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Käver L, Hinney A, Rajcsanyi LS, Maier HB, Frieling H, Steiger H, Voelz C, Beyer C, Trinh S, Seitz J. Epigenetic alterations in patients with anorexia nervosa-a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02601-w. [PMID: 38849516 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex metabolic and psychological disorder that is influenced by both heritable genetic components and environmental factors. Exposure to various environmental influences can lead to epigenetically induced changes in gene expression. Epigenetic research in AN is still in its infancy, and studies to date are limited in determining clear, valid links to disease onset and progression are limited. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compile and critically evaluate the available results of epigenetic studies specifically in AN and to provide recommendations for future studies. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed in three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) through May 2023. Twenty-three original papers or conference abstracts on epigenetic studies in AN were collected. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs), which analyze DNA methylation across the genome in patients with AN and identify potential disease-relevant changes in promoter/regulatory regions of genes, are the most promising for future research. To date, five EWASs on AN have been published, suggesting a potential reversibility of malnutrition-induced epigenetic changes once patients recover. Hence, determining differential DNA methylation levels could serve as a biomarker for disease status or early diagnosis and might be involved in disease progression or chronification. For future research, EWASs with a larger sample size, longitudinal study design and uniform methods should be performed to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of AN, the development of individual interventions and a better prognosis for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Käver
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Luisa Sophie Rajcsanyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Benedictine Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Howard Steiger
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Toppino F, Martini M, Longo P, Caldas I, Delsedime N, Lavalle R, Raimondi F, Abbate-Daga G, Panero M. Inpatient treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review of literature. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38767754 PMCID: PMC11106202 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the state-of-the-art inpatient treatment of AN in real-world reports. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on the major medical databases, spanning from January 2011 to October 2023, was performed, using the keywords: "inpatient", "hospitalization" and "anorexia nervosa". Studies on pediatric populations and inpatients in residential facilities were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies (3501 subjects) were included, and nine themes related to the primary challenges faced in hospitalization settings were selected. About 81.48% of the studies detailed the clinical team, 51.85% cited the use of a psychotherapeutic model, 25.93% addressed motivation, 100% specified the treatment setting, 66.67% detailed nutrition and refeeding, 22.22% cited pharmacological therapy, 40.74% described admission or discharge criteria and 14.81% follow-up, and 51.85% used tests for assessment of the AN or psychopathology. Despite the factors defined by international guidelines, the data were not homogeneous and not adequately defined on admission/discharge criteria, pharmacological therapy, and motivation, while more comprehensive details were available for treatment settings, refeeding protocols, and psychometric assessments. CONCLUSION Though the heterogeneity among the included studies was considered, the existence of sparse criteria, objectives, and treatment modalities emerged, outlining a sometimes ambiguous report of hospitalization practices. Future studies must aim for a more comprehensive description of treatment approaches. This will enable uniform depictions of inpatient treatment, facilitating comparisons across different studies and establishing guidelines more grounded in scientific evidence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Toppino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Longo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Inês Caldas
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nadia Delsedime
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lavalle
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Panero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Himmerich H, Keeler JL, Davies HL, Tessema SA, Treasure J. The evolving profile of eating disorders and their treatment in a changing and globalised world. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00874-2. [PMID: 38705161 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus Himmerich
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Johanna Louise Keeler
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Helena L Davies
- Center for Eating and Feeding Disorders Research, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Janet Treasure
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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4
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Said O, Sengun Filiz E, Stringer D, Applewhite B, Kellermann V, Mutwalli H, Bektas S, Akkese MN, Kumar A, Carter B, Simic M, Sually D, Bentley J, Young AH, Madden S, Byford S, Landau S, Lawrence V, Treasure J, Schmidt U, Nicholls D, Himmerich H. Olanzapine for young PEople with aNorexia nervosa (OPEN): A protocol for an open-label feasibility study. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:532-546. [PMID: 38299859 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antipsychotics are routinely prescribed off-label for anorexia nervosa (AN) despite limited evidence. This article presents a protocol of a study aiming to assess the feasibility of a future definitive trial on olanzapine in young people with AN. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In an open-label, one-armed feasibility study, 55 patients with AN or atypical AN, aged 12-24, receiving outpatient, inpatient or day-care treatment who are considered for olanzapine treatment will be recruited from NHS sites based in England. Assessments will be conducted at screening, baseline and at 8-, 16 weeks, 6- and 12 months. Primary feasibility parameters will be proportions of patients who agree to take olanzapine and who adhere to treatment and complete study assessments. Qualitative methods will be used to explore acceptability of the intervention and study design. Secondary feasibility parameters will be changes in body mass index, psychopathology, side effects, health-related quality of life, carer burden and proportion of participants who would enrol in a future randomised controlled trial. The study is funded by the National Institute for Health Research via Health Technology Assessment programme. DISCUSSION Olanzapine for young PEople with aNorexia nervosa will inform a future randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of prescribing olanzapine in young people with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Said
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ece Sengun Filiz
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic Stringer
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Briana Applewhite
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Kellermann
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hiba Mutwalli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevgi Bektas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melahat Nur Akkese
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Merseyside, UK
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mima Simic
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dilveer Sually
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bentley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sloane Madden
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Byford
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sabine Landau
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Lawrence
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Himmerich H, McElroy SL. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Psychiatry. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 44:207-210. [PMID: 38635918 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
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Hebebrand J, Plieger M, Milos G, Peters T, Hinney A, Antel J. Does hypoleptinemia trigger entrapment in anorexia nervosa? Etiological and clinical considerations. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:557-574. [PMID: 38303556 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Based on the recent observation that human recombinant leptin (r-Met-hu-leptin; metreleptin) may induce a profound alleviation of the complex symptomatology of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we examine the implications for our conceptualisation of this eating disorder. Hypoleptinemia as a core endocrine feature of AN serves as a central and peripheral trigger of tissue-specific adaptations to starvation. In this narrative review, we argue that leptin deficiency may explain many of the puzzling features of this eating disorder. Weight loss can be viewed as a two-step process, with only the second step entailing hypoleptinemia and thereby the entrapment characteristic of AN. We discuss the central and peripheral distribution of leptin receptors and consider possible functional implications of hypoleptinemia. We contrast the slow psychological recovery of patients with AN and of people who experienced starvation upon weight recovery with the rapid onset of improvements upon off-label metreleptin treatment. Characteristics of the sex and age dependent secretion of leptin may contribute to the elevated vulnerability of young females to develop AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Gabriella Milos
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Cortese S, Besag FMC, Clark B, Hollis C, Kilgariff J, Moreno C, Nicholls D, Wilkinson P, Woodbury-Smith M, Sharma A. Common pitfalls, and how to avoid them, in child and adolescent psychopharmacology: Part II. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:318-323. [PMID: 38494873 PMCID: PMC11010553 DOI: 10.1177/02698811241239596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
As Faculty of the British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology, we present here what we deem are the most common pitfalls, and how to avoid them, in child and adolescent psychopharmacology. In this paper, we specifically addressed common pitfalls in the pharmacological treatment of autism and intellectual disability, eating disorders, neuropsychiatric correlates of epilepsy, and psychosis. Pitfalls in relation to the treatment of other disorders are addressed in a separate paper (Part I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Frank MC Besag
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
- East London Foundation NHS Trust, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Bruce Clark
- National Specialist Clinic for Young People with OCD, BDD and Related Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Hollis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIHR) MindTech Medtech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Mental Health & Technology Theme, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joe Kilgariff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- NIHR ARC Northwest London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aditya Sharma
- Academic Psychiatry, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Specialist Adolescent Mood Disorders Service (SAMS), Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bryson C, Douglas D, Schmidt U. Established and emerging treatments for eating disorders. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:392-402. [PMID: 38503683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are common mental health conditions that carry exceedingly high morbidity and mortality rates. Evidence-based treatment options include a range of psychotherapies and some, mainly adjunctive, pharmacological interventions. However, around 20-30% of people fail to respond to the best available treatments and develop a persistent treatment-refractory illness. Novel treatments for these disorders are emerging, but their efficacy and clinical relevance need further investigation. In this review article, we first outline the evidence-base for the established treatments of the three 'classical' EDs [anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED)]. We then review research on some of the most promising emerging treatment modalities, discussing the questions and challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Bryson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daire Douglas
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Pruccoli J, Barbieri E, Visconti C, Pranzetti B, Pettenuzzo I, Moscano F, Malaspina E, Marino M, Valeriani B, Parmeggiani A. Refeeding syndrome and psychopharmacological interventions in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: a focus on olanzapine-related modifications of electrolyte balance. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1935-1941. [PMID: 38347260 PMCID: PMC11001716 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between the use of olanzapine, a psychopharmacological intervention commonly prescribed in Anorexia Nervosa treatment, and the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome. Despite the acknowledged nutritional and biochemical impacts of olanzapine, the literature lacks information regarding its specific association with Refeeding Syndrome onset in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa. This is a naturalistic, retrospective, observational study, reporting the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa, treated or untreated with olanzapine. Dosages and serum levels of olanzapine were assessed for potential associations with the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome and specific variations in Refeeding Syndrome-related electrolytes. Overall, 113 patients were enrolled, including 46 (41%) who developed a Refeeding Syndrome. Mild (87%), moderate (6.5%), and severe (6.5%) Refeeding Syndrome was described, at a current average intake of 1378 ± 289 kcal/day (39 ± 7.7 kcal/kg/die), frequently associated with nasogastric tube (39%) or parenteral (2.2%) nutrition. Individuals receiving olanzapine experienced a more positive phosphorus balance than those who did not (F(1,110) = 4.835, p = 0.030), but no difference in the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome was documented. The mean prescribed doses and serum concentrations of olanzapine were comparable between Refeeding Syndrome and no-Refeeding Syndrome patients. Conclusion: The present paper describes the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome and its association with olanzapine prescriptions in children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa. Olanzapine was associated with a more positive phosphorus balance, but not with a different occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome. Further, longitudinal studies are required. What is Known: • Refeeding Syndrome (RS) is a critical complication during refeeding in malnourished patients, marked by electrolyte (phosphorus, magnesium, potassium) imbalances. • Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic with nutritional and biochemical impacts, is used in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) treatment, however data concerning its association with RS are lacking. What is New: • The study observed RS in 46/113 (41%) young patients with AN. • Olanzapine-treated individuals showed a higher improvement in serum phosphate levels than untreated ones, although no impact on the occurrence of Refeeding Syndrome was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pruccoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconti
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pranzetti
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pettenuzzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filomena Moscano
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Malaspina
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marastella Marino
- Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Valeriani
- Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Parmeggiani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in Età Evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'Età Pediatrica Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Himmerich H, Treasure J. Anorexia nervosa: diagnostic, therapeutic, and risk biomarkers in clinical practice. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:350-360. [PMID: 38331700 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In anorexia nervosa (AN), measurable biological parameters can inform the process of treating patients. Such biomarkers include established laboratory parameters as well as a range of potential future biomarkers, including genetic, metabolomic, microbiomic, endocrine, immunological, hematological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging parameters. In this opinion article we discuss how these biomarkers can support diagnosic and therapeutic processes at specific steps during the AN treatment cycle, that is, the diagnosis, diagnostic specification, risk management, choice of therapy, therapy monitoring, and treatment review. History-taking, physical and neuropsychological examination, clinical observation, and judgment about treatment success by the patient, their carers, and members of the multidisciplinary team are essential to interpret laboratory and imaging data appropriately and to assess the full clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus Himmerich
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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11
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Steiner MA, Botticelli L, Bergamini G, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Gatfield J, Williams JT, Treiber A, Vaillant C, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. Evaluating the efficacy of the selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist nivasorexant in an animal model of binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38456603 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the efficacy of the selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist (SO1RA) nivasorexant in an animal model of binge-eating disorder (BED) and study its dose-response relationship considering free brain concentrations and calculated OX1R occupancy. Compare nivasorexant's profile to that of other, structurally diverse SO1RAs. Gain understanding of potential changes in orexin-A (OXA) neuropeptide and deltaFosB (ΔFosB) protein expression possibly underlying the development of the binge-eating phenotype in the rat model used. METHOD Binge-like eating of highly palatable food (HPF) in rats was induced through priming by intermittent, repeated periods of dieting and access to HPF, followed by an additional challenge with acute stress. Effects of nivasorexant were compared to the SO1RAs ACT-335827 and IDOR-1104-2408. OXA expression in neurons and neuronal fibers as well as ΔFosB and OXA-ΔFosB co-expression was studied in relevant brain regions using immuno- or immunofluorescent histochemistry. RESULTS All SO1RAs dose-dependently reduced binge-like eating with effect sizes comparable to the positive control topiramate, at unbound drug concentrations selectively blocking brain OX1Rs. Nivasorexant's efficacy was maintained upon chronic dosing and under conditions involving more frequent stress exposure. Priming for binge-like eating or nivasorexant treatment resulted in only minor changes in OXA or ΔFosB expression in few brain areas. DISCUSSION Selective OX1R blockade reduced binge-like eating in rats. Neither ΔFosB nor OXA expression proved to be a useful classifier for their binge-eating phenotype. The current results formed the basis for a clinical phase II trial in BED, in which nivasorexant was unfortunately not efficacious compared with placebo. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Nivasorexant is a new investigational drug for the treatment of binge-eating disorder (BED). It underwent clinical testing in a phase II proof of concept trial in humans but was not efficacious compared with placebo. The current manuscript investigated the drug's efficacy in reducing binge-like eating behavior of a highly palatable sweet and fat diet in a rat model of BED, which initially laid the foundation for the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - John Gatfield
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jodi T Williams
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Treiber
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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12
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Ünver H, Gökçe Ceylan B, Erdoğdu Yıldırım AB, Perdahlı Fiş N. Serum peripheral markers for inflammation in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:68-72. [PMID: 38648398 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2024.2343482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a limited number of studies comparing the levels of inflammation in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls based on complete blood count and platelet parameters. METHODS This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 53 drug-naive patients with AN and 53 healthy controls. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for WBC (white blood cell), neutrophil, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) between the study groups. Patients with AN had lower WBC, neutrophiles and NLR values. But there was no difference between the groups in terms of inflammation-related platelet parameters. A strong positive correlation between BMI (body mass index) and PLT (platelet), PCT (plateletcrit) was determined in the patient group (r = 0.454, p = 0.001; r = 0.386, p = 0.007). Inflammation-related parameters may increase as BMI increases with nutrition and weight restoration. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further evidence for level of inflammation in these patients does not increase during the acute period, unlike other mental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ünver
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyzanur Gökçe Ceylan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Neşe Perdahlı Fiş
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Lewis YD, Bergner L, Steinberg H, Bentley J, Himmerich H. Pharmacological Studies in Eating Disorders: A Historical Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:594. [PMID: 38474723 PMCID: PMC11154472 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental health conditions characterised by impaired eating behaviours and nutrition as well as disturbed body image, entailing considerable mortality and morbidity. Psychopharmacological medication is an important component in the treatment of EDs. In this review, we performed a historic analysis of pharmacotherapeutic research in EDs based on the scientific studies included in the recently published World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for ED treatment. This analysis focuses on early approaches and trends in the methods of clinical pharmacological research in EDs, for example, the sample sizes of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We found the development of psychopharmacological treatments for EDs followed advancements in psychiatric pharmacotherapy. However, the application of RCTs to the study of pharmacotherapy for EDs may be an impediment as limited participant numbers and inadequate research funding impede generalisability and statistical power. Moreover, current medication usage often deviates from guideline recommendations. In conclusion, the RCT model may not effectively capture the complexities of ED treatment, and funding limitations hinder research activity. Novel genetically/biologically based treatments are warranted. A more comprehensive understanding of EDs and individualised approaches should guide research and drug development for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael D. Lewis
- Hadarim Eating Disorders Unit, Shalvata Mental Health Centre, Hod Hasharon 4534708, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lukas Bergner
- Forschungsstelle für die Geschichte der Psychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Holger Steinberg
- Forschungsstelle für die Geschichte der Psychiatrie, Klinik und Poliklinik Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Jessica Bentley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.B.); (H.H.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London BR3 3BX, UK
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14
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Solmi M, Monaco F, Højlund M, Monteleone AM, Trott M, Firth J, Carfagno M, Eaton M, De Toffol M, Vergine M, Meneguzzo P, Collantoni E, Gallicchio D, Stubbs B, Girardi A, Busetto P, Favaro A, Carvalho AF, Steinhausen HC, Correll CU. Outcomes in people with eating disorders: a transdiagnostic and disorder-specific systematic review, meta-analysis and multivariable meta-regression analysis. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:124-138. [PMID: 38214616 PMCID: PMC10785991 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are known to be associated with high mortality and often chronic and severe course, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of their outcomes is currently missing. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined cohort studies and clinical trials published between 1980 and 2021 that reported, for DSM/ICD-defined EDs, overall ED outcomes (i.e., recovery, improvement and relapse, all-cause and ED-related hospitalization, and chronicity); the same outcomes related to purging, binge eating and body weight status; as well as mortality. We included 415 studies (N=88,372, mean age: 25.7±6.9 years, females: 72.4%, mean follow-up: 38.3±76.5 months), conducted in persons with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), and/or mixed EDs, from all continents except Africa. In all EDs pooled together, overall recovery occurred in 46% of patients (95% CI: 44-49, n=283, mean follow-up: 44.9±62.8 months, no significant ED-group difference). The recovery rate was 42% at <2 years, 43% at 2 to <4 years, 54% at 4 to <6 years, 59% at 6 to <8 years, 64% at 8 to <10 years, and 67% at ≥10 years. Overall chronicity occurred in 25% of patients (95% CI: 23-29, n=170, mean follow-up: 59.3±71.2 months, no significant ED-group difference). The chronicity rate was 33% at <2 years, 40% at 2 to <4 years, 23% at 4 to <6 years, 25% at 6 to <8 years, 12% at 8 to <10 years, and 18% at ≥10 years. Mortality occurred in 0.4% of patients (95% CI: 0.2-0.7, n=214, mean follow-up: 72.2±117.7 months, no significant ED-group difference). Considering observational studies, the mortality rate was 5.2 deaths/1,000 person-years (95% CI: 4.4-6.1, n=167, mean follow-up: 88.7±120.5 months; significant difference among EDs: p<0.01, range: from 8.2 for mixed ED to 3.4 for BN). Hospitalization occurred in 26% of patients (95% CI: 18-36, n=18, mean follow-up: 43.2±41.6 months; significant difference among EDs: p<0.001, range: from 32% for AN to 4% for BN). Regarding diagnostic migration, 8% of patients with AN migrated to BN and 16% to OSFED; 2% of patients with BN migrated to AN, 5% to BED, and 19% to OSFED; 9% of patients with BED migrated to BN and 19% to OSFED; 7% of patients with OSFED migrated to AN and 10% to BN. Children/adolescents had more favorable outcomes across and within EDs than adults. Self-injurious behaviors were associated with lower recovery rates in pooled EDs. A higher socio-demographic index moderated lower recovery and higher chronicity in AN across countries. Specific treatments associated with higher recovery rates were family-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and nutritional interventions for AN; self-help, CBT, dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), psychodynamic therapy, nutritional and pharmacological treatments for BN; CBT, nutritional and pharmacological interventions, and DBT for BED; and CBT and psychodynamic therapy for OSFED. In AN, pharmacological treatment was associated with lower recovery, and waiting list with higher mortality. These results should inform future research, clinical practice and health service organization for persons with EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Regional Centre for Treatment of Eating Disorders, and On Track: Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit, Salerno, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mikkel Højlund
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mike Trott
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Carfagno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Melissa Eaton
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco De Toffol
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care Medicine and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Anna Girardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Busetto
- Provincial Center for Eating Disorders, Local Health Unit, Treviso, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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15
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Pruccoli J, Parmeggiani A, Cordelli DM, Lanari M. The involvement of the adrenergic system in feeding and eating disorders. A systematic review. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:1-15. [PMID: 37691603 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2245458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenergic dysregulation has been proposed as a possible underlying mechanism in feeding and eating disorders (FED). This review aims to synthesise the current evidence on the role of adrenergic dysregulation in the pathogenesis and management of FED. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted. Preclinical, clinical, and pharmacological studies assessing the adrenergic system in FED were included. RESULTS Thirty-one out of 1415 recognised studies were included. Preclinically, studies on adrenaline's anorectic impact, receptor subtypes, and effects on hepatic function in rats show that catecholamine anorexia is primarily alpha-adrenergic, whereas beta-adrenergic anorexia can be obtained only after puberty, implying an impact of sexual hormones. Clinically, catecholamine levels may be higher in FED patients than in healthy controls (HC). Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) may show higher epinephrine-induced platelet aggregability response than HC. Pharmacological trials suggest that the alpha-2-adrenergic medication clonidine may not lower AN symptoms, but agents regulating the adrenaline-noradrenaline neurotransmission (bupropion, reboxetine, duloxetine, sibutramine) have been found to improve binge eating symptoms. CONCLUSION Adrenergic dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of FED. More research is needed to comprehend underlying mechanisms and treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pruccoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in età evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Parmeggiani
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in età evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Centro Regionale per i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell'Alimentazione in età evolutiva, U.O. Neuropsichiatria dell'età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Liu B, Jiang L, Yuan M, Zhu H, Zhang W. Pica in a girl with non-suicidal self-injury: a case report. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1320079. [PMID: 38179246 PMCID: PMC10765586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1320079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is on the rise globally, posing a significant societal challenge. Pica, an eating disorder, presents difficulties in treatment due to the absence of effective medications. In this report, we discuss a complex case involving the co-occurrence of pica and non-suicidal self-injury. A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital due to ingesting two batteries. She features a persistent, intense appetite along with sudden and compulsive behaviors such as consuming inedible items or self-inflicted cutting. After receiving a combination of pharmacological treatments (quetiapine, lithium and sertraline), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) for 25 days, she was discharged with relief from her clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongru Zhu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Miranda-Olivos R, Baenas I, Steward T, Granero R, Pastor A, Sánchez I, Juaneda-Seguí A, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Formoso JA, Vilarrasa N, Guerrero-Pérez F, Virgili N, López-Urdiales R, Jiménez-Murcia S, de la Torre R, Soriano-Mas C, Fernández-Aranda F. Exploring the influence of circulating endocannabinoids and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity on anorexia nervosa severity. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4793-4800. [PMID: 37759041 PMCID: PMC10914605 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a harmful persistence of self-imposed starvation resulting in significant weight loss. Research suggests that alterations in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), may contribute to increased severity and maladaptive behaviors in AN, warranting an examination of the interplay between central reward circuitry and eCBs. For this purpose, we assessed NAcc functional connectivity and circulating AEA and 2-AG concentrations in 18 individuals with AN and 18 healthy controls (HC) to test associations between circulating eCBs, NAcc functional connectivity, and AN severity, as defined by body mass index (BMI). Decreased connectivity was observed between the NAcc and the right insula (NAcc-insula; pFWE < 0.001) and the left supplementary motor area (NAcc-SMA; pFWE < 0.001) in the AN group compared to HC. Reduced NAcc-insula functional connectivity mediated the association between AEA concentrations and BMI in the AN group. However, in HC, NAcc-SMA functional connectivity had a mediating role between AEA concentrations and BMI. Although no significant differences in eCBs concentrations were observed between the groups, our findings provide insights into how the interaction between eCBs and NAcc functional connectivity influences AN severity. Altered NAcc-insula and NAcc-SMA connectivity in AN may impair the integration of interoceptive, somatosensory, and motor planning information related to reward stimuli. Furthermore, the distinct associations between eCBs concentrations and NAcc functional connectivity in AN and HC could have clinical implications for weight maintenance, with eCBs being a potential target for AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience research group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asier Juaneda-Seguí
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Fernández-Formoso
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience research group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Keeler JL, Kan C, Treasure J, Himmerich H. Novel treatments for anorexia nervosa: Insights from neuroplasticity research. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023. [PMID: 37823233 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) remains challenging; there are no approved psychopharmacological interventions and psychotherapeutic strategies have variable efficacy. The investigation of evidence-based treatments has so far been compounded by an underdeveloped understanding into the neurobiological changes associated with the acute stages of AN. There is converging evidence of deficiencies in neuroplasticity in AN. METHOD This paper provides an overview of neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular and qualitative findings relating to neuroplasticity in AN, translating these findings to the identification of novel biological and psychotherapeutic strategies. RESULTS Novel psychopharmacological approaches that may ameliorate deficiencies in neuroplasticity include medications such as ketamine, psilocybin and human recombinant leptin. Anti-inflammatory medications and brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetics may emerge as potential treatments following further research. Psychotherapeutic strategies that may target neuroplastic deficiencies, as well as having wider effects on identity, include imagery rescripting, memory specificity training, cognitive remediation therapy, exposure therapies, narrative therapies, cultural interventions (e.g. music and arts therapies) and yoga/mindfulness-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS Treatments specifically targeted towards mitigating the neurobiological sequalae of AN are warranted, and emerging neurobiological and neuropsychological research utilising longitudinal designs and large sample sizes, as well as initial feasibility studies, are necessitated to bolster translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Louise Keeler
- King's College London, Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK
| | - Carol Kan
- Vincent Square Eating Disorder Service, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- King's College London, Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- King's College London, Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK
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19
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Di Cara M, Rizzo C, Corallo F, Cardile D, Calabrò RS, Quartarone A, Buda M, Cucinotta F. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Narrative Review of Types and Characteristics of Therapeutic Interventions. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1297. [PMID: 37628296 PMCID: PMC10453506 DOI: 10.3390/children10081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was added to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) just 10 years ago. This disorder consists of the failure to meet one's nutritional and/or energy needs, which may result in significant weight loss, significant nutritional deficit or functioning dependent on enteral nutrition or oral supplements. In children with this disorder, development is often problematic, and there is also marked interference with psychosocial functioning at all ages. The causes leading to food avoidance in these patients may be related to a lack of interest, to the sensory properties of the food or to the possible adverse consequences associated with it. Given the multitude of aspects involved in this disorder and the impact it has especially on younger patients, more and more studies are addressing treatments and related benefits and/or complications. A narrative review of currently published studies was performed for articles published before 5 March 2023 on therapeutic interventions in patients with ARFID. Because of the large number of results obtained, this review was conducted only via PubMed in order to analyze and discuss children and adolescent ARFID treatments reported in literature. The treatments most often referred to in the literature are cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based therapy and pharmacological treatment. All the data on these treatments are promising. However, due to the recent introduction of this disorder and the limited data still available, a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the best option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Davide Cardile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.C.); (R.S.C.); (A.Q.); (M.B.); (F.C.)
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