neural basis of tailored and untailored nutritional messages and assess how these neural responses predict unhealthy food intake reduction after a month receiving tailored nutritional messages. To that goal, 30 participants were scanned while reading tailored and untailored nutritional messages. Subsequently, for a month, they received tailored interventions encouraging healthy food intake. The neural findings reveal that when compared to untailored communications, tailored messages elicit brain networks associated with self-relevance, such as the precuneus, the middle temporal gyrus, the hippocampus, the inferior orbitofrontal cortex (OBC), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC), and the angular gyrus. Interestingly, among these self-related brain areas, the dMPFC, OFC, angular gyrus, and hippocampus forecast reductions in unhealthy food intake after a one-month tailored intervention for the cessation of unhealthy eating. These results may offer implications for clinicians, practitioners, and/or policymakers who should implement substantial efforts in creating individualized campaigns focused on their target's perceived needs, goals, and drivers in relation to eating healthy to reduce overweight issues. This research therefore constitutes a step forward in showing a direct association between the neural responses to tailored nutritional messages and changes in real-life healthy eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja, 18011, Granada, Spain.
| | - Nynke van der Laan
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2 (Dante Building), 5037 AB Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Juan Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Marketing and Market Research, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja, 18011, Granada, Spain.
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22
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Information seeking behaviours and uncertainty around accessing primary care in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. BJGP Open 2021; 6:BJGPO.2021.0151. [PMID: 34853007 PMCID: PMC8958741 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had and will continue to have a disproportionate effect on the most vulnerable. Public health messaging has been vital to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, but messages intended to slow the transmission of the virus may also cause harm. Understanding the areas where public health messaging could be improved may help reduce this harm. Aim To explore and understand health communication issues faced by those most likely to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Design & setting A qualitative study using online surveys. The area of focus was Fife, a local authority in Scotland, UK. Method Two consecutive surveys were conducted. Survey 1 explored the observations of support workers and Facebook group moderators, and focused on key issues faced by service users, as well as examples of good practice (n = 19). Survey 2 was aimed at community members, and focused on issues regarding access to and communication around access to primary care (n = 34). Results Survey 1 found broad issues around communication and access to primary care services. Survey 2 emphasised key issues in accessing primary care, including: (a) the lengthy process of making appointments; (b) feeling like a burden for wanting to be seen; (c) a lack of confidence in remote triaging and consultations; and (d) not knowing what to expect before getting an appointment. Conclusion Clear issues regarding access to primary care were identified. The new understanding of these issues will inform a co-creation process designed to develop clear, actionable, and effective public health messages centred on improving access to primary care.
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23
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Adults’ Preferences for Intrinsically versus Extrinsically Framed Health Messages Tailored According to Stages of Change: Effects on the Intention to Engage in Physical Activity. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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24
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Do Framed Mental Health Messages on Social Media Influence University Students' Motivation for Physical Activity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168671. [PMID: 34444419 PMCID: PMC8392601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Message framing has been used as a strategy for promoting physical activity (PA) in university students, but the effectiveness of gain-framed (GF), or loss-framed (LF) messages is variable. This study aims to investigate the effects on motivation and PA behaviour of framed messaging on social media in university students. Gain- and loss-framed messages communicated the mental health outcomes of PA. A three-arm feasibility study (n = 148) collected pre-post intervention online questionnaire responses to assess motivation for PA, exercise, active travel, and PA levels, in response to the messaging intervention on Facebook. Both GF and LF messages effectively increased average motivation for PA in comparison to controls (GF by 0.3 (on a 7-point Likert scale), 9% [95% CI: 3–17%], p = 0.007, LF by 0.3, 10% [CI: 3–18%], p = 0.005). Average motivation for exercise increased in comparison to controls (GF by 0.6, 16% [95% CI: 6–26%], p = 0.001, LF by 0.5, 14.6% [95% CI: 5–26%], p < 0.001). Average motivation for active travel increased in comparison to controls (GF by 0.7, 18% [95% CI: 8–29%], p < 0.001, LF by 0.6, 19% [95% CI: 8–30%], p < 0.001). No meaningful differences between GF or LF messages were observed. Framed messages regarding mental health outcomes of PA delivered via social media could be effective for increasing PA motivation in university students. However, based on our results there is no gain- or loss-framed advantage.
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25
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Examining the Role Ones’ Stage of Change Plays in Understanding the Relationship Between Motivation and Physical Activity. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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O’Donnell R, Eadie D, Stead M, Dobson R, Semple S. 'I Was Smoking a Lot More during Lockdown Because I Can': A Qualitative Study of How UK Smokers Responded to the Covid-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115816. [PMID: 34071475 PMCID: PMC8198893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored how Covid-19 lockdown restrictions affected people’s daily smoking routines and behaviours, including adherence and modifications to pre-established smoking restrictions in the home. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with smokers and non-smokers from smoking households 19 to 27 weeks after the first full UK lockdown ended in May 2020. A non-probability purposive sample representing 25 adults aged 21 or over living in households with at least 1 smoker were recruited to the study. A quota sampling strategy was used, according to age, gender, smoking status, family status, household composition, householder access to outdoor space, and change to work-life status. Most participants found lockdown increased the amount of time spent at home, where stresses associated with confinement, curtailment of social routines, removal of barriers and distractions to smoking due to home working, and feelings of boredom all contributed to increased smoking. Fewer factors were identified as reducing smoking during lockdown. Prominent examples included disruption to habitual smoking patterns and distraction from smoking associated with spending more time doing outdoor activities. Pressures placed on physical space and lack of privacy due to the confinement at home were responsible for displacement of smoking within the home, leading to breaking of smoke-free rules and family tensions, and in some cases to greater awareness amongst parents that their children smoked. Changes in daily routines associated with lockdown affected and displaced smoking behaviour both positively and negatively. Health improvement interventions could seek to harness positive changes in smoking associated with any future lockdown approaches. New home-working norms highlight the need for employers to support staff to reduce their smoking and to remain smoke-free.
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27
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Sporrel K, De Boer RDD, Wang S, Nibbeling N, Simons M, Deutekom M, Ettema D, Castro PC, Dourado VZ, Kröse B. The Design and Development of a Personalized Leisure Time Physical Activity Application Based on Behavior Change Theories, End-User Perceptions, and Principles From Empirical Data Mining. Front Public Health 2021; 8:528472. [PMID: 33604321 PMCID: PMC7884923 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.528472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many adults do not reach the recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines, which can lead to serious health problems. A promising method to increase PA is the use of smartphone PA applications. However, despite the development and evaluation of multiple PA apps, it remains unclear how to develop and design engaging and effective PA apps. Furthermore, little is known on ways to harness the potential of artificial intelligence for developing personalized apps. In this paper, we describe the design and development of the Playful data-driven Active Urban Living (PAUL): a personalized PA application. Methods: The two-phased development process of the PAUL apps rests on principles from the behavior change model; the Integrate, Design, Assess, and Share (IDEAS) framework; and the behavioral intervention technology (BIT) model. During the first phase, we explored whether location-specific information on performing PA in the built environment is an enhancement to a PA app. During the second phase, the other modules of the app were developed. To this end, we first build the theoretical foundation for the PAUL intervention by performing a literature study. Next, a focus group study was performed to translate the theoretical foundations and the needs and wishes in a set of user requirements. Since the participants indicated the need for reminders at a for-them-relevant moment, we developed a self-learning module for the timing of the reminders. To initialize this module, a data-mining study was performed with historical running data to determine good situations for running. Results: The results of these studies informed the design of a personalized mobile health (mHealth) application for running, walking, and performing strength exercises. The app is implemented as a set of modules based on the persuasive strategies “monitoring of behavior,” “feedback,” “goal setting,” “reminders,” “rewards,” and “providing instruction.” An architecture was set up consisting of a smartphone app for the user, a back-end server for storage and adaptivity, and a research portal to provide access to the research team. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary research encompassing psychology, human movement sciences, computer science, and artificial intelligence has led to a theoretically and empirically driven leisure time PA application. In the current phase, the feasibility of the PAUL app is being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Sporrel
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rémi D D De Boer
- Department of Software Engineering, Digital Life Centre, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shihan Wang
- Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Digital Life Centre, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicky Nibbeling
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique Simons
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marije Deutekom
- Department of Health, Sport and Welfare, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Dick Ettema
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula C Castro
- Department of Gerontology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ben Kröse
- Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Digital Life Centre, University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Martela F, Hankonen N, Ryan RM, Vansteenkiste M. Motivating voluntary compliance to behavioural restrictions: Self-determination theory–based checklist of principles for COVID-19 and other emergency communications. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1857082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Helsinki, 00076, Finland
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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29
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Sporrel K, Nibbeling N, Wang S, Ettema D, Simons M. Unraveling Mobile Health Exercise Interventions for Adults: Scoping Review on the Implementations and Designs of Persuasive Strategies. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e16282. [PMID: 33459598 PMCID: PMC7850911 DOI: 10.2196/16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear why some physical activity (PA) mobile health (mHealth) interventions successfully promote PA whereas others do not. One possible explanation is the variety in PA mHealth interventions—not only do interventions differ in the selection of persuasive strategies but also the design and implementation of persuasive strategies can vary. However, limited studies have examined the different designs and technical implementations of strategies or explored if they indeed influenced the effectiveness of the intervention. Objective This scoping review sets out to explore the different technical implementations and design characteristics of common and likely most effective persuasive strategies, namely, goal setting, monitoring, reminders, rewards, sharing, and social comparison. Furthermore, this review aims to explore whether previous mHealth studies examined the influence of the different design characteristics and technical operationalizations of common persuasive strategies on the effectiveness of the intervention to persuade the user to engage in PA. Methods An unsystematic snowball and gray literature search was performed to identify the literature that evaluated the persuasive strategies in experimental trials (eg, randomized controlled trial, pre-post test). Studies were included if they targeted adults, if they were (partly) delivered by a mobile system, if they reported PA outcomes, if they used an experimental trial, and when they specifically compared the effect of different designs or implementations of persuasive strategies. The study methods, implementations, and designs of persuasive strategies, and the study results were systematically extracted from the literature by the reviewers. Results A total of 29 experimental trials were identified. We found a heterogeneity in how the strategies are being implemented and designed. Moreover, the findings indicated that the implementation and design of the strategy has an influence on the effectiveness of the PA intervention. For instance, the effectiveness of rewarding was shown to vary between types of rewards; rewarding goal achievement seems to be more effective than rewarding each step taken. Furthermore, studies comparing different ways of goal setting suggested that assigning a goal to users might appear to be more effective than letting the user set their own goal, similar to using adaptively tailored goals as opposed to static generic goals. This study further demonstrates that only a few studies have examined the influence of different technical implementations on PA behavior. Conclusions The different implementations and designs of persuasive strategies in mHealth interventions should be critically considered when developing such interventions and before drawing conclusions on the effectiveness of the strategy as a whole. Future efforts are needed to examine which implementations and designs are most effective to improve the translation of theory-based persuasive strategies into practical delivery forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Sporrel
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicky Nibbeling
- Department of Applied Psychology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shihan Wang
- Institute of Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dick Ettema
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique Simons
- Social Sciences, Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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30
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Bates BR, Moncayo AL, Costales JA, Herrera-Cespedes CA, Grijalva MJ. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Ecuadorians During the Outbreak: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. J Community Health 2020. [PMID: 32915380 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2020.1842843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent for COVID-19) requires implementing contact and respiratory precautions. Modifying human behavior is challenging and requires understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding health threats. This study explored KAPs among people in Ecuador. A cross-sectional, internet-based questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about COVID-19, attitudes toward ability to control COVID-19, self-reported practices related to COVID-19, and demographics. A total of 2399 individuals participated. Participants had moderate to high levels of knowledge. Participants expressed mixed attitudes about the eventual control of COVID-19 in Ecuador. Participants reported high levels of adoption of preventive practices. Binomial regression analysis suggests unemployed individuals, househusbands/housewives, or manual laborers, as well as those with an elementary school education, have lower levels of knowledge. Women, people over 50 years of age, and those with higher levels of schooling were the most optimistic. Men, individuals 18-29, single, and unemployed people took the riskiest behaviors. Generally, knowledge was not associated with optimism or with practices. Our findings indicate knowledge about COVID-19 is insufficient to prompt behavioral change among Ecuadorians. Since current COVID-19 control campaigns seek to educate the public, these efforts' impacts are likely to be limited. Given attitudes determine people's actions, further investigation into the factors underlying the lack of confidence in the ability of the world, and of Ecuador, to overcome COVID-19, is warranted. Edu-communicational campaigns should be accompanied by efforts to provide economically disadvantaged populations resources to facilitate adherence to recommendations to prevent the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Bates
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Ana L Moncayo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaime A Costales
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina A Herrera-Cespedes
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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31
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Mailey EL, Gasper R, Dlugonski D, Besenyi GM. Promoting Strength Training Among Baby Boomers: Message Framing Effects on Motivation and Behavior. Int J Behav Med 2020; 28:499-510. [PMID: 33200382 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular participation in strength training significantly enhances older adults' physical and functional health, yet only 14% of adults over age 50 report engaging in strength training at least twice per week. Exercise messages about why and how older adults should engage in strength training could influence their perceptions of and participation in the behavior. This study was designed to promote strength training among adults aged 50-70 and to determine whether the message frame accompanying a brief workout would have an impact on participants' motivation, self-efficacy, and/or physical activity behavior. METHODS Participants (N = 308) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions: Easy Intrinsic, Hard Intrinsic, Easy Extrinsic, or Hard Extrinsic. Immediately after completing baseline measures of motivation and physical activity, participants received the recommended strength training workout and corresponding motivational message. They completed follow-up measures of motivation and physical activity 2 weeks later. RESULTS Controlled regulation was higher at follow-up among participants exposed to an extrinsic message relative to an intrinsic message (F(3,208) = 3.08, p = .03). Strength training (Z = - 5.95, p < .001) and moderate physical activity (Z = - 3.23, p = .001) increased among participants not engaging in regular strength training at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest message framing may have a short-term impact on Baby Boomers' physical activity motivation, such that emphasizing extrinsic goals (i.e., weight loss and appearance) may contribute to controlled motivation. However, repeated measurements are needed to determine the longer-term maintenance and influence of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, KS, Manhattan, USA.
| | - Rebecca Gasper
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, KS, Manhattan, USA
| | - Deirdre Dlugonski
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA
| | - Gina M Besenyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, KS, Manhattan, USA
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32
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Bates BR, Moncayo AL, Costales JA, Herrera-Cespedes CA, Grijalva MJ. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Ecuadorians During the Outbreak: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. J Community Health 2020; 45:1158-1167. [PMID: 32915380 PMCID: PMC7483492 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent for COVID-19) requires implementing contact and respiratory precautions. Modifying human behavior is challenging and requires understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding health threats. This study explored KAPs among people in Ecuador. A cross-sectional, internet-based questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about COVID-19, attitudes toward ability to control COVID-19, self-reported practices related to COVID-19, and demographics. A total of 2399 individuals participated. Participants had moderate to high levels of knowledge. Participants expressed mixed attitudes about the eventual control of COVID-19 in Ecuador. Participants reported high levels of adoption of preventive practices. Binomial regression analysis suggests unemployed individuals, househusbands/housewives, or manual laborers, as well as those with an elementary school education, have lower levels of knowledge. Women, people over 50 years of age, and those with higher levels of schooling were the most optimistic. Men, individuals 18–29, single, and unemployed people took the riskiest behaviors. Generally, knowledge was not associated with optimism or with practices. Our findings indicate knowledge about COVID-19 is insufficient to prompt behavioral change among Ecuadorians. Since current COVID-19 control campaigns seek to educate the public, these efforts’ impacts are likely to be limited. Given attitudes determine people’s actions, further investigation into the factors underlying the lack of confidence in the ability of the world, and of Ecuador, to overcome COVID-19, is warranted. Edu-communicational campaigns should be accompanied by efforts to provide economically disadvantaged populations resources to facilitate adherence to recommendations to prevent the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Bates
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Ana L Moncayo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaime A Costales
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina A Herrera-Cespedes
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. .,Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Exploring How Media Influence Preventive Behavior and Excessive Preventive Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217990. [PMID: 33143145 PMCID: PMC7663107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the context of global fighting against the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic, how to promote the public implementation of preventive behavior is the top priority of pandemic prevention and control. This study aimed at probing how the media would affect the public’s preventive behavior and excessive preventive intention accordingly. Data were collected from 653 respondents in the Chinese mainland through online questionnaires and further analyzed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Taking risk perception, negative emotions, and subjective norms as mediators, this study explored the impact of mass media exposure and social networking services involvement on preventive behavior and excessive preventive intention. Based on differences in the severity of the pandemic, the samples were divided into the Wuhan group and other regions group for multi-group comparison. The results showed that mass media exposure had a significant positive impact on subjective norms; moreover, mass media exposure could significantly enhance preventive behavior through subjective norms, and social networking services involvement had a significant positive impact on negative emotions; meanwhile, social networking services involvement promoted excessive preventive intention through negative emotions.
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34
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Gonze BDB, Padovani RDC, Simoes MDS, Lauria V, Proença NL, Sperandio EF, Ostolin TLVDP, Gomes GADO, Castro PC, Romiti M, Gagliardi A, Arantes RL, Dourado VZ. Use of a Smartphone App to Increase Physical Activity Levels in Insufficiently Active Adults: Feasibility Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART). JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e14322. [PMID: 33094733 PMCID: PMC7647811 DOI: 10.2196/14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design allows for changes in the intervention during the trial period. Despite its potential and feasibility for defining the best sequence of interventions, so far, it has not been utilized in a smartphone/gamified intervention for physical activity. Objective We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the SMART design for assessing the effects of a smartphone app intervention to improve physical activity in adults. We also aimed to describe the participants’ perception regarding the protocol and the use of the app for physical activity qualitatively. Methods We conducted a feasibility 24-week/two-stage SMART in which 18 insufficiently active participants (<10,000 steps/day) were first randomized to group 1 (smartphone app only), group 2 (smartphone app + tailored messages), and a control group (usual routine during the protocol). Participants were motivated to increase their step count by at least 2000 steps/day each week. Based on the 12-week intermediate outcome, responders continued the intervention and nonresponders were rerandomized to subsequent treatment, including a new group 3 (smartphone app + tailored messages + gamification) in which they were instructed to form groups to use several game elements available in the chosen app (Pacer). We considered responders as those with any positive slope in the linear relationship between weeks and steps per day at the end of the first stage of the intervention. We compared the accelerometer-based steps per day before and after the intervention, as well as the slopes of the app-based steps per day between the first and second stages of the intervention. Results Twelve participants, including five controls, finished the intervention. We identified two responders in group 1. We did not observe relevant changes in the steps per day either throughout the intervention or compared with the control group. However, the rerandomization of five nonresponders led to a change in the slope of the steps per day (median −198 steps/day [IQR −279 to −103] to 20 steps/day [IQR −204 to 145]; P=.08). Finally, in three participants from group 2, we observed an increase in the number of steps per day up to the sixth week, followed by an inflection to baseline values or even lower (ie, a quadratic relationship). The qualitative analysis showed that participants’ reports could be classified into the following: (1) difficulty in managing the app and technology or problems with the device, (2) suitable response to the app, and (3) difficulties to achieve the goals. Conclusions The SMART design was feasible and changed the behavior of steps per day after rerandomization. Rerandomization should be implemented earlier to take advantage of tailored messages. Additionally, difficulties with technology and realistic and individualized goals should be considered in interventions for physical activity using smartphones. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-8xtc9c; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8xtc9c/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara De Barros Gonze
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Do Socorro Simoes
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Lauria
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Neli Leite Proença
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Evandro Fornias Sperandio
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Costa Castro
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcello Romiti
- Angiocorpore Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.,Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Li KK, Lee CHY. Physical activity promotion: precise matching of message frames and affect types. Psychol Health 2020; 36:78-95. [PMID: 32400190 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1761973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matching between affect orientations and message frames have been shown to enhance the persuasiveness of health messages. Based on a two-dimensional regulatory model (direction: approach/avoidance, valence: appetitive/aversive), this study examined whether a precise matching between affect and message frame would enhance physical activity (PA) attitudes, intentions, and behaviours. DESIGN Using a 2 (gain/loss frames) x 2 (positive/negative end-states) design, 147 college students were randomly assigned to one message-frame condition (gain-positive, gain-negative, loss-positive, or loss-negative). Four identified affect types (approach-positive, approach-negative, avoidance-positive, and avoidance-negative) were considered as matched, respectively, with the four message-frame conditions. The participants were subsequently grouped into fully-matched, direction-matched only, valence-matched only, or unmatched. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The immediate PA attitude and intention after the experiment and the PA attitudes, intentions, and behaviours at a two-week follow-up were reported. RESULTS Post-manipulation and follow-up intentions were greater in the fully-matched as compared with the unmatched group. Follow-up physical activity was more in the valence-matched than the unmatched group. No other differences were found across the matching types. CONCLUSION Findings partially supported the importance of a precise matching between affect orientations and message frames. The affect types may characterize an individual's sensitivity towards the corresponding regulatory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Kit Li
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Candy H-Y Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Rollo S, Prapavessis H. A Combined Health Action Process Approach and mHealth Intervention to Increase Non‐Sedentary Behaviours in Office‐Working Adults—A Randomised Controlled Trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:660-686. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rollo
- The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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The TTCYB Study Protocol: A Tailored Print Message Intervention to Improve Cardiovascular Patients' Lifestyles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082919. [PMID: 32340219 PMCID: PMC7215990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of the "Time to Change Your Behavior" (TTCYB) study protocol, a theory-based, tailored print message intervention to improve compliance with the self-care regimen in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A design with a baseline measurement and two follow-ups at six and 12 months will be applied. At baseline and the six-month follow-up, patients will complete self-report questionnaires evaluating lifestyle habits and socio-demographic and psychological variables; at the 12-month follow-up, patients will answer a telephone interview assessing lifestyle habits. After the baseline measurement, patients will be randomized into one of three groups: (1) the tailored group, which will receive tailored health brochures; (2) the "non-tailored" group, which will receive non-tailored health brochures; or (3) the usual care group, which will receive no print information materials. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed through patients' judgments of the brochures and changes in lifestyle. The role of socio-demographic and psychological variables as potential moderators of the materials' effectiveness will be explored. If the TTCYB is efficacious, it will have implications for the design and implementation of tailored communication programs. Concepts from this study can be potentially extended to primary prevention among high-risk groups.
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Avraham R, Simon-Tuval T, Van Dijk D. The effect of regulatory focus and time preference on the dual process of physical activity: A cross-sectional study among nurses. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1404-1415. [PMID: 32153039 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the dual process of physical activity adoption among nurses and its relationships with two personal orientations-regulatory focus-the tendency to focus on promotion (vs. prevention) goals and time preference as measured by delay discounting: the tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long-term ones. BACKGROUND The dual process theory suggests that both conscious and non-conscious processes influence the adoption of physical activity. However, the role of regulatory focus and time preference in this process was not yet examined. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey among 143 nurses during August-November 2017. METHODS Validated measures were used to estimate physical activity habit strength (a non-conscious process) and intention, planning and behaviour control (conscious processes), physical activity level, regulatory focus and time preference. Multivariable ordered logit and logistic models were specified to examine determinants of both processes. RESULTS Promotion focus was positively associated with having a strong habit of physical activity among nurses with moderate-to-low activity levels, but it was negatively associated with habit for active nurses. As for time preference, higher delay discounting was negatively associated with nurses' conscious intention to adopt physical activity and with their action planning. CONCLUSION Promotion focus and time preference are associated with both conscious and non-conscious processes of physical activity adoption among nurses and should be considered in future health promotion interventions targeted to this population. IMPACT Promotion focus and time preference have a significant role in this dual process. Enhancing physical activity of health providers by adjusting the intervention to personal orientations may improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Avraham
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences & Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tzahit Simon-Tuval
- Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences & Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dina Van Dijk
- Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences & Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Rollo S, Prapavessis H. Sedentary Behaviour and Diabetes Information as a Source of Motivation to Reduce Daily Sitting Time in Office Workers: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:449-470. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rollo
- The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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40
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Baranowski T, Thompson D. Descriptive Normative Nutrition Messages to Maximize Effect in a Videogame: Narrative Review. Games Health J 2020; 9:237-254. [PMID: 31905035 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messages containing descriptive norms have been manipulated and tested for effects on dietary intake in a number of studies. The effects have been mostly small or nonexistent. This narrative review analyzed the structural elements of the nutrition messages most likely related to effectiveness. Elements examined included the following: source, similarity of source to the participant, reference group, identification with or evaluative significance of the reference group, delivery, salience, background, tailoring, gain-loss framing, and whether an assessment of the group norm was conducted before designing the descriptive norm message. Most studies incorporated few of the reviewed structural elements, and message manipulations appeared weak. Controlled, systematic studies are needed to examine the effect of the structural elements, singly and in combination, on behavior and its mediators. Videogames are designed to be delivered in the same way to players; therefore, they offer a controlled environment for extensively and systematically manipulating structural elements of messages and examining the resulting behavioral effects. How this might be accomplished was described. Experimental research was identified as being necessary to delineate the individual and combined element effects, thereby contributing to the body of literature on videogame design and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baranowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debbe Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas
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Guertin C, Pelletier L, Pope P. The validation of the Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behavior Scale (HUEBS): Examining the interplay between stages of change and motivation and their association with healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors and physical health. Appetite 2020; 144:104487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Avila-Garcia P, Hernandez-Ramos R, Nouri SS, Cemballi A, Sarkar U, Lyles CR, Aguilera A. Engaging users in the design of an mHealth, text message-based intervention to increase physical activity at a safety-net health care system. JAMIA Open 2019; 2:489-497. [PMID: 32025646 PMCID: PMC6994014 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Text-messaging interventions are a promising approach to increasing physical activity in vulnerable populations. To better inform the development of a text-messaging intervention, we sought to identify barriers and facilitators to using text messaging and engaging in physical activity among patients with diabetes and comorbid depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted interviews with primary care patients at a safety-net health care system (N = 26). Data were collected at 3 stages, including a focus group (stage 1), and individual interviews (stage 2 and 3). Patients in stage 1 and 2 previously participated in a text-messaging intervention as part of depression treatment. Discussions focused on participant experience of previously using a text-messaging intervention, influences and perceptions of physical activity, and mobile phone use. We analyzed all transcripts for emerging themes. RESULTS Participants were 56.2 years (±9.7); 69.2% were female, 65.4% identified as Hispanic/Latino(a), and 46.2% reported having less than a high school education. All had depression and 61.5% had diabetes. Specific barriers that emerged included low literacy and only basic use of mobile phones in everyday life, in combination with a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions and limited mobility. These were each addressed with a specific content or intervention delivery change in the overall intervention design. CONCLUSIONS Conducting a focus group and individual interviews with end users of an mHealth intervention under development has implications for tailoring and modifying components of the content and format to ensure that the final intervention will engage end users most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Avila-Garcia
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rosa Hernandez-Ramos
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah S Nouri
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anupama Cemballi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Urmimala Sarkar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Courtney R Lyles
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adrian Aguilera
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wichmann F, Brand T, Gansefort D, Darmann-Finck I. Ready to participate? Using qualitative data to typify older adults' reasons for (non-) participation in a physical activity promotion intervention. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1327. [PMID: 31640659 PMCID: PMC6805576 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sufficient amount of regular moderate physical activity (PA), at least 2.5 h of moderate to vigorous PA per week as recommended by the WHO, is one of the most important lifestyle factors for maintaining good health in old age. However, less than one in four older adults (65 years or older) in Germany meets this recommendation for PA. Although previous research has found several factors related to participation in PA programmes, little is known about how these factors simultaneously affect participation decisions of older adults and how PA programmes can accommodate these dynamics. Taking an everyday life perspective, this study aimed to identify multidimensional types of PA behaviour among older adults. METHODS In this qualitative study, 25 episodic interviews were conducted with participants and non-participants (ratio 1:3) of a structured PA intervention for older adults (65 years or older). Direct and indirect recruitment methods (e.g. pick up, gatekeeper) were used in different municipalities in Northwest Germany. The interviews were analysed according to the Grounded Theory methodology and a typology of PA participation behaviour was derived from the responses of the interviewees. RESULTS Four types of PA participation behaviour were identified based on different activity goals and time management preferences: 'Health designer', 'Flexible function-oriented type', 'Comparison and competition type' and 'Fun and wellness-oriented type'. The results indicate that the structured PA intervention was better able to reach the health designer and the competitive type but was less successful in accommodating the function- or wellness-oriented type. CONCLUSIONS In order to improve older adults' participation in PA, preventive offers should take various activity goals and the desire for flexible time management in everyday life into account. The typology of PA participation behaviour contributes to a better understanding of the target group and can thus help to improve the development, communication and implementation of tailored PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Wichmann
- Department 4: Qualification and Curriculum Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research - IPP, University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Tilman Brand
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dirk Gansefort
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Landesvereinigung für Gesundheit und Akademie für Sozialmedizin Niedersachsen e.V, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingrid Darmann-Finck
- Department 4: Qualification and Curriculum Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research - IPP, University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Freeman-Hildreth Y, Aron D, Cola PA, Wang Y. Coping with diabetes: Provider attributes that influence type 2 diabetes adherence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214713. [PMID: 30939144 PMCID: PMC6445439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic disease affecting over 29 million people in the United States, requires the integration of complex medical tasks into a person's daily life. Patient-centered care and compassion are recognized as essential dimensions of the quality care experience. This research examined provider attributes that influence adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regimens and sought to understand the phenomena of provider attributes, treatment adherence, and their relationship to coping ability and treatment outcomes. This quantitative study sampled 474 people with T2DM using a 62-item online survey administered to three different groups. The sample population included people over age 18 diagnosed with T2DM. The first group included 91 persons with T2DM identified through a Facebook group and personal social media connections, the second group included 120 Amazon Mechanical Turk participants with T2DM, and the third group included 263 respondents from a Qualtrics panel who had T2DM. Results indicated that perceived provider compassion (β = .41, ρ < .001) and optimism (β = .48, ρ < .001) positively affected coping ability. Additionally, full mediation effects for self-management were revealed, with coping ability positively mediating the effect of compassion on self-management and the effects of optimism on self-management. Furthermore, full mediation effects were found for treatment satisfaction, with coping ability positively mediating the effect of compassion on treatment satisfaction and the effects of optimism on treatment satisfaction. This research has implications for patients, healthcare professionals, and leaders suggesting that providers who communicate with optimism and compassion positively affect coping ability. As a result, healthcare providers and professionals have an opportunity to enhance self-management adherence by helping their patients cope with the burdens of diabetes. In addition, this study has implications for developing provider communication tools aimed at assessing patients' coping capacity and increasing compassionate communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Aron
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Philip A. Cola
- Department of Design and Innovation, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Kidd LR, Bekessy SA, Garrard GE. Neither Hope nor Fear: Empirical Evidence Should Drive Biodiversity Conservation Strategies. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:278-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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