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Hsieh KH, Chao CH, Cheng YL, Lai YC, Chuang YC, Wang JR, Chang SY, Hung YP, Chen YMA, Liu WL, Chuang WJ, Yeh TM. Enhancement of NETosis by ACE2-cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in patients with COVID-19. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:39. [PMID: 38637878 PMCID: PMC11027296 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis and autoantibodies are related to poor prognosis and disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cross-reactive anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) antibodies (CR Abs) have been reported as one of the sources of anti-ACE2 autoantibodies. However, the pathological implications of CR Abs in NET formation remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we first assessed the presence of CR Abs in the sera of COVID-19 patients with different severity by serological analysis. Sera and purified IgG from CR Abs positive COVID-19 patients as well as a mouse monoclonal Ab (mAb 127) that can recognize both ACE2 and the RBD were tested for their influence on NETosis and the possible mechanisms involved were studied. RESULTS An association between CR Abs levels and the severity of COVID-19 in 120 patients was found. The CR Abs-positive sera and IgG from severe COVID-19 patients and mAb 127 significantly activated human leukocytes and triggered NETosis, in the presence of RBD. This NETosis, triggered by the coexistence of CR Abs and RBD, activated thrombus-related cells but was abolished when the interaction between CR Abs and ACE2 or Fc receptors was disrupted. We also revealed that CR Abs-induced NETosis was suppressed in the presence of recombinant ACE2 or the Src family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib. Furthermore, we found that COVID-19 vaccination not only reduced COVID-19 severity but also prevented the production of CR Abs after SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide possible pathogenic effects of CR Abs in exacerbating COVID-19 by enhancing NETosis, highlighting ACE2 and dasatinib as potential treatments, and supporting the benefit of vaccination in reducing disease severity and CR Abs production in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Regenerative Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Diseases and Vaccinology, National Institute of Infectious National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Laboratory of Important Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
- Diseases and Vaccinology, National Institute of Infectious National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Radwan E, Abdelaziz A, Mandour MAM, Meki ARMA, El-Kholy MM, Mohamed MN. MBOAT7 expression is associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:79. [PMID: 38183501 PMCID: PMC10771377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 became one of the most challenging health emergencies, hence the necessity to find different prognostic factors for disease progression, and severity. Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through acting as a fine-tune regulator of the amount of cellular free arachidonic acid. We aimed in this study to evaluate MBOAT7 expression in COVID-19 patients and to correlate it with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS This case-control study included 56 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and 28 control subjects. Patients were further classified into moderate (n = 28) and severe (n = 28) cases. MBOAT7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples isolated from patients and control subjects by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, circulating MBOAT7 protein levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant lower levels of circulating MBOAT7 mRNA and protein were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to control subjects with severe COVID-19 cases showing significant lower levels compared to moderate cases. Moreover, severe cases showed a significant upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1ß mRNA. MBOAT7 mRNA and protein levels were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin), liver enzymes, severity, and oxygen saturation levels. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with downregulation of MBAOT7, which correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Manal A M Mandour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raheim M A Meki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Kholy
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwan N Mohamed
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Yurkina DM, Romanova EA, Feoktistov AV, Soshnikova NV, Tvorogova AV, Yashin DV, Sashchenko LP. The Interaction of HMGB1 with the Proinflammatory TREM-1 Receptor Generates Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Active against HLA-Negative Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:627. [PMID: 38203798 PMCID: PMC10779375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein (HMGB1) is secreted by myeloid cells and cells of damaged tissues during inflammation, causing inflammatory reactions through various receptors, including TLRS and RAGE. TREM-1 is considered to be one of the potential HMGB1 receptors. In this work, we have shown that the HMGB1 protein is able to bind to the TREM-1 receptor at high affinity both in solution and on the cell surface. This binding causes lymphocytes to release cytokines IL-2, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF and Ifny into the medium, which leads to the appearance of cytotoxic lymphocytes in PBMC capable of lysing HLA-negative tumor cells. Expanding the spectra of proinflammatory receptor ligands and understanding the mechanisms of their action is essential for the creation of new immunotherapy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M. Yurkina
- Institute of Gene Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (D.M.Y.); (E.A.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Elena A. Romanova
- Institute of Gene Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (D.M.Y.); (E.A.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Feoktistov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.V.F.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Natalia V. Soshnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (A.V.F.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Anna V. Tvorogova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Yashin
- Institute of Gene Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (D.M.Y.); (E.A.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lidia P. Sashchenko
- Institute of Gene Biology (RAS), Moscow 119334, Russia; (D.M.Y.); (E.A.R.); (L.P.S.)
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5
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Tao YC, Chen EQ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for COVID-19: From Basic Research to Clinical Trial. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:55-62. [PMID: 36654468 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230118122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The novel pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious challenge for human health. In severe cases, patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome even organ failure, usually owing to the dysregulated immune response and widespread inflammation. Considering that there is no known cure for COVID-19 despite the increased morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19, modalities targeting immunity and inflammation may be promising therapeutics against COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessing immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antiviral properties, can be of potential benefit to a subset of severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19. In the present study, we described the underlying mechanisms of MSCs therapy and provided a thorough research study on the recent clinical trials of MSCs for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan-610041, P.R. China
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6
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Quincho-Lopez A, Poma N, José Montenegro-Idrogo J. COVID-19 associated with cryptococcosis: a scoping review. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2024; 11:20499361241232851. [PMID: 38361915 PMCID: PMC10868154 DOI: 10.1177/20499361241232851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence of fungal infections associated with COVID-19. The development of cryptococcosis in these patients has been infrequently reported. However, it can be life-threatening. Objective To identify cases of COVID-19 patients who developed cryptococcosis and to compare baseline characteristics and management between those who survived and those who died. Methods We conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies that reported patients with COVID-19 and cryptococcosis. No language restriction was applied. Single case reports, case series, and original articles were included. It is important to note that 'n' refers to the total number of individuals with the specified variable. Results A total of 58 studies were included. Among these studies, 51 included individual patient data, detailing information on a total of 65 patients, whereas eight studies reported the proportion of cryptococcosis in COVID-19 patients. One study provided both individual and aggregate case information. From individual patient data, the majority were male (73.9%; n = 48) with a median age of 60 years (range: 53-70). Severe COVID-19 and multiple comorbidities, led by arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were frequently reported, but few had classic immunosuppression factors. On the other hand, HIV status, either negative or positive, was reported in just over half of the patients (61.5%; n = 40). Most were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (58.5%; n = 31), received mechanical ventilation (MV) (50.0%; n = 26), and developed disseminated cryptococcosis (55.4%; n = 36). Secondary infection, mainly bacterial, was reported in 19 patients (29.2%). Mortality was 47.7% (n = 31). Of the studies that reported the proportion of cryptococcosis in COVID-19 cases, the majority were descriptive studies published as conference abstracts. Conclusion Cryptococcosis in COVID-19 patients has been reported more frequently. However, it is still not as common as other fungal infections associated with COVID-19. Few patients have some classic immunosuppression factors. The factors associated with mortality were male sex, age, ICU admission, MV, secondary infections, and lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quincho-Lopez
- Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Nuvith Poma
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Service, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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7
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Lina L, Hui L. Levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at key time points during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1271917. [PMID: 38074701 PMCID: PMC10702946 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1271917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liu Hui
- Department of Laboratory and Quarantine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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8
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Pérez-Torres I, Aisa-Álvarez A, Casarez-Alvarado S, Borrayo G, Márquez-Velasco R, Guarner-Lans V, Manzano-Pech L, Cruz-Soto R, Gonzalez-Marcos O, Fuentevilla-Álvarez G, Gamboa R, Saucedo-Orozco H, Franco-Granillo J, Soto ME. Impact of Treatment with Antioxidants as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Analysis of the Correlation between Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16610. [PMID: 38068931 PMCID: PMC10706209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is lost or becomes dysfunctional during septic shock due to the activation of the inflammatory response and the deregulation of oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy administered alongside standard treatment could restore this lost homeostasis. We included 131 patients with septic shock who were treated with standard treatment and vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin E (Vit E), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or melatonin (MT), in a randomized trial. Organ damage quantified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and we determined levels of Interleukins (IL) IL1β, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Transforming growth factor B (TGFβ), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and Interferon-γ (IFNγ). The SOFA score decreased in patients treated with Vit C, NAC, and MT. Patients treated with MT had statistically significantly reduced of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-10 levels. Lipid peroxidation, Nitrates and nitrites (NO3- and NO2-), glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase decreased after treatment with Vit C, Vit E, NAC, and MT. The levels of thiols recovered with the use of Vit E, and all patients treated with antioxidants maintained their selenium levels, in contrast with controls (p = 0.04). The findings regarding oxidative stress markers and cytokines after treatment with antioxidants allow us to consider to future the combined use of antioxidants in a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample to demonstrate the reproducibility of these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Alfredo Aisa-Álvarez
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - Sergio Casarez-Alvarado
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Gabriela Borrayo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas Coordinación de Innovación en Salud, Ciudad de México 06700, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Randall Cruz-Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Omar Gonzalez-Marcos
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | | | - Juvenal Franco-Granillo
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
- Research Direction Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Line in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. Las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico
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Shukla N, Shamim U, Agarwal P, Pandey R, Narayan J. From bench to bedside: potential of translational research in COVID-19 and beyond. Brief Funct Genomics 2023:elad051. [PMID: 37986554 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been around for more than 3 years now. However, due to constant viral evolution, novel variants are emerging, leaving old treatment protocols redundant. As treatment options dwindle, infection rates continue to rise and seasonal infection surges become progressively common across the world, rapid solutions are required. With genomic and proteomic methods generating enormous amounts of data to expand our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, there is an urgent requirement for the development of novel therapeutic methods that can allow translational research to flourish. In this review, we highlight the current state of COVID-19 in the world and the effects of post-infection sequelae. We present the contribution of translational research in COVID-19, with various current and novel therapeutic approaches, including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, as well as alternate treatment methods such as immunomodulators, currently being studied and reiterate the importance of translational research in the development of various strategies to contain COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityendra Shukla
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Jitendra Narayan
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
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Muyayalo KP, Gong GS, Kiyonga Aimeé K, Liao AH. Impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection is the major factor indirectly altering reproductive function in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:778-796. [PMID: 37811836 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2262757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease affecting multiple systems and organs, including the reproductive system. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can damage reproductive organs through direct (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, ACE-2) and indirect mechanisms. The immune system plays an essential role in the homeostasis and function of the male and female reproductive systems. Therefore, an altered immune response related to infectious and inflammatory diseases can affect reproductive function and fertility in both males and females. This narrative review discussed the dysregulation of innate and adaptive systems induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the evidence showing that this altered immune response in COVID-19 patients is the major indirect mechanism leading to adverse reproduction outcomes in these patients. We summarized studies reporting the long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women's reproductive function and proposed the chronic inflammation and chronic autoimmunity characterizing long COVID as potential underlying mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation (long COVID) in altered female reproduction function in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahindo P Muyayalo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Guang-Shun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kahindo Kiyonga Aimeé
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Tropical Medicine Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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11
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Rigo S, Urechie V, Diedrich A, Okamoto LE, Biaggioni I, Shibao CA. Impaired parasympathetic function in long-COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome - a case-control study. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:19. [PMID: 37670400 PMCID: PMC10481607 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eighty percent of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 report persistence of one symptom beyond the 4-week convalescent period. Those with orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic symptoms mimicking postural tachycardia syndrome, they are defined as Long-COVID POTS [LCP]. This case-control study investigated potential differences in autonomic cardiovascular regulation between LCP patients and healthy controls. METHODS Thirteen LCP and 16 healthy controls, all female subjects, were studied without medications. Continuous blood pressure and ECG were recorded during orthostatic stress test, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and Valsalva maneuver. Time domain and power spectral analysis of heart rate [HR] and systolic blood pressure [SBP] variability were computed characterizing cardiac autonomic control and sympathetic peripheral vasoconstriction. RESULTS LCP had higher deltaHR (+ 40 ± 6 vs. + 21 ± 3 bpm, p = 0.004) and deltaSBP (+ 8 ± 4 vs. -1 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.04) upon standing; 47% had impaired Valsalva maneuver ratio compared with 6.2% in controls (p = 0.01). Spectral analysis revealed that LCP had lower RMSSD (32.1 ± 4.6 vs. 48.9 ± 6.8 ms, p = 0.04) and HFRRI, both in absolute (349 ± 105 vs. 851 ± 253ms2, p = 0.03) and normalized units (32 ± 4 vs. 46 ± 4 n.u., p = 0.02). LFSBP was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS LCP have reduced cardiovagal modulation, but normal sympathetic cardiac and vasoconstrictive functions. Impaired parasympathetic function may contribute to the pathogenesis of Long-COVID POTS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rigo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy.
| | - Vasile Urechie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrè Diedrich
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luis E Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Italo Biaggioni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Fang X, Lu K, Sun S, Zhang H, Yu X, Han W. Infection caused by Cupriavidus gilardii in a convalescent COVID-19 patient. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:287-289. [PMID: 37481110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus that can opportunistically infect immunocompromised patients or those undergoing invasive procedures. We reported a case caused by C. gilardii in a previously basic healthy 78-year-old male, who had COVID-19 and had used corticosteroids recently. The bacterium was identified as C. gilardii by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing from the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. In addition, this is the first time that we isolated C. gilardii from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which provides clinical experience in rare bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Wei Fang, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Kongmiao Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Shuqi Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Wei Fang, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Wei Fang, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
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13
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Tyagi K, Rai P, Gautam A, Kaur H, Kapoor S, Suttee A, Jaiswal PK, Sharma A, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: complexity, mechanism and associated disorders. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:307. [PMID: 37649125 PMCID: PMC10469568 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with critical illnesses, including severe respiratory disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the deadly COVID-19 illness, which has spread globally as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may enter the human body through olfactory lobes and interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor, further facilitating cell binding and entry into the cells. Reports have shown that the virus can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in various disorders. Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 largely relies on TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, which activate S protein. TMPRSS2 is found on the cell surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital epithelium, while cathepsin-L is a part of endosomes. AIM The current review aims to provide information on how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects brain function.. Furthermore, CNS disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are discussed. The many probable mechanisms and paths involved in developing cerebrovascular problems in COVID patients are thoroughly detailed. MAIN BODY There have been reports that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), where it could cause a various illnesses. Patients suffering from COVID-19 experience a range of neurological complications, including sleep disorders, viral encephalitis, headaches, dysgeusia, and cognitive impairment. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients has been reported. Health experts also reported its presence in cortical neurons and human brain organoids. The possible mechanism of virus infiltration into the brain can be neurotropic, direct infiltration and cytokine storm-based pathways. The olfactory lobes could also be the primary pathway for the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 can lead to neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular manifestations, motor movement complications, and cognitive decline. COVID-19 infection can result in cerebrovascular symptoms and diseases, such as strokes and thrombosis. The virus can affect the neural system, disrupt cognitive function and cause neurological disorders. To combat the epidemic, it is crucial to repurpose drugs currently in use quickly and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Tyagi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prachi Rai
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuj Gautam
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumeet Kapoor
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Kwon KW, Kim JW, Moon S, Yoon JH, Youn SH, Hyun SH, Kim HG, Kweon DH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng Relieves Inflammation and Modulates Immune Response Induced by Pseudo-Type SARS-CoV-2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1361-1384. [PMID: 37489113 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the positive effects of KRG on other viruses have been reported and the effects of KRG on pulmonary inflammatory diseases have also been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of KRG-water extract (KRG-WE) in a pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 (PSV)-induced lung injury model. Constructing the pseudovirus, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice were infected via intranasal injection that had been orally administered with KRG-WE for six weeks. After 7-days post infection (dpi), the antiviral effects of KRG-WE were confirmed, followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). KRG-WE significantly inhibited an increase in immunoglobulin caused by PSV. Furthermore, KRG-WE effectively suppressed alveolar macrophages (AMs) inside the lungs and helped normalize the population of other immune cells. In addition, virus-induced gene expression and inflammatory signals such as nuclear factor-kappa B and other upstream molecules were downregulated. Moreover, KRG-WE also normalized gene expression and protein activity in the spleen. In conclusion, KRG-WE reduced AMs, normalized the immune response, and decreased the expression of inflammatory genes and activation of signaling pathway phosphorylation, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and attenuating lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woong Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Moon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Youn
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- Laboratory of Natural Products Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30 Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dueñas-Espín I, Echeverría-Mora M, Montenegro-Fárez C, Baldeón M, Chantong Villacres L, Espejo Cárdenas H, Fornasini M, Ochoa Andrade M, Solís C. Development and validation of a scoring system to predict mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study in two large hospitals in Ecuador. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288106. [PMID: 37459312 PMCID: PMC10351692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a scoring system to predict mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. We analyzed 5,062 analyzed hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated at two hospitals; one each in Quito and Guayaquil, from February to July 2020. We assessed predictors of mortality using survival analyses and Cox models. We randomly divided the database into two sets: (i) the derivation cohort (n = 2497) to identify predictors of mortality, and (ii) the validation cohort (n = 2565) to test the discriminative ability of a scoring system. After multivariate analyses, we used the final model's β-coefficients to build the score. Statistical analyses involved the development of a Cox proportional hazards regression model, assessment of goodness of fit, discrimination, and calibration. RESULTS There was a higher mortality risk for these factors: male sex [(hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03-1.69], per each increase in a quartile of ages (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.67) considering the younger group (17-44 years old) as the reference, presence of hypoxemia (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-1.95), hypoglycemia and hospital hyperglycemia (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.01-3.91, and HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.99-1.62, respectively) when compared with normoglycemia, an AST-ALT ratio >1 (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25-1.92), C-reactive protein level (CRP) of >10 mg/dL (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07-2.08), arterial pH <7.35 (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.08-1.80) when compared with normal pH (7.35-7.45), and a white blood cell count >10 × 103 per μL (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.35-2.29). We found a strong discriminative ability in the proposed score in the validation cohort [AUC of 0.876 (95% CI: 0.822-0.930)], moreover, a cutoff score ≥39 points demonstrates superior performance with a sensitivity of 93.10%, a specificity of 70.28%, and a correct classification rate of 72.66%. The LR+ (3.1328) and LR- (0.0981) values further support its efficacy in identifying high-risk patients. CONCLUSION Male sex, increasing age, hypoxemia, hypoglycemia or hospital hyperglycemia, AST-ALT ratio >1, elevated CRP, altered arterial pH, and leucocytosis were factors significantly associated with higher mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A statistically significant Cox regression model with strong discriminatory power and good calibration was developed to predict mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, highlighting its potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Dueñas-Espín
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Echeverría-Mora
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Camila Montenegro-Fárez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Baldeón
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Chantong Villacres
- Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil, IESS Ceibos, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Marco Fornasini
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Ochoa Andrade
- Hospital General del Sur de Quito, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Solís
- Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil, IESS Ceibos, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Rahman MA, Amin MA, Yeasmin MN, Islam MZ. Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231186481. [PMID: 37461741 PMCID: PMC10350588 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231186481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 coronavirus, which primarily affects the lungs, is the source of the disease known as SARS-CoV-2. According to "Smoking and COVID-19: a scoping review," about 32% of smokers had a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia at their admission time and 15% of non-smokers had this case of COVID-19 pneumonia. We were able to determine which genes were expressed differently in each group by comparing the expression of gene transcriptomic datasets of COVID-19 patients, smokers, and healthy controls. In all, 37 dysregulated genes are common in COVID-19 patients and smokers, according to our analysis. We have applied all important methods namely protein-protein interaction, hub-protein interaction, drug-protein interaction, tf-gene interaction, and gene-MiRNA interaction of bioinformatics to analyze to understand deeply the connection between both smoking and COVID-19 severity. We have also analyzed Pathways and Gene Ontology where 5 significant signaling pathways were validated with previous literature. Also, we verified 7 hub-proteins, and finally, we validated a total of 7 drugs with the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most Nilufa Yeasmin
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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17
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Wang R, Xiong K, Wang Z, Wu D, Hu B, Ruan J, Sun C, Ma D, Li L, Liao S. Immunodiagnosis - the promise of personalized immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216901. [PMID: 37520576 PMCID: PMC10372420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy showed remarkable efficacy in several cancer types. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Evaluating tumor heterogeneity and immune status before treatment is key to identifying patients that are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, and race), immune status, and specific biomarkers all contribute to response to immunotherapy. A comprehensive immunodiagnostic model integrating all these three dimensions by artificial intelligence would provide valuable information for predicting treatment response. Here, we coined the term "immunodiagnosis" to describe the blueprint of the immunodiagnostic model. We illustrated the features that should be included in immunodiagnostic model and the strategy of constructing the immunodiagnostic model. Lastly, we discussed the incorporation of this immunodiagnosis model in clinical practice in hopes of improving the prognosis of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kairong Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghan Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujie Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Ergün S, Sankaranarayanan R, Petrović N. Clinically informative microRNAs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epigenomics 2023; 15:705-716. [PMID: 37661862 PMCID: PMC10476648 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection induced by the newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. miRNA is an example of a strong and direct regulator of a gene's transcriptional activity. The interaction between miRNAs and their target molecules is responsible for homeostasis. Virus-derived and host-derived miRNAs are involved in the activity of hiding from immune system cells, inducing the inflammatory reaction through interplay with associated genes, during SARS-COV-2 infection. Interest in miRNAs has raised the comprehension of the machinery and pathophysiology of SARS-COV-2 infection. In this review, the effects and biological roles of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and life cycle are described. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Ergün
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology & Molecular Genetics, Department of Health & Environment, ‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology & Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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19
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Ma XL, Shi QY, Zhao QG, Xu Q, Yan SS, Han BX, Fang C, Zhang L, Pei YF. Causal associations between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003167. [PMID: 37311601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that type 1 diabetes was associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, their causal relationship is still unclear. Herein, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The summary statistics of type 1 diabetes were obtained from two published genome-wide association studies of European population, one as a discovery sample including 15 573 cases and 158 408 controls, and the other data as a replication sample consisting of 5913 cases and 8828 controls. We first performed a two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal effect of type 1 diabetes on COVID-19 infection and prognosis. Then, reverse MR analysis was conducted to determine whether reverse causality exists. RESULTS MR analysis results showed that the genetically predicted type 1 diabetes was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (OR=1.073, 95% CI: 1.034 to 1.114, pFDR=1.15×10-3) and COVID-19 death (OR=1.075, 95% CI: 1.033 to 1.119, pFDR=1.15×10-3). Analysis of replication dataset showed similar results, namely a positive association between type 1 diabetes and severe COVID-19 (OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.029 to 1.081, pFDR=1.59×10-4), and a positively correlated association with COVID-19 death (OR=1.053, 95% CI: 1.026 to 1.081, pFDR=3.50×10-4). No causal association was observed between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 positive, hospitalized COVID-19, the time to the end of COVID-19 symptoms in the colchicine treatment group and placebo treatment group. Reverse MR analysis showed no reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes had a causal effect on severe COVID-19 and death after COVID-19 infection. Further mechanistic studies are needed to explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 infection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ling Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bai-Xue Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Castro-Vásquez C, Bass M, Díaz G, Camargo M, Cubillos J, Alvarez S, Garcia-Rairan L, Sandoval N, Sandoval A, Patiño AM, Lall MD. The Comorbidities, Radiographic Findings, Age, and Lymphopenia (CORAL) Tool: A Diagnostic Ally for Emergency Physicians Created for the COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond. Cureus 2023; 15:e41036. [PMID: 37519571 PMCID: PMC10373796 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a novel clinical approach to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted including adults ≥ 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency department and admitted to the ICU between March and July 2020 in an academic hospital. The outcome variables were mortality and ICU admission. Additional variables that were collected included sex, age, comorbidities, symptom phenotype, and laboratory (lymphopenia) and imaging findings. A logistic regression model was used to construct and validate the risk models. RESULTS A total of 808 patients were included in the study; 61.9% were men. The mean age was 57.8 ± 15.9 years, and high blood pressure (HBP) was the most prevalent comorbidity (31.8%). Seventy-six (9.4%) patients were admitted to the ICU. Age ≥ 60 years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lymphopenia, and imaging findings correlated with mortality. Age ≥ 60 years, lymphopenia (<1,000 cells per microliter), and hypothyroidism correlated with ICU admission. These variables were incorporated into a scoring system (Comorbidities, Radiographic findings, Age, and Lymphopenia (CORAL) tool) to predict mortality and ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS Our Comorbidities, Radiographic findings, Age, and Lymphopenia (CORAL) tool is a practical tool for different clinical settings independent of access to advanced medical resources or technologies. CORAL is suitable for emergency physicians in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Castro-Vásquez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Trinity Health Livonia Hospital, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Livonia, USA
| | - Michelle Bass
- Department of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogotá, COL
| | - Gustavo Díaz
- Institute of Research in Nutrition, Genetics, and Metabolism, El Bosque University, Bogotá, COL
| | - Manuel Camargo
- Department of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogotá, COL
| | - Julian Cubillos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, COL
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, COL
| | - Andres M Patiño
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Michelle D Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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21
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Barbalho SM, Minniti G, Miola VFB, Haber JFDS, Bueno PCDS, de Argollo Haber LS, Girio RSJ, Detregiachi CRP, Dall'Antonia CT, Rodrigues VD, Nicolau CCT, Catharin VMCS, Araújo AC, Laurindo LF. Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:1349. [PMID: 37408184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 that induces a generalized inflammatory state. Organokines (adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines) can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the role of organokines on COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and 37 studies were selected, comprising more than 2700 individuals infected with the virus. Among COVID-19 patients, organokines have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and multiple organ failure due to augmented cytokines and increased SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion can directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the infection, promoting immune response alterations, and predicting the disease progression. These molecules have the potential to be used as adjuvant biomarkers to predict the severity of the illness and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina Francisco Dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Diabetes (CENID), School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cincotto Dos Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul S J Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiveron Dall'Antonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia C T Nicolau
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
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22
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Pei J, Guo B, Zhang G, Li M, Huang L. Identification of phytochemical compounds of Fagopyrum dibotrys and their targets by metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14029. [PMID: 36911881 PMCID: PMC9977108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe lung illness with high incidence rate and mortality. Especially, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to world wide governmental fitness. It has distributed to almost from corner to corner of the universe, and the situation in the prevention and control of COVID-19 remains grave. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a vital role in the precaution and therapy of sicknesses. At present, there is a lack of drugs for treating these diseases, so it is necessary to develop drugs for treating COVID-19 related ALI. Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara is an annual plant of the Polygonaceae family and one of the long-history used traditional medicine in China. In recent years, its rhizomes (medicinal parts) have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad due to their significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer activities. It can work on SARS-COV-2 with numerous components, targets, and pathways, and has a certain effect on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related acute lung injury (ALI). However, there are few systematic studies on its aerial parts (including stems and leaves) and its potential therapeutic mechanism has not been studied. The phytochemical constituents of rhizome of F. dibotrys were collected using TCMSP database. And metabolites of F. dibotrys' s aerial parts were detected by metabonomics. The phytochemical targets of F. dibotrys were predicted by the PharmMapper website tool. COVID-19 and ALI-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards. Cross targets and active phytochemicals of COVID-19 and ALI related genes in F. dibotrys were enriched by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG by metscape bioinformatics tools. The interplay network entre active phytochemicals and anti COVID-19 and ALI targets was established and broke down using Cytoscape software. Discovery Studio (version 2019) was used to perform molecular docking of crux active plant chemicals with anti COVID-19 and ALI targets. We identified 1136 chemicals from the aerial parts of F. dibotrys, among which 47 were active flavonoids and phenolic chemicals. A total of 61 chemicals were searched from the rhizome of F. dibotrys, and 15 of them were active chemicals. So there are 6 commonly key active chemicals at the aerial parts and the rhizome of F. dibotrys, 89 these phytochemicals's potential targets, and 211 COVID-19 and ALI related genes. GO enrichment bespoken that F. dibotrys might be involved in influencing gene targets contained numerous biological processes, for instance, negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation, regulation of DNA metabolic process, which could be put down to its anti COVID-19 associated ALI effects. KEGG pathway indicated that viral carcinogenesis, spliceosome, salmonella infection, coronavirus disease - COVID-19, legionellosis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection pathway are the primary pathways obsessed in the anti COVID-19 associated ALI effects of F. dibotrys. Molecular docking confirmed that the 6 critical active phytochemicals of F. dibotrys, such as luteolin, (+) -epicatechin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, (+) -catechin, and (-) -catechin gallate, can combine with kernel therapeutic targets NEDD8, SRPK1, DCUN1D1, and PARP1. In vitro activity experiments showed that the total antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts and rhizomes of F. dibotrys increased with the increase of concentration in a certain range. In addition, as a whole, the antioxidant capacity of the aerial part of F. dibotrys was stronger than that of the rhizome. Our research afford cues for farther exploration of the anti COVID-19 associated ALI chemical compositions and mechanisms of F. dibotrys and afford scientific foundation for progressing modern anti COVID-19 associated ALI drugs based on phytochemicals in F. dibotrys. We also fully developed the medicinal value of F. dibotrys' s aerial parts, which can effectively avoid the waste of resources. Meanwhile, our work provides a new strategy for integrating metabonomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques which was an efficient way for recognizing effective constituents and mechanisms valid to the pharmacologic actions of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BC, BetweennessCentrality
- CC, ClosenessCentrality
- CHM, Chinese herbal medicines
- COVID-19 related ALI, Coronavirus disease 2019 related acute lung injury
- Coronavirus disease 2019 related acute lung injury
- DL, drug-like properties
- Fagopyrum dibotrys
- GO, Gene Ontology
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- Molecular docking
- NC, NeighborhoodConnectivity
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung carcinoma
- Network pharmacology
- OB, oral bioavailability
- PARP-1, Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1
- PDB, Protein Data Bank database
- PPI network, protein-protein interaction network
- RMSD, Root mean square deviation
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMSP, traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform
- WTM, widely targeted metabolome
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Corresponding author. College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Desai N, Pradhan V, Chougule D, Tiwari S, Mandke C, Yadav RM, Athvale A, Kawle J, Pai V, Pawaskar S, Kharkar H, Bhosale S, Parab A, Ansari S, Kumar KH, Mhashal S, Redkar N, Madkaikar M. Perturbations of immune landscape in COVID-19 associated mucormycosis. Mycoses 2023; 66:226-236. [PMID: 36380699 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rise in secondary fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates a deeper understanding of the associated immunological perturbations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics observed in patients with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) infection. PATIENTS/ METHODS Cases of mucormycosis with or post-COVID-19 infection were compared with cases of acute COVID-19 and convalescent COVID-19. Lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and other laboratory markers were compared between the groups. RESULTS The frequency of proposed risk factors for CAM was diabetes mellitus (77%), recent history of steroid use (69%) and hypoxia during COVID-19 infection (52%). Iron metabolism was dysregulated in CAM patients with low TIBC and total iron. Further, CAM was accompanied with lymphopenia with drastic reduction in B cell counts; however, plasmablasts were not altered. Further, CAM patients had low immunoglobulin levels and antibodies specific to mucor peptide did not increase in CAM suggesting dysfunction in B-cell response. There was increase in activated effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells and NK cells in CAM compared with COVID-19 infection and healthy controls. Among T helper cells, Tregs were reduced and Th-1 frequency was increased in CAM compared with COVID-19 infection. A distinct cytokine signature was evident in CAM with increase in IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-22, IL-17A, IL-10, IL-2, IL-8, IL-7, IL-21 and GM-CSF. CONCLUSION This is the first study on immunophenotyping in CAM suggesting the need for long-term monitoring of B-cell function after SARS-CoV-2 in patients with dysregulated glycaemic control and the possible benefit of therapeutic supplementation with intravenous immunoglobulins in CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Desai
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Pradhan
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Durga Chougule
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Smrati Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, G.S. Medical College, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Charuta Mandke
- Department of Ophthalmology, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Reetika Malik Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Amita Athvale
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, G.S. Medical College, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Juhi Kawle
- Department of Medicine, G.S. Medical College, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinayak Pai
- Department of Medicine, G.S. Medical College, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Swapnal Pawaskar
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshada Kharkar
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Snehal Bhosale
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Parab
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shazia Ansari
- Department of Ophthalmology, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Kinnera Harish Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shashikant Mhashal
- Department of Otolaryngology, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelam Redkar
- Department of Medicine, HBT Medical College and Dr R N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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Yilmaz G, Bulut H, Ozden Omaygenc D, Akca A, Can E, Tuten N, Bestel A, Erdem B, Atmaca UO, Kara Y, Kaya E, Unsel M, Sahin AS, Salihoglu Z. Baseline serum vitamin A and vitamin C levels and their association with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2023; 94:e2023007. [PMID: 36786260 PMCID: PMC9987489 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i1.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the association between the serum concentrations of Vitamin A and Vitamin C and the severity of the COVID-19. Methods: Fifty-three consecutive PCR (+) COVID-19 patients admitted to a dedicated ward were enrolled in this study. Blood samples for serum Vitamin A and C measurements were drawn from all participants upon admission. All subjects underwent thoracic CT imaging prior to hospitalization. CT severity score (CT-SS) was then calculated for determining the extent of pulmonary involvement. A group of healthy volunteers, in whom COVID-19 was ruled out, were assigned to the control group (n=26). These groups were compared by demographic features and serum vitamin A and C levels. The relationship between serum concentrations of these vitamins and pre-defined outcome measures, CT-SS and length of hospitalization (LOH), was also assessed. Results: In COVID-19 patients, serum Vitamin A (ng/ml, 494±96 vs. 698±93; p<0.001) and Vitamin C (ng/ml, 2961 [1991-31718] vs. 3953 [1385-8779]; p=0.007) levels were significantly lower with respect to healthy controls. According to the results of correlation analyses, there was a significant negative association between Vitamin A level and outcome measures (LOH, r=-0.293; p=0.009 and CT-SS, r=-0.289; p=0.010). The negative correlations between Vitamin C level and those measures were even more prominent (LOH, r=-0.478; p<0.001 and CT-SS, r=-0.734: p<0.001). CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients had lower baseline serum Vitamin A and Vitamin C levels as compared to healthy controls. In subjects with COVID-19, Vitamin A and Vitamin C levels were negatively correlated with CT-SS and LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulseren Yilmaz
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huri Bulut
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Aysu Akca
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Can
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Tuten
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Bestel
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Baki Erdem
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Uygar Ozan Atmaca
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Kara
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Kaya
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Critical Care, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Unsel
- Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayca Sultan Sahin
- Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ziya Salihoglu
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Gabrielson K, Myers S, Yi J, Gabrielson E, Jimenez IA. Comparison of Cardiovascular Pathology In Animal Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Recommendations Regarding Standardization of Research Methods. Comp Med 2023; 73:58-71. [PMID: 36731878 PMCID: PMC9948900 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the viral pathogen that led to the global COVID-19 pandemic that began in late 2019. Because SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes a respiratory disease, much research conducted to date has focused on the respiratory system. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection also affects other organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. In this critical analysis of published data, we evaluate the evidence of cardiovascular pathology in human patients and animals. Overall, we find that the presence or absence of cardiovascular pathology is reported infrequently in both human autopsy studies and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, in those studies that have reported cardiovascular pathology, we identified issues in their design and execution that reduce confidence in the conclusions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection as a cause of significant cardiovascular pathology. Throughout this overview, we expand on these limitations and provide recommendations to ensure a high level of scientific rigor and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Myers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas; and
| | - Jena Yi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel A Jimenez
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Franchini M, Focosi D. Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and acquired hemophilia A: A case report and literature update. Thromb Res 2023; 222:7-11. [PMID: 36542943 PMCID: PMC9759814 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Linnhoff S, Koehler L, Haghikia A, Zaehle T. The therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of Long-COVID-related cognitive fatigue. Front Immunol 2023; 13:935614. [PMID: 36700201 PMCID: PMC9869163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an acute COVID-19 infection, a large number of patients experience persisting symptoms for more than four weeks, a condition now classified as Long-COVID syndrome. Interestingly, the likelihood and severity of Long-COVID symptoms do not appear to be related to the severity of the acute COVID-19 infection. Fatigue is amongst the most common and debilitating symptoms of Long-COVID. Other symptomes include dyspnoea, chest pain, olfactory disturbances, and brain fog. Fatigue is also frequently reported in many other neurological diseases, affecting a broad range of everyday activities. However, despite its clinical significance, limited progress has been made in understanding its causes and developing effective treatment options. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods offer the unique opportunity to modulate fatigue-related maladaptive neuronal activity. Recent data show promising results of NIBS applications over frontoparietal regions to reduce fatigue symptoms. In this current paper, we review recent data on Long-COVID and Long-COVID-related fatigue (LCOF), with a special focus on cognitive fatigue. We further present widely used NIBS methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and propose their use as possible therapeutic strategies to alleviate individual pathomechanisms of LCOF. Since NIBS methods are safe and well-tolerated, they have the potential to enhance the quality of life in a broad group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Linnhoff
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lilli Koehler
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Tino Zaehle,
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Gietl M, Burkert F, Seiwald S, Böhm A, Hofer S, Gostner JM, Piater T, Geisler S, Weiss G, Loeffler-Ragg J, Sonnweber T, Tancevski I, Pizzini A, Sahanic S, Fuchs D, Bellmann-Weiler R, Kurz K. Interferon-gamma Mediated Metabolic Pathways in Hospitalized Patients During Acute and Reconvalescent COVID-19. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231154244. [PMID: 37038445 PMCID: PMC10076985 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatigue, sleep disturbance, and neurological symptoms during and after COVID-19 are common and might be associated with inflammation-induced changes in tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism. Aim: This pilot study investigated interferon gamma inducible biochemical pathways (namely Trp catabolism, neopterin, tyrosine [Tyr], and nitrite formation) during acute COVID-19 and reconvalescence. Patients and methods: Thirty one patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 admitted to the University Hospital of Innsbruck in early 2020 (March-May) were followed up. Neurotransmitter precursors Trp, Phe, Tyr as well as kynurenine (Kyn), neopterin, nitrite, and routine laboratory parameters were analyzed during acute infection and at a follow-up (FU) 60 days thereafter. Clinical symptoms of patients (neurological symptoms, fatigue, sleep disturbance) were recorded and associations with concentrations of laboratory parameters investigated. Results and conclusion: Almost half of the patients suffered from neurological symptoms (48.4%), the majority of patients experienced sleep difficulties (56.7%) during acute COVID-19. Fatigue was present in nearly all patients. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, Kyn, Phe concentrations were significantly increased, and Trp levels depleted during acute COVID-19. Patients with sleep impairment and neurological symptoms during acute illness presented with increased CRP and IL-6 concentrations, Trp levels were lower in patients with sleep disturbance. In general, inflammatory markers declined during reconvalescence. A high percentage of patients suffered from persistent symptoms at FU (neurological symptoms: 17.2%, fatigue: 51.7%, sleeping disturbance: 34.5%) and had higher CRP concentrations. Nitrite and Phe levels were lower in patients with sleeping difficulties at FU and Kyn/Trp ratio, as indicator of IDO activity, was significantly lower in patients with neurological symptoms compared to patients without them at FU. In summary, inflammation induced alterations of amino acid metabolism might be related to acute and persisting symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gietl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Burkert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Seiwald
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Hofer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Talia Piater
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Geisler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Loeffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocentre, Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
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Xing Y, Zhang Q, Jiu Y. Coronavirus and the Cytoskeleton of Virus-Infected Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:333-364. [PMID: 38159233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, which includes actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, is one of the most important networks in the cell and undertakes many fundamental life activities. Among them, actin filaments are mainly responsible for maintaining cell shape and mediating cell movement, microtubules are in charge of coordinating all cargo transport within the cell, and intermediate filaments are mainly thought to guard against external mechanical pressure. In addition to this, cytoskeleton networks are also found to play an essential role in multiple viral infections. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, so many variants have caused wide public concern, that any virus infection can potentially bring great harm to human beings and society. Therefore, it is of great importance to study coronavirus infection and develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this chapter, we summarize in detail how the cytoskeleton responds and participates in coronavirus infection by analyzing the possibility of the cytoskeleton and its related proteins as antiviral targets, thereby providing ideas for finding more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Singh M, Pushpakumar S, Bard N, Zheng Y, Homme RP, Mokshagundam SPL, Tyagi SC. Simulation of COVID-19 symptoms in a genetically engineered mouse model: implications for the long haulers. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:103-119. [PMID: 35731343 PMCID: PMC9214689 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic (also known as coronavirus disease-19; COVID-19) by a constantly emerging viral agent commonly referred as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 has revealed unique pathological findings from infected human beings, and the postmortem observations. The list of disease symptoms, and postmortem observations is too long to mention; however, SARS-CoV-2 has brought with it a whole new clinical syndrome in "long haulers" including dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, brain fog, exercise intolerance, and extreme fatigue. We opine that further improvement in delivering effective treatment, and preventive strategies would be benefited from validated animal disease models. In this context, we designed a study, and show that a genetically engineered mouse expressing the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ACE-2 (the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 agent to enter host cells) represents an excellent investigative resource in simulating important clinical features of the COVID-19. The ACE-2 mouse model (which is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2) when administered with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) intranasally exhibited a profound cytokine storm capable of altering the physiological parameters including significant changes in cardiac function along with multi-organ damage that was further confirmed via histological findings. More importantly, visceral organs from SP treated mice revealed thrombotic blood clots as seen during postmortem examination. Thus, the ACE-2 engineered mouse appears to be a suitable model for studying intimate viral pathogenesis thus paving the way for identification, and characterization of appropriate prophylactics as well as therapeutics for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nia Bard
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash L Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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31
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Motallebnezhad M, Omraninava M, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Bagheri Y, Izadi M, Ahmadi M. Potential therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154280. [PMID: 36580795 PMCID: PMC9759301 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has emerged as a global health crisis. Recently, more than 50 different types of potential COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to elicit a strong immune response against SARS-CoV-2. However, genetic mutations give rise to the new variants of SARS-CoV-2 which is highly associated with the reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. There is still no efficient antiviral agent to specifically target the SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to discovering a novel potential therapeutic approach to the management of COVID-19. Recently, extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapeutic strategies have received great attention on account of their potential benefits in the administration of viral diseases. EVs are extracellular vesicles containing specific biomolecules which play an important role in cell-to-cell communications. It has been revealed that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases such as cancer and viral infections. EVs are released from virus-infected cells which could mediate the interaction of infected and uninfected host cells. Hence, these extracellular nanoparticles have been considered a novel approach for drug delivery to mediate the treatment of a wide range of diseases including, COVID-19. EVs are considered a cell-free therapeutic strategy that could ameliorate the cytokine storm and its complications in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, EV-based cargo delivery such as immunomodulatory agents in combination with antiviral drugs may have therapeutic benefits in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will highlight the potential of EVs as a therapeutic candidate in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Also, we will discuss the future perspectives regarding the beneficial effects of Evs in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melodi Omraninava
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Nematollah Jonaidi-Jafari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Bagheri
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Izadi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yu D, Chen P, Zhang X, Wang H, Dhuromsingh M, Wu J, Qin B, Guo S, Zhang B, Li C, Zeng H. Association of lymphopenia and RDW elevation with risk of mortality in acute aortic dissection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283008. [PMID: 36920980 PMCID: PMC10016706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate whether lymphopenia and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) elevation are associated with an increased risk of mortality in acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with AAD by aortic computed tomographic angiography (CTA) from 2010 to 2021 in five teaching hospitals in central-western China. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were used in univariable and multivariable models. Clinical outcomes were defined as all-cause in-hospital mortality, while associations were evaluated between lymphopenia, accompanied by an elevated RDW, and risk of mortality. RESULTS Of 1903 participants, the median age was 53 (interquartile range [IQR], 46-62) years, and females accounted for 21.9%. Adjusted increased risk of mortality was linearly related to the decreasing lymphocyte percentage (P-non-linearity = 0.942) and increasing RDW (P-non-linearity = 0.612), and per standard deviation (SD) of increment lymphocyte percentage and RDW was associated with the 26% (0.74, 0.64-0.84) decrement and 5% (1.05, 0.95-1.15) increment in hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality, respectively. Importantly, lymphopenia and elevation of RDW exhibited a significant interaction with increasing the risk of AAD mortality (P-value for interaction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Lymphopenia accompanied by the elevation of RDW, which may reflect the immune dysregulation of AAD patients, is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Assessment of immunological biomarkers derived from routine tests may provide novel perspectives for identifying the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Menaka Dhuromsingh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyu Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BQ); (SG); (BZ); (CL); (HZ)
| | - Suping Guo
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BQ); (SG); (BZ); (CL); (HZ)
| | - Baoquan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- * E-mail: (BQ); (SG); (BZ); (CL); (HZ)
| | - Chunwen Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (BQ); (SG); (BZ); (CL); (HZ)
| | - Hesong Zeng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (BQ); (SG); (BZ); (CL); (HZ)
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Van Delen M, Janssens I, Dams A, Roosens L, Ogunjimi B, Berneman ZN, Derdelinckx J, Cools N. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induce Apoptosis-Independent T Cell Hyporesponsiveness of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cells in an Antigen-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315201. [PMID: 36499533 PMCID: PMC9740551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing, there are currently no specific and highly efficient drugs for COVID-19 available, particularly in severe cases. Recent findings demonstrate that severe COVID-19 disease that requires hospitalization is associated with the hyperactivation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In this study, we aimed to counteract this high inflammatory state by inducing T-cell hyporesponsiveness in a SARS-CoV-2-specific manner using tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC). In vitro-activated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were isolated and stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide-loaded monocyte-derived tolDC or with SARS-CoV-2 peptide-loaded conventional (conv) DC. We demonstrate a significant decrease in the number of interferon (IFN)-γ spot-forming cells when SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were stimulated with tolDC as compared to stimulation with convDC. Importantly, this IFN-γ downmodulation in SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was antigen-specific, since T cells retain their capacity to respond to an unrelated antigen and are not mediated by T cell deletion. Altogether, we have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 peptide-pulsed tolDC induces SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness in an antigen-specific manner as compared to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific convDC. These observations underline the clinical potential of tolDC to correct the immunological imbalance in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Van Delen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ibo Janssens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amber Dams
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), VAXINFECTIO, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi N. Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Judith Derdelinckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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34
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Spence AB, Desale S, Lee J, Kumar P, Huang X, Cooper SE, Fernandez S, Kassaye SG. COVID-19 Outcomes in a US Cohort of Persons Living with HIV (PLWH). REPORTS 2022; 5:41. [PMID: 37063094 PMCID: PMC10104440 DOI: 10.3390/reports5040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in persons living with HIV (PLWH) vary across cohorts. We examined clinical characteristics and outcomes of PLWH with COVID-19 compared with a matched HIV-seronegative cohort in a mid-Atlantic US healthcare system. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with hospitalization and death/mechanical ventilation among PLWH. Among 281 PLWH with COVID-19, the mean age was 51.5 (SD 12.74) years, 63% were male, 86% were Black, and 87% had a HIV viral load <200 copies/mL. Overall, 47% of PLWH versus 24% (p < 0.001) of matched HIV-seronegative individuals were hospitalized. Rates of COVID-19 associated cardiovascular and thrombotic events, AKI, and infections were similar between PLWH and HIV-seronegative individuals. Overall mortality was 6% (n = 18/281) in PLWH versus 3% (n = 33/1124) HIV-seronegative, p < 0.0001. Among admitted patients, mortality was 14% (n = 18/132) for PLWH and 13% (n = 33/269) for HIV-seronegative, p = 0.75. Among PLWH, hospitalization associated with older age aOR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.06), Medicaid insurance aOR 2.61 (95% CI 1.39, 4.97) and multimorbidity aOR 2.98 (95% CI 1.72, 5.23). Death/mechanical ventilation associated with older age aOR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01, 1.11), Medicaid insurance aOR 3.6 (95% CI 1.36, 9.74), and multimorbidity aOR 4.4 (95% CI 1.55, 15.9) in adjusted analyses. PLWH were hospitalized more frequently than the HIV-seronegative group and had a higher overall mortality rate, but once hospitalized had similar mortality rates. Older age, multimorbidity and insurance status associated with more severe outcomes among PLWH suggesting the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate the effects of modifiable inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Blair Spence
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sameer Desale
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Xu Huang
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Stanley Evan Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | - Seble G. Kassaye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Al Mehmadi AE, Aldawood SM, Hawsawi A, Fatini F, Mulla ZM, Nawwab W, Alshareef A, Almhmadi AH, Ahmed A, Bokhari A, Alzahrani AG. Septic Shock: Management and Outcomes. Cureus 2022; 14:e32158. [PMID: 36601152 PMCID: PMC9807186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of sepsis and septic shock as a complication have become more common over the past several decades. With this increase, sepsis remains the most common cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and one of the most mortality factors, with a huge burden on healthcare facilities. Septic shock has devastating consequences on patients' lives, including organ failures and other long-term complications. Due to its dynamic clinical presentations, guidelines and tools have been established to improve the diagnosis and management effectively. However, there is still a need for evidence-based standardized procedures for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of sepsis and septic shock patients due to the inconsistency of current guidelines and studies contrasting with each other. The standardization would help physicians better manage sepsis, minimize complications and reduce mortality. Septic shock is usually challenging to manage due to its variety of clinical characteristics and physiologic dynamics, affecting the outcomes. Therefore, this review presented the available data in the literature on septic shock diagnosis, management, and prognosis to have an overview of the updated best practice approach to septic shock.
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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Neuro–Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111256. [PMID: 36365007 PMCID: PMC9699641 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has affected the world since 2019. Interstitial pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation, but additional symptoms have been reported, including neurological manifestations. Severe forms of infection, especially in elderly patients, present as an excessive inflammatory response called “cytokine storm”, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and clinical outcomes or the characteristics of virus–host interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight possible links between neurological involvement and respiratory damage mediated by pathological inflammatory pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will focus on neuro–immune interactions and age-related immunity decline and discuss some pathological mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we will describe available therapeutic strategies and their effects on COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
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Wang ZP, Hua M, Jiu T, Ge RL, Bai Z. Biofunctional roles of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019: Beyond a steroid hormone. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003469. [PMID: 36339571 PMCID: PMC9626865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemic poses a major global public health threat with more than one million daily new infections and hundreds of deaths. To combat this global pandemic, efficient prevention and management strategies are urgently needed. Together with the main characteristics of COVID-19, impaired coagulation with dysfunctions of the immune response in COVID-19 pathophysiology causes high mortality and morbidity. From recent clinical observations, increased expression of specific types of estrogen appears to protect patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby, reducing mortality. COVID-19 severity is less common in women than in men, particularly in menopausal women. Furthermore, estrogen levels are negatively correlated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. These findings suggest that estrogen plays a protective role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of estrogen in blocking the SARS-CoV-2 from invading alveolar cells and replicating, and summarize the potential mechanisms of anti-inflammation, immune modulation, reactive oxygen species resistance, anti-thrombosis, vascular dilation, and vascular endothelium protection. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of estrogen against COVID-19 are reviewed. This review provides insights into the role of estrogen and its use as a potential strategy to reduce the mortality associated with COVID-19, and possibly other viral infections and discusses the possible challenges and pertinent questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Wang
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Mao Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tai Jiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center of High-Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Joint Lab of Qinghai-Utah for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center of High-Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Joint Lab of Qinghai-Utah for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Swartzman I, Gu JJ, Toner Z, Grover R, Suresh L, Ullman LE. Prevalence of Myositis-Specific Autoantibodies and Myositis-Associated Autoantibodies in COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study and Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29752. [PMID: 36324355 PMCID: PMC9617586 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been linked to numerous autoimmune manifestations. Neither the mechanism nor the etiology of this association has been fully explored or elucidated. Prior studies have detected myositis in patients with proven COVID-19 infection, suggesting a relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the development of myositis. Studies have reported elevated levels of autoimmune antibodies, including myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs), in patients with COVID-19 infection, however the prevalence is not well documented. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of MSAs and MAAs in COVID-19 patients compared with unaffected subjects. Serum samples from 74 unvaccinated, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 infected patients were compared with serum samples from 41 healthy, unaffected individuals. All serum samples were tested for MSA and MAA reactivity. Within the COVID-19-positive group, six (8.1%) patients exhibited MSA/MAA positivity, compared with only one (2.4%) individual from the control group. Although a higher prevalence of MSA/MAA positivity was observed within the COVID-19 infected group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.223). The autoantibodies detected in this study have a unique association with dermatomyositis and other inflammatory myopathies, and may play a role in COVID-19-associated myopathy. This article was previously presented as an abstract at Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Research Day on June 3rd, 2022.
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Uranga A, Urrechaga E, Aguirre U, Intxausti M, Ruiz-Martinez C, Goicoechea MJLD, Ponga C, Quintana JM, Sancho C, Sanz P, España PP, Uranga A, Artaraz A, Ballaz A, Dorado S, Pascual S, Aguirre U, Quintana JM, Villanueva A, Mar C, Ponga C, Arriaga I, Intxausti M, Fernandez D, Benito I, Ruiz-Martinez C, Ugeda J, Sanz P, Bernardo I, España PP. Utility of Differential White Cell Count and Cell Population Data for Ruling Out COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:802-808. [PMID: 36243636 PMCID: PMC9489980 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study was to assess the utility of differential white cell count and cell population data (CPD) for the detection of COVID-19 in patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of different etiologies. METHODS This was a multicenter, observational, prospective study of adults aged ≥18 years admitted to three teaching hospitals in Spain from November 2019 to November 2021 with a diagnosis of CAP. At baseline, a Sysmex XN-20 analyzer was used to obtain detailed information related to the activation status and functional activity of white cells. RESULTS The sample was split into derivation and validation cohorts of 1065 and 717 patients, respectively. In the derivation cohort, COVID-19 was confirmed in 791 patients and ruled out in 274 patients, with mean ages of 62.13 (14.37) and 65.42 (16.62) years, respectively (p<0.001). There were significant differences in all CPD parameters except MO-Y. The multivariate prediction model showed that lower NE-X, NE-WY, LY-Z, LY-WY, MO-WX, MO-WY, and MO-Z values and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were related to COVID-19 etiology with an AUC of 0.819 (0.790, 0.846). No significant differences were found comparing this model to another including biomarkers (p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in white blood cell morphology based on a few cell population data values as well as NLR were able to accurately identify COVID-19 etiology. Moreover, systemic inflammation biomarkers currently used were unable to improve the predictive ability. We conclude that new peripheral blood biomarkers can help determine the etiology of CAP fast and inexpensively.
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Lessons from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Infections: What We Know So Far. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:1156273. [PMID: 35992513 PMCID: PMC9391183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1156273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within past decades, human infections with emerging and reemerging zoonotic viral pathogens have raised the eminent public health concern. Since November 2002, three highly pathogenic and major deadly human coronaviruses of the βετα-genera (β-hCoVs), namely, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have been globally emerged and culminated in the occurrence of SARS epidemic, MERS outbreak, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, respectively. The global emergence and spread of these three major deadly β-hCoVs have extremely dreadful impacts on human health and become an economic burden. Unfortunately, clear specific and highly efficient medical countermeasures for these three β-hCoVs and their underlying fatal illnesses remain under development. Although they belong to the same family and share many features and convergent evolution, these three deadly β-hCoVs have some important and obvious differences. By utilizing their lessons and gaining a deeper understanding of these β-hCoVs, we can identify areas of improvement and provide preparedness plans for fighting and controlling the future reemerging human infections that might arise from them or from other potential pathogenic hCoVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art information and compares the similarities and dissimilarities between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, in terms of their evolution trait, genome organization, host cell entry mechanisms, tissue infectivity tropisms, transmission routes and contagiousness, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory features, and immunological abnormalities of their related illnesses. It also provides an overview of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, it discusses the challenges of the most proposed treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Garcinuño S, Gil-Etayo FJ, Mancebo E, López-Nevado M, Lalueza A, Díaz-Simón R, Pleguezuelo DE, Serrano M, Cabrera-Marante O, Allende LM, Paz-Artal E, Serrano A. Effective Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Is an Essential Key in COVID-19 Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126577. [PMID: 35743021 PMCID: PMC9224310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NK degranulation plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of innate immunity in the clearance of intracellular infections and is an important factor in the outcome of the disease. This work has studied NK degranulation and innate immunological profiles and functionalities in COVID-19 patients and its association with the severity of the disease. A prospective observational study with 99 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were grouped according to hospital requirements and severity. Innate immune cell subpopulations and functionalities were analyzed. The profile and functionality of innate immune cells differ between healthy controls and severe patients; CD56dim NK cells increased and MAIT cells and NK degranulation rates decreased in the COVID-19 subjects. Higher degranulation rates were observed in the non-severe patients and in the healthy controls compared to the severe patients. Benign forms of the disease had a higher granzymeA/granzymeB ratio than complex forms. In a multivariate analysis, the degranulation capacity resulted in a protective factor against severe forms of the disease (OR: 0.86), whereas the permanent expression of NKG2D in NKT cells was an independent risk factor (OR: 3.81; AUC: 0.84). In conclusion, a prompt and efficient degranulation functionality in the early stages of infection could be used as a tool to identify patients who will have a better evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcinuño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Etayo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Mancebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Díaz-Simón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Enrique Pleguezuelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.); (F.J.G.-E.); (E.M.); (M.L.-N.); (A.L.); (D.E.P.); (M.S.); (O.C.-M.); (L.M.A.); (E.P.-A.)
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-652-085-293
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Patil SA, Dygert L, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ, Cohen EJ. Apparent lack of association of COVID-19 vaccination with Herpes Zoster. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101549. [PMID: 35474754 PMCID: PMC9021123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herpes zoster (HZ) has been identified as a potential association with the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination. This study evaluated this possible association in a cohort of patients receiving the vaccination. Methods Epic electronic health records of adult patients who received at least one COVID-19 vaccination between January 12, 2020 and 9/30/2021 within the NYU Langone Health were reviewed to analyze a new diagnosis of herpes zoster within 3 months before compared to 3 months after vaccination. Results Of the 596,111 patients who received at least one COVID-19 vaccination, 716 patients were diagnosed with HZ within three months prior to vaccination, compared to 781 patients diagnosed within 3 months afterwards. Using the chi-square test for independence of proportions, there was not a statistically significant difference in frequency of HZ before (proportion: 0.0012, 95% CI: [0.0011, 0.0013]) vs. after vaccination (proportion: 0.0013, 95% CI: [0.0012, 0.0014]); (p = 0.093). Conclusions and importance This study did not find evidence of an association between COVID-19 vaccination and a new diagnosis of HZ. We encourage health care professionals to strongly recommend COVID-19 vaccinations per Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendations and vaccination against HZ according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the recombinant zoster vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi A. Patil
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Levi Dygert
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Steven L. Galetta
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, 220 E. 41st St. 4floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, 220 E. 41st St. 4floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elisabeth J. Cohen
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, 220 E. 41st St. 4floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
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Gomazkov OA. Neuropilin Is a New Player in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [PMCID: PMC9294753 DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract—A family of glycoproteins called neuropilins is gaining attention as a new contributor to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The concept of penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is traditionally associated with the receptor role of the ACE2 protein. New evidence suggests that it is possible to enhance pulmonary viral infection by involvement of neuropilins. Neuropilins have two prominent features: (a) a wide range of participation in cellular and tissue processes; (b) a concomitant enhancement of effects associated with the co-reception of regulatory proteins. These features determine the special role of functionally disseminated neuropilins in the pathogenesis of vascular system damage, immunothrombosis, and organ damage with comorbid manifestations during COVID-19. However, the presentation of neuropilins as a generalized therapeutic target that has a corrective effect on the affected areas is an ambiguous approach and requires a selective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gomazkov
- Orekhovich Scientific Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Taherifard E, Movahed H, Kiani Salmi S, Taherifard A, Abdollahifard S, Taherifard E. Cytomegalovirus coinfection in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a systematic review of reported cases. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:543-557. [PMID: 35522073 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems is observed in severe coronavirus disease 2019 which, together with administration of immunosuppressive drugs, could lead to cytomegalovirus coinfection or reactivation associated with a poorer outcome. The current study aimed to systematically review the pattern, presentations, clinical course and outcome of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and cytomegalovirus coinfection. METHODS Three online databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, were searched, and after excluding duplicates and irrelevant reports, eligible articles were identified. Information about patients' age and gender, comorbidities, presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 and cytomegalovirus, treatment courses and outcomes were extracted. RESULTS A total of 34 reports with 59 patients with coinfection were considered to be eligible for data extraction. A majority of patients were middle-aged or elderly (84.5%). More than three-fourths (79.2%) had at least one comorbidity. Cytomegalovirus viremia was documented in 43 patients. The most common end organ involved was the gastrointestinal tract in 13 patients (48.1% of 27 patients with end organ involvement), mostly as cytomegalovirus colitis, followed by the respiratory tract in 12 patients. There was a significant association between intubation and fatal outcome (p = .011). CONCLUSION We comprehensively reviewed published cases with coronavirus disease 2019 and cytomegalovirus reactivation. The findings may assist in appraising signs and symptoms for early suspicion, detection and treatment in patients with unusual clinical courses or with severe, prolonged or unexplained deterioration of end organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Movahed
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Sima Kiani Salmi
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Ali Taherifard
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Saeed Abdollahifard
- Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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Beck D, Nilsson EE, Ben Maamar M, Skinner MK. Environmental induced transgenerational inheritance impacts systems epigenetics in disease etiology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5452. [PMID: 35440735 PMCID: PMC9018793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease through exposure specific epigenetic alterations in the germline. The current study examines the actions of hydrocarbon jet fuel, dioxin, pesticides (permethrin and methoxychlor), plastics, and herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) in the promotion of transgenerational disease in the great grand-offspring rats that correlates with specific disease associated differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs). The transgenerational disease observed was similar for all exposures and includes pathologies of the kidney, prostate, and testis, pubertal abnormalities, and obesity. The disease specific DMRs in sperm were exposure specific for each pathology with negligible overlap. Therefore, for each disease the DMRs and associated genes were distinct for each exposure generational lineage. Observations suggest a large number of DMRs and associated genes are involved in a specific pathology, and various environmental exposures influence unique subsets of DMRs and genes to promote the transgenerational developmental origins of disease susceptibility later in life. A novel multiscale systems biology basis of disease etiology is proposed involving an integration of environmental epigenetics, genetics and generational toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric E Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Millissia Ben Maamar
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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Taherifard E, Mortazavi R, Mokhtari M, Taherifard A, Kiani Salmi S, Taherifard E. Cytomegalovirus gastritis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 37:101644. [PMID: 35392550 PMCID: PMC8975752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported a previously immunocompetent patient who developed cytomegalovirus-induced gastric ulcers after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 33-year-old man was referred to our center with complaints of persistent dysphagia and odynophagia, and epigastric pain and discomfort after ingesting solids or liquids, a few days after his hospital discharge following admission to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Endoscopy revealed inflammation and a whitish exudate in the esophagus, and multiple large active ulcers in the stomach. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were strongly suggestive of cytomegalovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Taherifard
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Mortazavi
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Taherifard
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Kiani Salmi
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Taherifard
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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48
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Chaves DG, de Oliveira LC, da Silva Malta MCF, de Oliveira IR, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Teixeira MM, Martins ML. Pro-inflammatory immune profile mediated by TNF and IFN-γ and regulated by IL-10 is associated to IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic blood donors. Cytokine 2022; 154:155874. [PMID: 35397248 PMCID: PMC8977499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected and killed millions of people, but little is known about the risk factors that lead to the development of severe, mild or asymptomatic conditions after infection. The individual immune response and the balance of cytokines and chemokines have been shown to be important for the prognosis of patients. Additionally, it is essential to understand how the production of specific antibodies with viral neutralizing capacity is established. In this context, this study aimed to identify positive individuals for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in a large population of blood donors (n = 7837) to establish their immune response profile and to evaluate its viral neutralization capacity. The prevalence found for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was 5.6% (n = 441), with male blood donors (61.9%) being more prevalent among the positive ones. The results showed that positive individuals for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 have high serum concentrations of chemokines, TNF, IFN-γ and IL-10. The analyses showed that the positivity index for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the neutralizing capacity of the antibodies, which, in turn, is significantly related to lower serum concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL10. The results allow us to hypothesize that the development and maintenance of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infected individuals occurs in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment well regulated by IL-10 with great capacity for recruiting cells from the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Wang G, Xiao B, Deng J, Gong L, Li Y, Li J, Zhong Y. The Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:791922. [PMID: 35185562 PMCID: PMC8847594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.791922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a new public health crisis threatening the world. Dysregulated immune responses are the most striking pathophysiological features of patients with severe COVID-19, which can result in multiple-organ failure and death. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is the most important drug metabolizing enzyme family, which plays a significant role in the metabolism of endogenous or exogenous substances. Endogenous CYPs participate in the biosynthesis or catabolism of endogenous substances, including steroids, vitamins, eicosanoids, and fatty acids, whilst xenobiotic CYPs are associated with the metabolism of environmental toxins, drugs, and carcinogens. CYP expression and activity are greatly affected by immune response. However, changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19 and their impact on COVID-19 pathophysiology and the metabolism of therapeutic agents in COVID-19, remain unclear. In this analysis, we review current evidence predominantly in the following areas: firstly, the possible changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19; secondly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of arachidonic acid, vitamins, and steroid hormones in COVID-19; and thirdly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of therapeutic COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linmei Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Moya‐Salazar J, Sauñe SS, Valer R, Salazar‐Hernandez R, Loza W, Suxe E, Chicoma‐Flores K, Contreras‐Pulache H. Fungal, parasitological, and bacterial coinfection in a severely ill COVID‐19 patient in Peru. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05395. [PMID: 35223005 PMCID: PMC8855487 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID‐19 patients are prone to coinfections during their hospitalization. These coinfections are challenging as they involve longer hospital stays, high costs, and higher risk of mortality. Here, we present a case of a patient with multi‐infection by resistant parasites, fungi, and bacteria during his hospitalization in a hospital in Lima, Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya‐Salazar
- Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé Lima Peru
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health Universidad Norbert Wiener Lima Peru
- Infectious Unit Nesh Hubbs Lima Peru
| | - Sharon S. Sauñe
- Department of Pathology Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Lima Peru
| | - Roxana Valer
- Department of Pathology Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Lima Peru
| | | | - Wilfredo Loza
- Department of Pathology Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Lima Peru
| | - Evelyn Suxe
- Department of Pathology Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Lima Peru
| | | | - Hans Contreras‐Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health Universidad Norbert Wiener Lima Peru
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