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Iyer K, Kumar M, Kannan R, Narayanan A, Moothedath M, Khanagar SB, Bijai LK. Clinical and histopathological correlation of oral malignancy and potentially malignant disorders based on a screening program at high-risk population in Tamil Nadu, India. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1286780. [PMID: 38024143 PMCID: PMC10655261 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1286780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a high incidence of oral cancer and oral potential malignant disorder observed in southeast Asian countries such as India. Our study aimed to assess the correlation between screening and histopathological diagnosis and to predict the specificity and sensitivity of chair-side/field-based assessment of the oral lesion. Materials and methods A total of 40,852 subjects aged between 20 and 60 years were screened in the 1st phase of the study, suspected lesions were stained with toluidine blue (Manufactured by Otto Chemicals private limited, India) at two time points, those who stained positively during the two points were taken up for biopsy. Provisional diagnosis was later correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results Subjects who underwent biopsy had a mean age of (49.01 ± 9.8 years), Leukoplakia (1.5%) was the most common lesion observed among tobacco users, interestingly it had the least correlation (39.6%) in diagnosis, Overall sensitivity (88%) and a positive predictive value (80%) was high for clinical diagnosis of OPMD in our study. Conclusion Correlation of clinical and histopathological diagnosis observed in our study confirms higher yield of true positives while screening in remote and vulnerable populations, which would assure a better quality of life for these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Iyer
- Dental Public Health, Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Ranganathan Kannan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Muhamood Moothedath
- Department of Oral and Dental Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev Balappa Khanagar
- Dental Public Health, Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laliytha Kumar Bijai
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pereira RDPL, de Oliveira JMD, Pauletto P, Munhoz EDA, Silva Guerra EN, Massignan C, De Luca Canto G. Worldwide prevalence of geographic tongue in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3091-3100. [PMID: 36208129 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify the prevalence of geographic tongue in patients >18 years. A systematic literature review was performed in search of population-based observational studies. Searches were performed using five main databases: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; and three gray literature sources: Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. In addition, a manual search in the reference list and consultation with experts on the topic studied were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for prevalence studies. Ratio meta-analyses were performed using JAMOVI. Initially, 3046 studies were identified. After a two-phase selection, 11 studies were included for quantitative synthesis. Two studies were classified as of low methodological quality, five studies as of moderate quality, and four as of high quality. Two types of prevalence were analyzed: by period and point. Three studies were included in the period prevalence meta-analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (Confidence interval [CI]: 0.4%-5.5%, n = 9813). Eight studies were included in the point-prevalence meta-analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (CI: -0.2% to 5.5%, n = 10,967). Although there are phases of exacerbation and remission in geographic tongue, prevalence and period prevalence were similar. Approximately one in 30 adults has a geographic tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Paz Leal Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meller Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pauletto
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carla Massignan
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, University of Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Department of Dentistry, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Zhang C, Li B, Zeng X, Hu X, Hua H. The global prevalence of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2022. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:645. [PMID: 37670255 PMCID: PMC10481497 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence. METHODS The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0. RESULTS We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not. CONCLUSION Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiamei Zeng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - XiaoSheng Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Rahadiani N, Habiburrahman M, Stephanie M, Handjari DR, Krisnuhoni E. Estimated projection of oral squamous cell carcinoma annual incidence from twenty years registry data: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15911. [PMID: 37663292 PMCID: PMC10473041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been well documented in Indonesia. Thus, we aimed to analyze trends and clinicopathological profiles of OSCC cases in Indonesia, focusing on differences between age and sex groups. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia's main referral hospital, analyzing 1,093 registered OSCC cases from 2001 to 2020. Trend analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the annual percentage change (APC) for overall cases and each case group based on age, sex, and anatomical subsites. APC significance was assessed using a Monte Carlo permutation test. The projection of case numbers for the following 5 years (2021-2025) was estimated using linear/non-linear regression analysis and presented as a mathematical function. The significance of the trend slope was measured using an ANOVA test. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC were analyzed according to age and sex, and their comparative analysis was assessed using Chi-square and its alternatives. Results The incidence of OSCC in female patients and in the tongue and buccal mucosa showed a positive trend (APC 2.06%; 3.48%; 8.62%, respectively). Moreover, the incidence of OSCC overall, and in women with OSCC, is projected to increase significantly in the next 5 years following the quadratic model. The mean age of patients was 51.09 ± 14.36 years, with male patients being younger than female patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.15, and 36.5% of these patients were categorized as young (≤45 years old). The tongue was the predominantly affected site. Prominent pathologic characteristics included well-differentiation, keratinization, and grade I of Bryne's (1992) cellular differentiation stage. Most patients presented with advanced staging, lymphovascular invasion, and uninvaded margins. Tumor sites and staging varied according to age, while age and tumor sites differed between sexes. Conclusion The rising incidence trends of OSCC among Indonesian patients, both in the past and projected future, are concerning and warrant attention. Further research into risk factors should be conducted as preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marini Stephanie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Rini Handjari
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ening Krisnuhoni
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yao H, Zhang Q, Song Q, Liu M, Tang G. Characteristics of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Their Association With Socioeconomic Status and Systemic Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Consecutively Collected Oral Medicine Clinic Data in a Remote Rural Area of China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:897814. [PMID: 35677771 PMCID: PMC9168324 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.897814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) are required to develop practical oral care policies. However, limited data are available for rural areas in China. We aimed to estimate the spectrum and frequency of OMLs and to identify their associated socioeconomic status (SES) and systemic health in a remote rural area in Yunnan, China. Methods We screened patients for OMLs in an oral medicine clinic in rural Yunnan, China, from August 2020 to February 2021. OMLs were documented. SES, including the highest education level achieved and the previous month's household income, as well as the patient's systemic health, including a history of smoking, alcohol use, and chronic disease, were obtained from the Medical History/Health Questionnaire Form and patient medical records. Results A total of 146 patients were found to have OMLs. The most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer (n = 41, 28.1%), followed by burning mouth syndrome (BMS) (n = 16, 11.0%), viral ulcer (n = 14, 9.6%), and oral lichen planus (OLP) (n = 9, 6.2%). In these patients, the most common chronic diseases were sleep apnea (n = 35, 24.0%), hypertension (n = 23, 15.8%), bronchitis (n = 16, 11.0%), reflux (including gastroesophageal reflux disease) (n = 12, 8.2%), and arthritis (n = 11, 7.5%). On adjusted regression, the patients without chronic diseases had a lower risk of BMS than those with chronic diseases [odds ratio (OR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03–0.9]. Age was an independent protective factor for viral ulcers (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9–1.0). Patients with low-income levels had a lower risk of OLP than those with high-income levels (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05–0.9). Conclusions Our oral medicine clinic data in remote Yunnan, China, showed the most frequent OML was aphthous ulcer, which was followed by BMS, viral ulcer, and OLP. Oral care policies should be prioritized among patients with aphthous ulcer. Preventive strategy of BMS should be targeted to people with chronic disease for health equalities. Therefore, an individualized strategy for interventions of OMLs might be optimal, based on the specific epidemiologic characteristics in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated With Dali University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingshan Liu
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Guoyao Tang
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Spillane NS, Nalven T, Goldstein SC, Schick MR, Kirk-Provencher KT, Jamil A, Weiss NH. Assaultive trauma, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among American Indian adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:815-824. [PMID: 35342962 PMCID: PMC9117488 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indian (AI) adolescents report disproportionate higher rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences than adolescents from other racial/ethnic groups. Trauma exposure is also reported at high rates among AI individuals and likely confers risk for alcohol use. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of assaultive trauma experiences (e.g., physical assault, sexual assault) on alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in AI adolescents. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported data on trauma exposure, alcohol consumption, and lifetime alcohol-related consequences provided by AI 7th to 12th graders residing on or near a reservation (n = 3498, Mage = 14.8; 49.5% female). Institutional Review Boards, tribal authorities, and school boards approved the study protocols prior to beginning data collection. RESULTS Nearly half (49.3%, n = 1498) of AI adolescents reported having experienced at least one assaultive trauma in their lifetime. Those who had experienced assaultive trauma were more likely to report lifetime alcohol use (χ2 = 111.84, p < 0.001) and experienced greater alcohol-related consequences (t(1746) = 12.21, p < 0.001) than those with no assaultive trauma exposure. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that a greater number of assaultive traumatic events was significantly associated with greater odds of lifetime alcohol use (p < 0.001, OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.65, 2.00]) and having experienced a greater number of alcohol-related consequences (b = 0.36, SE = 0.04, t = 16.95, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.31, 0.46]). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study highlight the relevance of exposure to assaultive trauma to AI adolescents' use of alcohol and experiences of alcohol-related consequences. These findings support the need for trauma-informed interventions in addressing alcohol use among AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Silvi C Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Aayma Jamil
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Lin HJ, Wang XL, Tian MY, Li XL, Tan HZ. Betel quid chewing and oral potential malignant disorders and the impact of smoking and drinking: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:3131-3142. [PMID: 35647119 PMCID: PMC9082688 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i10.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a precancerous condition of oral disease. Several studies have found that betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol drinking might be the risk factors of OPMDs. But the relationships of them, especially their interaction are still inconclusive.
AIM To evaluate the relationship between betel quid chewing and OPMDs and to explore the interaction of smoking and alcohol drinking on the relationship.
METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases with items complete until January 2021 for relevant studies. The research data were extracted according to the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess interactions between exposures and OPMDs. Relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) was used to estimate the size of interaction.
RESULTS Nine articles were selected in the final meta-analysis. The results showed that betel quid chewing (pooled OR: 8.70, 95%CI: 5.18-14.61), alcohol consumption (pooled OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.5-2.55), and smoking (pooled OR:4.35, 95%CI: 3.06-6.2) could significantly increase the risk of OPMDs compared to individuals without these behaviors. Smoking and alcohol drinking synergistically increased the association between betel quid chewing and OPMDs (pooled OR(BQ+SM):14.38, 95%CI: 7.14-28.95; pooled OR(BQ+DK): 11.12, 95%CI: 8.00-15.45, respectively). The RERI(BQ+SM) and RERI(BQ+DK) were 2.33 and 1.47, respectively.
CONCLUSION The synergistic effects between smoking/drinking and betel quid highlights the importance of focusing on individuals with multiple exposures. Further study should be conducted to confirm these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Yao H, Song Q, Zhang Q, Tang G, Liu M. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children in Xiangyun of Yunnan, China: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:15. [PMID: 35093135 PMCID: PMC8800258 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in children in a rural area in China as epidemiological data on these conditions from such areas are insufficient.
Methods
A total of 3145 children in Xiangyun of Yunnan were enrolled. A socio-economic questionnaire and a field survey of OMLs were administered. We gathered information on factors (sex, age, caregiver, parental education, and last-month household income) that might be associated with OMLs in these children.
Results
OMLs in children in Xiangyun of Yunnan had a prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI; 1.3–2.3%). The most prevalent OML was oral ulcer (n = 11; 18.3%), followed by linea alba (n = 10; 16.7%), whereas the least prevalent OMLs were frenal tag (n = 1; 1.7%) and herpes labialis (n = 1; 1.7%). On unadjusted or adjusted regression, school-aged children had about 50% lower risk of OMLs than preschoolers.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that the prevalence of OMLs in Xiangyun of Yunnan is lower than previously reported. Additionally, the age might be associated with the occurrence of OMLs in children in Xiangyun of Yunnan, China.
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Hoes L, Dok R, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Ethanol-Induced Cell Damage Can Result in the Development of Oral Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153846. [PMID: 34359747 PMCID: PMC8345464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption is linked to 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide. Despite this clear causal relationship, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ethanol damages cells are still under investigation. It is well-established that the metabolism of ethanol plays an important role. Ethanol metabolism yields reactive metabolites that can directly damage the DNA. If the damage is repaired incorrectly, mutations can be fixed in the DNA sequence. Whenever mutations affect key regulatory genes, for instance cell cycle regulating genes, uncontrolled cell growth can be the consequence. Recently, global patterns of mutations have been identified. These so-called mutational signatures represent a fingerprint of the different mutational processes over time. Interestingly, there were ethanol-related signatures discovered that did not associate with ethanol metabolism. This finding highlights there might be other molecular effects of ethanol that are yet to be discovered. Abstract Alcohol consumption is an underestimated risk factor for the development of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Although alcohol is a well-accepted recreational drug, 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide are related to heavy drinking. Molecular mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic effect of ethanol are still under investigation. An important damaging effect comes from the first metabolite of ethanol, being acetaldehyde. Concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in the oral cavity are relatively high due to the metabolization of ethanol by oral microbes. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the DNA by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts and interstrand crosslinks. Additionally, ethanol is known to affect epigenetic methylation and acetylation patterns, which are important regulators of gene expression. Ethanol-induced hypomethylation can activate the expression of oncogenes which subsequently can result in malignant transformation. The recent identification of ethanol-related mutational signatures emphasizes the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. However, not all signatures associated with alcohol intake also relate to acetaldehyde. This finding highlights that there might be other effects of ethanol yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1634-7600; Fax: +32-1634-7623
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The effect of acculturation and harm beliefs on medication adherence on Middle Eastern hypertensive refugees and migrants in Australia. Int J Clin Pharm 2021; 43:1283-1292. [PMID: 33660193 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Different populations have different levels of acculturation, and beliefs about medications. Little is known about the differences between refugees and migrants regarding these various beliefs. Adherence to medications is influenced by many factors, including individuals' characteristics, acculturation, and their perceptions about medications. Having a thorough understanding of these beliefs contributes to understanding medication adherence in refugee and migrant populations. Objectives To evaluate the differences between Middle Eastern refugees and migrants in Australia regarding acculturation, beliefs about medications, and medication adherence, and to evaluate the association of acculturation and beliefs about medications and natural remedies with medication adherence. Setting Participants were recruited from various community groups and English language learning centres in Australia. Arabic Facebook community groups were also used to recruit participants for this study. Method A total of 320 Middle Eastern refugees and migrants with hypertension completed Arabic or English versions of the general Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ)-harm scale, a question about beliefs in natural remedies, six items about acculturation and the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Two models of multiple mediation were applied. The first model examined the role of acculturation, length of residency, beliefs about natural remedies, and harm beliefs as mediators between migration status and medication adherence. The second model identified the role of acculturation, and beliefs about natural remedies as mediators between migration status and medication harm beliefs. Main outcome measure Medication adherence, harm beliefs about medication, acculturation, and beliefs about natural remedies. In addition, the differences between refugees and migrants regarding these beliefs and medication adherence. Results Differences were found between refugees and migrants for medication adherence and medication beliefs. Refugees were likely to have more harm beliefs towards medicine and were less acculturated than migrants (p = 0.0001). They were also less likely to adhere to medications (p = 0.0001), and perceived natural remedies to be safer than Western medications (p = 0.0001). Perceiving medications as harmful substances, and beliefs in natural remedies were mediators in the relationship between migration status and medication adherence. Beliefs in natural remedies and acculturation were mediators in the relationship between migration status and harm beliefs. Conclusion Beliefs about medications and natural remedies, and acculturation in refugees and migrants need to be better understood to enhance medication adherence and potentially overall health outcomes.
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Li C, Tang X, Zheng X, Ge S, Wen H, Lin X, Chen Z, Lu L. Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:172-181. [PMID: 31895418 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Integrated information on the global prevalence and incidence of oral lichen planus (OLP) is lacking. Objective To examine the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources A systematic review of population-based studies and clinic-based studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of OLP was performed using 3 electronic medical databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and MEDLINE) from their inception to March 2019. The search terms included "(lichen planus or LP) and (prevalence or incidence or epidemiology)." No language restriction was applied. Study Selection Observational descriptive studies investigating the prevalence and incidence of OLP were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by continent, sex, and other characteristics. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the prevalence (with 95% CIs) of OLP among the overall population and among subgroups. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results Among 46 studies, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLP was 0.89% (95% CI, 0.38%-2.05%) among the general population (n = 462 993) and 0.98% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.43%) among clinical patients (n = 191 963). Among the 15 population-based studies, the prevalence of OLP was 0.57% (95% CI, 0.15%-2.18%) in Asia, 1.68% (95% CI, 1.09%-2.58%) in Europe, and 1.39% (95% CI, 0.58%-3.28%) in South America. Among the 31 clinic-based studies, the prevalence was 1.43% (95% CI, 1.12%-1.83%) in Africa, 0.87% (95% CI, 0.61%-1.25%) in Asia, 1.03% (95% CI, 0.51%-2.09%) in Europe, 0.11% (95% CI, 0.07%-0.16%) in North America, and 3.18% (95% CI, 0.97%-9.95%) in South America. The pooled prevalence of OLP by sex was 1.55% (95% CI, 0.83%-2.89%) for women and 1.11% (95% CI, 0.57%-2.14%) for men in the population-based studies and 1.69% (95% CI, 1.05%-2.70%) for women and 1.09% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.77%) for men in the clinic-based studies. In 5 clinic-based studies providing the age distribution of patients with OLP, the prevalence by age was 0.62% (95% CI, 0.33%-1.13%) among patients younger than 40 years and 1.90% (95% CI, 1.16%-3.10%) among patients 40 years and older. Conclusions and Relevance This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of OLP was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. A higher prevalence of OLP was found in non-Asian countries, among women, and among people 40 years and older. The findings should be considered with caution because of the high heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Ge
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hu Y, Zhong R, Li H, Zou Y. Effects of Betel Quid, Smoking and Alcohol on Oral Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Hunan Province, China. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1501-1508. [PMID: 32569534 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1750031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of betel quid chewing is associated with a serious burden of oral diseases. However, there is limitertd research on the effects of betel quid, smoking, and alcohol on oral cancer in the Hunan province, China. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between oral cancer and betel quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption in the betel quid endemic area of Hunan province. Methods: A paired case-control study from January 2014 to September 2015 was conducted in the Hunan province, China. We recruited 304 oral cancer patients and 304 controls as subjects, and both groups were treated in the same provincial cancer hospital. Control subjects and cancer patients were matched by sex, age (3-year groups), education level, and residential district. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between oral cancer and betel quid, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results: A significantly increased risk of oral cancer was associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing (odds ratio [OR] of 1.49, 1.56, and 5.80, respectively; p < .05). The risk of cancer was significantly elevated at high levels of intake and prolonged duration of consumption of betel quid, smoking, and alcohol. After adjusting for confounders, betel quid chewers were found to have almost 5 times increased risk for oral cancer (OR = 5.41, 95% confidence interval: 3.32-8.80, p < .001). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between betel quid chewing and risk of oral cancer in the Hunan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Hu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanhui Zou
- Department of Health Service Centre, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Gunjal S, Pateel DGS, Yang YH, Doss JG, Bilal S, Maling TH, Mehrotra R, Cheong SC, Zain RBM. An Overview on Betel Quid and Areca Nut Practice and Control in Selected Asian and South East Asian Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1533-1544. [PMID: 32569533 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1657149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Areca nut (AN) and betel quid (BQ) chewing are ancient practices followed by an extensive proportion of the world's population. These practices are endemic in larger parts of South and Southeast Asia and selected Western Pacific countries. The prevalence of these habits varies across regions, age, gender, cultural practice, and socioeconomic status groups. Considerable variations exist between countries with respect to prevention/intervention programs, and policy guidelines of BQ usage. Objectives: (1) To provide an overview of the BQ chewing prevalence, practices, preventive interventions and policies in selected Asian and Western Pacific countries. (2) To explore the different terminologies associated with BQ use. Method: A narrative review of the current literature related to BQ, AN, and oral cancer was conducted by searching PUBMED, CINAHL, and GOOGLE databases. Results: The literature review revealed that the prevalence of BQ was found to be highest in Papua New Guinea, followed by Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. While, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Taiwan had comparatively lower prevalence. Smokeless tobacco, BQ with tobacco, BQ without tobacco, AN were some of the terminologies used for BQ in various studies. Conclusions: The prevalence, and the interventional policies related to BQ and AN chewing habits varies widely among the selected countries. With the increasing awareness and association of BQ with oral cancer, there is a need to have better awareness, prevention and interventional strategies in place. We also found considerable variation in the use of terminologies associated with BQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gunjal
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Geraldine Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Department of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, WHO-FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, Noida, National Capital Region, India
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Mohd Zain
- Department of Oral Pathology Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Airlangga, Suarabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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14
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da Silva KD, O. da Rosa WL, Sarkis‐Onofre R, Aitken-Saavedra JP, Demarco FF, Correa MB, Tarquinio SBC. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in population‐based studies: A systematic review of the methodological aspects. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47:431-440. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine D. da Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio F. Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Marcos B. Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Doss JG, Ramanathan A, Tahir Z, Ridzuan NA, Edgar S, Zain RB. Mouth self-examination as a screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders among a high-risk Indigenous population. J Public Health Dent 2019; 79:222-230. [PMID: 30848842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of mouth self-examination (MSE) as a self-screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions among an Indigenous population in Malaysia at high risk for oral premalignant and malignant disorders. METHODS Two villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities. Education on oral cancer, including MSE, was provided. Subsequently, respondents were asked to perform MSE. Finally, a clinical oral examination (COE) was done by a specialist and the presence of oral mucosal lesions was recorded. RESULTS Almost 64.5 percent of respondents exhibited high levels of difficulty and low mucosal visualization and retracting ability, whereas 3.0 percent demonstrated high attention level when performing MSE. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 59.0 percent, whereas the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) was 9.0 percent. Detection of oral lesions by respondents using MSE was lower than detection by the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of MSE for detection of all types of lesions were 8.6 and 95.0 percent respectively. When analyzing each lesion type separately, MSE was found to be most sensitive in detection of swellings (10.0 percent), and most specific in identifying white lesions (97.8 percent). For detection of OPMDs, although specificity was high (98.9 percent), sensitivity (0 percent), and +LR (0) was poor. CONCLUSION MSE is not an effective self-screening tool for early detection of potentially malignant lesions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ishak Abdul Razak
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Geraldine Doss
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Tahir
- Pejabat Pergigian Kota Belud, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Anis Ridzuan
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzanna Edgar
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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16
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Prevalence and Distribution of Oral Mucosal Lesions by Sex and Age Categories: A Retrospective Study of Patients Attending Lebanese School of Dentistry. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:4030134. [PMID: 29887889 PMCID: PMC5985080 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in a sample of Lebanese population attending the School of Dentistry of Lebanese University is necessary to evaluate their oral health situation. Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions of patients attending the School of Dentistry. Methods A descriptive study was carried out by retrospectively examining a total of 231 medical and clinical examination record files of patients, attending the School of Dentistry Lebanese University for multidisciplinary dental treatments. 178 medical records were retained. Each medical and clinical examination record was done by an undergraduate student and then evaluated by a doctor. The record file included a civil status, chief complaint, medical history, and extraoral and intraoral clinical examination during the period between October 2014 and May 2015. Exclusion criteria were lack of written information in their medical and clinical examination record and being nonevaluated by a doctor. Data regarding age, gender, socioeconomic status, chief complaint, systemic diseases, and drugs intake were collected by using a questionnaire while the type of extraoral and oral mucosal lesions by clinical examination. Results The sample consisted of 102 (57.3%) females and 76 (42.7%) males. The age ranged from 10 to 92 years with a mean age of 40.1 years. Among these subjects, 110 (61.8%) presented with one or more lesions. All patients were Lebanese. The most common lesion diagnosed was coated/hairy tongue affecting 17.4% of the subjects, followed by melanotic macule (11.2%), gingivitis (9.6), linea alba (6.2%), tongue depapillation (5.1), leukoplakia (5.1), traumatic fibroma (4.5), frictional keratosis (3.9%), fissured tongue (3.9%), hemangiomas (3.9%), Fordyce granules (3.9%), dry mucosa (3.4), angular cheilitis (2.2), gingival hyperplasia (2.2), and crenulated tongue (1.7%). Overall, the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions did not significantly differ between sex and age groups. Conclusions The high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions necessitates adequate awareness and management of these lesions in the general population. Dental clinicians should be knowledgeable and familiar with the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these lesions.
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Adverse Health Effects of Betel Quid and the Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3904098. [PMID: 29376073 PMCID: PMC5742426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3904098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) but also to cause other cancers and adverse health effects. Herein, we summarized the international comparison data to aid in the understanding of the close relationship between the prevalence of BQ chewing, the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers, and adverse health effects. Potential biomarkers of BQ carcinogens, such as areca nut, alkaloids, and 3-methylnitrosaminopropionitrile (MNPN), are closely associated with human health toxicology. Molecular mechanisms or pathways involving autophagy, hypoxia, COX-2, NF-κB activity, and stemness are known to be induced by BQ ingredients and are very closely related to the carcinogenesis of cancers of oral and pharynx. BQ abuse-related monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene was associated with the occurrence and progress of oral and pharyngeal cancers. In summary, our review article provides important insights into the potential roles of environmental BQ (specific alkaloid biomarkers and nitrosamine products MNPN) and genetic factors (MAO) and offers a basis for studies aiming to reduce or eliminate BQ-related OPMD and oral/pharyngeal cancer incidences in the future.
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Javed F, ALHarthi SS, BinShabaib MS, Gajendra S, Romanos GE, Rahman I. Toxicological impact of waterpipe smoking and flavorings in the oral cavity and respiratory system. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:389-396. [PMID: 29039225 PMCID: PMC5927775 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1384084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking (WS), an emerging trend has major health concerns. It is prevalent worldwide as a recreational activity both indoors and outdoors. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of waterpipe smoke on the oral and respiratory system (oral cavity and pulmonary tissues). A number of studies have shown that periodontal health status is compromised in waterpipe smokers when compared with nonsmokers. Some studies have associated WS with oral premalignant and malignant lesions; however, due to the poor quality of these studies, the presented outcomes should be interpreted with caution. Although cigarette smoking has been considered as a potential risk factor for dental caries; there are no studies in indexed literature that have shown an association to exist between dental caries and WS. Inhaled waterpipe smoke imposes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and compromises the ventilatory capacity of the lungs and may lead to an increased risk of decline in lung function. WS may cause oral and pulmonary diseases, such as periodontal disease and chronic obstructive airway disease, respectively. The association between WS and development of dental caries and oral pre-cancer and their relationships with chronic airways disease requires investigations. This review discusses the current evidence of waterpipe smoke effects on the oral health and respiratory system based on basic and clinical science and provides future directions for research and regulatory science on how WS can affect the oral cavity and the respiratory/pulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Saleh BinShabaib
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangeeta Gajendra
- Department of Community Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Cheong SC, Vatanasapt P, Yi-Hsin Y, Zain RB, Kerr AR, Johnson NW. Oral cancer in South East Asia. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17702921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Patravoot Vatanasapt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cancer Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yang Yi-Hsin
- Statistical Analysis Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rosnah B Zain
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Tsai KY, Su CC, Chiang CT, Tseng YT, Lian IB. Environmental heavy metal as a potential risk factor for the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders in central Taiwan. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 47:118-124. [PMID: 28259083 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral cancer (OC) is a leading cause of death from cancer in men between the ages of 25 and 44 years in Taiwan. The overall 5-year survival rates for the four OC stages (I-IV) in Taiwan are approximately 70%, 30%, 20%, and 10%, respectively, indicating the importance of the early diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Previous studies indicated an association between the OC incidence and certain environmental heavy metal concentrations. If these associations do exist for OC, they may also be observed for OPMD. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between the development of OPMD to OC and environmental heavy metals. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) are two major types of OPMD in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted by Changhua Christian Hospital, the sole medical center in Changhua County, where 2725 male adult patients diagnosed with either OSF or OL between 2000 and 2014 were recruited. Data were analyzed by Cox regression and adjusted for smoking and betel-quid chewing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OPMD patients who resided in areas with high nickel concentrations (polluted levels) exhibited hazard ratios of 1.8-2 for OC relative to those who lived in areas with low nickel levels (P<0.01). Meanwhile, smokers with OPMDs had a hazard ratio of 2.8-2.9 relative to non-smokers. Betel-quid chewers had a 2.2-2.3 hazard ratio relative to non-chewers. Smoking, betel-quid chewing, and environmental nickel exposure are associated with an increased risk of OC development in OPMD patients. This study provides valuable findings on the environmental effects of heavy metals on human health. Enhanced surveillance of the condition of OPMD patients who have been exposed to high nickel concentrations may be crucial for OC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135, Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chun Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135, Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Chiang
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ie-Bin Lian
- Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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