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Ta HM, Roy D, Zhang K, Alban T, Juric I, Dong J, Parthasarathy PB, Patnaik S, Delaney E, Gilmour C, Zakeri A, Shukla N, Rupani A, Phoon YP, Liu C, Avril S, Gastman B, Chan T, Wang LL. LRIG1 engages ligand VISTA and impairs tumor-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi7418. [PMID: 38758807 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising approach to activate antitumor immunity and improve the survival of patients with cancer. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint target; however, the downstream signaling mechanisms are elusive. Here, we identify leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) as a VISTA binding partner, which acts as an inhibitory receptor by engaging VISTA and suppressing T cell receptor signaling pathways. Mice with T cell-specific LRIG1 deletion developed superior antitumor responses because of expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with increased effector function and survival. Sustained tumor control was associated with a reduction of quiescent CTLs (TCF1+ CD62Lhi PD-1low) and a reciprocal increase in progenitor and memory-like CTLs (TCF1+ PD-1+). In patients with melanoma, elevated LRIG1 expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ CTLs correlated with resistance to immunotherapies. These results delineate the role of LRIG1 as an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor and propose a rationale for targeting the VISTA/LRIG1 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Minh Ta
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dia Roy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Alban
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Juric
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Prerana B Parthasarathy
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sachin Patnaik
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Delaney
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cassandra Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amin Zakeri
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Rupani
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yee Peng Phoon
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefanie Avril
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Gastman
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Chan
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Li Lily Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Nicholls J, Cao B, Le Texier L, Xiong LY, Hunter CR, Llanes G, Aguliar EG, Schroder WA, Phipps S, Lynch JP, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Williams B, Clouston AD, Nefzger CM, Polo JM, Nilsson SK, Blazar BR, MacDonald KPA. Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells Are a Unique Population, Supported by Niche-Specific Cytokines and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and Required for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737880. [PMID: 34631716 PMCID: PMC8493124 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) reconstitution is essential for reestablishing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis following stem-cell transplantation. We previously reported that bone marrow (BM) is highly enriched in autophagy-dependent Treg and autophagy disruption leads to a significant Treg loss, particularly BM-Treg. To correct the known Treg deficiency observed in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients, low dose IL-2 infusion has been administered, substantially increasing peripheral Treg (pTreg) numbers. However, as clinical responses were only seen in ∼50% of patients, we postulated that pTreg augmentation was more robust than for BM-Treg. We show that BM-Treg and pTreg have distinct characteristics, indicated by differential transcriptome expression for chemokine receptors, transcription factors, cell cycle control of replication and genes linked to Treg function. Further, BM-Treg were more quiescent, expressed lower FoxP3, were highly enriched for co-inhibitory markers and more profoundly depleted than splenic Treg in cGVHD mice. In vivo our data are consistent with the BM and not splenic microenvironment is, at least in part, driving this BM-Treg signature, as adoptively transferred splenic Treg that entered the BM niche acquired a BM-Treg phenotype. Analyses identified upregulated expression of IL-9R, IL-33R, and IL-7R in BM-Treg. Administration of the T cell produced cytokine IL-2 was required by splenic Treg expansion but had no impact on BM-Treg, whereas the converse was true for IL-9 administration. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the BM also may contribute to BM-Treg maintenance. Using pDC-specific BDCA2-DTR mice in which diptheria toxin administration results in global pDC depletion, we demonstrate that pDC depletion hampers BM, but not splenic, Treg homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that BM-Treg and splenic Treg are phenotypically and functionally distinct and influenced by niche-specific mediators that selectively support their respective Treg populations. The unique properties of BM-Treg should be considered for new therapies to reconstitute Treg and reestablish tolerance following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Nicholls
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laetitia Le Texier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Yan Xiong
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hunter
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis Llanes
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan G. Aguliar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wayne A. Schroder
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Lynch
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shen Y. Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christian M. Nefzger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K. Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Circulation of gut-preactivated naïve CD8 + T cells enhances antitumor immunity in B cell-defective mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23674-23683. [PMID: 32907933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010981117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has garnered attention as an effective target to boost immunity and improve cancer immunotherapy. We found that B cell-defective (BCD) mice, such as µ-membrane targeted deletion (µMT) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) knockouts (KOs), have elevated antitumor immunity under specific pathogen-free but not germ-free conditions. Microbial dysbiosis in these BCD mice enriched the type I IFN (IFN) signature in mucosal CD8+ T cells, resulting in up-regulation of the type I IFN-inducible protein stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). Among CD8+ T cells, naïve cells predominantly circulate from the gut to the periphery, and those that had migrated from the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) to the periphery had significantly higher expression of Sca-1. The gut-educated Sca-1+ naïve subset is endowed with enhanced mitochondrial activity and antitumor effector potential. The heterogeneity and functional versatility of the systemic naïve CD8+ T cell compartment was revealed by single-cell analysis and functional assays of CD8+ T cell subpopulations. These results indicate one of the potential mechanisms through which microbial dysbiosis regulates antitumor immunity.
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4
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Inhibition of E protein activity facilitates the quiescence exit of naïve CD4+ T cells through modulating PI3K-AKT signaling and TCR microcluster formation. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Dehghanzad R, Pahlevan Kakhki M, Alikhah A, Sahraian MA, Behmanesh M. The Putative Association of TOB1-AS1 Long Non-coding RNA with Immune Tolerance: A Study on Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:100-110. [PMID: 31482275 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis is the breakdown of peripheral tolerance in the immune system. However, its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Since long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has played important roles in regulation of immunological pathways, here, we evaluated the expression of a novel lncRNA, TOB1-AS1, and its putative associated coding genes in the mechanism of maintaining immune tolerance in peripheral blood of MS patients to assess their possible roles in MS pathogenesis. In this study, 39 MS patients and 32 healthy matched controls were recruited. Real-time PCR standard curve method was used to quantify transcript levels of TOB1-AS1, TOB1, SKP2, and TSG. In addition, the potential sex hormone receptor binding sites on target genes promoter were analyzed using JASPR software. This work demonstrates a negative correlation between TOB1-AS1 expression and EDSS of patients. Also, a robust dysregulation of co-expression of TOB1-AS1 lncRNA and the coding genes in MS patients compared to controls was observed. Such dysregulation in this pathway may be related to MS pathogenesis and response to interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Dehghanzad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pahlevan Kakhki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Alikhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Holbrook AK, Peterson HD, Bianchi SA, Macdonald BW, Bredahl EC, Belshan M, Siedlik JA. CD4 + T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14234. [PMID: 31552706 PMCID: PMC6759488 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies in exercise immunology suggested acute bouts of exercise had an immunosuppressive effect in human subjects. However, recent data, show acute bouts of combined aerobic and resistance training increase both lymphocyte activation and proliferation. We quantified resistance exercise-induced changes in the activation state of CD4+ T lymphocytes via surface protein expression and using a medically relevant model of infection (HIV-1). Using a randomized cross-over design, 10 untrained subjects completed a control and exercise session. The control session consisted of 30-min seated rest while the exercise session entailed 3 sets × 10 repetitions of back squat, leg press, and leg extensions at 70% 1-RM with 2-min rest between each set. Venous blood samples were obtained pre/post each session. CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood by negative selection. Expression of activation markers (CD69 & CD25) in both nonstimulated and stimulated (costimulation through CD3+ CD28) cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Resistance exercised-induced effects on intracellular activation was further evaluated via in vitro infection with HIV-1. Nonstimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes obtained postexercise exhibited elevated CD25 expression following 24 h in culture. Enhanced HIV-1 replication was observed in cells obtained postexercise. Our results demonstrate that an acute bout of resistance exercise increases the activation state of CD4+ T lymphocytes and results in a greater susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro. These findings offer further evidence that exercise induces activation of T lymphocytes and provides a foundation for the use of medically relevant pathogens as indirect measures of intracellular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunter D. Peterson
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre‐Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
| | - Samantha A. Bianchi
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre‐Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
| | - Brad W. Macdonald
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre‐Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
| | - Eric C. Bredahl
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre‐Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
| | - Jacob A. Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre‐Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraska
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7
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Puck A, Hopf S, Modak M, Majdic O, Cejka P, Blüml S, Schmetterer K, Arnold-Schrauf C, Gerwien JG, Frederiksen KS, Thell E, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Aigner R, Seyerl-Jiresch M, Zlabinger GJ, Stöckl J. The soluble cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct-CD45) in human plasma contributes to keep T cells in a quiescent state. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:193-205. [PMID: 27718235 PMCID: PMC5244668 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct‐CD45) is proteolytically cleaved and released upon activation of human phagocytes. It acts on T cells as an inhibitory, cytokine‐like factor in vitro. Here, we show that ct‐CD45 is abundant in human peripheral blood plasma from healthy adults compared with plasma derived from umbilical cord blood and plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasma depleted of ct‐CD45 enhanced T‐cell proliferation, while addition of exogenous ct‐CD45 protein inhibited proliferation and reduced cytokine production of human T lymphocytes in response to TCR signaling. Inhibition of T‐cell proliferation by ct‐CD45 was overcome by costimulation via CD28. T‐cell activation in the presence of ct‐CD45 was associated with an upregulation of the quiescence factors Schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12) and Krueppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) as well as of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27kip1. In contrast, positive regulators of the cell cycle such as cyclin D2 and D3 as well as CDK2 and CDK4 were found to be downregulated in response to ct‐CD45. In summary, we demonstrate that ct‐CD45 is present in human plasma and sets the threshold of T‐cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department for Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens G Gerwien
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Thell
- Department for Gynecology, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Aigner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Seyerl-Jiresch
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Abstract
Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination regulates pattern-recognition receptor signaling that mediates both innate immune responses and dendritic cell maturation required for initiation of adaptive immune responses. Ubiquitination also regulates the development, activation, and differentiation of T cells, thereby maintaining efficient adaptive immune responses to pathogens and immunological tolerance to self-tissues. Like phosphorylation, ubiquitination is a reversible reaction tightly controlled by the opposing actions of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Deregulated ubiquitination events are associated with immunological disorders, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Unit 902, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Puck A, Aigner R, Modak M, Cejka P, Blaas D, Stöckl J. Expression and regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family members in primary human monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 5:23-32. [PMID: 26623250 PMCID: PMC4625362 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen (SLFN/Slfn) family members have been investigated for their involvement in fundamental cellular processes including growth regulation, differentiation and control of viral replication. However, most research has been focused on the characterization of Slfns within the murine system or in human cell lines. Since little is known about SLFNs in primary human immune cells, we set out to analyze the expression and regulation of the six human SLFN genes in monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and T cells. Comparison of SLFN gene expression across these three cell types showed high mRNA expression of SLFN11 in monocytes and moDCs and high SLFN5 expression in T cells, indicating functional importance within these cell types. Differentiation of monocytes to moDCs leads to the gradual upregulation of SLFN12L and SLFN13 while SLFN12 levels were decreased by differentiation stimuli. Stimulation of moDCs via human rhinovirus, lipopolysaccharide, or IFN-α lead to strong upregulation of SLFN gene expression, while peptidoglycan poorly stimulated regulation of both SLFNs and the classical interferon-stimulated gene MxA. T cell activation was found to downregulate the expression of SLFN5, SLFN12 and SLFN12L, which was reversible upon addition of exogenous IFN-α. In conclusion, we demonstrate, that SLFN gene upregulation is mainly dependent on autocrine type I interferon signaling in primary human immune cells. Rapid decrease of SLFN expression levels following T cell receptor stimulation indicates a role of SLFNs in the regulation of human T cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Aigner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Tosolini M, Pont F, Verhoeyen E, Fournié JJ. Cyclic dinucleotides modulate human T-cell response through monocyte cell death. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3313-23. [PMID: 26460927 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides, a class of microbial messengers, have been recently identified in bacteria, but their activity in humans remains largely unknown. Here, we have studied the function of cyclic dinucleotides in humans. We found that c-di-AMP and cGAMP, two adenosine-based cyclic dinucleotides, activated T lymphocytes in an unusual manner through monocyte cell death. c-di-AMP and cGAMP induced the selective apoptosis of human monocytes, and T lymphocytes were activated by the direct contact with these dying monocytes. The ensuing T-cell response comprised cell-cycle exit, phenotypic maturation into effector memory cells and proliferation arrest, but not cell death. This quiescence was transient since T cells remained fully responsive to further restimulation. Together, our results depict a novel activation pattern for human T lymphocytes: a transient quiescence induced by c-di-AMP- or cGAMP-primed apoptotic monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tosolini
- INSERM UMR1037-Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
- Institut Carnot 'CALYM', Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Pont
- INSERM UMR1037-Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, EVIR team, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM UMR1037-Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse, France
- Institut Carnot 'CALYM', Toulouse, France
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11
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Abstract
Treatment with antiretroviral therapy dramatically increases the survival of HIV-infected individuals. However, treatment has to be continued for life because it does not lead to the full eradication of infection. HIV persists in resting CD4(+) T cells, and possibly other cell types, and can reemerge from these cells when therapy is interrupted. Here, we review molecular mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to HIV latency, as well as the relative roles of cis- and trans-acting mechanisms. We also discuss existing and future therapeutic opportunities regarding HIV latency that might lead to a future cure for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Dahabieh
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94941;
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12
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Polioudakis D, Abell NS, Iyer VR. MiR-191 Regulates Primary Human Fibroblast Proliferation and Directly Targets Multiple Oncogenes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126535. [PMID: 25992613 PMCID: PMC4439112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play a central role in numerous pathologies including multiple cancer types. miR-191 has predominantly been studied as an oncogene, but the role of miR-191 in the proliferation of primary cells is not well characterized, and the miR-191 targetome has not been experimentally profiled. Here we utilized RNA induced silencing complex immunoprecipitations as well as gene expression profiling to construct a genome wide miR-191 target profile. We show that miR-191 represses proliferation in primary human fibroblasts, identify multiple proto-oncogenes as novel miR-191 targets, including CDK9, NOTCH2, and RPS6KA3, and present evidence that miR-191 extensively mediates target expression through coding sequence (CDS) pairing. Our results provide a comprehensive genome wide miR-191 target profile, and demonstrate miR-191’s regulation of primary human fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Polioudakis
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathan S. Abell
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vishwanath R. Iyer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Polioudakis D, Abell NS, Iyer VR. miR-503 represses human cell proliferation and directly targets the oncogene DDHD2 by non-canonical target pairing. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:40. [PMID: 25653011 PMCID: PMC4326481 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathways regulating the transition of mammalian cells from quiescence to proliferation are mediated by multiple miRNAs. Despite significant improvements in our understanding of miRNA targeting, the majority of miRNA regulatory networks are still largely unknown and require experimental validation. Results Here we identified miR-503, miR-103, and miR-494 as negative regulators of proliferation in primary human cells. We experimentally determined their genome wide target profiles using RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) immunoprecipitations and gene expression profiling. Analysis of the genome wide target profiles revealed evidence of extensive regulation of gene expression through non-canonical target pairing by miR-503. We identified the proto-oncogene DDHD2 as a target of miR-503 that requires pairing outside of the canonical 5′ seed region of miR-503, representing a novel mode of miRNA-target pairing. Further bioinformatics analysis implicated miR-503 and DDHD2 in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Conclusions Our results provide an extensive genome wide set of targets for miR-503, miR-103, and miR-494, and suggest that miR-503 may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by its direct non-canonical targeting of DDHD2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1279-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Polioudakis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Nathan S Abell
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Vishwanath R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Suppression of Foxo1 activity and down-modulation of CD62L (L-selectin) in HIV-1 infected resting CD4 T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110719. [PMID: 25330112 PMCID: PMC4199762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks and disrupts many processes in the cells it infects in order to suppress antiviral immunity and to facilitate its replication. Resting CD4 T cells are important early targets of HIV-1 infection in which HIV-1 must overcome intrinsic barriers to viral replication. Although resting CD4 T cells are refractory to infection in vitro, local environmental factors within lymphoid and mucosal tissues such as cytokines facilitate viral replication while maintaining the resting state. These factors can be utilized in vitro to study HIV-1 replication in resting CD4 T cells. In vivo, the migration of resting naïve and central memory T cells into lymphoid tissues is dependent upon expression of CD62L (L-selectin), a receptor that is subsequently down-modulated following T cell activation. CD62L gene transcription is maintained in resting T cells by Foxo1 and KLF2, transcription factors that maintain T cell quiescence and which regulate additional cellular processes including survival, migration, and differentiation. Here we report that HIV-1 down-modulates CD62L in productively infected naïve and memory resting CD4 T cells while suppressing Foxo1 activity and the expression of KLF2 mRNA. Partial T cell activation was further evident as an increase in CD69 expression. Several other Foxo1- and KLF2-regulated mRNA were increased or decreased in productively infected CD4 T cells, including IL-7rα, Myc, CCR5, Fam65b, S1P1 (EDG1), CD52, Cyclin D2 and p21CIP1, indicating a profound reprogramming of these cells. The Foxo1 inhibitor AS1842856 accelerated de novo viral gene expression and the sequella of infection, supporting the notion that HIV-1 suppression of Foxo1 activity may be a strategy to promote replication in resting CD4 T cells. As Foxo1 is an investigative cancer therapy target, the development of Foxo1 interventions may assist the quest to specifically suppress or activate HIV-1 replication in vivo.
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15
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Stemness of T cells and the hematopoietic stem cells: fate, memory, niche, cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:485-501. [PMID: 24231048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are able to generate both cells that differentiate and cells that remain undifferentiated but potentially have the same developmental program. The prolonged duration of the protective immune memory for infectious diseases such as polio, small pox, and measles, suggested that memory T cells may have stem cell properties. Understanding the molecular basis for the life-long persistence of memory T cells may be useful to project targeted therapies for immune deficiencies and infectious diseases and to formulate vaccines. In the last decade evidence from different laboratories shows that memory T cells may share self-renewal pathways with bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. In stem cells the intrinsic self-renewal activity, which depends on gene expression, is known to be modulated by extrinsic signals from the environment that may be tissue specific. These extrinsic signals for stemness of memory T cells include cytokines such as IL-7 and IL-15 and there are other cytokine signals for maintaining the cytokine signature (TH1, TH2, etc.) of memory T cells. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that might be common to bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and memory T lymphocytes are discussed and related to self-renewal functions.
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16
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Zack JA, Kim SG, Vatakis DN. HIV restriction in quiescent CD4⁺ T cells. Retrovirology 2013; 10:37. [PMID: 23557201 PMCID: PMC3626626 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in quiescent CD4+ T cells has been an area of active investigation. Early studies have suggested that this T cell subset is refractory to infection by the virus. Subsequently it was demonstrated that quiescent cells could be infected at low levels; nevertheless these observations supported the earlier assertions of debilitating defects in the viral life cycle. This phenomenon raised hopes that identification of the block in quiescent cells could lead to the development of new therapies against HIV. As limiting levels of raw cellular factors such as nucleotides did not account for the block to infection, a number of groups pursued the identification of cellular proteins whose presence or absence may impact the permissiveness of quiescent T cells to HIV infection. A series of studies in the past few years have identified a number of host factors implicated in the block to infection. In this review, we will present the progress made, other avenues of investigation and the potential impact these studies have in the development of more effective therapies against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A Zack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Chan CN, Dietrich I, Hosie MJ, Willett BJ. Recent developments in human immunodeficiency virus-1 latency research. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:917-932. [PMID: 23364195 PMCID: PMC3709588 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 30 years after its initial discovery, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) remains incurable and the virus persists due to reservoirs of latently infected CD4(+) memory T-cells and sanctuary sites within the infected individual where drug penetration is poor. Reactivating latent viruses has been a key strategy to completely eliminate the virus from the host, but many difficulties and unanswered questions remain. In this review, the latest developments in HIV-persistence and latency research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ngai Chan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Isabelle Dietrich
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Margaret J Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Brian J Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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18
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Gunnlaugsdottir B, Maggadottir SM, Skaftadottir I, Ludviksson BR. TheEx VivoInduction of Human CD103+CD25hiFoxp3+CD4+and CD8+Tregs is IL-2 and TGF-β1 Dependent. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:125-34. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. Skaftadottir
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik; Iceland
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Polioudakis D, Bhinge AA, Killion PJ, Lee BK, Abell NS, Iyer VR. A Myc-microRNA network promotes exit from quiescence by suppressing the interferon response and cell-cycle arrest genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2239-54. [PMID: 23303785 PMCID: PMC3575845 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of mammalian cells from quiescence to proliferation is accompanied by the differential expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors. However, the interplay between transcription factors and miRNAs in modulating gene regulatory networks involved in human cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here we show that the miRNA miR-22 promotes proliferation in primary human cells, and through a combination of Argonaute-2 immunoprecipitation and reporter assays, we identified multiple novel targets of miR-22, including several cell-cycle arrest genes that mediate the effects of the tumor-suppressor p53. In addition, we found that miR-22 suppresses interferon gene expression by directly targeting high mobility group box-1 and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5, preventing activation of IRF3 and NF-κB, which are activators of interferon genes. The expression of interferon genes is elevated in quiescent cells and their expression is inhibitory for cell proliferation. In addition, we find that miR-22 is activated by the transcription factor Myc when quiescent cells enter proliferation and that miR-22 inhibits the Myc transcriptional repressor MXD4, mediating a feed-forward loop to elevate Myc expression levels. Our results implicate miR-22 in downregulating the anti-proliferative p53 and interferon pathways and reveal a new transcription factor–miRNA network that regulates the transition of primary human cells from quiescence to proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Polioudakis
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, Texas 78712-0159, USA
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20
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Wong WF, Kohu K, Nakamura A, Ebina M, Kikuchi T, Tazawa R, Tanaka K, Kon S, Funaki T, Sugahara-Tobinai A, Looi CY, Endo S, Funayama R, Kurokawa M, Habu S, Ishii N, Fukumoto M, Nakata K, Takai T, Satake M. Runx1 deficiency in CD4+ T cells causes fatal autoimmune inflammatory lung disease due to spontaneous hyperactivation of cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5408-20. [PMID: 22551552 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Runx1 transcription factor is abundantly expressed in naive T cells but rapidly downregulated in activated T cells, suggesting that it plays an important role in a naive stage. In the current study, Runx1(-/-)Bcl2(tg) mice harboring Runx1-deleted CD4(+) T cells developed a fatal autoimmune lung disease. CD4(+) T cells from these mice were spontaneously activated, preferentially homed to the lung, and expressed various cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-21. Among these, the deregulation of IL-21 transcription was likely to be associated with Runx binding sites located in an IL-21 intron. IL-17 produced in Runx1-deleted cells mobilized innate immune responses, such as those promoted by neutrophils and monocytes, whereas IL-21 triggered humoral responses, such as plasma cells. Thus, at an initial stage, peribronchovascular regions in the lung were infiltrated by CD4(+) lymphocytes, whereas at a terminal stage, interstitial regions were massively occupied by immune cells, and alveolar spaces were filled with granular exudates that resembled pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in humans. Mice suffered from respiratory failure, as well as systemic inflammatory responses. Our data indicate that Runx1 plays an essential role in repressing the transcription of cytokine genes in naive CD4(+) T cells and, thereby, maintains cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Fen Wong
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Choi O, Heathcote DA, Ho KK, Müller PJ, Ghani H, Lam EWF, Ashton-Rickardt PG, Rutschmann S. A deficiency in nucleoside salvage impairs murine lymphocyte development, homeostasis, and survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3920-7. [PMID: 22407915 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the immune system is tightly controlled by both cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic mechanisms. These regulators, not all known to date, drive cells in and out of quiescence when and where required to allow the immune system to function. In this article, we describe a deficiency in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), one of the major enzymes of the nucleoside salvage pathway, which affects peripheral T cell homeostatic proliferation and survival. As a result of an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation in the last α helix of DCK, a functionally null protein has been generated in the mouse and affects the composition of the hematopoietic system. Both B and T lymphocyte development is impaired, leading to a state of chronic lymphopenia and to a significant increase in the number of myeloid cells and erythrocytes. In the periphery, we found that mutant lymphocytes adopt a CD44(high)CD62L(low) memory phenotype, with high levels of proliferation and apoptosis. These phenotypes are notably the result of a cell-extrinsic-driven lymphopenia-induced proliferation as wild-type cells transferred into DCK-deficient recipients adopt the same profile. In addition, DCK also regulates lymphocyte quiescence in a cell-intrinsic manner. These data establish dCK as a new regulator of hematopoietic integrity and lymphocyte quiescence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onjee Choi
- Section of Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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22
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Jin W, Chang M, Sun SC. Peli: a family of signal-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligases mediating TLR signaling and T-cell tolerance. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:113-22. [PMID: 22307041 PMCID: PMC4002811 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2011.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases play a crucial role in regulating immune receptor signaling and modulating immune homeostasis and activation. One emerging family of such E3s is the Pelle-interacting (Peli) proteins, characterized by the presence of a cryptic forkhead-associated domain involved in substrate binding and an atypical RING domain mediating formation of both lysine (K) 63- and K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. A well-recognized function of Peli family members is participation in the signal transduction mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor. Recent gene targeting studies have provided important insights into the in vivo functions of Peli1 in the regulation of TLR signaling and inflammation. These studies have also extended the biological functions of Peli1 to the regulation of T-cell tolerance. Consistent with its immunoregulatory functions, Peli1 responds to different immune stimuli for its gene expression and catalytic activation. In this review, we discuss the recent progress, as well as the historical perspectives in the regulation and biological functions of Peli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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The ubiquitin ligase Peli1 negatively regulates T cell activation and prevents autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:1002-9. [PMID: 21874024 PMCID: PMC3178748 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation is subject to tight regulation to avoid inappropriate responses to self antigens. Here we show that genetic deficiency in the ubiquitin ligase Peli1 caused hyperactivation of T cells and rendered T cells refractory to suppression by regulatory T cells and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). As a result, Peli1-deficient mice spontaneously developed autoimmunity characterized by multiorgan inflammation and autoantibody production. Peli1 deficiency resulted in the nuclear accumulation of c-Rel, a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors with pivotal roles in T cell activation. Peli1 negatively regulated c-Rel by mediating its Lys48 (K48) ubiquitination. Our results identify Peli1 as a critical factor in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance and demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism of c-Rel regulation.
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Abstract
The ability of HIV to infect quiescent CD4+ T cells has been a topic of intense debate. While early studies suggested that the virus could not infect this particular T cell subset, subsequent studies using more sensitive protocols demonstrated that these cells could inefficiently support HIV infection. Additional studies showed that the kinetics of infection in quiescent cells was delayed and multiple stages of the viral life cycle were marred by inefficiencies. Despite that, proviral DNA has been found in these cells presenting them as a potential viral reservoir. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between HIV and quiescent T cells may lead to further advances in the field of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios N Vatakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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25
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Transcription factor Foxp1 exerts essential cell-intrinsic regulation of the quiescence of naive T cells. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:544-50. [PMID: 21532575 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underlie T cell quiescence are poorly understood. Here we report that mature naive CD8(+) T cells lacking the transcription factor Foxp1 gained effector phenotype and function and proliferated directly in response to interleukin 7 (IL-7) in vitro. Foxp1 repressed expression of the IL-7 receptor α-chain (IL-7Rα) by antagonizing Foxo1 and negatively regulated signaling by the kinases MEK and Erk. Acute deletion of Foxp1 induced naive T cells to gain an effector phenotype and proliferate in lympho-replete mice. Foxp1-deficient naive CD8(+) T cells proliferated even in lymphopenic mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class I. Our results demonstrate that Foxp1 exerts essential cell-intrinsic regulation of naive T cell quiescence, providing direct evidence that lymphocyte quiescence is achieved through actively maintained mechanisms that include transcriptional regulation.
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26
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Sivina M, Yamada T, Park CS, Puppi M, Coskun S, Hirschi K, Lacorazza HD. The transcription factor E74-like factor controls quiescence of endothelial cells and their resistance to myeloablative treatments in bone marrow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1185-91. [PMID: 21350194 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The regeneration of the hematopoietic system in bone marrow after chemotherapy depends on a balance between the quiescence and proliferation of lineage-specific progenitor cells. Even though the vascular network in bone is damaged by cytoablation, the transcriptional control of quiescence in endothelial cells is not well known. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor E74-like factor (ELF4) in the proliferation of endothelial cells in bone marrow. METHODS AND RESULTS Loss-of-function models were used to study the role of ELF4 in human and murine endothelial cells. ELF4 promotes cell cycle entry by activating cyclin-dependent kinase-4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Elf4-null mice exhibited enhanced recovery of bone marrow CD45- CD31+ endothelial cells and sinusoidal blood vessels following administration of 5-fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS Loss of ELF4 leads to increased quiescence in bone marrow endothelial cells by the deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase-4 expression and to enhanced regeneration of sinusoidal blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Sivina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Ste 830, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Sahni J, Tamura R, Sweet IR, Scharenberg AM. TRPM7 regulates quiescent/proliferative metabolic transitions in lymphocytes. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3565-74. [PMID: 20724843 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.17.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique property of lymphocytes among all body tissues is their capacity for rapid proliferation in the context of responding to infectious challenges. Lymphocyte proliferation involves a transition from a quiescent metabolic state adjusted to maintain cellular energy homeostasis, to a proliferative metabolic state in which aerobic glycolysis is used to generate energy and biosynthetic precursors necessary for the accumulation of cell mass. Here we show that modulation of TRPM7 channel function in tumor B-lymphocytes directly induces quiescent/proliferative metabolic transitions. As TRPM7 is widely expressed outside of the immune system, our results suggest that TRPM7 may play an active role in regulating metabolic transitions associated with rapid cellular proliferation and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sahni
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Feng X, Ippolito GC, Tian L, Wiehagen K, Oh S, Sambandam A, Willen J, Bunte RM, Maika SD, Harriss JV, Caton AJ, Bhandoola A, Tucker PW, Hu H. Foxp1 is an essential transcriptional regulator for the generation of quiescent naive T cells during thymocyte development. Blood 2010; 115:510-8. [PMID: 19965654 PMCID: PMC2810984 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper thymocyte development is required to establish T-cell central tolerance and to generate naive T cells, both of which are essential for T-cell homeostasis and a functional immune system. Here we demonstrate that the loss of transcription factor Foxp1 results in the abnormal development of T cells. Instead of generating naive T cells, Foxp1-deficient single-positive thymocytes acquire an activated phenotype prematurely in the thymus and lead to the generation of peripheral CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells that exhibit an activated phenotype and increased apoptosis and readily produce cytokines upon T-cell receptor engagement. These results identify Foxp1 as an essential transcriptional regulator for thymocyte development and the generation of quiescent naive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Feng
- Immunology Program and Wistar Vaccine Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition resulting from T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the islets of Langerhans. Its primary cause remains unknown, but it has been established that the clinical presentation is preceded by a long prodrome. This enables individuals at high risk of disease to be identified and offers the possibility of intervention to prevent clinical disease. Many groups are working in this field, concentrating on manipulation of environmental exposures that are potential triggers of autoimmunity and on immunomodulation strategies that aim to prevent destruction of beta-cells. Some interventions have shown promising results in early trials, but effective disease prevention remains elusive. This article reviews current progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Thrower
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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31
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Chechlinska M, Siwicki JK, Gos M, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Jarzab M, Pfeifer A, Jarzab B, Steffen J. Molecular signature of cell cycle exit induced in human T lymphoblasts by IL-2 withdrawal. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:261. [PMID: 19505301 PMCID: PMC2706892 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of cell cycle exit are poorly understood. Studies on lymphocytes at cell cycle exit after growth factor deprivation have predominantly focused on the initiation of apoptosis. We aimed to study gene expression profile of primary and immortalised IL-2-dependent human T cells forced to exit the cell cycle by growth factor withdrawal, before apoptosis could be evidenced. Results By the Affymetrix microarrays HG-U133 2.0 Plus, 53 genes were distinguished as differentially expressed before and soon after IL-2 deprivation. Among those, PIM1, BCL2, IL-8, HBEGF, DUSP6, OSM, CISH, SOCS2, SOCS3, LIF and IL13 were down-regulated and RPS24, SQSTM1, TMEM1, LRRC8D, ECOP, YY1AP1, C1orf63, ASAH1, SLC25A46 and MIA3 were up-regulated. Genes linked to transcription, cell cycle, cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, cell adhesion, and immune functions were found to be overrepresented within the set of the differentially expressed genes. Conclusion Cell cycle exit of the growth factor-deprived T lymphocytes is characterised by a signature of differentially expressed genes. A coordinate repression of a set of genes known to be induced during T cell activation is observed. However, growth arrest following exit from the cell cycle is actively controlled by several up-regulated genes that enforce the non-dividing state. The identification of genes involved in cell cycle exit and quiescence provides new hints for further studies on the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-dividing state of a cell, the mechanisms closely related to cancer development and to many biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chechlinska
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Yamada T, Park CS, Mamonkin M, Lacorazza HD. Transcription factor ELF4 controls the proliferation and homing of CD8+ T cells via the Krüppel-like factors KLF4 and KLF2. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:618-26. [PMID: 19412182 PMCID: PMC2774797 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors that regulate the quiescence, proliferation and homing of lymphocytes are critical for effective immune system function. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor ELF4 directly activated the tumor suppressor KLF4 'downstream' of T cell antigen receptor signaling to induce cell cycle arrest in naive CD8(+) T cells. Elf4- and Klf4-deficient mice accumulated CD8(+)CD44(hi) T cells during steady-state conditions and generated more memory T cells after immunization. The homeostatic population expansion of CD8(+)CD44(hi) T cells in Elf4-null mice resulted in a redistribution of cells to nonlymphoid tissue because of lower expression of the transcription factor KLF2 and the surface proteins CCR7 and CD62L. Our work describes the combinatorial effect of lymphocyte-intrinsic factors on the homeostasis, activation and homing of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abrogation of T cell quiescence characterizes patients at high risk for multiple sclerosis after the initial neurological event. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11839-44. [PMID: 18689680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805065105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) refers to the earliest clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently there are no prognostic biological markers that accurately predict conversion of CIS to clinically definite MS (CDMS). Furthermore, the earliest molecular events in MS are still unknown. We used microarrays to study gene expression in naïve CD4(+) T cells from 37 CIS patients at time of diagnosis and after 1 year. Supervised machine-learning methods were used to build predictive models of disease conversion. We identified 975 genes whose expression segregated CIS patients into four distinct subgroups. A subset of 108 genes further discriminated patients in one of these (group 1) from other CIS patients. Remarkably, 92% of patients in group 1 converted to CDMS within 9 months. Consistent down-regulation of TOB1, a critical regulator of cell proliferation, was characteristic of group 1 patients. Decreased TOB1 expression at the RNA and protein levels also was confirmed in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Finally, a genetic association was observed between TOB1 variation and MS progression in an independent cohort. These results indicate that CIS patients at high risk of conversion have impaired regulation of T cell quiescence, possibly resulting in earlier activation of pathogenic CD4(+) cells.
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Sarkar C, Das S, Chakroborty D, Chowdhury UR, Basu B, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Cutting Edge: Stimulation of dopamine D4 receptors induce T cell quiescence by up-regulating Kruppel-like factor-2 expression through inhibition of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:7525-9. [PMID: 17114421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is an important regulator of human T cell functions. Although it has been observed that DA, by acting through the D1/D5, D2, and D3 receptors, can activate resting T cells by stimulating the release of cytokines and the expression of surface integrins and also inhibit the proliferation of activated T cells by down-regulating nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, there is not yet a report indicating the functional significance of the D4 DA receptors present in these cells. The present work, for the first time, demonstrates that the stimulation of D4 DA receptors in human T cells induces T cell quiescence by up-regulating lung Krüppel-like factor-2 expression through the inhibition of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation. These results reveal a new link between the nervous system and T cell quiescence and indicate that D4 DA receptor agonists may have a therapeutic value in diseases with uncontrolled T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines Laboratory, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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Kupfer R, Lang J, Williams-Skipp C, Nelson M, Bellgrau D, Scheinman RI. Loss of a gimap/ian gene leads to activation of NF-kappaB through a MAPK-dependent pathway. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:479-87. [PMID: 16584774 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The diabetes-prone biobreeding (BB-DP) rat contains the lyp mutation which results in lymphopenia and promotes the progression of a T cell-mediated autoimmune attack of the pancreas in certain rat strains. This mutation has been mapped to a gene which bears homology to human Gimap5/Ian5 and results in the truncation and loss of activity of this protein. The lymphopenic state induced by the loss of this protein has led to the proposal that Gimap5 has an anti-apoptotic function. Previously we described an additional phenotype of incomplete activation mediated by the loss of Gimap5 function. Here we further characterize this incomplete activation phenotype and map a potential signal transduction pathway leading to activation. We show that CD5 expression on peripheral T cells is elevated in Gimap5 animals, while thymocyte expression remains similar between the two strains. Additionally, we show that NF-kappaB but not NFAT is activated in unstimulated Gimap5 mutant T cells as compared to unstimulated wild type T cells. Mapping this activation to its upstream source we show that activation of NF-kappaB is correlated with an activation of IKK. Using a variety of kinase inhibitors we further map this increase in IKK to an increase in MEK activation. Finally, to counter the possibility that activation is an indirect consequence of the lymphopenic environment, we created bone marrow chimeras in which Gimap5 mutant T cells developed in a normal environment and show that these cells retain their activated phenotype. Together, we interpret these data as demonstrating that the activation caused by loss of Gimap5 is a cell intrinsic phenomenon caused, in part, by a MEK-dependent activation of IKK. This, in turn, would suggest that Gimap5 functions to promote both T cell survival and quiescence and that these pathways are biochemically linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Kupfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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