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Rush RE, Blackwood CB, Lemons AR, Dannemiller KC, Green BJ, Croston TL. Persisting Cryptococcus yeast species Vishniacozyma victoriae and Cryptococcus neoformans elicit unique airway inflammation in mice following repeated exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1067475. [PMID: 36864880 PMCID: PMC9971225 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic airway disease (AAD) is a growing concern in industrialized nations and can be influenced by fungal exposures. Basidiomycota yeast species such as Cryptococcus neoformans are known to exacerbate allergic airway disease; however, recent indoor assessments have identified other Basidiomycota yeasts, including Vishniacozyma victoriae (syn. Cryptococcus victoriae), to be prevalent and potentially associated with asthma. Until now, the murine pulmonary immune response to repeated V. victoriae exposure was previously unexplored. Objective This study aimed to compare the immunological impact of repeated pulmonary exposure to Cryptococcus yeasts. Methods Mice were repeatedly exposed to an immunogenic dose of C. neoformans or V. victoriae via oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to examine airway remodeling, inflammation, mucous production, cellular influx, and cytokine responses at 1 day and 21 days post final exposure. The responses to C. neoformans and V. victoriae were analyzed and compared. Results Following repeated exposure, both C. neoformans and V. victoriae cells were still detectable in the lungs 21 days post final exposure. Repeated C. neoformans exposure initiated myeloid and lymphoid cellular infiltration into the lung that worsened over time, as well as an IL-4 and IL-5 response compared to PBS-exposed controls. In contrast, repeated V. victoriae exposure induced a strong CD4+ T cell-driven lymphoid response that started to resolve by 21 days post final exposure. Discussion C. neoformans remained in the lungs and exacerbated the pulmonary immune responses as expected following repeated exposure. The persistence of V. victoriae in the lung and strong lymphoid response following repeated exposure were unexpected given its lack of reported involvement in AAD. Given the abundance in indoor environments and industrial utilization of V. victoriae, these results highlight the importance to investigate the impact of frequently detected fungal organisms on the pulmonary response following inhalational exposure. Moreover, it is important to continue to address the knowledge gap involving Basidiomycota yeasts and their impact on AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Rush
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Catherine B. Blackwood
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Angela R. Lemons
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brett J. Green
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Tara L. Croston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Li H, Miao MX, Jia CL, Cao YB, Yan TH, Jiang YY, Yang F. Interactions between Candida albicans and the resident microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930495. [PMID: 36204612 PMCID: PMC9531752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prevalent, opportunistic human fungal pathogen. It usually dwells in the human body as a commensal, however, once in its pathogenic state, it causes diseases ranging from debilitating superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. The switch from harmless colonizer to virulent pathogen is, in most cases, due to perturbation of the fungus-host-microbiota interplay. In this review, we focused on the interactions between C. albicans and the host microbiota in the mouth, gut, blood, and vagina. We also highlighted important future research directions. We expect that the evaluation of these interplays will help better our understanding of the etiology of fungal infections and shed new light on the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-xing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-lin Jia
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Tian-hua Yan,
| | - Yuan-ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yuan-ying Jiang,
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Feng Yang,
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3
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Different Airway Inflammatory Phenotypes Correlate with Specific Fungal and Bacterial Microbiota in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2177884. [PMID: 35310604 PMCID: PMC8933093 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2177884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of chronic airway inflammatory diseases have increasingly focused on airway microbiota. However, the microbiota characteristics of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different airway inflammatory phenotypes remain unclear. Objective We aimed to reveal the differences of fungal and bacterial microbiota between eosinophilic asthma (EA) and noneosinophilic asthma (NEA) patients and between eosinophilic COPD (EC) and noneosinophilic COPD (NEC) patients. Further, explore whether similarities exist in the airway microbiota of patients with the same phenotype. Methods Induced sputum samples were collected from 45 asthma subjects and 39 COPD subjects. The airway microbiota of the subjects was profiled by nearly full-length 16S rRNA and internal transcribed space (ITS) sequencing. Results Subjects with eosinophilic phenotype (EA and EC) showed significant differences in both fungal and bacterial microbiota compared to the corresponding subjects with noneosinophilic phenotype (NEA and NEC). In addition, no differences were observed between the fungal microbiota of subjects with the same phenotype (EA vs. EC, NEA vs. NEC). In bacterial microbiota, the greater relative abundance of Streptococcus thermophilus was observed in EA and EC subjects, while Ochrobactrum was enriched in NEA and NEC subjects. In fungal microbiota, the EA and EC subjects showed higher relative abundances of Aspergillus and Bjerkandera, while the NEA and NEC subjects were enriched in Rhodotorula and Papiliotrema. Conclusions Different airway inflammatory phenotypes were related to specific fungal and bacterial microbiota in both asthma and COPD, while the same airway inflammatory phenotype revealed a degree of similarity in airway microbiota, particularly in fungal microbiota.
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Rush RE, Dannemiller KC, Cochran SJ, Haines SR, Acosta L, Divjan A, Rundle AG, Miller RL, Perzanowski MS, Croston TL, Green BJ. Vishniacozyma victoriae (syn. Cryptococcus victoriae) in the homes of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in New York City. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:48-59. [PMID: 34091598 PMCID: PMC10032026 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor environments contain a broad diversity of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota yeasts, but their role in exacerbating adverse health effects has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To understand the role of Vishniacozyma victoriae exposure and its impact on human health. METHODS A qPCR assay was developed to detect and quantify an abundant indoor yeast species, Vishniacozyma victoriae (syn. Cryptococcus victoriae), from homes participating in the New York City Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study (NAAS). We evaluated the associations between V. victoriae, housing characteristics, and asthma relevant health endpoints. RESULTS V. victoriae was quantified in 236 of the 256 bedroom floor dust samples ranging from less than 300-45,918 cell equivalents/mg of dust. Higher concentrations of V. victoriae were significantly associated with carpeted bedroom floors (P = 0.044), mean specific humidity (P = 0.004), winter (P < 0.0001) and spring (P = 0.001) seasons, and the presence of dog (P = 0.010) and dog allergen Can f 1 (P = 0.027). V. victoriae concentrations were lower in homes of children with asthma vs. without asthma (P = 0.027), an association observed only among the non-seroatopic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Rush
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Karen C Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samuel J Cochran
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah R Haines
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luis Acosta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adnan Divjan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Perzanowski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara L Croston
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brett J Green
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Rayens E, Noble B, Vicencio A, Goldman DL, Bunyavanich S, Norris KA. Relationship of Pneumocystis antibody responses to paediatric asthma severity. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e000842. [PMID: 33762359 PMCID: PMC7993353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although asthma is the most commonly diagnosed respiratory disease, its pathogenesis is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A role for the respiratory microbiome in modifying asthma severity has been recently recognised. Airway colonisation by Pneumocystis jirovecii has previously been associated with multiple chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma (SA). Decreased incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected individuals and reduced severity of COPD is associated with naturally occurring antibody responses to the Pneumocystis antigen, Kexin (KEX1). METHODS 104 paediatric patients were screened for KEX1 IgG reciprocal end point titre (RET), including 51 with SA, 20 with mild/moderate asthma, 20 non-asthma and 13 with cystic fibrosis (CF) in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS Patients with SA had significantly reduced Pneumocystis KEX1 titres compared with patients with mild/moderate asthma (p=0.018) and CF (p=0.003). A binary KEX1 RET indicator was determined at a threshold of KEX1 RET=1000. Patients with SA had 4.40 (95% CI 1.28 to 13.25, p=0.014) and 17.92 (95% CI 4.15 to 66.62, p<0.001) times the odds of falling below that threshold compared with mild/moderate asthma and patients with CF, respectively. Moreover, KEX1 IgG RET did not correlate with tetanus toxoid IgG (r=0.21, p=0.82) or total IgE (r=0.03, p=0.76), indicating findings are specific to antibody responses to KEX1. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric patients with SA may be at higher risk for chronic Pneumocystis infections and asthma symptom exacerbation due to reduced levels of protective antibodies. Plasma KEX1 IgG titre may be a useful parameter in determining the clinical course of treatment for paediatric patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rayens
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brenda Noble
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alfin Vicencio
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David L Goldman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen A Norris
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Vakili M, Aliyali M, Mortezaee V, Mahdaviani SA, Poorabdollah M, Mirenayat MS, Fakharian A, Hassanzad M, Abastabar M, Yazdani Charati J, Haghani I, Tavakoli M, Maleki M, Armstrong-James D, Hedayati MT. Relationship between spirometry results and colonisation of Aspergillus species in allergic asthma. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:748-757. [PMID: 32216055 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Exposure to fungi in patients with asthma leads to the release of various fungal antigens, which can increase the severity of asthma. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the colonisation of Aspergillus species and spirometry results in allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred sixteen patients with mild to severe asthma and 30 healthy controls were included. All participants underwent pulmonary function tests. Furthermore, sputum samples were collected from each subject. Each sputum sample was subjected to direct microscopic examination and fungal culture. All cultured Aspergillus colonies were identified at species level by molecular methods. Finally, all available data from sputum culture and spirometry test were analysed. RESULTS Out of 216 sputum samples, 145 (67.1%) were positive for fungal growth. Furthermore, out of 264 grown fungal colonies, 137 (51.9%) were Aspergillus species. Among the Aspergillus isolates, A. flavus (29.2%) was the most prevalent species, followed by A. fumigatus (27.7%). The mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in the mild, moderate and severe asthmatic patients with a positive sputum culture for fungi were obtained as 90.0 ± 11.1, 71.1 ± 15.9 and 54.9 ± 16.4, respectively. In general, Aspergillus species colonisation had no statistically significant effect on spirometry results of study patients. CONCLUSION Our results showed that there is no difference in the FEV1 and forced vital capacity between Aspergillus positive and negative patients in any asthma severity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Aliyali
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vida Mortezaee
- Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Paediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Poorabdollah
- Paediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirenayat
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NIRTLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassanzad
- Paediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Statistic, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahin Tavakoli
- Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maedeh Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Darius Armstrong-James
- Fungal Pathogens Laboratory, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Badolati I, Sverremark-Ekström E, van der Heiden M. Th9 cells in allergic diseases: A role for the microbiota? Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12857. [PMID: 31811655 PMCID: PMC7154783 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery about 10 years ago, Th9 cells have been increasingly linked to allergic pathologies. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge on associations between Th9 cells and allergic diseases and acknowledge Th9 cells as important targets in future treatment of allergic diseases. However, until today, it is not fully understood how these Th9 cell responses are modulated. We describe current literature suggesting that these Th9 cell responses might be stimulated by microbial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, while on the other hand, microbial and dietary compounds such as retinoic acid (RA), butyrate and vitamin D show suppressive capacity on allergy‐related Th9 responses. By reviewing this recent research, we provide new insights into the modulating capacity of the microbiota on Th9 cell responses. Consequently, microbial and dietary factors may be used as innovative tools to target Th9 cells in the treatment of allergic diseases. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these interactions in order to translate this knowledge into clinical allergy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Badolati
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sharma A, Laxman B, Naureckas ET, Hogarth DK, Sperling AI, Solway J, Ober C, Gilbert JA, White SR. Associations between fungal and bacterial microbiota of airways and asthma endotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1214-1227.e7. [PMID: 31279011 PMCID: PMC6842419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between asthma, atopy, and underlying type 2 (T2) airway inflammation is complex. Although the bacterial airway microbiota is known to differ in asthmatic patients, the fungal and bacterial markers that discriminate T2-high (eosinophilic) and T2-low (neutrophilic/mixed-inflammation) asthma and atopy are still incompletely identified. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate the fungal microbiota structure of airways in asthmatic patients associated with T2 inflammation, atopy, and key clinical parameters. METHODS We collected endobronchial brush (EB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 39 asthmatic patients and 19 healthy subjects followed by 16S gene and internal transcribed spacer-based microbiota sequencing. The microbial sequences were classified into exact sequence variants. The T2 phenotype was defined by using a blood eosinophil count with a threshold of 300 cells/μL. RESULTS Fungal diversity was significantly lower in EB samples from patients with T2-high compared with T2-low inflammation; key fungal genera enriched in patients with T2-high inflammation included Trichoderma species, whereas Penicillium species was enriched in patients with atopy. In BAL fluid samples the dominant genera were Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Using generalized linear models, we identified significant associations between specific fungal exact sequence variants and FEV1, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values, BAL fluid cell counts, and corticosteroid use. Investigation of interkingdom (bacterial-fungal) co-occurrence patterns revealed different topologies between asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects. Random forest models with fungal classifiers predicted asthma status with 75% accuracy for BAL fluid samples and 80% accuracy for EB samples. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate clear differences in bacterial and fungal microbiota in asthma-associated phenotypes. Our study provides additional support for considering microbial signatures in delineating asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Biosciences Division (BIO), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill; Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Bharathi Laxman
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Edward T Naureckas
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - D Kyle Hogarth
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julian Solway
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Biosciences Division (BIO), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill; Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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9
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Almeida MC, Antunes D, Silva BMA, Rodrigues L, Mota M, Borges O, Fernandes C, Gonçalves T. Early Interaction of Alternaria infectoria Conidia with Macrophages. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:383-392. [PMID: 31183740 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous indoor and outdoor airborne agents, and individuals are daily exposed to their spores. Although its importance in human infections and, particularly in respiratory allergies, there are no studies of how Alternaria spp. spores interact with host cells. Our aim was to study the early interaction of Alternaria infectoria spores with macrophages, the first line of immune defense. RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with A. infectoria conidia, and the internalization and viability of conidia once inside the macrophages were quantified during the first 6 h of interaction. Live cell imaging was used to study the dynamics of this interaction. TNF-α production was quantified by relative gene expression, and the concentration of other cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF and INF-γ) and a chemokine, MIP-1α, was quantified by ELISA. Conidia were rapidly internalized by macrophages, with approximately half internalized after 30 min of interaction. During the first 6 h of interaction, macrophages retained the ability to mitotically divide while containing internalized conidia. The classical macrophage-activated morphology was absent in macrophages infected with conidia, and TNF-α and other cytokines and chemokines failed to be produced. Thus, macrophages are able to efficiently phagocyte A. infectoria conidia, but, during the first 6 h, no effective antifungal response is triggered, therefore promoting the residence of these fungal conidia inside the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - D Antunes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B M A Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Mota
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - O Borges
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Gonçalves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Schirbel A, Shouval DS, Hebecker B, Hube B, Sturm A, Werner L. Intestinal epithelial cells and T cells differentially recognize and respond toCandida albicansyeast and hypha. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1826-1837. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schirbel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Campus Mitte; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Dror S. Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital; Sheba Medical Center; Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology; Hans Knoell Institute; Jena Germany
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology; University of Aberdeen
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology; Hans Knoell Institute; Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Andreas Sturm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Campus Mitte; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology; DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend. Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Charité; Berlin Germany
| | - Lael Werner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Campus Mitte; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital; Sheba Medical Center; Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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11
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Goldman DL, Chen Z, Shankar V, Tyberg M, Vicencio A, Burk R. Lower airway microbiota and mycobiota in children with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:808-811.e7. [PMID: 29031597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Viswanathan Shankar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Michael Tyberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
| | - Alfin Vicencio
- Department of Pediatrics, the Cohen's Children Medical Center, Queens, NY
| | - Robert Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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12
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Reynolds LA, Finlay BB. Early life factors that affect allergy development. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:518-528. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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An C, Yamamoto N. Fungal compositions and diversities on indoor surfaces with visible mold growths in residential buildings in the Seoul Capital Area of South Korea. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:714-723. [PMID: 26509799 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Indoor visible mold growths are known to be associated with allergies and respiratory illnesses. However, a question remains of their compositions and diversities. Using swab sampling and high-throughput DNA sequencing, this study analyzed taxonomic compositions and diversities of fungi on indoor surfaces laden with visible mold growths in residential apartments in South Korea. The sequencing results showed low species diversities with Shannon indices ranging from 0.14 to 2.29 (mean = 1.11). Several allergy-related genera were detected on the same surface, where the most abundant Cladosporium with a mean relative abundance of 41% co-occurred with less abundant Aspergillus (0.094%), Rhodotorula (6.3%), Cryptococcus (3.7%), Alternaria (4.1%), and Crivellia (17%). β diversity analyses showed significant differences in the fungal communities between enclosed balconies and other indoor areas (P < 0.05, ANOSIM), emphasizing a need to sample at multiple indoor locations when assessments are made for indoor visible mold growths. High-throughput sequencing is powerful in characterizing compositions and diversities of fungal communities. Future studies should examine the relationships between taxonomic compositions and diversities of indoor visible molds and health outcomes of allergies and respiratory illnesses in residential buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C An
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Grahnert A, Müller U, von Buttlar H, Treudler R, Alber G. Analysis of asthma patients for cryptococcal seroreactivity in an urban German area. Med Mycol 2015; 53:576-86. [PMID: 26026172 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lung inflammation and meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients but is also able to asymptomatically infect immunocompetent individuals. C. neoformans is found ubiquitously especially in urban areas where it is spread by pigeons, and fungal exposure may predispose for asthma development already at an early age, as soon as confronted with pigeon droppings. In the study presented here, we investigated the presence of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) against C. neoformans in sera from patients suffering from asthma in comparison to a healthy control cohort, accrued from the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE). For serological analysis we developed a flow cytometry (FACS) based assay specific for an acapsular strain of C. neoformans to comprehensively analyze different cryptococcal serotypes. Compared with the non-asthmatic cohort, asthmatics exhibited, as expected, an elevated level of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), whereas the IgG seroreactivity against C. neoformans was not significantly different among the two groups (P = .118). Nevertheless, there was a trend toward increased Cryptococcus-specific IgG antibodies in the serum of asthmatics. Additionally, in male asthmatics an increased IgG-mediated seroreactivity compared to female asthmatics was found. This points to a higher prevalence of subclinical C. neoformans infection in male asthmatics and may support the hypothesis of C. neoformans as a risk factor for the development of asthma in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grahnert
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiner von Buttlar
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Dannemiller KC, Mendell MJ, Macher JM, Kumagai K, Bradman A, Holland N, Harley K, Eskenazi B, Peccia J. Next-generation DNA sequencing reveals that low fungal diversity in house dust is associated with childhood asthma development. INDOOR AIR 2014; 24:236-47. [PMID: 24883433 PMCID: PMC4048861 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dampness and visible mold in homes are associated with asthma development, but causal mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of this research was to explore associations among measured dampness, fungal exposure, and childhood asthma development without the bias of culture-based microbial analysis. In the low-income, Latino CHAMACOS birth cohort, house dust was collected at age 12 months, and asthma status was determined at age 7 years.The current analysis included 13 asthma cases and 28 controls. Next-generation DNA sequencing methods quantified fungal taxa and diversity. Lower fungal diversity (number of fungal operational taxonomic units) was significantly associated with increased risk of asthma development: unadjusted odds ratio(OR) 4.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–22.1). Control for potential confounders strengthened this relationship. Decreased diversity within the genus Cryptococcus was significantly associated with increased asthma risk (OR 21.0, 95% CI 2.16–204). No fungal taxon (species, genus, class) was significantly positively associated with asthma development, and one was significantly negatively associated. Elevated moisture was associated with increased fungal diversity, and moisture/mold indicators were associated with four fungal taxa. Next-generation DNA sequencing provided comprehensive estimates of fungal identity and diversity, demonstrating significant associations between low fungal diversity and childhood asthma development in this community. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Early life exposure to low fungal diversity in house dust was associated with increased risk for later asthma developmen tin this low-income, immigrant community. No individual fungal taxon (species, genus, or class) was associated with asthma development, although exposure to low diversity within the genus Cryptococcus was associated with asthma development. Future asthma development studies should incorporate fungal diversity measurements, in addition to measuring individual fungal taxa. These results represent a step toward identifying the aspect(s) of indoor microbial populations that are associated with asthma development and suggest that understanding the factors that control diversity in the indoor environment may lead to public health recommendations for asthma prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark J. Mendell
- Indoor Air Quality Section, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365/EHLB, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Janet M. Macher
- Indoor Air Quality Section, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365/EHLB, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Kazukiyo Kumagai
- Indoor Air Quality Section, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, MS G365/EHLB, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208286, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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16
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Minkiewicz P, Bucholska J, Darewicz M, Borawska J. Epitopic hexapeptide sequences from Baltic cod parvalbumin beta (allergen Gad c 1) are common in the universal proteome. Peptides 2012; 38:105-9. [PMID: 22940202 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of hexapeptide fragments considered as epitopes of Baltic cod parvalbumin beta (allergen Gad c 1) in the universal proteome. Cod (Gadus morhua subsp. callarias) parvalbumin hexapeptides cataloged in the Immune Epitope Database were used as query sequences. The UniProt database was screened using the WU-BLAST 2 program. The distribution of hexapeptide fragments was investigated in various protein families, classified according to the presence of the appropriate domains, and in proteins of plant, animal and microbial species. Hexapeptides from cod parvalbumin were found in the proteins of plants and animals which are food sources, microorganisms with various applications in food technology and biotechnology, microorganisms which are human symbionts and commensals as well as human pathogens. In the last case possible coverage between epitopes from pathogens and allergens should be avoided during vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Minkiewicz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Chair of Food Biochemistry, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
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Sakurai A, Yamaguchi N, Sonoyama K. Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Candida albicans Induce Mast Cell Degranulation in the Gut. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2012; 31:67-70. [PMID: 24936351 PMCID: PMC4034280 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.31.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Candida albicans-induced mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Cell wall fraction but not culture supernatant and cell membrane fraction prepared from hyphally grown C. albicans induced β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell wall mannan and soluble β-glucan fractions also induced β-hexosaminidase release. Histological examination of mouse forestomach showed that C. albicans gut colonization induces mast cell degranulation. However, intragastric administration of cell wall fraction failed to induce mast cell degranulation. We propose that cell wall polysaccharides are responsible for mast cell degranulation in the C. albicans-colonized gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sakurai
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Natsu Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan ; Present address: Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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18
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Del Poeta M, Casadevall A. Ten challenges on Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis. Mycopathologia 2012; 173:303-10. [PMID: 21948062 PMCID: PMC4294698 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis has become a significant public global health problem worldwide. Caused by two species, Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, this life-threatening infection afflicts not only immunocompromised individuals but also apparently immunocompetent subjects. Hence, cryptococcosis should no longer be considered merely an opportunistic infection. In this article, we focus on ten unanswered questions/topics in this field with the hope to stimulate discussion and research on these topics that would lead not only to a better understanding of the physiopathology of this disease but also to a better diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 512A, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 411, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 411, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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19
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Sugita R, Hata E, Miki A, Andoh R, Umeda C, Takemura N, Sonoyama K. Gut Colonization by Candida albicans Inhibits the Induction of Humoral Immune Tolerance to Dietary Antigen in BALB/c Mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2012; 31:77-84. [PMID: 24936353 PMCID: PMC4034285 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.31.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed that gut colonization by Candida albicans
promoted serum antibody response to orally administered ovalbumin in mice. We therefore
postulated that C. albicans affects oral tolerance induction. The present
study tested this idea. BALB/c mice were intragastrically administered with either
C. albicans (1 × 107) or vehicle, and the colonization was
confirmed by weekly fecal cultures. Mice were further divided into two subgroups and
intragastrically administered with either ovalbumin (20 mg) or vehicle for five
consecutive days. Thereafter, all mice were intraperitoneally immunized with ovalbumin in
alum. In mice without C. albicans inoculation, ovalbumin feeding prior to
immunization significantly suppressed the increase in ovalbumin-specific IgE, IgG1 and
IgG2a in sera, suggesting oral tolerance induction. In C.
albicans-inoculated mice, however, the antibody levels were the same between
ovalbumin- and vehicle-fed mice. In contrast, ovalbumin feeding significantly suppressed
cellular immune responses, as evidenced by reduced proliferation of splenocytes
restimulated by ovalbumin ex vivo, in both C.
albicans-inoculated and uninoculated mice. Ex vivo
supplementation with neither heat-killed C. albicans nor the culture
supernatant of C. albicans enhanced the production of ovalbumin-specific
IgG1 in splenocytes restimulated by the antigen. These results suggest that gut
colonization by C. albicans inhibits the induction of humoral immune
tolerance to dietary antigen in mice, whereas C. albicans may not
directly promote antibody production. We therefore propose that C.
albicans gut colonization could be a risk factor for triggering food allergy in
susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sugita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Erina Hata
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miki
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryoko Andoh
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chisato Umeda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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20
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Goldman DL, Li X, Tsirilakis K, Andrade C, Casadevall A, Vicencio AG. Increased chitinase expression and fungal-specific antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 42:523-30. [PMID: 22092749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence highlights the contribution of chitinases and fungal infection to the development of asthma. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize chitinase expression and serological markers of fungal infection in children with severe asthma. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from children undergoing clinically indicated flexible bronchoscopy. A diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by pulmonary function testing. BALF was tested for chitinase activity and YKL-40 (an enzymatically inactive chitinase) concentrations. Specimens were cultured for fungal organisms and tested for cryptococcal antigen by ELISA. IgG and IgA reactivity to whole extract fungal (Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans) proteins were determined by immunoblot assay. RESULTS Among the 37 patients studied, 30 were asthmatic and 7 were non-asthmatic. Asthmatics exhibited elevated serum IgE levels (median: 748 IU/mL, IQR: 219-1765 IU/mL). Chitinase activity was greater in the BALF of asthmatics (mean, 0.85 ± 1.2 U/mL) compared with non-asthmatics (mean: 0.23 ± 0.21 U/mL, P = 0.012). Likewise YKL-40 concentrations were higher in the BALF of asthmatics and correlated with chitinase activity. There was a trend towards increased fungal-specific IgG in the BALF of asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics and for C. albicans this difference reached statistical significance. IgA reactivity to C. neoformans and A. fumigatus was greater in the BALF of asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatic children exhibited increased chitinase activity and increased YKL-40 levels in BALF. Increased IgG and IgA reactivity to fungal proteins in the BALF of asthmatics may reflect a local response to fungal infection. Our findings are consistent with and suggest a role for chitinases in asthma pathogenesis among Bronx children and provide serological evidence of an association between fungal infection and severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Childrens' Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The distal gut and its associated microbiota is a new frontier in the quest to understand human biology and evolution. The renaissance in this field has been partly driven by advances in sequencing technology and also by the application of a variety of 'omic' technologies in a systems biology framework. In the initial stages of understanding what constitutes the gut, culture-independent methods, primarily inventories of 16S rRNA genes, have provided a clear view of the main taxonomic groups of Bacteria in the distal gut and we are now moving towards defining the functions that reside in the distal gut microbiome. This review will explore recent advances in the area of the distal gut and the use of a variety of omic approaches to determine what constitutes this fascinating collection of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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22
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McAlpine SM, Enoksson M, Lunderius-Andersson C, Nilsson G. The effect of bacterial, viral and fungal infection on mast cell reactivity in the allergic setting. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:120-30. [PMID: 21242671 DOI: 10.1159/000323350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their role in allergic inflammation where, upon aggregation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor, they release mediators such as histamine that cause classical allergic symptoms. Mast cells are located in almost all tissues and are especially numerous in organs that interface with the environment. Given this strategic location and the more recent notion that they are endowed with receptors that recognize endogenous and exogenous danger signals such as pathogens, it is not surprising that they function as important cells in immune surveillance. When mast cells are activated by pathogens they modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. In allergy, infections might cause exacerbation of the allergic reaction by affecting the reactivity of mast cells. With new developments within the field of mast cell biology, we will better understand how mast cells execute their effector functions. This knowledge will also help to improve the management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McAlpine
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Cushion MT, Stringer JR. Stealth and Opportunism: Alternative Lifestyles of Species in the Fungal GenusPneumocystis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2010; 64:431-52. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T. Cushion
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220;
| | - James R. Stringer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560; ,
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24
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Sonoyama K, Miki A, Sugita R, Goto H, Nakata M, Yamaguchi N. Gut colonization by Candida albicans aggravates inflammation in the gut and extra-gut tissues in mice. Med Mycol 2010; 49:237-47. [PMID: 20807027 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.511284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether Candida albicans gut colonization aggravates immune diseases in mice. Chronic and latent C. albicans gut colonization was established by the intragastric inoculation of C. albicans in mice fed as part of a purified diet. Allergic diarrhea was induced by repetitive intragastric administration of ovalbumin in sensitized BALB/c mice. Contact hypersensitivity was evaluated by measuring ear swelling after topical application of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene in NC/Nga mice. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of bovine type-II collagen emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant in DBA/1J mice. C. albicans gut colonization increased the incidence of allergic diarrhea, which was accompanied by gut hyperpermeability, as well as increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon. Contact hypersensitivity was also exacerbated by C. albicans gut colonization, as demonstrated by increased swelling, myeloperoxidase activity, and proinflammatory cytokines in ear auricles. Furthermore, C. albicans gut colonization promoted limb joint inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis, in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. These findings suggest that C. albicans gut colonization in mice aggravates inflammation in allergic and autoimmune diseases, not only in the gut but also in the extra-gut tissues and underscores the necessity of investigating the pathogenic role of C. albicans gut colonization in immune diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Huffnagle
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
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