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Forester E, Belsare A, Kim DW, Whitaker K, Obeid E, Goldstein LJ, Bleicher RJ, Daly MB, Williams AD. What Proportion of BRCA-Associated Breast Cancer Is Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2-Low and Eligible for Additional Targeted Therapy? J Surg Res 2024; 299:217-223. [PMID: 38776577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DESTINY B04 provided clinical meaning to a new classification of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression in breast cancer: HER2-low. Patients with germline breast cancer type 1 gene pathogenic variants (gBRCA1) often develop triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the proportion who could be classified as HER2-low and qualify for an additional targeted therapy option is unknown. This study aims to characterize the proportion of gBRCA1 or germline breast cancer type 2 gene pathogenic variants patients for whom these novel targeted therapies may be an option. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with gBRCA1/2 treated at our institution for invasive breast cancer from 2000 to 2021. Synchronous or metachronous contralateral breast cancers were recorded separately. HER2 status was determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We excluded patients without complete HER2 data. RESULTS Among the 95 breast cancers identified in our cohort of 85 gBRCA1/2 patients, 41 (43%) were TNBC, 38 (40%) were hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2-negative, and 16 (17%) were HER2-positive based on standard conventions. We found that 82% of the HR+/HER2-cancers and 66% of TNBCs would be reclassified as HER2-low. After stratifying by BRCA gene status, 64% of cancers in patients with gBRCA1 and 58% of cancers in patients with germline breast cancer type 2 gene pathogenic variants were HER2-low. CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of gBRCA1/2 patients who were previously diagnosed with TNBC or HR+/HER2- breast cancer would now be classified as HER2-low and could be considered for the use of trastuzumab deruxtecan in the metastatic setting. Outcome differences from therapy changes in this cohort should now be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Forester
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - Aakash Belsare
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Whitaker
- Department of Medical Oncology, MedStar Health, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Elias Obeid
- Hackensack Meridian Health Network, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Lori J Goldstein
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard J Bleicher
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin D Williams
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Wang J, Li B, Luo M, Huang J, Zhang K, Zheng S, Zhang S, Zhou J. Progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: molecular features and clinical significance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:83. [PMID: 38570490 PMCID: PMC10991592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents pre-invasive breast carcinoma. In untreated cases, 25-60% DCIS progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The challenge lies in distinguishing between non-progressive and progressive DCIS, often resulting in over- or under-treatment in many cases. With increasing screen-detected DCIS in these years, the nature of DCIS has aroused worldwide attention. A deeper understanding of the biological nature of DCIS and the molecular journey of the DCIS-IDC transition is crucial for more effective clinical management. Here, we reviewed the key signaling pathways in breast cancer that may contribute to DCIS initiation and progression. We also explored the molecular features of DCIS and IDC, shedding light on the progression of DCIS through both inherent changes within tumor cells and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, valuable research tools utilized in studying DCIS including preclinical models and newer advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and artificial intelligence, have been systematically summarized. Further, we thoroughly discussed the clinical advancements in DCIS and IDC, including prognostic biomarkers and clinical managements, with the aim of facilitating more personalized treatment strategies in the future. Research on DCIS has already yielded significant insights into breast carcinogenesis and will continue to pave the way for practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baizhou Li
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Meng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Díaz Del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Molecular Classifications in Gastric Cancer: A Call for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2649. [PMID: 38473896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Despite notable technological advancements in cancer research over the past decades, their impact on GC management and outcomes has been limited. Numerous molecular alterations have been identified in GC, leading to various molecular classifications, such as those developed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). Other authors have proposed alternative perspectives, including immune, proteomic, or epigenetic-based classifications. However, molecular stratification has not yet transitioned into clinical practice for GC, and little attention has been paid to alternative molecular classifications. In this review, we explore diverse molecular classifications in GC from a practical point of view, emphasizing their relationships with clinicopathological factors, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches. We have focused on classifications beyond those of TCGA and the ACRG, which have been less extensively reviewed previously. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that must be overcome to ensure their impact on patient treatment and prognosis. This review aims to serve as a practical framework to understand the molecular landscape of GC, facilitate the development of consensus molecular categories, and guide the design of innovative molecular studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz Del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ma Q, Chen L, Feng K, Guo W, Huang T, Cai YD. Exploring Prognostic Gene Factors in Breast Cancer via Machine Learning. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10712-w. [PMID: 38383836 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer in women. To date, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. The determination of gene factors is important to improve our understanding on breast cancer, which can correlate the specific gene expression and tumor staging. However, the knowledge in this regard is still far from complete. Thus, this study aimed to explore these knowledge gaps by analyzing existing gene expression profile data from 3149 breast cancer samples, where each sample was represented by the expression of 19,644 genes and classified into Nottingham histological grade (NHG) classes (Grade 1, 2, and 3). To this end, a machine learning-based framework was designed. First, the profile data were analyzed by using seven feature ranking algorithms to evaluate the importance of features (genes). Seven feature lists were generated, each of which sorted features in accordance with feature importance evaluated from a special aspect. Then, the incremental feature selection method was applied to each list to determine essential features for classification and building efficient classifiers. Consequently, overlapping genes, such as AURKA, CBX2, and MYBL2, were deemed as potentially related to breast cancer malignancy and prognosis, indicating that such genes were identified to be important by multiple feature ranking algorithms. In addition, the study formulated classification rules to reflect special gene expression patterns for three NHG classes. Some genes and rules were analyzed and supported by recent literature, providing new references for studying breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingLan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, 510507, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Shafer CC, Neumann EK. Optimized combination of MALDI MSI and immunofluorescence for neuroimaging of lipids within cellular microenvironments. Front Chem 2024; 12:1334209. [PMID: 38406559 PMCID: PMC10884125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1334209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper neurological function relies on the cellular and molecular microenvironment of the brain, with perturbations of this environment leading to neurological disorders. However, studying the microenvironments of neurological tissue has proven difficult because of its inherent complexity. Both the cell type and metabolomic underpinnings of the cell have crucial functional roles, thus making multimodal characterization methods key to acquiring a holistic view of the brain's microenvironment. This study investigates methods for combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy to enable the concurrent investigation of cell types and lipid profiles on the same sample. In brief, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHCA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) were tested in addition to instrument-specific parameters for compatibility with IF. Alternatively, the effects of IF protocols on MALDI MSI were also tested, showing significant signal loss with all tested permutations. Ultimately, the use of CHCA for MALDI MSI resulted in the best IF images, while the use of DAN gave the lowest quality IF images. Overall, increasing the laser power and number of shots per laser burst resulted in the most tissue ablation. However, optimized parameter settings allowed for minimal tissue ablation while maintaining sufficient MALDI MSI signal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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6
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Yu D, Huang C, Zhu L, Wei Y, Li M. In-depth analysis of prognostic markers associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and genetic mutations in breast cancer based on an NK cell-related risk model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23930. [PMID: 38226219 PMCID: PMC10788542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural killer (NK) cell population is unique because it consists of innate lymphocytes capable of detecting and eliminating tumors and virus-infected cells. This research aims to identify a new prognostic signal in breast cancer (BRCA) based on NK-cell-related genes (NKRGs). A variety of sequencing and gene mutation data, along with clinical information, were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Database (GEO). COX regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify prognostic genes. In addition, the immune-related analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the immune microenvironment and clusters and risk model. The Edu assay, colony assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the cell proliferative and invasive abilities. A 4-NKRG-based prognostic model was constructed. Patients in high-risk groups were associated with poorer OS in TCGA and GSE42568. Further, a nomogram was constructed for better prediction of the prognosis of patients with BRCA. Finally, it was discovered that the over-expression of IFNE could suppress the proliferative and invasive abilities of BRCA cells, which might be a promising biomarker for patients with BRCA. As a result, we developed a novel 4-NKRG signal and nomogram capable of predicting the prognosis of patients with BRCA. Additionally, this model was closely associated with the immune microenvironment, which opened new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Yu
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Nail and Breast Surgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, 223800, People's Republic of China
| | - Luochen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Li
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
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Piwocka O, Musielak M, Ampuła K, Piotrowski I, Adamczyk B, Fundowicz M, Suchorska WM, Malicki J. Navigating challenges: optimising methods for primary cell culture isolation. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38212739 PMCID: PMC10785493 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cell lines are invaluable for exploring cancer biology and investigating novel treatments. Despite their numerous advantages, primary cultures are laborious to obtain and maintain in culture. Hence, established cell lines are still more common. This study aimed to evaluate a range of techniques for isolating primary breast cancer cultures, employing distinct enzymatic compositions, incubation durations, and mechanical approaches, including filtration. Out of several protocols, we opted for a highly effective method (Method 5) that gave rise to a primary cell culture (BC160). This method combines mechanical disaggregation and enzymatic digestion with hyaluronidase and collagenase. Moreover, the paper addresses common issues in isolating primary cultures, shedding light on the struggle against fibroblasts overgrowing cancer cell populations. To make primary cell lines a preferred model, it is essential to elaborate and categorise isolation methods, develop approaches to separate heterogeneous cultures and investigate factors influencing the establishment of primary cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Piwocka
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland.
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland.
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland.
| | - Marika Musielak
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Karolina Ampuła
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Igor Piotrowski
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Beata Adamczyk
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61-866, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61- 866, Poland
| | - Julian Malicki
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
- Medical Physics Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, 61-866, Poland
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8
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Choi JE, Lee JS, Jin MS, Nikas IP, Kim K, Yang S, Park SY, Koh J, Yang S, Im SA, Ryu HS. The prognostic value of a combined immune score in tumor and immune cells assessed by immunohistochemistry in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:134. [PMID: 37924153 PMCID: PMC10625207 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a novel combined immune score (CIS)-based model assessing prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS The expression of eight immune markers (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO, TIM3, OX40, OX40L, and H7-H2) was assessed with immunohistochemistry on the tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) of 227 TNBC cases, respectively, and subsequently associated with selected clinicopathological parameters and survival. Data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were further examined to validate our findings. RESULTS All immune markers were often expressed in TCs and ICs, except for PD-1 which was not expressed in TCs. In ICs, the expression of all immune markers was positively correlated between one another, except between PD-L1 and OX40, also TIM3 and OX40. In ICs, PD-1, PD-L1, and OX40L positive expression was associated with a longer progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.040, p = 0.020, and p = 0.020, respectively). In TCs, OX40 positive expression was associated with a shorter PFS (p = 0.025). Subsequently, the TNBC patients were classified into high and low combined immune score groups (CIS-H and CIS-L), based on the expression levels of a selection of biomarkers in TCs (TCIS-H or TCIS-L) and ICs (ICIS-H or ICIS-L). The TCIS-H group was significantly associated with a longer PFS (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ICIS-H group was additionally associated with a longer PFS (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.001), at significant levels. In the multivariate analysis, both TCIS-H and ICIS-H groups were identified as independent predictors of favorable PFS (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). ICIS-H was also shown to be an independent predictor of favorable OS (p = 0.003). The analysis of the mRNA expression data from TCGA also validated our findings regarding TNBC. CONCLUSION Our novel TCIS and ICIS exhibited a significant prognostic value in TNBC. Additional research would be needed to strengthen our findings and identify the most efficient prognostic and predictive biomarkers for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Jin
- Department of Pathology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Yang
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Pharmonoid Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Posado-Domínguez L, Figuero Pérez L, Corvo-Felix L, Díaz Sánchez P, Redondo-González JC, Pablo-Martín E, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, Fonseca-Sánchez E. Late recurrence of lobular breast carcinoma presented as gastric metastasis. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2023. [PMID: 37882182 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2023.9987/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A 81-year-old woman with a history of mild chronic heart failure and invasive lobular breast carcinoma pT2N0M0 diagnosed in 2009 and treated by mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and adjuvant endocrine therapy with letrozole until 2016. Since then the patient has been disease-free. She presented to the Emergency Room in April 2023 due to severe postprandial epigastric pain and a 7 kg weight loss in the last 3 months. Abdominal computed tomography was performed showing thickening of the gastric antrum and proximal duodenum walls, peritoneal implants and ascites that suggested primary gastric tumor or lymphoma as the first possibility. An endoscopic ultrasound was schedule, performing a biopsy of the gastric lesion and placing a Hot-Axios® stent. The sample showed infiltration by lobular breast carcinoma CK7 (+), CK20 (-), CDX2 (-), GATA3 (+) GCDFP15 (+) RE (+) RP (-) HER2 (-). Treatment with capecitabine was started, with which it continues currently.
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Tanaka K, Yabuuchi Y, Yamashita D, Inokuma T. Breast cancer metastasis to the stomach mimicking early gastric cancer. JGH Open 2023; 7:667-668. [PMID: 37744702 PMCID: PMC10517435 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A 79-year-old woman with a history of invasive lobular breast cancer presented with a lesion that was endoscopically and histopathologically consistent with poorly differentiated early gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed, and histopathological examination using additional immunohistochemistry determined that the lesion was metastatic breast cancer. Even if a lesion suspicious of gastric cancer is found on endoscopy in a patient with a history of breast cancer, the possibility of metastasis should be considered and clinicians should inform the pathologists of the possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of GastroenterologyKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Yohei Yabuuchi
- Department of GastroenterologyKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of PathologyKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Tetsuro Inokuma
- Department of GastroenterologyKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
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11
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Barb AC, Fenesan MP, Pirtea M, Margan MM, Tomescu L, Ceban E, Cimpean AM, Melnic E. Reassessing Breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) Interactions with Other Stromal Components and Clinico-Pathologic Parameters by Using Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis (DIA). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3823. [PMID: 37568639 PMCID: PMC10417678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) stroma has CD34- and αSMA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) differently distributed. During malignant transformation, CD34-positive fibroblasts decrease while αSMA-positive CAFs increase. The prevalence of αSMA-positive CAFs in BC stroma makes microscopic examination difficult without digital image analysis processing (DIA). DIA was used to compare CD34- and αSMA-positive CAFs among breast cancer molecular subgroups. DIA-derived data were linked to age, survival, tumor stroma vessels, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), invasion, and recurrence. METHODS Double immunostaining for CD34 and αSMA showed different CAF distribution patterns in normal and BC tissues. Single CD34 immunohistochemistry on supplemental slides quantified tumor stroma CD34_CAFs. Digital image analysis (DIA) data on CAF density, intensity, stromal score, and H-score were correlated with clinico-pathologic factors. RESULTS CD34/αSMA CAF proportion was significantly related to age in Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), and HER2 subtypes. CD34_CAF influence on survival, invasion, and recurrence of LA, LB-HER2, and TNBC subtypes was found to be significant. The CD34/αSMA-expressing CAFs exhibited a heterogeneous impact on stromal vasculature and TLS. CONCLUSION BC stromal CD34_CAFs/αSMA_CAFs have an impact on survival, invasion, and recurrence differently between BC molecular subtypes. The tumor stroma DIA assessment may have predictive potential to prognosis and long-term follow-up of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cristina Barb
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.C.B.); (M.P.F.); (M.P.)
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Clinical Oncology, OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pasca Fenesan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.C.B.); (M.P.F.); (M.P.)
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Clinical Oncology, OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marilena Pirtea
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.C.B.); (M.P.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Mădălin-Marius Margan
- Department of Functional Sciences/Discipline of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Larisa Tomescu
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Ceban
- Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
- Laboratory of Andrology, Functional Urology and Sexual Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.C.B.); (M.P.F.); (M.P.)
- Center of Expertise for Rare Vascular Disease in Children, Emergency Hospital for Children Louis Turcanu, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugen Melnic
- Department of Pathology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
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12
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Sokolov P, Nifontova G, Samokhvalov P, Karaulov A, Sukhanova A, Nabiev I. Nontoxic Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Detection and 3D Imaging of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030946. [PMID: 36986807 PMCID: PMC10052755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer (BC) markers and high-resolution 3D immunofluorescence imaging of the tumor and its microenvironment not only facilitate making the disease prognosis and selecting effective anticancer therapy (including photodynamic therapy), but also provides information on signaling and metabolic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and helps in the search for new therapeutic targets and drugs. The characteristics of imaging nanoprobe efficiency, such as sensitivity, target affinity, depth of tissue penetration, and photostability, are determined by the properties of their components, fluorophores and capture molecules, and by the method of their conjugation. Regarding individual nanoprobe components, fluorescent nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used for optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, and single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are well established as highly specific capture molecules in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, the technologies of obtaining functionally active sdAb–NC conjugates with the highest possible avidity, with all sdAb molecules bound to the NC in a strictly oriented manner, provide 3D-imaging nanoprobes with strong comparative advantages. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of an integrated approach to BC diagnosis, including the detection of biomarkers of the tumor and its microenvironment, as well as the need for their quantitative profiling and imaging of their mutual location, using advanced approaches to 3D detection in thick tissue sections. The existing approaches to 3D imaging of tumors and their microenvironment using fluorescent NCs are described, and the main comparative advantages and disadvantages of nontoxic fluorescent sdAb–NC conjugates as nanoprobes for multiplexed detection and 3D imaging of BC markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sokolov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Nifontova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Pavel Samokhvalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wang M, Chen J, Zhao S, Zheng J, He K, Liu W, Zhao W, Li J, Wang K, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhao L. Atrazine promotes breast cancer development by suppressing immune function and upregulating MMP expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114691. [PMID: 36868036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the triazine herbicide atrazine, which is used extensively, is present in both surface water and groundwater, and its interfering effect on immune systems, endocrine systems, and tumours has been reported by laboratory and epidemiological studies. This study explored how atrazine affected 4T1 breast cancer cell development in vitro and in vivo. The obtained results showed that after exposure to atrazine, the cell proliferation and tumour volume were significantly increased and the expression of MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 was upregulated. The thymus and spleen indices, the CD4 + and CD3 + lymphocyte percentages which from the spleen and inguinal lymph nodes, and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were noticeably lower than they were in the control group. Importantly, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes such as CD4 + , CD8 + , and NK cells were decreased while Treg cells were increased. Moreover, IL-4 was increased and IFN-γ and TNF-α were decreased in the serum and tumour microenvironment. These results suggested that atrazine can suppress systemic as well as local tumour immune function and upregulate MMPs to promote breast tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jingying Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jilin Academy of Environmental Science, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jingze Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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14
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Antmen E, Ermis M, Kuren O, Beksac K, Irkkan C, Hasirci V. Nuclear Deformability of Breast Cells Analyzed from Patients with Malignant and Benign Breast Diseases. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1629-1643. [PMID: 36706038 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and dynamic disease, in which cancer cells are highly responsive to alterations in the microenvironment. Today, conventional methods of detecting cancer give a rather static image of the condition of the disease, so dynamic properties such as invasiveness and metastasis are difficult to capture. In this study, conventional molecular-level evaluations of the patients with breast adenocarcinoma were combined with in vitro methods on micropatterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) biomaterial surfaces that deform cells. A correlation between deformability of the nuclei and cancer stemness, invasiveness, and metastasis was sought. Clinical patient samples were from regions of the breast with different proximities to the tumor. Responses at the single-cell level toward the micropatterned surfaces were studied using CD44/24, epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM), MUC1, and PCK. Results showed that molecular markers and shape descriptors can discriminate the cells from different proximities to the tumor center and from different patients. The cells with the most metastatic and invasive properties showed both the highest deformability and the highest level of metastatic markers. In conclusion, by using a combination of molecular markers together with nuclear deformation, it is possible to improve detection and separation of subpopulations in heterogenous breast cancer specimens at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Menekse Ermis
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuren
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Kemal Beksac
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Irkkan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara06800, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Istanbul34752, Turkey
- ACU Biomaterials Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Atasehir, Istanbul34752, Turkey
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15
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Liu Z, Wen J, Wang M, Ren Y, Yang Q, Qian L, Luo H, Feng S, He C, Liu X, Wu Y, Luo D. Breast Amide Proton Transfer Imaging at 3 T: Diagnostic Performance and Association With Pathologic Characteristics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:824-833. [PMID: 35816177 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging has been increasingly applied in tumor characterization. However, its value in evaluating breast cancer remains undetermined. PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic performance of APT imaging in breast cancer and its association with prognostic histopathologic characteristics. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Eighty-four patients with breast lesions. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T/single-shot fast spin echo APT imaging. ASSESSMENT APTw signal in breast lesion was quantified. Lesion malignancy, T stage, grades, Ki-67 index, molecular biomarkers (estrogen receptor [ER] expression, progesterone receptor [PR] expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER-2] expression), molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, triple negative, and HER-2 enriched) were determined. STATISTICAL TESTS Student t-test, one-way analysis of variance, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and Pearson's correlation with P < 0.05 as statistical significance. RESULTS APTw signal was significantly higher in malignant lesions (1.55% ± 1.24%) than in benign lesions (0.54% ± 1.13%), and in grade III lesions than in grade II lesions (1.65% ± 0.84% vs. 0.96% ± 0.96%), and in T2- (1.57% ± 0.64%) and T3-stage lesions (1.54% ± 0.63%) than in T1-stage lesions (0.81% ± 0.64%) for invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. APTw signal significantly correlated with Ki-67 index (r = 0.364) but showed no significant difference in groups of ER (P = 0.069), PR (P = 0.069), HER-2 (P = 0.961), and among molecular subtypes (P = 0.073). DATA CONCLUSION APT imaging shows potential in differentiating breast lesion malignancy and associates with prognosis-related tumor grade, T stage, and proliferative activity. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.,Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya Ren
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Luo
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sha Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuiju He
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehong Luo
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Einhaus J, Rochwarger A, Mattern S, Gaudillière B, Schürch CM. High-multiplex tissue imaging in routine pathology-are we there yet? Virchows Arch 2023; 482:801-812. [PMID: 36757500 PMCID: PMC10156760 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
High-multiplex tissue imaging (HMTI) approaches comprise several novel immunohistological methods that enable in-depth, spatial single-cell analysis. Over recent years, studies in tumor biology, infectious diseases, and autoimmune conditions have demonstrated the information gain accessible when mapping complex tissues with HMTI. Tumor biology has been a focus of innovative multiparametric approaches, as the tumor microenvironment (TME) contains great informative value for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapeutic approaches: unraveling the cellular composition and structural organization of the TME using sophisticated computational tools for spatial analysis has produced histopathologic biomarkers for outcomes in breast cancer, predictors of positive immunotherapy response in melanoma, and histological subgroups of colorectal carcinoma. Integration of HMTI technologies into existing clinical workflows such as molecular tumor boards will contribute to improve patient outcomes through personalized treatments tailored to the specific heterogeneous pathological fingerprint of cancer, autoimmunity, or infection. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of existing HMTI technologies and outline how spatial single-cell data can improve our understanding of pathological disease mechanisms and determinants of treatment success. We provide an overview of the analytic processing and interpretation and discuss how HMTI can improve future routine clinical diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Einhaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Rochwarger
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Mattern
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudillière
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Choo ALE, Sim LSJ, Sittampalam K, Tan WC, Tay AZE, Nadarajah R, Tan VKM, Sim Y. Breast metastasis from endometrial clear cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1070744. [PMID: 36761429 PMCID: PMC9905423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the breast from extra-mammary malignancies are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Endometrial cancer, a common gynecological malignancy, often spreads to the pelvis, abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum or the lungs. Endometrial metastasis to the breast is extremely rare, and while there have been isolated case reports of endometrial serous carcinoma with breast metastasis, it has not been reported in the case of clear cell carcinoma. We present a rare case of a 70 year old Chinese lady who had a metastatic endometrial clear cell carcinoma with metastasis to the breast, mimicking an inflammatory breast cancer clinically. We reviewed the current literature and describe the challenges in differentiating primary from metastatic breast lesions, as well as clinical, radiological and histopathological features that may help to differentiate the two. Tumour metastasis to the breast via lymphatic or hematogenous route can affect their radiological features: the former mimicking inflammatory breast cancer and the latter with features similar to benign breast lesions. Regardless, histological features with immunohistochemical staining is still the gold standard in diagnosing metastatic breast lesions and determining their tissue of origin. Breast metastases from extra-mammary malignancies are uncommon and it is even rarer for endometrial clear cell carcinoma to spread to the breast. Nonetheless, this case highlights the importance of keeping an open mind and engaging a multidisciplinary team for the care of complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadora Li En Choo
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Amadora Li En Choo,
| | | | - Kesavan Sittampalam
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Chong Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Zhi En Tay
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravichandran Nadarajah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Kiak Mien Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Breast Surgery, Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yirong Sim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Breast Surgery, Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Koonmee S, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Aphivatanasiri C, Kunprom W, Intarawichian P, Bamrungkit W, Sangkhamanon S, Thanee M. Pathology of Cholangiocarcinoma. Recent Results Cancer Res 2023; 219:91-107. [PMID: 37660332 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35166-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver excretes bile through the biliary system, which has a complicated anatomical structure. Cholangiocarcinoma, a malignant bile duct epithelial tumor, is separated into intrahepatic and extrahepatic portions depending on the structure of the bile duct and exhibits both similarities and varieties in patient presentations and staging. The three main macroscopic characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma-mass formating, intraductal growth, and periductal infiltrating types-allow pathologists and surgeons to see and analyze the cancerous tissue. The majority of cholangiocarcinoma patients are in advanced stages and poor prognosis. Although surgery is the main treatment option, target therapy based on molecular pathology background offers hope for improving patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Koonmee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Waritta Kunprom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Walailak Bamrungkit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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19
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Borges PCC, Spencer HB, Barbosa C, Costa V, Furtado A, Leal MC, Lopes C, Ferreira D, Carvalho AL, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Santos LL. XPERT ® breast cancer STRAT4 as an alternative method of identifying breast cancer phenotype in Cape Verde (preliminary results). Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1530. [PMID: 37138965 PMCID: PMC10151082 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem in developing countries, including Cape Verde. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the gold standard technique used for BC phenotypic characterisation to support efficient therapeutic decisions. However, IHC is a demanding technique that requires knowledge, trained technicians, expensive antibodies and reagents, controls, and results validation. The low number of cases in Cape Verde increases the risk of expiring the validity of the antibodies, and manual procedures often jeopardise the quality of the results. Thus, IHC is limited in Cape Verde, and an alternative technically easy solution is needed. A point-of-care messenger RNA (mRNA) STRAT4 BC assay to assess estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), hormone growth factor 2 receptor (HER2), and Ki67, using the GeneXpert platform, has been recently validated on tissues from internationally accredited laboratories, showing excellent concordance with IHC results.To assess whether this technology can be implemented in Cape Verde to guide BC treatment we decided to study the level of agreement between the findings yielded by BC STRAT4 and the results are the same cases obtained by IHC. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 29 Cabo Verdean BC patients diagnosed in Agostinho Neto University Hospital were analysed by applying IHC and BC STRAT4 assay. The time between sample collection and pre-analytic procedures is unknown. All the samples were pre-processed in Cabo Verde (fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin). IHC studies were performed in referenced laboratories in Portugal. STRAT4 and IHC result concordance was assessed by calculating the percentage of results agreement and Cohen's Kappa (K) statistics. Results STRAT4 assay failed in 2 out of the 29 analysed samples. Of the 27 successfully analysed samples, STRAT4/IHC results for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 were concordant in 25, 24, 25, and 18 cases, respectively. Ki67 was indeterminate in three cases, and PR was indeterminate once.The percentage of agreement between STRAT4 and IHC results for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 was 92.59%, 92.31%, 92.59% and 81.82%, respectively. The Cohen's K statistic coefficients for each biomarker were 0.809, 0.845, 0.757 and 0.506, respectively. Conclusions According to our preliminary results, a point-of-care mRNA STRAT4 BC assay may be an alternative in laboratories unable to provide quality and/or cost-efficient IHC services. However, more data and improvement on sample pre-analytic processes are required to implement this BC STRAT4 Assay in Cape Verde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C C Borges
- Laboratório Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário Agostinho Neto, Praia, Plateau 112, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Carla Barbosa
- Hospital Universitário Agostinho Neto, Praia, Plateau 112, Cabo Verde
| | - Victor Costa
- Hospital Universitário Agostinho Neto, Praia, Plateau 112, Cabo Verde
| | - Antónia Furtado
- IMP Diagnostics, Molecular and Anatomic Pathology Lab, 4150-146, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Leal
- Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Unilabs | Laboratório Anatomia Patológica, 4250-170, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Surgical Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Development and Validation of an Ultrasound-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Identifying HER2 Status in Patients with Breast Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123130. [PMID: 36553137 PMCID: PMC9776855 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: To evaluate the performance of ultrasound-based radiomics in the preoperative prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and HER2- breast carcinoma. (2) Methods: Ultrasound images from 309 patients (86 HER2+ cases and 223 HER2- cases) were retrospectively analyzed, of which 216 patients belonged to the training set and 93 patients assigned to the time-independent validation set. The region of interest of the tumors was delineated, and the radiomics features were extracted. Radiomics features underwent dimensionality reduction analyses using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Mann-Whitney U test, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The radiomics score (Rad-score) for each patient was calculated through a linear combination of the nonzero coefficient features. The support vector machine (SVM), K nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), naive Bayes (NB) and XGBoost (XGB) machine learning classifiers were trained to establish prediction models based on the Rad-score. A clinical model based on significant clinical features was also established. In addition, the logistic regression method was used to integrate Rad-score and clinical features to generate the nomogram model. The leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) method was used to validate the reliability and stability of the model. (3) Results: Among the seven classifier models, the LR achieved the best performance in the validation set, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.786, and was obtained as the Rad-score model, while the RF performed the worst. Tumor size showed a statistical difference between the HER2+ and HER2- groups (p = 0.028). The nomogram model had a slightly higher AUC than the Rad-score model (AUC, 0.788 vs. 0.786), but no statistical difference (Delong test, p = 0.919). The LOOCV method yielded a high median AUC of 0.790 in the validation set. (4) Conclusion: The Rad-score model performs best among the seven classifiers. The nomogram model based on Rad-score and tumor size has slightly better predictive performance than the Rad-score model, and it has the potential to be utilized as a routine modality for preoperatively determining HER2 status in BC patients non-invasively.
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Wang X, Zhang H, Lu Y. Breast metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma from the colon: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:376. [PMID: 36451153 PMCID: PMC9714053 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common diagnosed malignancies. Despite the use of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other comprehensive treatments, distant metastasis is still one of the main causes for dying of colon cancer. The common metastatic site of colon cancer is the liver, lung, and bone. In this article, we report a rare case of breast metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma from the colon. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old woman was diagnosed with colon cancer and received a radical surgery of colon cancer in 2019. Combined with postoperative pathological and computed tomography (CT) images, a diagnosis of cT3N2M0 mucinous adenocarcinoma of colon (according to AJCC cancer staging manual, Version 8) was established. Adjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX: oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 18 weeks) was performed followed by surgical resection. Fourteen months later, the patient underwent mastectomy for breast mass, which was diagnosed pathologically as metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma from the colon. XELOX chemotherapy regimen (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 24 weeks) combined with bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg on day 1) was used after the mastectomy. The patient had stable disease according to her last examination (RECIST criteria). CONCLUSION It is rare to find a report of a patient of colon cancer that metastasizes to breast. We hope to increase treatment experience for patients with this rare metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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22
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Tokareva A, Chagovets V, Starodubtseva N, Rodionov V, Kometova V, Chingin K, Frankevich V. Lipidomic markers of breast cancer malignant tumor histological types. BIOMEDITSINSKAYA KHIMIYA 2022; 68:375-382. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226805375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular profile of a tumor is associated with its histological type and can be used both to study the mechanisms of tumor progression and to diagnose it. In this work, changes in the lipid profile of a malignant breast tumor and the adjacent tissue were studied. The potential possibility of determining the histological type of the tumor by its lipid profile was evaluated. Lipid profiling was performed by reverse-phase chromato-mass-spectrometric analysis the tissue of lipid extract with identification of lipids by characteristic fragments. Potential lipid markers of the histological type of tumor were determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Impact of lipid markers was calculated by MetaboAnalyst. Classification models were built by support vector machines with linear kernel and 1-vs-1 architecture. Models were validated by leave-one out cross-validation. Accuracy of models based on microenvironment tissue, were 99% and 75%, accuracy of models, based on tumor tissue, were 90% and 40% for the positive ion mode and negative ion mode respectively. The lipid profile of marginal (adjacent) tissue can be used for identification histological types of breast cancer. Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway changes were statistically significant in the adjacent tissue and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.O. Tokareva
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V.V. Chagovets
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N.L. Starodubtseva
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V.V. Rodionov
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V.V. Kometova
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - K.S. Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - V.E. Frankevich
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
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Xie Q, Fan X, Han Y, Wu BX, Zhu B. Daphnoretin Arrests the Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2332-2339. [PMID: 36154031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that daphnoretin, one of the main active ingredients of Daphne giraldii Nitsche, processes antitumor activities in several tumor cells (e.g., colon cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and osteosarcoma). However, the antitumor effect and its mechanism in breast cancer are unexplored. In this study, our data indicated that daphnoretin obviously suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Further studies showed that daphnoretin remarkably increased the p21 level, decreased cyclin E and CDK2 levels, and then arrested the cell cycle at the S phase. Moreover, daphnoretin obviously lowered the BCL-2 level and raised the levels of BAX and cleaved caspase-9 and -3, leading to cell apoptosis. Furthermore, daphnoretin remarkably decreased the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in breast cancer cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that daphnoretin could suppress breast cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis, which is related to the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, 9 Science and Technology Avenue, Huaian, 223005, Jiangsu China
| | - Xinmei Fan
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, 4 Meicheng Road, Huaian, 223003, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Han
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, 9 Science and Technology Avenue, Huaian, 223005, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, 9 Science and Technology Avenue, Huaian, 223005, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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24
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Tatsumi A, Morichika K, Krueger J, Yokota H. High-Sensitivity Immunohistochemistry Method Using a Combination of Fluorescent Nanoparticles and Tyramide Linker. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2123498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Tatsumi
- Precision Medicine Business Unit, Healthcare Business Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino-shi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Morichika
- Precision Medicine Business Unit, Healthcare Business Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino-shi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yokota
- Precision Medicine Business Unit, Healthcare Business Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino-shi, Japan
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25
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Liu Y, Fan Y, Jin Z, Cui M, Yu X, Jin F, Wang X. Axillary management for early invasive breast cancer patients: Who will truly benefit? Front Oncol 2022; 12:989975. [PMID: 36046051 PMCID: PMC9421357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.989975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe implementation of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and further completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) after positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) on early invasive breast cancer patients should be cautiously tailored. Identifying predictors for SLN and non-sentinel lymph node (nSLN) metastases can help surgeons make better surgical decisions.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was designed and a total of 560 eligible patients were enrolled consecutively. They were all diagnosed in our center and received appropriate medical care. According to the metastasis of SLN and nSLN, they were divided into metastatic and non-metastatic groups on two successive occasions to investigate the relationship between clinical factors, pathological factors, hematological factors and lymph node metastasis.ResultsIn total, 101 (18.04%) patients developed SLN metastases, including 98 patients with macro-metastases and 3 patients with micro-metastases. Out of 97 patients receiving further cALND, 20 patients (20.62%) developed nSLN metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed that “high expression of Ki-67” and “lymphatic invasion” predicted a higher risk of SLN metastasis; and “increased number of positive SLNs” and “increased systemic inflammation index (SII)” predicted a higher risk of nSLN metastasis.ConclusionSurgery for early invasive breast cancer patients should be more customized and precise. Appropriate axillary management is necessary for patients with the associated predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Research Unit of General Surgery, Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zining Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
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dos Santos A, Ouellete G, Diorio C, Elowe S, Durocher F. Knockdown of CKAP2 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Aggregate Formation in Aggressive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153759. [PMID: 35954424 PMCID: PMC9367390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex disease where cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner. It is well established that its development and progression involve major alterations in the activity of mitotic regulators. In order to improve our understanding of the contribution of cell-cycle progression defects to the development of disease, the aim of this study is to identify genes relevant to the proper progression of mitosis that are deregulated in breast cancer. Our findings identified CKAP2 as an important mitotic regulator in BC tumors. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that gene silencing of CKAP2 blocked cell growth, cell migration, and formation of cell aggregates. These results demonstrated the important role of CKAP2 in breast cancer tumor formation. Abstract Loss of mitotic regulation is commonly observed in cancer and is a major cause of whole-chromosome aneuploidy. The identification of genes that play a role in the proper progression of mitosis can help us to understand the development and evolution of this disease. Here, we generated a list of proteins implicated in mitosis that we used to probe a patient-derived breast cancer (BC) continuum gene-expression dataset generated by our group by human transcriptome analysis of breast lesions of varying aggressiveness (from normal to invasive). We identified cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (CKAP2) as an important mitotic regulator in invasive BC. The results showed that CKAP2 is overexpressed in invasive BC tumors when compared with normal tissues, and highly expressed in all BC subtypes. Higher expression of CKAP2 is also related to a worse prognosis in overall survival and relapse-free survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-negative BC patients. Knockdown of CKAP2 in SKBR3 cells impaired cell proliferation and cell migration and reduced aggregate formation in a 3D culture. Our results show the important role of CKAP2 in BC tumorigenesis, and its potential utility as a prognostic marker in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro dos Santos
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.d.S.); (G.O.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- PROTEO-Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L’ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geneviève Ouellete
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.d.S.); (G.O.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- PROTEO-Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, L’ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval et le Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (F.D.)
| | - Francine Durocher
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.d.S.); (G.O.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (F.D.)
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27
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Koonmee S, Sangkhamanon S, Intarawichian P, Aphivatanasiri C, Kunprom W, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Balthaisong S, Phuyao C, Prajumwongs P, Alaghehbandan R, Thanee M. The Impact of Pre-analytical Quality Initiatives on Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnostics in Thailand. Front Public Health 2022; 10:792847. [PMID: 35757604 PMCID: PMC9231639 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.792847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most prevalent malignancy in Thailand, with unfortunate late diagnosis and frequent metastatic disease outcomes. An accurate tissue diagnosis is the first and most important step in the treatment of CCA. Tissue quality and preservation during the pre-analytical phase play major roles in the proper histological evaluation and potential biomarker testing. This study evaluated the impact of using the “Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP)” container, as an innovative tool to address pre-analytical challenges faced by pathology laboratories in Thailand. This is a comparison study examining the quality of CCA specimens using the CASCAP container vs. the conventional method, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). CCA tissue quality using the CASCAP container significantly reduced artifact deposition while improving the cellular structure and nuclear and cytoplasmic morphologies. The immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), a prognostic marker in CCA, significantly improved in the CASCAP container group in comparison with the conventional method. This innovation is proven to significantly enhance the CCA tissue quality diagnostics and prognostic biomarker testing, hence improving overall cancer care, diagnosis, and treatment in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Koonmee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piyapharom Intarawichian
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waritta Kunprom
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suwit Balthaisong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chitsakul Phuyao
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piya Prajumwongs
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Reza Alaghehbandan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Royal Columbian Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Seshadri VD, Oyouni AAA, Bawazir WM, Alsagaby SA, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Al-Amer OM. Zingiberene exerts chemopreventive activity against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23146. [PMID: 35698847 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death in females, wherein increased mortality of breast cancer patients is recorded worldwide. Zingiberene is a monocyclic sesquiterpene from the ginger plant and has many pharmacological benefits. In this exploration, we assessed the anticancer actions of Zingiberene against the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-stimulated mammary carcinogenesis in rats and MDA-MB-231 cells. Breast cancer was induced in the Female Sprague-Dawley rats through the 25 mg/kg of DMBA in 0.5 ml of corn oil and then treated with 20 and 40 mg/kg of Zingiberene, respectively. The body weight of animals and tumor volume was measured. Hematological parameters, transaminases, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants status were scrutinized using standard techniques. The estrogen receptor-α and inflammatory markers were inspected by using respective assay kits. Histological damage scores were determined. In vitro experiments were conducted to scrutinize Zingiberene's effect on cell viability and apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Zingiberene substantially modulated the DMBA-stimulated physiological and hematological changes and decreased the transaminases, and lipid peroxidation in the DMBA-stimulated animals. Zingiberene also elevated the antioxidant level and suppressed the inflammatory markers. Histological study revealed the protective effects of Zingiberene. The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was noticeably diminished by the Zingiberene, thus inducing apoptotic cell death. Overall, our findings reliably proved the anticancer potential of Zingiberene against the DMBA-stimulated mammary tumorigenesis, and it could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Bawazir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Al-Amer
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Meyer HJ, Martin M, Denecke T. DWI of the Breast - Possibilities and Limitations. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 194:966-974. [PMID: 35439830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRI of the breast is of great importance in the diagnosis of disorders of the breast. This can be stated for the primary diagnosis as well as the follow up. Of special interest is diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), which has an increasingly important role. The present review provides results regarding the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of DWI for disorders of the breast. METHODS Under consideration of the recently published literature, the clinical value of DWI of the breast is discussed. Several diagnostic applications are shown, especially for the primary diagnosis of unclear tumors of the breast, the prediction of the axillary lymph node status and the possibility of a native screening. Moreover, correlations between DWI and histopathology features and treatment prediction with DWI are provided. RESULTS Many studies have shown the diagnostic value of DWI for the primary diagnosis of intramammary lesions. Benign lesions of the breast have significantly higher apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC values) compared to malignant tumors. This can be clinically used to reduce unnecessary biopsies in clinical routine. However, there are inconclusive results for the prediction of the histological subtype of the breast cancer. DWI can aid in the prediction of treatment to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION DWI is a very promising imaging modality, which should be included in the standard protocol of the MRI of the breast. DWI can provide clinically value in the diagnosis as well as for prognosis in breast cancer. KEY POINTS · DWI can aid in the discrimination between benign and malignant tumors of the breast and therefore avoiding unnecessary biopsies.. · The ADC value cannot discriminate between immunhistochemical subtypes of the breast cancer. · The ADC value of breast cancer increases under neoadjuvant chemotherapy and can by this aid in treatment prediction.. · There is definite need of standardisation for clinical translation. CITATION FORMAT · Meyer HJ, Martin M, Denecke T. DWI of the Breast - Possibilities and Limitations. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-8572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jonas Meyer
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mireille Martin
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timm Denecke
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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Shidham VB, Janikowski B. Immunocytochemistry of effusions: Processing and commonly used immunomarkers. Cytojournal 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35541029 PMCID: PMC9079319 DOI: 10.25259/cmas_02_15_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Definitive cytopathological interpretation of some of the effusion fluids may not be possible based on cytomorphological evaluation alone. As discussed in other reviews, this is due to various reasons specifically applicable to effusion fluids including remarkably wide morphologic spectrum of reactive mesothelial cells overlapping with some well to moderately differentiated metastatic carcinoma. The challenge is subject to various factors including level of interpreter training or experience, institutional demographics (such as type of prevalent diseases, predominant sex and age group), technical advances in ancillary support, and expertise in cytopreparatory processing. In such cases immunohistochemistry performed on cell-block sections is simple objective adjunct with or without other ancillary techniques. Ongoing increase in number of immunomarkers along with rabbit monoclonal antibodies with relatively higher affinity is further refining this field. SCIP (subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern) approach, discussed as separate dedicated review article, facilitates refined interpretation of immunoreactivity pattern in coordinate manner on various serial sections of cell-blocks. However, many variables such as delay after specimen collection, specimen processing related factors including fixation and storage; ambient conditions under which paraffin blocks are archived (for retrospective testing); antigen retrieval method; duration of antigen retrieval step; antibody clone and dilution; and antibody application time are common with application of immunohistochemistry in other areas. This review is dedicated to highlight technical aspects including processing of effusion specimens for optimum immunocytochemical evaluation along with commonly used immunomarkers in effusion cytopathology. This review focuses on the technical and general information about various immunomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Shidham
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States,
| | - Beata Janikowski
- Technical Specialist-IHC, DMC University Laboratories, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States,
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Rule-Based Information Extraction from Free-Text Pathology Reports Reveals Trends in South African Female Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Ki67 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6157861. [PMID: 35355821 PMCID: PMC8960023 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6157861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical information on molecular subtypes and the Ki67 index is critical for breast cancer (BC) prognosis and personalised treatment plan. Extracting such information into structured data is essential for research, auditing, and cancer incidence reporting and underpins the potential for automated decision support. Herewith, we developed a rule-based natural language processing algorithm that retrieved and extracted important BC parameters from free-text pathology reports towards exploring molecular subtypes and Ki67-proliferation trends. We considered malignant BC pathology reports with different free-text narrative attributes from the South African National Health Laboratory Service. The reports were preprocessed and parsed through the algorithm. Parameters extracted by the algorithm were validated against manually extracted parameters. For all parameters extracted, we obtained accurate annotations of 83-100%, 93-100%, 91-100%, and 92-100% precision, recall, F1-score, and kappa, respectively. There was a significant trend in the proportion of each molecular subtype by patient age, histologic type, grade, Ki67, and race. The findings also showed significant association in the Ki67 trend with hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factors, age, grade, and race. Our approach bridges the gap between data availability and actionable knowledge and provides a framework that could be adapted and reused in other cancers and beyond cancer studies. Information extracted from these reports showed interesting trends that may be exploited for BC screening and treatment resources in South Africa. Finally, this study strongly encourages the implementation of a synoptic style pathology report in South Africa.
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Czapiewski P, Cornelius M, Hartig R, Kalinski T, Haybaeck J, Dittmer A, Dittmer J, Ignatov A, Nass N. BCL3 expression is strongly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer relapse under tamoxifen treatment in a retrospective cohort study. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:529-541. [PMID: 35020071 PMCID: PMC8989858 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer are usually receiving an anti-estrogen therapy by either aromatase inhibitors or selective estrogen receptor mediators such as tamoxifen. Nevertheless, acquired resistance to tamoxifen under treatment frequently hampers therapy. One proposed explanation for this phenomenon is the interaction of the tumor cells with cells of the tumor microenvironment via the Insulin-like growth factor RNA binding protein 5/B-cell lymphoma 3 (IGFBP5/BCL3) axis. Here we investigated whether a high expression of BCL3 either cytoplasmic or nuclear is associated with the occurrence of a relapse under anti-estrogen therapy in patients. Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 180 breast cancer patients were analyzed for BCL3 expression by immunohistochemistry. An immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated from staining intensity in cytoplasm and nucleus as well as the percentage of positive tumor cells. These scores were correlated with clinico-pathological parameters using cross-tabulation analysis and patients’ relapse free and overall survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression. A tamoxifen-adapted MCF-7 derived cell line was investigated for BCL3 localization by immunofluorescence. The cytosolic BCL3-IRS significantly correlated with the proliferation marker Ki-67, and with the occurrence of a relapse under tamoxifen treatment. Nuclear score correlated only with tamoxifen-relapse. In survival analysis, both scores were highly significant prognostic factors for relapse free, but not for overall survival. This was especially obvious for estrogen receptor positive and HER2/NEU negative cases as well as lobular breast cancer. Tamoxifen-treated, but not aromatase-treated patients had a poor survival when BCL3 scores were high. A tamoxifen adapted cell line exhibited a reduced expression and mainly nuclear localization of BCL3, compared to the parental estrogen receptor positive cell-line MCF-7. Altogether, these data strongly support a function of BCL3 in tamoxifen resistance and its potential use as a predictive biomarker for tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
| | - Maximilian Cornelius
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str.44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry Platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str.44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann Str. 35, 39108, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Dessau Medical Center, Department for Internal Medicine I, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
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de Oliveira-Junior I, Barbin FF, Watanabe AHU, dos Reis R, da Costa Vieira RA. HPV-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the breast, mimicking primary tumor. Breast Dis 2022; 41:407-411. [PMID: 36502298 PMCID: PMC9881019 DOI: 10.3233/bd-220027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic disease to the breast is a rare condition, with contralateral breast metastasis being the most common primary site. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a patient who underwent treatment for an HPV positive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix who, during follow-up, complained of a nodule in her left breast. Anatomopathological results indicating squamous carcinoma, which was not able to be differentiated from breast metaplastic carcinoma. Resection of the lesion was carried out, confirming carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation with negativity for GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, p63 and SOX10, but with positivity for p16 and for high risk HPV, confirming a single metastatic lesion of cervical carcinoma. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In the presence of SCC in the breast, the differential diagnosis may consider the presence of primary lesion, metaplastic carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation or metastatic disease. The use of markers such as p63, SOX10 and p16, may help for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idam de Oliveira-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Tocogynecology, Medicine School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Mastology and Breast Reconstruction, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo dos Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Oncogynecology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - René Aloisio da Costa Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Tocogynecology, Medicine School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Surgery Department, Division of Mastology, Muriaé Cancer Hospital, Muriaé, MG, Brazil
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Ban B, Zhang K, Li JN, Liu TJ, Shi J. Ductal breast carcinoma metastasized to the rectum: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11346-11354. [PMID: 35071565 PMCID: PMC8717501 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from breast cancer (BC) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, increased awareness of GI metastasis secondary to BC and a deep understanding of the clinical and pathological features, and intervention for GI metastasis are fundamental to avoid delay in correct diagnosis and management.
CASE SUMMARY The present report discusses the case of a Chinese female patient aged 36 years. The patient presented with difficult defecation along with bloody stools and hypogastralgia. In 2015, she had undergone right modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection in another hospital to treat the infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma pT1N1M0. The presenting symptoms were investigated by colonoscopy, which indicated a circumferential stricture in the lower rectum at 3 cm from the anal edge. Further investigation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed an uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose within the distal rectum as well as in the left acetabulum. The samples from laparoscopic exploration were biopsied, which revealed metastases of BC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor confirmed that the patient had rectal metastasis of infiltrating ductal BC.
CONCLUSION Rectal metastasis should be considered when patients with a history of BC present with changed bowel habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ban
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tong-Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Mei C, Xin L, Liu Y, Lin J, Xian H, Zhang X, Hu W, Xia Z, Wang H, Lyu Y. Establishment of a New Cell Line of Canine Mammary Tumor CMT-1026. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:744032. [PMID: 34712723 PMCID: PMC8546253 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) have histopathological, epidemiologic and clinical characteristics similar to those in humans and are known to be one of the best models for human breast cancer (HBC). This research aimed to describe a newly established canine cell line, CMT-1026. Tumor samples were collected from a female dog exhibiting clinical mammary neoplasm, and the adherent cells were cultured. Both the histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tumor samples were estimated. Cell growth, ultrastructural, cytological and immunocytochemistry (ICC) features of CMT-1026 were examined. CMT-1026 cells were inoculated into 10 female BALB/c nude mice to evaluate oncogenicity and metastatic ability. Hematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) staining of the tumors revealed an epithelial morphology. Electron microscopy was used to detect histological and cytological of smears, and ultrathin sections showed that CMT-1026 cells were polygonal and characterized by atypia and high mitotic index in the tumor, with prominent nucleoli and multinucleated cells. IHC characterization of CMT-1026 indicated ER-, PR-, HER-2, p63+, CK5/6+, and α-SMA+ epithelial cells. ICC characterization of CMT-1026 showed high expression of Claudin-1, Delta-catenin, SOX-2, and KI-67. At 2 weeks after inoculation of the CMT-1026 cells, phyma was found in 100% of the mice. The xenograft cancers showed conservation of the original H.E. features of the female dog cancer. In conclusion, CMT-1026 may be a model of canine mammary cancer that can be used in research on the pathogenesis of both CMT and HBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Municipal Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lyu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Cancer Tissue Classification Using Supervised Machine Learning Applied to MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215388. [PMID: 34771551 PMCID: PMC8582378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Classic histopathological examination of tissues remains the mainstay for cancer diagnosis and staging. However, in some cases histopathologic analysis yields ambiguous results, leading to inconclusive disease classification. We set out to explore the diagnostic potential of mass spectrometry-based imaging for tumour classification based on proteomic fingerprints. Combining mass spectrometry with supervised machine learning, we were able to distinguish colorectal tumor from normal tissue with an overall accuracy of 98%. In addition, this approach was able to predict the presence of lymph node metastasis in primary tumour of endometrial cancer with an overall accuracy of 80%. These results highlight the potential of this technology to determine the optimal treatment for cancer patients to reduce morbidity and improve patients’ outcomes. Abstract Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) can determine the spatial distribution of analytes such as protein distributions in a tissue section according to their mass-to-charge ratio. Here, we explored the clinical potential of machine learning (ML) applied to MALDI MSI data for cancer diagnostic classification using tissue microarrays (TMAs) on 302 colorectal (CRC) and 257 endometrial cancer (EC)) patients. ML based on deep neural networks discriminated colorectal tumour from normal tissue with an overall accuracy of 98% in balanced cross-validation (98.2% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity). Moreover, our machine learning approach predicted the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) for primary tumours of EC with an accuracy of 80% (90% sensitivity and 69% specificity). Our results demonstrate the capability of MALDI MSI for complementing classic histopathological examination for cancer diagnostic applications.
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Vorinostat (SAHA) and Breast Cancer: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184700. [PMID: 34572928 PMCID: PMC8468501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vorinostat (SAHA), an inhibitor of class I and II of histone deacetylases, is the first histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006. HDIs are promising anticancer agents that inhibit the proliferation of many types of cancer cells including breast carcinoma (BC). BC is a heterogeneous disease with variable biological behavior, morphological features, and response to therapy. Although significant progress in the treatment of BC has been made, high toxicity to normal cells, serious side effects, and the occurrence of multi-drug resistance limit the effective therapy of BC patients. Therefore, new active agents which improve the effectiveness of currently used regimens are highly needed. This manuscript analyzes preclinical and clinical trials data of SAHA, applied individually or in combination with other anticancer agents, considering different histological subtypes of BC.
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Wang B, Jiang Y, Li SY, Niu RL, Blasberg JD, Kaifi JT, Liu G, Wang ZL. Breast metastases from primary lung cancer: a retrospective case series on clinical, ultrasonographic, and immunohistochemical features. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3226-3235. [PMID: 34430360 PMCID: PMC8350075 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer metastases to the breast are less common and consequently have received much less attention in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of clinical, ultrasonographic, and immunohistochemical features of breast metastases from primary lung cancer. Methods This retrospective case series included patients with breast metastases from primary lung cancer between January 2012 and December 2020. Clinical features, ultrasonographic characteristics, and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated in this analysis. Results In all, 7 cases (mean ± standard deviation age: 57.4±8.3 years; range, 49–70 years) were evaluated. The maximum size of breast lesions in 6 cases ranged from 1.2 to 4.5 cm, while 1 case showed a diffused pattern. Ultrasound features of breast metastases from lung cancer were irregular (5/7, 71.4%), indistinct (6/7, 85.7%), hypoechoic (7/7, 100.0%), and parallel (6/7, 85.7%) masses without calcification. Immunohistochemical staining test was positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in all patients (7/7, 100.0%), 3 cases (3/5, 60.0%) were negative for p63, 5 cases (5/5, 100.0%) were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), 4 cases (4/5, 80.0%) were positive for napsin A. Conclusions The ultrasonographic features of lung metastases to the breast are clinically important to understand. A known history of the primary lung cancer is of great importance when evaluating patients with a breast nodule. The presence of an ipsilateral lung cancer, breast nodule and axillary lymphadenopathy should be considered with pathological and immunohistochemical data to differentiate breast metastases from a primary breast malignancy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Yu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Lan Niu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Justin D Blasberg
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Division for Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Richter M, Piwocka O, Musielak M, Piotrowski I, Suchorska WM, Trzeciak T. From Donor to the Lab: A Fascinating Journey of Primary Cell Lines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711381. [PMID: 34395440 PMCID: PMC8356673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cancer cell lines are ex vivo cell cultures originating from resected tissues during biopsies and surgeries. Primary cell cultures are objects of intense research due to their high impact on molecular biology and oncology advancement. Initially, the patient-derived specimen must be subjected to dissociation and isolation. Techniques for tumour dissociation are usually reliant on the organisation of connecting tissue. The most common methods include enzymatic digestion (with collagenase, dispase, and DNase), chemical treatment (with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), or mechanical disaggregation to obtain a uniform cell population. Cells isolated from the tissue specimen are cultured as a monolayer or three-dimensional culture, in the form of multicellular spheroids, scaffold-based cultures (i.e., organoids), or matrix-embedded cultures. Every primary cell line must be characterised to identify its origin, purity, and significant features. The process of characterisation should include different assays utilising specific (extra- and intracellular) markers. The most frequently used approaches comprise immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, western blot, flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, karyotyping, confocal microscopy, and next-generation sequencing. The growing body of evidence indicates the validity of the usage of primary cancer cell lines in the formulation of novel anti-cancer treatments and their contribution to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oliwia Piwocka
- Radiobiology Lab, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marika Musielak
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Igor Piotrowski
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria M. Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Wawruszak A, Halasa M, Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Stepulak A. Valproic Acid and Breast Cancer: State of the Art in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3409. [PMID: 34298623 PMCID: PMC8306563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) is a short-chain fatty acid, a member of the group of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs). VPA has been successfully used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia for over 50 years. Numerous in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies suggest that this well-known anticonvulsant drug significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Despite significant progress in the treatment of BC, serious adverse effects, high toxicity to normal cells, and the occurrence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) still limit the effective therapy of BC patients. Thus, new agents which improve the effectiveness of currently used methods, decrease the emergence of MDR, and increase disease-free survival are highly needed. This review focuses on in vitro and in vivo experimental data on VPA, applied individually or in combination with other anti-cancer agents, in the treatment of different histological subtypes of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
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Zhang Y, Wang K, Zhao Y, Fan J, Han T, Si YA, Zhou B, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xie M. Dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for simultaneous measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and human epididymis protein 4 in serum. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a novel dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) is described for simultaneous quantification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in serum to screen gynecologic cancers. A double-antibody sandwich TRFIA was introduced with europium and samarium chelates to simultaneously detect the concentrations of HER-2 and HE4. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method exhibited wide linear ranges for HER-2 of 0.07–500 ng ml−1 and for HE4 of 0.32–1000 pmol l−1 with the average coefficient of variation below 10%. The specificity was satisfied through determining the other common tumor markers. The recovery rates were 94.5% and 96.6% on average for HER-2 and HE4, respectively. Good correlations were observed in clinical samples between developed method and commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay kits. The results demonstrated that dual-label TRFIA for HER-2 and HE4 was rapid and precise, and therefore could have a promising use in large sample detection for gynecological cancer screening.
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Liu L, Lin X, Xiang H, Tang G, Li C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: a study of five cases. J Radiol Case Rep 2020; 14:16-25. [PMID: 33708341 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v14i11.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare type of breast cancer. Most patients present with a bilateral palpable mass. Ultrasound and mammography are non-specific and can sometimes lead to misdiagnosis because of their variable imaging features. Pathological examination is the standard reference. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients. Although adenoid cystic carcinoma has an excellent prognosis, metastatic cases have been reported. This report aims to discuss the clinical and imaging features of one case of adenoid cystic carcinoma with a poor prognosis and four cases with a good prognosis at our center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxue Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wan X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Peng Y. Metastases to the Breast from Extramammary Nonhematological Malignancies: Case Series. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1105-1114. [PMID: 33209053 PMCID: PMC7670084 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s276602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This article aims to provide a better understanding of ultrasonography and immunohistochemistry of secondary nonhematological tumors of breast. Methods The study reviewed the ultrasound findings and immunohistochemical features of nonhematological metastatic breast tumor cases found in patients of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from 2007 to 2019. Each case was categorized as secondary breast malignancy using histopathological results. Results Fourteen cases were identified from West China Hospital database. Ten cases originated in the lung, 2 cases in the stomach, 1 case in the ovary and 1 case of neuroendocrine carcinomas. Fourteen masses were evaluated. Ultrasound findings showed that tumors were hypoechoic (14/14), irregular (13/14), indistinct margin (13/14), along a long axis parallel to the skin (11/14), lacked vascularity via color doppler flow imaging (9/14). Eight cases showed no posterior features. Calcification was found in 1 case of lung adenocarcinoma that had metastasized to the breast. Abnormal axillary lymph nodes were detected in 5 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were both negative in 11 cases, including gastric and lung cancer metastasis. One case of ovarian metastasis was positive for ER and negative for PR. Six patients were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and negative for cytokeratin 20 (CK20), including lung and ovarian carcinoma metastasis. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) was positive in 9 of 10 pulmonary carcinoma metastases. The patient of ovarian metastasis was positive for Wilms' tumour 1 (WT-1) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). Two cases from gastric metastasis were positive for caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2). Conclusion Although breast ultrasound is not useful in distinguishing metastases from primary breast cancer, it is helpful in diagnosing breast lesions as oncological diseases and provide evidence for further examination of patients. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in distinguishing secondary breast cancer from primary, especially in patients without tumor history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Kanumuri R, Saravanan R, Pavithra V, Sundaram S, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Current trends and opportunities in targeting p21 activated kinase-1(PAK1) for therapeutic management of breast cancers. Gene 2020; 760:144991. [PMID: 32717309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Identifying reliable biomarkers and druggable molecular targets pose to be a significant quest in breast cancer research. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that direct cell motility, cytoskeletal remodelling, and has been shown to function as a downstream regulator for various cancer signalling cascades that promote cell proliferation, apoptosis deregulation and hasten mitotic abnormalities, resulting in tumor formation and progression. The heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance are important factors that challenge the treatment of breast cancer. p21-activated kinase 1 signalling is crucial for activation of the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signalling cascades which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, differentiation, and proliferation. A study involving proteogenomics analysis on breast cancer tissues showed the PAK1 as outlier kinase. In addition to this, few outlier molecules were identified specific to subtypes of breast cancer. A few substrates of PAK1 in breast cancer are already known. In this paper, we have discussed a similar approach called Kinase Interacting Substrate Screening (KISS) for the identification of novel oncogenic substrates of p21-activated kinase specific to subtypes of breast cancer. Such high throughput approaches are expected to accelerate the process of identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Pavithra
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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Maroof N, Khan A, Qureshi SA, Rehman AU, Khalil RK, Shim SO. Mitosis detection in breast cancer histopathology images using hybrid feature space. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101885. [PMID: 32565178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer grading is a challenging task as regards image analysis, which is normally based on mitosis count rate. The mitotic count provides an estimate of aggressiveness of the tumor. The detection of mitosis is a challenging task because in a frame of slides at X40 magnification, there are hundreds of nuclei containing few mitotic nuclei. However, manual counting of mitosis by pathologists is a difficult and time intensive job, moreover conventional method rely mainly on the shape, color, and/or texture features as well as pathologist experience. The objective of this study is to accept the atypaia-2014 mitosis detection challenge, automate the process of mitosis detection and a proposal of a hybrid feature space that provides better discrimination of mitotic and non-mitotic nuclei by combining color features with morphological and texture features. To exploit color channels, they were first selected, and then normalized and cumulative histograms were computed in wavelet domain. A detailed analysis presented on these features in different color channels of respective color spaces using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. The proposed hybrid feature space when used with SVM classifier achieved a detection rate of 78.88% and F-measure of 72.07%. Our results, especially high detection rate, indicate that proposed hybrid feature space model contains discriminant information for mitotic nuclei, being therefore a very capable are for exploration to improve the quality of the diagnostic assistance in histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorulain Maroof
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asifullah Khan
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ul Rehman
- Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) P.O. Nilore, 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Seong-O Shim
- Faculty of Computing and IT, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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