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Jesus ÍCD, Alle LF, Tureck LV, Silva LRD, Lopes WA, Moraes Junior FBD, Radominski RB, Mota J, Cavaglieri CR, Leite N. ADRB2 GLN27GLU POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH ADIPOSITY INDICATORS AND IL-10 IN ADOLESCENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192504214836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies of association between obesity and genetic factors have demonstrated a significant contribution of polymorphisms related to body fat distribution and subclinical inflammatory process. Objective: To investigate the association between genotypes of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene and indicators of adiposity, inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and parameters of physical fitness in overweight adolescents. Methods: A total of 44 male and female adolescents, aged between 13 and 17 years, with positive clinical diagnosis of overweight, were divided into two groups according to the Gln27Glu polymorphism genotypes of the ADRB2 gene: a) Group of carriers of the 27Glu allele (Gln27Glu/Glu27Glu) (n = 22); b) Group of non-carriers of the 27Glu allele (Gln27Gln) (n = 22). Both groups were evaluated for body composition, sexual maturation, cardiorespiratory fitness variables and indicators of muscle strength. Basal glycemia and insulin, lipid profile and inflammatory profile were measured. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposities were evaluated by ultrasonography. Genotyping of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene was performed by the Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Results: The genotype frequency found was: Gln/Gln (n = 22) (50.0%), Gln/Glu (n = 18) (41.0%) and Glu/Glu (n = 4) %). The frequency of the 27Glu allele was 29.5%. The group of adolescent carriers of the 27Glu allele of the ADRB2 gene presented higher mean adiposity indicators (abdominal circumference, trunk fat mass and visceral fat), as well as lower IL-10 concentrations when compared to non-carriers. Conclusions: The 27Glu allele was associated with adiposity indicators in overweight adolescents, while subcutaneous abdominal fat exhibited an inverse relationship with inflammatory variables and maximum oxygen uptake, which may result in more damage to health. Level of evidence III; Case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neiva Leite
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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2
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Resistance training improves cardiovascular autonomic control and biochemical profile of rats exposed to Western diet in the perinatal period. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:337-345. [PMID: 31227291 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Consumption of a Western diet during the perinatal period is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Resistance training (RT) has been used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of RT on cardiometabolic disorders in rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period. METHODS Female Wistar rats were fed with control or Western diet during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided into three groups: Control (C), Western Diet Sedentary (WDS) and Western Diet + RT (WDRT). At 60 days of age, all animals started the RT protocol (five times a week for four weeks). At the end, blood pressure was recorded for analysis of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS RT reduced blood pressure and vascular sympathetic modulation and increased BRS. There were improvements in biochemical profile, with reductions in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION RT led to beneficial adaptations in the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in the mechanisms of autonomic control and biochemical profile of animals exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period.
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Santana MNS, De Melo VU, Macedo FN, Barreto AS, Vidal-Santos R, Neto M, dos Santos MRV, Santana-Filho VJ. Resistance training improves cardiovascular autonomic control and biochemical profile of rats exposed to a Western diet in the perinatal period. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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4
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Arya R, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Puppala S, Chittoor G, Resendez RG, Mummidi S, Vanamala J, Almasy L, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R, Diego VP. Genetic and environmental (physical fitness and sedentary activity) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican American children and adolescents. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:378-393. [PMID: 29460292 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on genetic and environmental (G × E) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of G × E interaction effects on CMRFs in Mexican American (MA) children (n = 617, ages 6-17 years). The environments examined were sedentary activity (SA), assessed by recalls from "yesterday" (SAy) and "usually" (SAu) and physical fitness (PF) assessed by Harvard PF scores (HPFS). CMRF data included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and number of metabolic syndrome components (MSC). We examined potential G × E interaction in the phenotypic expression of CMRFs using variance component models and likelihood-based statistical inference. Significant G × SA interactions were identified for six CMRFs: BMI, WC, FI, HOMA-IR, MSC, and HDL, and significant G × HPFS interactions were observed for four CMRFs: BMI, WC, FM, and HOMA-IR. However, after correcting for multiple hypothesis testing, only WC × SAy, FM × SAy, and FI × SAu interactions became marginally significant. After correcting for multiple testing, most of CMRFs exhibited significant G × E interactions (Reduced G × E model vs. Constrained model). These findings provide evidence that genetic factors interact with SA and PF to influence variation in CMRFs, and underscore the need for better understanding of these relationships to develop strategies and interventions to effectively reduce or prevent cardiometabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vidya S Farook
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Health Medical University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, United States of America
| | - Roy G Resendez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- The Obesity Society, 1110 Bonifant St. Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Penn State Hershey Pediatric Endocrinology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent P Diego
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
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5
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Leite N, Silva LRD, Jesus ÍCD, Lopes WA, Cavaglieri CR, Consentino CL, Radominski RB, Souza RLRD, Tureck LV, Furtado-Alle L. ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism influenced changes in leptin but not body composition or metabolic and other inflammatory parameters after twelve weeks of combined training in overweight adolescents. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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6
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Leite N, Lazarotto L, Milano GE, Titski ACK, Consentino CLM, de Mattos F, de Andrade FA, Furtado-Alle L. [Beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene association with overweight and asthma in children and adolescents and its relationship with physical fitness]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2015; 33:381-6. [PMID: 26409918 PMCID: PMC4685556 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2 ) with the occurrence of asthma and overweight and the gene's influence on anthropometric, clinic, biochemical and physical fitness variables in children and adolescents. Methods: Subjects were evaluated for allelic frequencies of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI Z -score, waist circumference (WC), pubertal stage, resting heart rate (HRres), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), Homeostasis Metabolic Assessment (HOMA2-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The participants were divided in four groups: overweight asthmatic (n =39), overweight non-asthmatic (n =115), normal weight asthmatic (n =12), and normal weight non-asthmatic (n =40). Results: Regarding the Gln27Glu polymorphism, higher total cholesterol was observed in usual genotype individuals than in genetic variant carriers (p =0.04). No evidence was found that the evaluated polymorphisms are influencing the physical fitness. The Arg16 allele was found more frequently among the normal weight asthmatic group when compared to the normal weight non-asthmatic group (p =0.02), and the Glu27 allele was more frequently found in the overweight asthmatics group when compared to the normal weight non-asthmatic group (p =0.03). Conclusions: The association of Arg16 allele with the occurrence of asthma and of the Glu27 allele with overweight asthmatic adolescents evidenced the contribution of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene to the development of obesity and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neiva Leite
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
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7
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Marcadenti A. <i>ADRB2</i>, <i>ADRB3</i>, <i>BDKRB2</i> and <i>MTNR1B</i> Genes Related to Body fat Modulation and Its Interaction with Physical Activity and Blood Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2015.57012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Martin-Calvo N, Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Gea A, Ochoa MC, Marti A. Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and childhood/adolescent obesity: a case-control study. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2185-93. [PMID: 24485091 PMCID: PMC10282631 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001300356x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCB) and obesity in children and adolescents from Navarra (Spain). DESIGN We used a matched case-control study design. The exposure, SSCB consumption (1 serving: 200 ml), was measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardized protocols. The outcome, obesity, was defined as BMI above the age- and sex-specific 97th percentile according to the Spanish reference charts. In the analysis we used conditional logistic regression. Potential confounders were controlled using a multivariable model. SETTING Subjects were recruited in the paediatric departments of the Universidad de Navarra Clinic and the Navarra Hospital Complex, and in three primary health centres of Navarra. Controls were recruited when attending for a routine medical examination or vaccination. SUBJECTS One hundred and seventy-four obese children and 174 individually sex- and age-matched controls, 52·87% boys, with a mean age of 11·6 years. Exclusion criteria were dietary interventions, exposure to hormone treatment, development of secondary obesity due to endocrinopathy and serious intercurrent illness. RESULTS Independently of other factors, high consumption of SSCB (>4 servings/week) was significantly associated with obesity (OR = 3·46; 95% CI 1·24, 9·62; P = 0·01). Besides, each additional daily serving of SSCB was associated with a 69% relative increase in the risk of obesity (OR = 1·69; 95% CI 1·04, 2·73; P = 0·03). CONCLUSIONS We found a strong and significant association between SSCB consumption and obesity risk. Our results suggest a monotonic dose-response linear shape for this association in children and adolescents (P for trend = 0·02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Martin-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ma Carmen Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Kurokawa N, Nakai K, Suzuki K, Sugawara N, Sakurai K, Ohba T, Shimada M, Kameo S, Nakatsuka H, Satoh H. Trends of body mass index distribution in schoolchildren in Sendai, Japan, 1989-2003. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 3:1-52. [PMID: 24345538 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Accumulating evidence indicates a strong association between obesity and health problems. Childhood obesity increases the risk of adulthood obesity. Although it is reported that the number of obese children in Japan has increased, it is unclear whether the obesity index distribution pattern has changed. To clarify this distribution pattern, we analyzed the changes in the body mass index (BMI) of primary (6th grade, 12 years old) and junior high (3rd year, 15 years old) schoolchildren in the city of Sendai during the period from 1989 to 2003. Our department has accumulated information on the height and body weight of all the schoolchildren in the city of Sendai. BMI was calculated using both the height and body weight data. The change in median BMI for 15 years had a slightly upward trend every year with both gender and school year. Although the BMI distribution showed that there was little or no change over time in the lower (10th and 25th) percentiles, the increases in the 75th and 90th percentiles were more marked than that in the 50th percentile in primary school children. On the other hand, there was only a small increase in BMI in the 3rd year of junior high school. Our results indicated that the changes in BMI distribution were concentrated at the upper end of the distribution in primary school children. The shifts in the value of high percentiles might be due to effect modification of the corresponding exposure by another environmental exposure or genetic predisposition. It is suggested that the factors causing this change influenced only part of this population, and affected individuals might represent a susceptible subpopulation of the exposed children.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kurokawa
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Norio Sugawara
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakurai
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shimada
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Haruo Nakatsuka
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Lwow F, Dunajska K, Milewicz A, Laczmański L, Jedrzejuk D, Trzmiel-Bira A, Szmigiero L. ADRB3 and PPARγ2 gene polymorphisms and their association with cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 16:473-8. [PMID: 23113754 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.738721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of heritability to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of interest as the identification of genes enhancing the susceptibility of individuals to CVD may help the design of clinical interventions optimized for the individual's genome. METHODS We studied the associations of polymorphism of ADRB3 and PPARγ2 genes with obesity indices, unfavorable lipid profile parameters and insulin resistance index HOMA in 343 postmenopausal women. RESULTS No association was found between tested polymorphisms and CVD risk factors such as total cholesterol ≥ 5.0 mmol/l, high density lipoprotein cholesterol < 1.2 mmol/l, low density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.0 mmol/l and triacylglycerols > 1.7 mmol/l. The presence of arterial hypertension and HOMA value ≥ 1.95 were also not related to these polymorphisms. A significant association between PPARγ2 gene polymorphism and total body fat mass (odds ratio = 1.90 at p = 0.037) as well as android fat deposit mass (odds ratio = 1.82 at p = 0.048) was found. CONCLUSIONS CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women are not directly associated with the polymorphisms of PPARγ2 and ADRB3 genes. We suggest that some indirect link between PPARγ2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility of postmenopausal women to CVD may exist. This suggestion is based on our finding that high total body fat mass and high android fat deposits are associated with the presence of the Pro12Ala allele of the PPARγ2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lwow
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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Rosini TC, da Silva ASR, Moraes CD. Obesidade induzida por consumo de dieta: modelo em roedores para o estudo dos distúrbios relacionados com a obesidade. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Diet-induced obesity: rodent model for the study of obesity-related disorders. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Chou YC, Tsai CN, Lee YS, Pei JS. Association of adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms with adolescent obesity in Taiwan. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:111-6. [PMID: 22115535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) have been reported to be associated with obesity in adults and adolescents, although study results have been controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms of ADRB2 (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu) and ADRB3 (Trp64Arg) with adolescent obesity in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 559 adolescent volunteers with equal numbers female and male were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: obese (body mass index [BMI]≥ 95th percentile) and normal weight (BMI 15th-85th percentile). Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal mucosa cells and genotyped in TaqMan assays. Genotype results and clinical subject characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Among the three ADRB polymorphisms, only Arg16Gly polymorphism was found to be significantly correlated with adolescent obesity, especially in girls. Girls with genotype Gly/Gly had a lower probability of obesity than those with genotypes Arg/Gly or Arg/Arg (P= 0.006; Arg/Gly: odds ratio [OR], 2.57, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.22-5.41; Arg/Arg: OR, 3.03, 95%CI: 1.50-6.12). Girls with genotype Gly/Gly had lower BMI than those with genotype Arg/Arg (P= 0.049). Obese adolescents with genotype Gly/Gly had a lower probability of hypertension than those with genotype Arg/Gly or Arg/Arg (P= 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Arg16Gly polymorphism of ADRB2 was significantly associated with obesity in female adolescents, and those with the Gly/Gly genotype were associated with a lower possibility of obesity and lower BMI. This polymorphism was also associated with a lower probability of hypertension in obese adolescents. The other two polymorphisms of ADRB (Gln27Glu and Trp64Arg) were not associated with adolescent obesity in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
Obesity originates from a failure of the body-weight control systems, which may be affected by changing environmental influences. Basically, the obesity risk depends on two important mutually-interacting factors: (1) genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes); (2) exposure to environmental risks (diet, physical activity etc.). Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms at candidate genes for obesity may act as effect modifiers for environmental factors. More than 127 candidate genes for obesity have been reported and there is evidence to support the role of twenty-two genes in at least five different populations. Gene-environment interactions imply that the synergy between genotype and environment deviates from either the additive or multiplicative effect (the underlying model needs to be specified to appraise the nature of the interaction). Unravelling the details of these interactions is a complex task. Emphasis should be placed on the accuracy of the assessment methods for both genotype and lifestyle factors. Appropriate study design (sample size) is crucial in avoiding false positives and ensuring that studies have enough power to detect significant interactions, the ideal design being a nested case-control study within a cohort. A growing number of studies are examining the influence of gene-environmental interactions on obesity in either epidemiological observational or intervention studies. Positive evidence has been obtained for genes involved in adiposity, lipid metabolism or energy regulation such as PPARgamma2 (Pro12Ala), beta-adrenoceptor 2 (Gln27Glu) or uncoupling proteins 1, 2 and 3. Variants on other genes relating to appetite regulation such as melanocortin and leptin receptors have also been investigated. Examples of some recently-identified interactions are discussed.
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Rey-López JP, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Biosca M, Moreno LA. Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:242-251. [PMID: 18083016 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle patterns in children and adolescents, i.e. playing digital games, using computers and especially watching television, have been associated with obesity. However, not all sedentary behaviour has shown the same relevance to, and relationship with, obesity. Therefore, we conducted a review including published studies found in PubMed and other medical journals, dated between January 1990 and April 2007. The ages of the children and adolescents who were the object of the study ranged between 2 and 18 years. For the purpose of this paper, we selected cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention studies. Sufficient evidence exists to recommend setting a limit to the time spent watching TV, especially for younger children. However, video games and computers do not represent such a high risk compared to watching TV, when they do not replace physical activity too much. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that sedentary behaviour displaces physical activity levels. Mechanisms that explain the link between sedentariness and obesity are also discussed. Finally, future studies should take into account important mediators such as socioeconomic status and family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rey-López
- HELENA Study Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Edificio Cervantes, 2nd floor, C/Corona de Aragón 42, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ochoa MC, Azcona C, Biebermann H, Brumm H, Razquin C, Wermter AK, Martínez JA, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Marti A, Patiño A, Chueca M, Oyarzabal M, Pelach R. A novel mutation Thr162Arg of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene in a Spanish children and adolescent population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 66:652-8. [PMID: 17492953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) is involved in body weight regulation. While many studies associated MC4R mutations with childhood obesity, information on MC4R mutations in Spanish children and adolescents is lacking. Our objective was to screen a population of children and adolescents from the north of Spain (Navarra) for MC4R mutations and to study the phenotypes of carriers and their families. In addition, functional assays were performed for a novel MC4R mutation. METHODS The study was composed of 451 Spanish children and adolescents (49% boys), aged 5-18 year. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria, the groups included 160 obese, 132 overweight and 159 normal-weight control subjects. RESULTS One novel (Thr162Arg) and three known nonsynonymous mutations in the MC4R gene (Ser30Phe, Thr150Ile, Ala244Glu) were detected heterozygously. The MC4R mutations were found in three male (one obese and two overweight) and two female subjects (one obese and one overweight). The novel mutation did not appear to lead to an impaired receptor function. An unequivocal relationship of MC4R mutations with obesity in pedigrees together with an impaired function of the encoded receptor could not be established for any of the mutations. CONCLUSIONS The presence of heterozygous MC4R mutations in obese and overweight subjects indicates that these mutations may be a susceptibility factor for obesity development, but lifestyle factors, such as exercise or sedentary activities, may modify their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ochoa
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
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Ochoa MC, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez-González MA, Martínez JA, Marti A. Predictor factors for childhood obesity in a Spanish case-control study. Nutrition 2007; 23:379-84. [PMID: 17408922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and characterize factors associated with childhood obesity risk related to lifestyle and perinatal life influences (dietary pattern, physical activity, family history of obesity, breast-feeding, sedentary behavior, and birth weight) in a case-control study design. METHODS Cases were 185 obese (body mass index >97th percentile) children and adolescents (6-18 y old) from the Navarra region of Spain and control subjects were matched by sex and age. Anthropometric data were collected, and a personal interview about lifestyle parameters (dietary patterns, physical activity, family history of obesity, breast-feeding and sedentary behaviors) was performed with each participant. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors of obesity. RESULTS Leisure time physical activity proved to be a protector factor against obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-0.96), whereas family history of obesity (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.20-8.62), watching television (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.09-3.77), and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.05-2.89) were associated with a higher obesity risk. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that leisure time physical activity, family history of obesity, watching television, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are important predictive variables for childhood obesity, whereas other factors including breast-feeding, birth weight, and time spent sleeping did not appear to play an important role in the development of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Ochoa
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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