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Shrinking gate fluorescence correlation spectroscopy yields equilibrium constants and separates photophysics from structural dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211896120. [PMID: 36652471 PMCID: PMC9942831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211896120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is a versatile tool for studying fast conformational changes of biomolecules especially when combined with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Despite the many methods available for identifying structural dynamics in FRET experiments, the determination of the forward and backward transition rate constants and thereby also the equilibrium constant is difficult when two intensity levels are involved. Here, we combine intensity correlation analysis with fluorescence lifetime information by including only a subset of photons in the autocorrelation analysis based on their arrival time with respect to the excitation pulse (microtime). By fitting the correlation amplitude as a function of microtime gate, the transition rate constants from two fluorescence-intensity level systems and the corresponding equilibrium constants are obtained. This shrinking-gate fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sg-FCS) approach is demonstrated using simulations and with a DNA origami-based model system in experiments on immobilized and freely diffusing molecules. We further show that sg-FCS can distinguish photophysics from dynamic intensity changes even if a dark quencher, in this case graphene, is involved. Finally, we unravel the mechanism of a FRET-based membrane charge sensor indicating the broad potential of the method. With sg-FCS, we present an algorithm that does not require prior knowledge and is therefore easily implemented when an autocorrelation analysis is carried out on time-correlated single-photon data.
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2
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Prieto-Fernández L, Menéndez ST, Otero-Rosales M, Montoro-Jiménez I, Hermida-Prado F, García-Pedrero JM, Álvarez-Teijeiro S. Pathobiological functions and clinical implications of annexin dysregulation in human cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1009908. [PMID: 36247003 PMCID: PMC9554710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1009908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an extensive superfamily of structurally related calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins, largely conserved and widely distributed among species. Twelve human annexins have been identified, referred to as Annexin A1-13 (A12 remains as of yet unassigned), whose genes are spread throughout the genome on eight different chromosomes. According to their distinct tissue distribution and subcellular localization, annexins have been functionally implicated in a variety of biological processes relevant to both physiological and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of annexin expression patterns and functions has been revealed as a common feature in multiple cancers, thereby emerging as potential biomarkers and molecular targets for clinical application. Nevertheless, translation of this knowledge to the clinic requires in-depth functional and mechanistic characterization of dysregulated annexins for each individual cancer type, since each protein exhibits varying expression levels and phenotypic specificity depending on the tumor types. This review specifically and thoroughly examines the current knowledge on annexin dysfunctions in carcinogenesis. Hence, available data on expression levels, mechanism of action and pathophysiological effects of Annexin A1-13 among different cancers will be dissected, also further discussing future perspectives for potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and molecular-targeted therapies. Special attention is devoted to head and neck cancers (HNC), a complex and heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies, often lately diagnosed, with high mortality, and scarce therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía T. Menéndez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M. García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juana M. García-Pedrero, ; Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro,
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juana M. García-Pedrero, ; Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro,
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3
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Ochmann SE, Schröder T, Schulz CM, Tinnefeld P. Quantitative Single-Molecule Measurements of Membrane Charges with DNA Origami Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2633-2640. [PMID: 35089694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charges in lipid head groups generate electrical surface potentials at cell membranes, and changes in their composition are involved in various signaling pathways, such as T-cell activation or apoptosis. Here, we present a DNA origami-based sensor for membrane surface charges with a quantitative fluorescence read-out of single molecules. A DNA origami plate is equipped with modifications for specific membrane targeting, surface immobilization, and an anionic sensing unit consisting of single-stranded DNA and the dye ATTO542. This unit is anchored to a lipid membrane by the dye ATTO647N, and conformational changes of the sensing unit in response to surface charges are read out by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two dyes. We test the performance of our sensor with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy by exposing it to differently charged large unilamellar vesicles. We achieve a change in energy transfer of ∼10% points between uncharged and highly charged membranes and demonstrate a quantitative relation between the surface charge and the energy transfer. Further, with autocorrelation analyses of confocal data, we unravel the working principle of our sensor that is switching dynamically between a membrane-bound state and an unbound state on the timescale of 1-10 ms. Our study introduces a complementary sensing system for membrane surface charges to previously published genetically encoded sensors. Additionally, the single-molecule read-out enables investigations of lipid membranes on the nanoscale with a high spatial resolution circumventing ensemble averaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ochmann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Clara M Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
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Physiological Roles of Apoptotic Cell Clearance: Beyond Immune Functions. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111141. [PMID: 34833017 PMCID: PMC8621940 DOI: 10.3390/life11111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells is known to be a critical step in maintaining tissue and organism homeostasis. This process is rapidly/promptly mediated by recruited or resident phagocytes. Phagocytes that engulf apoptotic cells have been closely linked to the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines to eliminate inflammatory responses. Defective clearance of apoptotic cells can cause severe inflammation and autoimmune responses due to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells. Recently accumulated evidence indicates that apoptotic cells and their clearance have important physiological roles in addition to immune-related functions. Herein, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms and fundamental roles of apoptotic cell clearance and the beneficial roles of apoptotic cells in physiological processes such as differentiation and development.
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5
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Banesh S, Trivedi V. CD36 Ectodomain Detects Apoptosis in Mammalian Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:992-1003. [PMID: 34173181 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cells that undergo apoptosis show phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell membrane. The fluorescently labeled hCD36_ecto is staining and detecting apoptotic cells in a flow-based assay with several advantages over Annexin V. The human CD36 ectodomain (hCD36_ecto) is stable for a range of temperatures and experimental conditions and doesn't require Ca2+ for detecting apoptosis and specific towards PS compared to other lipids. The blocking with unlabeled hCD36_ecto reduces the staining of Annexin V-FITC for apoptotic cells, whereas R63A does not affect the binding of Annexin V- FITC to apoptotic cells. It indicates the role of CD36-PS interaction in detecting apoptotic cells. Dual-staining with hCD36_ecto-FITC/PI is universally detecting apoptosis in different nucleated cells or eryptosis in non-nucleated RBCs. Hence, our study highlights the utility of CD36 as a probe to detect apoptosis in mammalian cells. It might be a robust, economical reagent for the scientific community to facilitate their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooram Banesh
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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6
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So IS, Kang JH, Hong JW, Sung S, Hasan AF, Sa KH, Han SW, Kim IS, Kang YM. A novel apoptosis probe, cyclic ApoPep-1, for in vivo imaging with multimodal applications in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Apoptosis 2021; 26:209-218. [PMID: 33655467 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of rheumatoid arthritis. A molecular probe that allows spatiotemporal observation of apoptosis in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo concomitantly would be useful to monitoring or predicting pathophysiologic stages. In this study we investigated whether cyclic apoptosis-targeting peptide-1 (CApoPep-1) can be used as an apoptosis imaging probe in inflammatory arthritis. We tested the utility of CApoPep-1 for detecting apoptotic immune cells in vitro and ex vivo using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The feasibility of visualizing and quantifying apoptosis using this probe was evaluated in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, especially after treatment. CApoPep-1 peptide may successfully replace Annexin V for in vitro and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for ex vivo in the measurement of apoptotic cells, thus function as a sensitive probe enough to be used clinically. In vivo imaging in CIA mice revealed that CApoPep-1 had 42.9 times higher fluorescence intensity than Annexin V for apoptosis quantification. Furthermore, it may be used as an imaging probe for early detection of apoptotic response in situ after treatment. The CApoPep-1 signal was mostly co-localized with the TUNEL signal (69.6% of TUNEL+ cells) in defined cell populations in joint tissues of CIA mice. These results demonstrate that CApoPep-1 is sufficiently sensitive to be used as an apoptosis imaging probe for multipurpose applications which could detect the same target across in vitro, in vivo, to ex vivo in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seop So
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shijin Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Al Faruque Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Hee Sa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In San Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang T, Hu W, Chen W. Plasma Membrane Integrates Biophysical and Biochemical Regulation to Trigger Immune Receptor Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613185. [PMID: 33679752 PMCID: PMC7933204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane provides a biophysical and biochemical platform for immune cells to trigger signaling cascades and immune responses against attacks from foreign pathogens or tumor cells. Mounting evidence suggests that the biophysical-chemical properties of this platform, including complex compositions of lipids and cholesterols, membrane tension, and electrical potential, could cooperatively regulate the immune receptor functions. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear because of the tremendous compositional complexity and spatio-temporal dynamics of the plasma membrane. Here, we review the recent significant progress of dynamical regulation of plasma membrane on immune receptors, including T cell receptor, B cell receptor, Fc receptor, and other important immune receptors, to proceed mechano-chemical sensing and transmembrane signal transduction. We also discuss how biophysical-chemical cues couple together to dynamically tune the receptor’s structural conformation or orientation, distribution, and organization, thereby possibly impacting their in-situ ligand binding and related signal transduction. Moreover, we propose that electrical potential could potentially induce the biophysical-chemical coupling change, such as lipid distribution and membrane tension, to inevitably regulate immune receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Doktorova M, Symons JL, Levental I. Structural and functional consequences of reversible lipid asymmetry in living membranes. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1321-1330. [PMID: 33199908 PMCID: PMC7747298 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of lipid asymmetry across the two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM) bilayer is a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic cells. Loss of this asymmetry has been widely associated with cell death. However, increasing evidence points to the physiological importance of non-apoptotic, transient changes in PM asymmetry. Such transient scrambling events are associated with a range of biological functions, including intercellular communication and intracellular signaling. Thus, regulation of interleaflet lipid distribution in the PM is a broadly important but underappreciated cellular process with key physiological and structural consequences. Here, we compile the mounting evidence revealing multifaceted, functional roles of PM asymmetry and transient loss thereof. We discuss the consequences of reversible asymmetry on PM structure, biophysical properties and interleaflet coupling. We argue that despite widespread recognition of broad aspects of membrane asymmetry, its importance in cell biology demands more in-depth investigation of its features, regulation, and physiological and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L Symons
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Jost P, Muckova L, Pejchal J. In vitro stress response induced by sulfur mustard in lung fibroblasts NHLF and human pulmonary epithelial cells A-549. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3503-3514. [PMID: 32681189 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; SM] is a highly poisonous chemical warfare agent. The mechanism of its cytotoxicity affects several pathways, which cause cell damage or death. The main organ affected in case of exposure to both aerosol and vapor is lungs. The present study focuses on time- and concentration-dependent changes in human lung fibroblasts NHLF and lung epithelial cell line A-549. The cells were treated with SM at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 100 µM and signs of stress response were evaluated during 1-72 h post-treatment. Parameters for testing included cell viability and morphology, loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential, apoptosis, oxidative stress, changes in the cell cycle, and ATM kinase activation. The cytotoxic effect of SM resulted in a time-dependent decrease in viability of A-459 associated with apoptosis more markedly than in NHLF. We did not observe any generation of reactive oxygen species by SM. SM at concentrations of 5 and 10 µM induced the S-phase cell cycle arrest at both cell lines. On the other hand, 100 µM caused nonspecific cell cycle arrest. ATM kinase was activated transiently. The results indicate that NHLF cells are less prone to toxic damage by SM in case of cell viability, apoptosis and loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential. The analysis provides a time-related cytotoxic profile of A-549 and NHLF cells for further investigation into the prevention of SM toxic effects and their potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Induction of Ordered Lipid Raft Domain Formation by Loss of Lipid Asymmetry. Biophys J 2020; 119:483-492. [PMID: 32710822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
How lipid asymmetry impacts ordered lipid domain (raft) formation may yield important clues to how ordered domain formation is regulated in vivo. Under some conditions, a sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol-rich ordered domain in one leaflet induces ordered domain formation in the corresponding region of an opposite leaflet composed of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol. In other conditions, the formation of ordered domains in a SM and cholesterol-rich leaflet can be suppressed by an opposite leaflet containing unsaturated PC and cholesterol. To explore how PC unsaturation influences the balance between these behaviors, domain formation was studied in asymmetric and symmetric lipid vesicles composed of egg SM, cholesterol, and either unsaturated dioleoyl PC (DOPC) or 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl PC (POPC). The temperature dependence of ordered domain formation was measured using Förster resonance energy transfer, which detects nanodomains as well as large domains. In cholesterol-containing asymmetric SM+PC outside/PC inside vesicles, the PC-containing inner leaflet tended to destabilize ordered domain formation in the SM+PC-containing outer leaflet relative to ordered domain stability in cholesterol-containing symmetric SM/PC vesicles. Residual ordered domain formation was detected in cholesterol-containing asymmetric SM+DOPC outside/DOPC inside vesicles, but ordered domain formation was completely or almost completely suppressed by asymmetry in cholesterol-containing SM+POPC outside/POPC inside vesicles over the entire temperature range measured. Suppression of ordered domain formation in the latter vesicles was confirmed by fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Because mixtures of SM, POPC, and cholesterol form domains in symmetric vesicles, and this lipid composition mimics plasma membranes to a significant degree, it is possible that under some conditions in vivo the loss of lipid asymmetry could trigger ordered domain formation.
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Battistelli M, Falcieri E. Apoptotic Bodies: Particular Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Intercellular Communication. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E21. [PMID: 31968627 PMCID: PMC7168913 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, a new method of cell-cell communication mediated by membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged. EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), represent a new and important topic, because they are a means of communication between cells and they can also be involved in removing cellular contents. EVs are characterized by differences in size, origin, and content and different types have different functions. They appear as membranous sacs released by a variety of cells, in different physiological and patho-physiological conditions. Intringuingly, exosomes and microvesicles are a potent source of genetic information carriers between different cell types both within a species and even across a species barrier. New, and therefore still relatively poorly known vesicles are apoptotic bodies, on which numerous in-depth studies are needed in order to understand their role and possible function. In this review we would like to analyze their morpho-functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
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12
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Wanderley JLM, DaMatta RA, Barcinski MA. Apoptotic mimicry as a strategy for the establishment of parasitic infections: parasite- and host-derived phosphatidylserine as key molecule. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:10. [PMID: 31941500 PMCID: PMC6964003 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of parasitic infection is dependent on the development of efficient strategies to evade the host defense mechanisms. Phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules are pivotal for apoptotic cell recognition and clearance by professional phagocytes. Moreover, PS receptors are able to trigger anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses by phagocytes, either by coupled enzymes or through the induction of regulatory cytokine secretion. These PS-dependent events are exploited by parasites in a mechanism called apoptotic mimicry. Generally, apoptotic mimicry refers to the effects of PS recognition for the initiation and maintenance of pathogenic infections. However, in this context, PS molecules can be recognized on the surface of the infectious agent or in the surface of apoptotic host debris, leading to the respective denomination of classical and non-classical apoptotic mimicry. In this review, we discuss the role of PS in the pathogenesis of several human infections caused by protozoan parasites. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Mendes Wanderley
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Campus UFRJ Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Norte-Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcello André Barcinski
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gómez-Elías MD, Fissore RA, Cuasnicú PS, Cohen DJ. Compensatory endocytosis occurs after cortical granule exocytosis in mouse eggs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4351-4360. [PMID: 31612508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compensatory endocytosis (CE) is one of the primary mechanisms through which cells maintain their surface area after exocytosis. Considering that in eggs massive exocytosis of cortical granules (CG) takes place after fertilization, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of CE following cortical exocytosis in mouse eggs. For this purpose, we developed a pulse-chase assay to detect CG membrane internalization. Results showed internalized labeling in SrCl2 -activated and fertilized eggs when chasing at 37°C, but not at a nonpermissive temperature (4°C). The use of kinase and calcineurin inhibitors led us to conclude that this internal labeling corresponded to CE. Further experiments showed that CE in mouse eggs is dependent on actin dynamics and dynamin activity, and could be associated with a transient exposure of phosphatidylserine. Finally, CE was impaired in A23187 ionophore-activated eggs, highlighting once again the mechanistic differences between the activation methods. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time that egg activation triggers CE in mouse eggs after exocytosis of CG, probably as a plasma membrane homeostasis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Gómez-Elías
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de la Fertilización, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael A Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia S Cuasnicú
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de la Fertilización, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora J Cohen
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de la Fertilización, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Karakaş D, Akar RO, Gökmen Z, Deniz NG, Ulukaya E. A novel 1,4-naphthoquinone-derived compound induces apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:256-263. [PMID: 31582882 PMCID: PMC6713879 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1901-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most-diagnosed cancer type among women. The triple-negative subtype is an especially aggressive type of breast cancer. Although chemotherapy is almost the only option for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), currently used chemotherapeutics are not effective enough, considering the poor survival rate of patients. Therefore, novel compounds need to be developed to improve survival rates. It has been known that quinonic compounds, which are found in nature, have antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumorigenic properties. Naphthoquinones are members of the quinone family and are widely used in research due to their promising properties. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of a novel naphthoquinone-derived compound (1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ)) against two different breast cancer cells: a hormone-responsive cell line (MCF-7) and a triple-negative cell line (MDA-MB-231). As a result, 1,4-NQ decreased cell viability in both tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Increased apoptotic markers (presence of pyknotic nuclei, annexin-V positivity, caspase 3/7 activity, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage were especially observed in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with the compound. Considering the promising cytotoxic effect of the compound, 1,4-NQ needs further evaluation as a potential candidate for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Remzi Okan Akar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Gökmen
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gülşah Deniz
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
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15
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McCarthy AE, Yoshioka C, Mansoor SE. Full-Length P2X 7 Structures Reveal How Palmitoylation Prevents Channel Desensitization. Cell 2019; 179:659-670.e13. [PMID: 31587896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors are trimeric, non-selective cation channels activated by extracellular ATP. The P2X7 receptor subtype is a pharmacological target because of involvement in apoptotic, inflammatory, and tumor progression pathways. It is the most structurally and functionally distinct P2X subtype, containing a unique cytoplasmic domain critical for the receptor to initiate apoptosis and not undergo desensitization. However, lack of structural information about the cytoplasmic domain has hindered understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. We report cryoelectron microscopy structures of full-length rat P2X7 receptor in apo and ATP-bound states. These structures reveal how one cytoplasmic element, the C-cys anchor, prevents desensitization by anchoring the pore-lining helix to the membrane with palmitoyl groups. They show a second cytoplasmic element with a unique fold, the cytoplasmic ballast, which unexpectedly contains a zinc ion complex and a guanosine nucleotide binding site. Our structures provide first insights into the architecture and function of a P2X receptor cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna E McCarthy
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Steven E Mansoor
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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16
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Veit M, Ahrens B, Seidel J, Sommer A, Bhakdi S, Reiss K. Mutagenesis of the ADAM17-phosphatidylserine-binding motif leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900430. [PMID: 31455669 PMCID: PMC6712283 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM17, prominent member of the "Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase" (ADAM) family, controls vital cellular functions through cleavage of transmembrane substrates. Several of these play central roles in oncogenesis and inflammation, yet despite its importance, the mechanism by which ADAM17 is activated is not fully understood. We recently presented evidence that surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) is the penultimate event required for sheddase activation, which occurs upon binding of a membrane-proximal, cationic binding motif to the anionic phospholipid headgroup. Here, we show that mutagenesis of the 3 amino acids constituting the PS-binding motif leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Heterozygotes showed no abnormalities. Primary hepatocytes and fibroblasts were analysed and found to express the mutant protease on the cell surface. However, PMA-stimulated release of ADAM17 substrates was completely abolished. The results directly support the novel concept of transiently externalised PS as essential trigger of extracellular protease function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Veit
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Ahrens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Seidel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anselm Sommer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sucharit Bhakdi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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17
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Hagemann PM, Nsiah-Dosu S, Hundt JE, Hartmann K, Orinska Z. Modulation of Mast Cell Reactivity by Lipids: The Neglected Side of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1174. [PMID: 31191542 PMCID: PMC6549522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have long been mainly regarded as effector cells in IgE-associated allergic disorders with potential immunoregulatory roles. Located close to the allergen entry sites in the skin and mucosa, MCs can capture foreign substances such as allergens, toxins, or noxious substances and are exposed to the danger signals produced by epithelial cells. MC reactivity shaped by tissue-specific factors is crucial for allergic responses ranging from local skin reactions to anaphylactic shock. Development of Th2 response leading to allergen-specific IgE production is a prerequisite for MC sensitization and induction of FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation. Up to now, IgE production has been mainly associated with proteins, whereas lipids present in plant pollen grains, mite fecal particles, insect venoms, or food have been largely overlooked regarding their immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies, however, have now demonstrated that lipids affect the sensitization process by modulating innate immune responses of epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and NK-T cells and thus crucially contribute to the outcome of sensitization. Whether and how lipids affect also MC effector functions in allergic reactions has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we discuss how lipids can affect MC responses in the context of allergic inflammation. Direct effects of immunomodulatory lipids on MC degranulation, changes in local lipid composition induced by allergens themselves and changes in lipid transport affecting MC reactivity are possible mechanisms by which the function of MC might be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Hagemann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zane Orinska
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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18
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biological
membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex
in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional
over a wide range of time scales, and characterized
by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these
features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane
behavior. A significant part of the functional processes
in biological membranes takes place at the molecular
level; thus computer simulations are the method of
choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific
molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous
molecules gives rise to function over spatial and
time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this
review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current
state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until
now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture
of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we
also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the
foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton
network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium
transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far
received very little attention; however, the potential
of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A
major milestone for this research would be that one day
we could say that computer simulations genuinely research
biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland.,MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics
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19
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Matsumura S, Minamisawa T, Suga K, Kishita H, Akagi T, Ichiki T, Ichikawa Y, Shiba K. Subtypes of tumour cell-derived small extracellular vesicles having differently externalized phosphatidylserine. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1579541. [PMID: 30834072 PMCID: PMC6394288 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1579541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) has skewed distributions in the plasma membrane and is preferentially located in the inner leaflet of normal cells. Tumour cells, however, expose PS at the outer leaflet of cell surfaces, thereby potentially modulating the bio-signalling of cells. Interestingly, exosomes - or, more properly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) - which are secreted from tumour cells, are enriched with externalized PS, have been proposed as being involved in the progression of cancers, and could be used as a marker for tumour diagnostics. However, the sEV fractions prepared from various methods are composed of different subtypes of vesicles, and knowledge about the subtypes enriched with exposed PS is still limited. Here, we differentiated sEVs from cancer cell lines by density gradient centrifugation and characterized the separated fractions by using gold-labelling of PS in atomic force microscopy, thrombin generation assay, size and zeta potential measurements, and western blot analysis. These analyses revealed a previously unreported PS+-enriched sEV subtype, which is characterized by a lower density than that of canonical exosomes (1.06 g/ml vs. 1.08 g/ml), larger size (122 nm vs. 105 nm), more negative zeta potential (-28 mV vs. -21 mV), and lower abundance of canonical exosomal markers. The identification of the PS-exposed subtype of sEVs will provide deeper insight into the role of EVs in tumour biology and enhance the development of EV-based tumour diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsumura
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamiko Minamisawa
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Suga
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kishita
- Department of Material Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Akagi
- Department of Material Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ichiki
- Department of Material Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Shiba
- Division of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Jansen C, Tobita C, Umemoto EU, Starkus J, Rysavy NM, Shimoda LMN, Sung C, Stokes AJ, Turner H. Calcium-dependent, non-apoptotic, large plasma membrane bleb formation in physiologically stimulated mast cells and basophils. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1578589. [PMID: 30815238 PMCID: PMC6383620 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1578589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large membrane derangements in the form of non-detaching blebs or membrane protrusions occur in a variety of cell stress and physiological situations and do not always reflect apoptotic processes. They have been studied in model mast cells under conditions of cell stress, but their potential physiological relevance to mast cell function and formation in primary mast cells or basophils have not been addressed. In the current study, we examine the large, non-detaching, non-apoptotic, membrane structures that form in model and primary mast cells under conditions of stimulation that are relevant to allergy, atopy and Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions. We characterized the inflation kinetics, dependency of formation upon external free calcium and striking geometric consistency of formation for large plasma membrane blebs (LPMBs). We describe that immunologically stimulated LPMBs in mast cells are constrained to form in locations where dissociation of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton occurs. Mast cell LPMBs decorate with wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that they contain plasma membrane (PM) lectins. Electrophysiological capacitance measurements support a model where LPMBs are not being formed from internal membranes newly fused into the PM, but rather arise from stretching of the existing membrane, or inflation and smoothing of a micro-ruffled PM. This study provides new insights into the physiological manifestations of LPMB in response to immunologically relevant stimuli and in the absence of cell stress, death or apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - C Tobita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i.,Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - E U Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - J Starkus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - N M Rysavy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - L M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - C Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - A J Stokes
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
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21
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Kerr D, Tietjen GT, Gong Z, Tajkhorshid E, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. Sensitivity of peripheral membrane proteins to the membrane context: A case study of phosphatidylserine and the TIM proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2126-2133. [PMID: 29920237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a diverse class of peripheral membrane-binding proteins that specifically bind phosphatidylserine (PS), a lipid that signals apoptosis or cell fusion depending on the membrane context of its presentation. PS-receptors are specialized for particular PS-presenting pathways, indicating that they might be sensitive to the membrane context. In this review, we describe a combination of thermodynamic, structural, and computational techniques that can be used to investigate the mechanisms underlying this sensitivity. As an example, we focus on three PS-receptors of the T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin containing (TIM) protein family, which we have previously shown to differ in their sensitivity to PS surface density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerr
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Zhiliang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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22
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Ma Y, Poole K, Goyette J, Gaus K. Introducing Membrane Charge and Membrane Potential to T Cell Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1513. [PMID: 29170669 PMCID: PMC5684113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While membrane models now include the heterogeneous distribution of lipids, the impact of membrane charges on regulating the association of proteins with the plasma membrane is often overlooked. Charged lipids are asymmetrically distributed between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane, resulting in the inner leaflet being negatively charged and a surface potential that attracts and binds positively charged ions, proteins, and peptide motifs. These interactions not only create a transmembrane potential but they can also facilitate the formation of charged membrane domains. Here, we reference fields outside of immunology in which consequences of membrane charge are better characterized to highlight important mechanisms. We then focus on T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, reviewing the evidence that membrane charges and membrane-associated calcium regulate phosphorylation of the TCR–CD3 complex and discuss how the immunological synapse exhibits distinct patterns of membrane charge distribution. We propose that charged lipids, ions in solution, and transient protein interactions form a dynamic equilibrium during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Meng H, Kou J, Ma R, Ding W, Kou Y, Cao M, Dong Z, Bi Y, Thatte HS, Shi J. Prognostic implications and procoagulant activity of phosphatidylserine exposure of blood cells and microparticles in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with pulmonary vein isolation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8579-8588. [PMID: 29039531 PMCID: PMC5779910 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the procoagulant effects of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on blood cells and microparticles (MPs), and examine its role in predicting early recurrence atrial fibrillation (ERAF) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Blood samples were obtained from 40 healthy controls and 56 patients with AF at baseline (prior to PVI), and 0, 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days following PVI. The exposure of PS (PS+) to blood cells (platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes) and MPs was detected using flow cytometry. The procoagulant activity was evaluated by coagulation time, and the formation of factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin. In addition, independent factors associated with PS+ blood cells and MPs, and significant predictors of ERAF following PVI were investigated by statistical analyses. The numbers of PS+ blood cells and MPs were significantly increased by PVI (P<0.01). A significant decrease in coagulation time, and increases in FXa and thrombin were exhibited in the PS+ blood cells and MPs from patients with AF treated with PVI, whereas these alterations were inhibited by either lactadherin or anti-tissue factor (P<0.01). The maximum power of the PVI was significantly associated with platelet-derived MPs, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was closely associated with leukocyte-derived MPs and endothelial-derived MPs (EMPs) (P<0.01). In addition, hs-CRP and EMPs >355/µl were identified as independent predictors of ERAF (P<0.05). The increased numbers of PS+ platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes and MPs contributed to the procoagulant state of AF, and hs-CRP and EMPs were able to predict ERAF following PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yayan Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hemant S Thatte
- Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Totino PR, Lopes SC. Insights into the Cytoadherence Phenomenon of Plasmodium vivax: The Putative Role of Phosphatidylserine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1148. [PMID: 28979260 PMCID: PMC5611623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread and the dominant human malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa and, although it was classically recognized to cause benign infection, severe cases and deaths caused by P. vivax have remarkably been reported. In contrast to Plasmodium falciparum, which well-known ability to bind to endothelium and placental tissue and form rosettes is related to severity of the disease, it has been a dogma that P. vivax is unable to undergo cytoadherent phenomena. However, some studies have demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs) infected by P. vivax can cytoadhere to host cells, while the molecules participating in this host–parasite interaction are still a matter of speculation. In the present overview, we address the evidences currently supporting the adhesive profile of P. vivax and, additionally, discuss the putative role of phosphatidylserine—a cell membrane phospholipid with cytoadhesive properties that has been detected on the surface of Plasmodium-parasitized RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Renato Totino
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Scoville DK, Botta D, Galdanes K, Schmuck SC, White CC, Stapleton PL, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Altemeier WA, Hernandez M, Kleeberger SR, Chen LC, Gordon T, Kavanagh TJ. Genetic determinants of susceptibility to silver nanoparticle-induced acute lung inflammation in mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:4600-4611. [PMID: 28716969 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700187r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are employed in a variety of consumer products; however, in vivo rodent studies indicate that AgNPs can cause lung inflammation and toxicity in a strain- and particle type-dependent manner, but mechanisms of susceptibility remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in AgNP-induced lung inflammation and toxicity across multiple inbred mouse strains and to use genome-wide association (GWA) mapping to identify potential candidate susceptibility genes. Mice received doses of 0.25 mg/kg of either 20-nm citrate-coated AgNPs or citrate buffer using oropharyngeal aspiration. Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) served as markers of inflammation. We found significant strain- and treatment-dependent variation in neutrophils in BALF. GWA mapping identified 10 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (false discovery rate, 15%) in 4 quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 4, 15, and 18, and Nedd4l (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-like; chromosome 18), Ano6 (anocatmin 6; chromosome 15), and Rnf220 (Ring finger protein 220; chromosome 4) were considered candidate genes. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significant inverse associations between mRNA levels of these genes and neutrophil influx. Nedd4l, Ano6, and Rnf220 are candidate susceptibility genes for AgNP-induced lung inflammation that warrant additional exploration in future studies.-Scoville, D. K., Botta, D., Galdanes, K., Schmuck, S. C., White, C. C., Stapleton, P. L., Bammler, T. K., MacDonald, J. W., Altemeier, W. A., Hernandez, M., Kleeberger, S. R., Chen, L.-C., Gordon, T., Kavanagh, T. J. Genetic determinants of susceptibility to silver nanoparticle-induced acute lung inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dianne Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karen Galdanes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Stefanie C Schmuck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Collin C White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patricia L Stapleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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10-Gingerol as an inducer of apoptosis through HTR1A in cumulus cells: In-vitro and in-silico studies. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:397-406. [PMID: 31435270 PMCID: PMC6695051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cumulus cells play a crucial role as essential mediators in the maturation of ova. Ginger contains 10-gingerol, which induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to determine whether 10-gingerol is able to induce apoptosis in normal cells, namely, cumulus cells. Methods This study used an in vitro analysis by culturing Cumulus cells in M199 containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (12, 16, and 20 μM) and later detected early apoptotic activity using an Annexin V-FITC detection kit. Result The in vitro data revealed that the number of apoptosis cells increased along with the period of incubation as follows: 12 μM (63.71% ± 2.192%); 16 μM (74.51% ± 4.596%); and 20 μM (78.795% ± 1.435%). The substance 10-gingerol induces apoptosis in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1. Conclusions These findings indicate that further examination is warranted for 10-gingerol as a contraception agent.
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Key Words
- 10-Gingerol
- ARG, arginine
- Apoptosis
- Cumulus cells
- FOXO, forkhead box
- GLU, glutamine
- GLY, glycine
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- HTR1A
- HTR1A, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A
- ILE, ileusine
- ILK, integrin-linked kinase
- In silico
- In vitro
- LYS, lysine
- MDM2, murine double minute clone 2
- MET, methionine
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS3, nitric oxide synthase 3
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue delete on chromosome ten
- RICTOR, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
- TYR, tyrosine
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mTOR complex 1
- mTORC2, mTOR complex 2
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Ma DWL, Arendt BM, Hillyer LM, Fung SK, McGilvray I, Guindi M, Allard JP. Plasma phospholipids and fatty acid composition differ between liver biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy subjects. Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e220. [PMID: 27428872 PMCID: PMC4973140 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with perturbations in liver lipid metabolism. Liver phospholipid and fatty acid composition have been shown to be altered in NAFLD. However, detailed profiles of circulating lipids in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are lacking. Objective: Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine circulating lipids and potential mechanisms related to hepatic gene expression between liver biopsy-proven simple steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthy subjects. Subjects: Plasma phospholipid and fatty acid composition were determined in 31 healthy living liver donors as healthy controls (HC), 26 patients with simple hepatic steatosis (SS) and 20 with progressive NASH. Hepatic gene expression was analyzed by Illumina microarray in a subset of 22 HC, 16 SS and 14 NASH. Results: Concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased relative to disease progression, HC<SS<NASH (170<210<250 μg ml−1), and was significantly different (P<0.05) between HC and NASH. Circulating phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol were higher in SS and NASH compared with HC (P<0.05), but there was no difference between SS and NASH. Fatty acid composition of phospholipids was also remodeled. In particular, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid were higher (P<0.05) in SS and NASH relative to HC in PS. Differentially expressed hepatic genes included ETNK1 and PLSCR1 that are involved in PE synthesis and PS transport, respectively. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that there is a disruption in phospholipid metabolism that is present in SS, but more pronounced in NASH. Intervention studies targeted at lipid metabolism could benefit SS and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - B M Arendt
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S K Fung
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I McGilvray
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Guindi
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Sun R, Yang Y, Ran X, Yang T. Calcium Influx of Mast Cells Is Inhibited by Aptamers Targeting the First Extracellular Domain of Orai1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158223. [PMID: 27390850 PMCID: PMC4938386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method, we identified oligonucleotides that bind to the first extracellular domain of the Orai1 protein with high affinities and high specificities. These ligands were isolated from a random single-strand DNA (ssDNA) library with 40 randomized sequence positions, using synthesized peptides with amino acid sequences identical to the first extracellular domain of the Orai1 protein as the targets for SELEX selection. Seven aptamers were obtained after 12 rounds of SELEX. An enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) was performed to determine the affinities of the aptamers. Aptamer Y1 had the highest affinity (Kd = 1.72×10−8 mol/L) and was selected for functional experiments in mast cells. Using LAD2 cells with the human high-affinity IgE receptor and Ca2+ release activation channel (CRAC), we demonstrated that Aptamer Y1 blocked IgE-mediated β-hexosaminidase release from cells triggered by biotin-IgE and streptavidin. A specific binding assay showed that Aptamer Y1 not only bound the Orai1 peptide specifically but also that the Orai1 peptide did not bind significantly to other random oligonucleotide molecules. Furthermore, Aptamer Y1 regulation of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was investigated by probing intracellular Ca2+ with a Fluo-4-AM fluorescent probe. We found that Aptamer Y1 inhibits Ca2+ influx into antigen-activated mast cells. These results indicate that the target of Aptamer Y1 in the degranulation pathway is upstream of Ca2+ influx. Therefore, these oligonucleotide agents represent a novel class of CRAC inhibitors that may be useful in the fight against allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- Institute of Combined Injury, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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29
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Sommer A, Kordowski F, Büch J, Maretzky T, Evers A, Andrä J, Düsterhöft S, Michalek M, Lorenzen I, Somasundaram P, Tholey A, Sönnichsen FD, Kunzelmann K, Heinbockel L, Nehls C, Gutsmann T, Grötzinger J, Bhakdi S, Reiss K. Phosphatidylserine exposure is required for ADAM17 sheddase function. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11523. [PMID: 27161080 PMCID: PMC4866515 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17, a prominent member of the 'Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase' (ADAM) family, controls vital cellular functions through cleavage of transmembrane substrates. Here we present evidence that surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) is pivotal for ADAM17 to exert sheddase activity. PS exposure is tightly coupled to substrate shedding provoked by diverse ADAM17 activators. PS dependency is demonstrated in the following: (a) in Raji cells undergoing apoptosis; (b) in mutant PSA-3 cells with manipulatable PS content; and (c) in Scott syndrome lymphocytes genetically defunct in their capacity to externalize PS in response to intracellular Ca(2+) elevation. Soluble phosphorylserine but not phosphorylcholine inhibits substrate cleavage. The isolated membrane proximal domain (MPD) of ADAM17 binds to PS but not to phosphatidylcholine liposomes. A cationic PS-binding motif is identified in this domain, replacement of which abrogates liposome-binding and renders the protease incapable of cleaving its substrates in cells. We speculate that surface-exposed PS directs the protease to its targets where it then executes its shedding function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Sommer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 7, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Felix Kordowski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 7, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Joscha Büch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 7, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Astrid Evers
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jörg Andrä
- Hamburg University of Applied Science, Ulmenliet 20, Hamburg 21033, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Matthias Michalek
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Inken Lorenzen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Prasath Somasundaram
- Division of Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Division of Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin and Biowissenschaften, Borstel 23845, Germany
| | - Christian Nehls
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin and Biowissenschaften, Borstel 23845, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin and Biowissenschaften, Borstel 23845, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Sucharit Bhakdi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 7, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 7, Kiel 24105, Germany
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N-terminal amphipathic helix of Amphiphysin can change the spatial distribution of immunoglobulin E receptors (FcεRI) in the RBL-2H3 mast cell synapse. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 6:1-4. [PMID: 26835247 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes undergo extensive shape changes as they perform vital cellular functions or become diseased. To understand the mechanisms by which lipids and proteins control membrane curvature during various processes, researchers have identified and engineered many curvature-inducing and curvature-sensing proteins and peptides. In this paper, a simple experiment was performed to show qualitatively how membrane remodeling by N-terminal amphipathic helix of Amphiphysin affects the spatial distribution of the transmembrane Fc receptor protein (FcεRI) in mast cells. Results indicate that an elevated concentration of amphipathic helices can interfere with the formation of a typical mast cell synapse.
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31
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Pseudorabies Virus US3 Protein Kinase Protects Infected Cells from NK Cell-Mediated Lysis via Increased Binding of the Inhibitory NK Cell Receptor CD300a. J Virol 2015; 90:1522-33. [PMID: 26581992 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02902-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several reports have indicated that natural killer (NK) cells are of particular importance in the innate response against herpesvirus infections. As a consequence, herpesviruses have developed diverse mechanisms for evading NK cells, although few such mechanisms have been identified for the largest herpesvirus subfamily, the alphaherpesviruses. The antiviral activity of NK cells is regulated by a complex array of interactions between activating/inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface and the corresponding ligands on the surfaces of virus-infected cells. Here we report that the US3 protein kinase of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) displays previously uncharacterized immune evasion properties: it triggers the binding of the inhibitory NK cell receptor CD300a to the surface of the infected cell, thereby providing increased CD300a-mediated protection of infected cells against NK cell-mediated lysis. US3-mediated CD300a binding was found to depend on aminophospholipid ligands of CD300a and on group I p21-activated kinases. These data identify a novel alphaherpesvirus strategy for evading NK cells and demonstrate, for the first time, a role for CD300a in regulating NK cell activity upon contact with virus-infected target cells. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade elimination by key elements of the host immune system, contributing to their ability to cause lifelong infections with recurrent reactivation events. Natural killer (NK) cells are central in the innate antiviral response. Here we report that the US3 protein kinase of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus displays a previously uncharacterized capacity for evasion of NK cells. Expression of US3 protects infected cells from NK cell-mediated lysis via increased binding of the inhibitory NK cell receptor CD300a. We show that this US3-mediated increase in CD300a binding depends on aminophospholipids and on cellular p21-activated kinases (PAKs). The identification of this novel NK cell evasion strategy may contribute to the design of improved herpesvirus vaccines and may also have significance for other PAK- and CD300a-modulating viruses and cancer cells.
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