1
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Felgueres MJ, Esteso G, García-Jiménez ÁF, Dopazo A, Aguiló N, Mestre-Durán C, Martínez-Piñeiro L, Pérez-Martínez A, Reyburn HT, Valés-Gómez M. BCG priming followed by a novel interleukin combination activates Natural Killer cells to selectively proliferate and become anti-tumour long-lived effectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13133. [PMID: 38849432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-lived nature and heterogeneity of Natural Killer (NK) cells limit the development of NK cell-based therapies, despite their proven safety and efficacy against cancer. Here, we describe the biological basis, detailed phenotype and function of long-lived anti-tumour human NK cells (CD56highCD16+), obtained without cell sorting or feeder cells, after priming of peripheral blood cells with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Further, we demonstrate that survival doses of a cytokine combination, excluding IL18, administered just weekly to BCG-primed NK cells avoids innate lymphocyte exhaustion and leads to specific long-term proliferation of innate cells that exert potent cytotoxic function against a broad range of solid tumours, mainly through NKG2D. Strikingly, a NKG2C+CD57-FcεRIγ+ NK cell population expands after BCG and cytokine stimulation, independently of HCMV serology. This strategy was exploited to rescue anti-tumour NK cells even from the suppressor environment of cancer patients' bone marrow, demonstrating that BCG confers durable anti-tumour features to NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Felgueres
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro F García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health of the University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragon, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Mestre-Durán
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Piñeiro
- Urology Department and Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Picard LC, Rich FJ, Kenwright DN, Stevens AJ. Epigenetic changes associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment in bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189123. [PMID: 38806074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an established immunotherapeutic, however, a significant portion of patients do not respond to treatment. Despite extensive research into the therapeutic mechanism of BCG, gaps remain in our understanding. This review specifically focuses on the epigenomic contributions in the immune microenvironment, in the context of BCG treatment for NMIBC. We also summarise the current understanding of NMIBC epigenetic characteristics, and discuss how future targeted strategies for BCG therapy should incorporate both epigenomic biomarkers in conjunction with genomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Picard
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Fenella J Rich
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Diane N Kenwright
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
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3
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Noel ODV, Hassouneh Z, Svatek RS, Mukherjee N. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Bladder Cancer: From Mechanisms of Action to Immune Therapies. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:149-160. [PMID: 38060011 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder tumors have a high mutational burden and tend to be responsive to immune therapies; however, response rates remain modest. To date, immunotherapy in bladder cancer has largely focused on enhancing T-cell immune responses in the bladder tumor microenvironment. It is anticipated that other immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILC), which play an important role in bladder oncogenesis and tumor suppression, could be targeted to improve response to existing therapies. ILCs are classified into five groups: natural killer cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. ILCs are pleiotropic and play dual and sometimes paradoxical roles in cancer development and progression. Here, a comprehensive discussion of the current knowledge and recent advancements in understanding the role of ILCs in bladder cancer is provided. We discuss the multifaceted roles that ILCs play in bladder immune surveillance, tumor protection, and immunopathology of bladder cancer. This review provides a rationale for targeting ILCs in bladder cancer, which is relevant for other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onika D V Noel
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zaineb Hassouneh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Neelam Mukherjee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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4
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Moreo E, Jarit-Cabanillas A, Robles-Vera I, Uranga S, Guerrero C, Gómez AB, Mata-Martínez P, Minute L, Araujo-Voces M, Felgueres MJ, Esteso G, Uranga-Murillo I, Arias M, Pardo J, Martín C, Valés-Gómez M, Del Fresno C, Sancho D, Aguiló N. Intravenous administration of BCG in mice promotes natural killer and T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in the lung. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6090. [PMID: 37794033 PMCID: PMC10551006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was one of the first FDA-approved immunotherapies and remains a standard treatment for bladder cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) administration of BCG is well-tolerated and effective in preventing tuberculosis infection in animals. Here, we examine IV BCG in several preclinical lung tumor models. Our findings demonstrate that BCG inoculation reduced tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in models of lung melanoma metastasis and orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, IV BCG treatment was well-tolerated with no apparent signs of acute toxicity. Mechanistically, IV BCG induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses, which were dependent on type 1 conventional dendritic cells, as well as NK cell-mediated immunity. Lastly, we also show that IV BCG has an additive effect on anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor treatment in mouse lung tumors that are otherwise resistant to anti-PD-L1 as monotherapy. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of systemic IV BCG administration in the treatment of lung tumors, highlighting its ability to enhance immune responses and augment immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreo
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Guerrero
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Gómez
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luna Minute
- Hospital la Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Araujo-Voces
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad deOviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María José Felgueres
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iratxe Uranga-Murillo
- Grupo de Inmunoterapia, Inmunidad y Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Grupo de Inmunoterapia, Inmunidad y Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Grupo de Inmunoterapia, Inmunidad y Cáncer, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Hospital la Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Yazici G, Gokmen E, Kose MG, Cetin B, Arslan B, Ozalevli M, Gov T, Ozdemir E. The use of natural killer cell activity and PPD test in the prediction of results in intravesical BCG treatment of patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:301-308. [PMID: 36417048 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumors (NIBC) by using components of the cellular immune response such as the tuberculin skin test (PPD) and natural killer (NK) activity measurement. METHODS Ninety-nine patients who were started on intravesical BCG therapy for NIBC were evaluated prospectively. Patients who were included in the intermediate, high, and very high-risk groups according to the EAU NMIBC Scoring System and who had never received intravesical BCG therapy previously were included. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients (age, gender, EAU NMBIC risk group, EORTC progression and recurrence scores, CUETO progression and recurrence scores, presence and types of comorbidity) were recorded. NK activity was measured and the PPD test was applied 3 days before the start of intravesical BCG therapy. The results of PPD were measured in millimeters 72 h after the test. RESULTS PPD values measured before BCG treatment, as an independent variable, were found to be significantly lower in patients with recurrence. A significant correlation was detected between NK activity results obtained before BCG treatment and recurrence after treatment, when the cutoff was 200-500 pg/dl. There was no significant relationship between the time to recurrence and PPD and NKA measurements. CONCLUSION We conclude that the results of PPD test and NK activity measurement performed before starting intravesical BCG therapy in NIBC may be a marker that can be used to predict the risk of recurrence under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yazici
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Gokmen
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gokhan Kose
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bugra Cetin
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Arslan
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozalevli
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Gov
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enver Ozdemir
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Esteso G, Felgueres MJ, García-Jiménez ÁF, Reyburn-Valés C, Benguría A, Vázquez E, Reyburn HT, Aguiló N, Martín C, Puentes E, Murillo I, Rodríguez E, Valés-Gómez M. BCG-activation of leukocytes is sufficient for the generation of donor-independent innate anti-tumor NK and γδ T-cells that can be further expanded in vitro. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2160094. [PMID: 36567803 PMCID: PMC9788708 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2160094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the nonpathogenic Mycobacterium bovis strain used as tuberculosis vaccine, has been successfully used as treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer for decades, and suggested to potentiate cellular and humoral immune responses. However, the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. We previously described that BCG mainly activated anti-tumor cytotoxic NK cells with upregulation of CD56 and a CD16+ phenotype. Now, we show that stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with iBCG, a preparation based on BCG-Moreau, expands oligoclonal γδ T-cells, with a cytotoxic phenotype, together with anti-tumor CD56high CD16+ NK cells. We have used scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, and functional assays to characterize these BCG-activated γδ T-cells in detail. They had a high IFNγ secretion signature with expression of CD27+ and formed conjugates with bladder cancer cells. BCG-activated γδ T-cells proliferated strongly in response to minimal doses of cytokines and had anti-tumor functions, although not fully based on degranulation. BCG was sufficient to stimulate proliferation of γδ T-cells when cultured with other PBMC; however, BCG alone did not stimulate expansion of purified γδ T-cells. The characterization of these non-donor restricted lymphocyte populations, which can be expanded in vitro, could provide a new approach to prepare cell-based immunotherapy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Felgueres
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro F. García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina Reyburn-Valés
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Benguría
- Servicio de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vázquez
- Servicio de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon; Zaragoza, Spain and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Aragon; Zaragoza, Spain and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid, Spain,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon; Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Puentes
- Clinical Research Department y Research & Development Department, Biofabri, Grupo Zendal, O’Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ingrid Murillo
- Clinical Research Department y Research & Development Department, Biofabri, Grupo Zendal, O’Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Esteban Rodríguez
- Clinical Research Department y Research & Development Department, Biofabri, Grupo Zendal, O’Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain,CONTACT Mar Valés-Gómez Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Castellano E, Samba C, Esteso G, Simpson L, Vendrame E, García‐Cuesta EM, López‐Cobo S, Álvarez-Maestro M, Linares A, Leibar A, Ranganath T, Reyburn HT, Martínez‐Piñeiro L, Blish C, Valés‐Gómez M. CyTOF analysis identifies unusual immune cells in urine of BCG-treated bladder cancer patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970931. [PMID: 36189320 PMCID: PMC9520259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade non-muscle-invasive bladder tumours are treated with transurethral resection followed by recurrent intravesical instillations of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). Although most bladder cancer patients respond well to BCG, there is no clinical parameter predictive of treatment response, and when treatment fails, the prognosis is very poor. Further, a high percentage of NMIBC patients treated with BCG suffer unwanted effects that force them to stop treatment. Thus, early identification of patients in which BCG treatment will fail is really important. Here, to identify early stage non-invasive biomarkers of non-responder patients and patients at risk of abandoning the treatment, we longitudinally analysed the phenotype of cells released into the urine of bladder cancer patients 3-7 days after BCG instillations. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) analyses revealed a large proportion of granulocytes and monocytes, mostly expressing activation markers. A novel population of CD15+CD66b+CD14+CD16+ cells was highly abundant in several samples; expression of these markers was confirmed using flow cytometry and qPCR. A stronger inflammatory response was associated with increased cell numbers in the urine; this was not due to hematuria because the cell proportions were distinct from those in the blood. This pilot study represents the first CyTOF analysis of cells recruited to urine during BCG treatment, allowing identification of informative markers associated with treatment response for sub-selection of markers to confirm using conventional techniques. Further studies should jointly evaluate cells and soluble factors in urine in larger cohorts of patients to characterise the arms of the immune response activated in responders and to identify patients at risk of complications from BCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Castellano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Célia Samba
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eva M. García‐Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheila López‐Cobo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Álvarez-Maestro
- Urology Department, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Urology Unit, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Linares
- Urology Unit, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Leibar
- Urology Unit, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez‐Piñeiro
- Urology Department, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Urology Unit, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mar Valés‐Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mar Valés‐Gómez,
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8
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Fenn J, Ridgley LA, White A, Sarfas C, Dennis M, Dalgleish A, Reljic R, Sharpe S, Bodman-Smith M. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induces superior anti-tumour responses by Vδ2+ T cells compared with the aminobisphosphonate drug zoledronic acid. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:301-315. [PMID: 35404420 PMCID: PMC9226146 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vδ2+ T cells can recognize malignantly transformed cells as well as those infected with mycobacteria. This cross-reactivity supports the idea of using mycobacteria to manipulate Vδ2+ T cells in cancer immunotherapy. To date, therapeutic interventions using Vδ2+ T cells in cancer have involved expanding these cells in or ex vivo using zoledronic acid (ZA). Here, we show that the mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) also causes Vδ2+ T-cell expansion in vitro and that resulting Vδ2+ cell populations are cytotoxic toward tumour cell lines. We show that both ZA and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells effectively killed both Daudi and THP-1 cells. THP-1 cell killing by both ZA and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells was enhanced by treatment of targets cells with ZA. Although no difference in cytotoxic activity between ZA- and BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells was observed, BCG-expanded cells degranulated more and produced a more diverse range of cytokines upon tumour cell recognition compared to ZA-expanded cells. ZA-expanded Vδ2+ cells were shown to upregulate exhaustion marker CD57 to a greater extent than BCG-expanded Vδ2+ cells. Furthermore, ZA expansion was associated with upregulation of inhibitory markers PD-1 and TIM3 in a dose-dependent manner whereas PD-1 expression was not increased following expansion using BCG. Intradermal BCG vaccination of rhesus macaques caused in vivo expansion of Vδ2+ cells. In combination with the aforementioned in vitro data, this finding suggests that BCG treatment could induce expansion of Vδ2+ T cells with enhanced anti-tumour potential compared to ZA treatment and that either ZA or BCG could be used intratumourally as a means to potentiate stronger anti-tumour Vδ2+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fenn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L A Ridgley
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - A White
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - C Sarfas
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - M Dennis
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - A Dalgleish
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - R Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - S Sharpe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - M Bodman-Smith
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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9
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Guallar-Garrido S, Campo-Pérez V, Pérez-Trujillo M, Cabrera C, Senserrich J, Sánchez-Chardi A, Rabanal RM, Gómez-Mora E, Noguera-Ortega E, Luquin M, Julián E. Mycobacterial surface characters remodeled by growth conditions drive different tumor-infiltrating cells and systemic IFN-γ/IL-17 release in bladder cancer treatment. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2051845. [PMID: 35355681 PMCID: PMC8959508 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2051845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Víctor Campo-Pérez
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear i Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències i Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Jordi Senserrich
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Rabanal
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Elisabet Gómez-Mora
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Estela Noguera-Ortega
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Marina Luquin
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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10
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Mukherjee N, Julián E, Torrelles JB, Svatek RS. Effects of Mycobacterium bovis Calmette et Guérin (BCG) in oncotherapy: Bladder cancer and beyond. Vaccine 2021; 39:7332-7340. [PMID: 34627626 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine was generated in 1921 with the efforts of a team of investigators, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, dedicated to the determination to develop a vaccine against active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Since then, BCG vaccination is used globally for protection against childhood and disseminated TB; however, its efficacy at protecting against pulmonary TB in adult and aging populations is highly variable. Due to the BCG generated immunity, this vaccine later proved to have an antitumor activity; though the standing mechanisms behind are still unclear. Recent studies indicate that both innate and adaptive cell responses may play an important role in BCG eradication and prevention of bladder cancer. Thus, cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils but also MHC-restricted CD4 and CD8 T cells and γδ T cells may play an important role and can be one the main effectors in BCG therapy. Here, we discuss the role of BCG therapy in bladder cancer and other cancers, including current strategies and their impact on the generation and sustainability of protective antitumor immunity against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mukherjee
- Department of Urology University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, USA.
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11
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Vigón L, García-Pérez J, Rodríguez-Mora S, Torres M, Mateos E, Castillo de la Osa M, Cervero M, Malo De Molina R, Navarro C, Murciano-Antón MA, García-Gutiérrez V, Planelles V, Alcamí J, Pérez-Olmeda M, Coiras M, López-Huertas MR. Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742631. [PMID: 34616404 PMCID: PMC8488389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vigón
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mora
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Castillo de la Osa
- Serology Laboratory, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Miguel Cervero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
| | - Rosa Malo De Molina
- Neumology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Mayte Pérez-Olmeda
- Serology Laboratory, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Mayte Coiras
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
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12
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Wang Z, Chimenti MS, Strouse C, Weiner GJ. T cells, particularly activated CD4 + cells, maintain anti-CD20-mediated NK cell viability and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:237-249. [PMID: 34110453 PMCID: PMC8783893 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a mainstay of therapy for B cell malignancies, however many patients fail to respond or eventually develop resistance. The current understanding of mechanisms responsible for this resistance is limited. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were cultured with Raji cells for 7 days, rituximab (RTX) induced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), enhanced NK cell viability and increased or maintained NK expression of CD56, CD16, CD57 and KIR. T cells, mainly CD4+, mediated these changes in a contact-dependent manner, with local T cell production of IL2 playing a central role. Similar findings were found when autologous B cells were used as target cells demonstrating the need for T cell help was not due to allogenic reaction. Results with other anti-CD20 and anti-EGFR antibodies were consistent. Small numbers of T cells activated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads or bispecific antibody enhanced RTX-mediated NK cell ADCC, viability and phenotypical changes. Pathway analysis of bulk NK cell mRNA sequencing after activation by RTX with and without T cells was consistent with T cells maintaining the viability of the activated NK cells. These findings suggest T cell help, mediated in large part by local production of IL2, contributes to NK cell ADCC and viability, and that activating T cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as through the use of anti-CD3 based bispecific antibodies, could enhance the efficacy of anti-CD20 and other mAb therapies where NK-mediated ADCC is a primary mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Strouse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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13
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Esteso G, Aguiló N, Julián E, Ashiru O, Ho MM, Martín C, Valés-Gómez M. Natural Killer Anti-Tumor Activity Can Be Achieved by In Vitro Incubation With Heat-Killed BCG. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622995. [PMID: 33708215 PMCID: PMC7940681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer cell receptors allow this heterogeneous immune population to efficiently fight both tumors and infection, so their use as immunotherapy agents is an active field of research. Cytokine activation, particularly by myeloid cell-derived IL15, can induce potent NK anti-tumor responses. While studying the mechanism of action of intravesical instillations of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as therapy for patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, we showed that BCG can activate a cytotoxic CD56bright NK cell population which efficiently recognized bladder cancer cells. This pioneer immunotherapy provides an invaluable model to understand the role of different immune populations in tumor elimination. However, during the propagation of BCG worldwide a large number of genetically diverse BCG substrains developed. Here, we investigated the capacity of different BCG substrains to promote NK cell activation and confirmed that they were able to activate lymphocytes. Tice, Connaught and Moreau were the substrains with a stronger NK activation effect as measured by CD56 upregulation. Surprisingly, dead mycobacteria also stimulated PBMC cultures and we further demonstrate here that subcellular fractions of BCG-Tice, in the absence of live mycobacteria, could also induce an NK cell response. Lipids from BCG-Tice, but not from Mycobacterium bovis, stimulated NK cell activation and degranulation, whereas the aqueous fraction of either bacteria did not activate lymphocytes. However, delipidated BCG-Tice bacteria were able to activate effector cells (CD3+CD56+ and NK, CD3-CD56+). These data demonstrate that different components of mycobacteria can stimulate different immune subpopulations resulting in phenotypes suitable for cancer elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Mycobacteria Genetics Group, University of Zaragoza Medical School, IIS Aragón, CIBERES, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omodele Ashiru
- Custom Solutions Department, Bacteriology Division, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency - National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (MHRA-NIBSC), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Mei M Ho
- Custom Solutions Department, Bacteriology Division, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency - National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (MHRA-NIBSC), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Martín
- Mycobacteria Genetics Group, University of Zaragoza Medical School, IIS Aragón, CIBERES, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Valés-Gómez M. Bacillus Calmette Guérin in bladder cancer: is more immune stimulation better? Transl Androl Urol 2020; 8:S517-S520. [PMID: 32042636 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Darwin, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Bernatowska E, Skomska-Pawliszak M, Wolska-Kuśnierz B, Pac M, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Pietrucha B, Bernat-Sitarz K, Dąbrowska-Leonik N, Bohynikova N, Piątosa B, Lutyńska A, Augustynowicz E, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Korzeniewska-Koseła M, Krasińska M, Krzysztopa-Grzybowska K, Wieteska-Klimczak A, Książyk J, Jackowska T, van den Burg M, van Dongen JJM, Casanova JL, Picard C, Mikołuć B. BCG Moreau Vaccine Safety Profile and NK Cells-Double Protection Against Disseminated BCG Infection in Retrospective Study of BCG Vaccination in 52 Polish Children with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:138-146. [PMID: 31749033 PMCID: PMC7082382 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to estimate the rate of adverse reactions to live BCG Moreau vaccine, manufactured by Biomed in Poland, in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients. MATERIAL The profiles of 52 SCID patients vaccinated at birth with BCG, hospitalized in Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw (CMHI), in the years 1980-2015 were compared with those of 349 BCG-vaccinated SCID patients from other countries analyzed by Beatriz E. Marciano et al. in a retrospective study (Marciano et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(4):1134-1141). RESULTS Significantly less disseminated BCG infections (10 out of 52 SCID, 19%) occurred in comparison with Marciano study-119 out of 349, 34% (p = 0.0028), with no death in patients treated with SCID anti-TB drug, except one in lethal condition. In our study, disseminated BCG infection was observed only in SCID with T-B+NK- phenotype and significantly lower NK cell counts (p = 0.0161). NK cells do not influence on the frequency of local BCG reaction. A significantly higher number of hematopoietic stem cells transplantations (HSCT) were performed in CMHI study (p = 0.0001). Anti-TB treatment with at least two medicines was provided. CONCLUSION The BCG Moreau vaccine produced in Poland, with well-documented genetic characteristics, seems to be safer than other BCG substrains used in other regions of the world. Importantly, NK cells seem to play a role in protecting SCID patients against disseminated BCG complications, which NK- SCID patients are more prone to. HSCT and TB therapy could be relevant due to the patients' survival and the fact that they protect against BCG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bernatowska
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Pac
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Pietrucha
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nel Dąbrowska-Leonik
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nadia Bohynikova
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piątosa
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lutyńska
- Department of Medical Biology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Korzeniewska-Koseła
- Department of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Krasińska
- Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mazovian Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Otwock, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krzysztopa-Grzybowska
- Department of Sera and Vaccines Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wieteska-Klimczak
- Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Książyk
- Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Jackowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Paediatrics, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirjam van den Burg
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333, Leiden, ZA, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333, Leiden, ZA, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Bożena Mikołuć
- Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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16
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Annels NE, Mansfield D, Arif M, Ballesteros-Merino C, Simpson GR, Denyer M, Sandhu SS, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ, Davies B, Au G, Grose M, Bagwan I, Fox B, Vile R, Mostafid H, Shafren D, Pandha HS. Phase I Trial of an ICAM-1-Targeted Immunotherapeutic-Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) as an Oncolytic Agent Against Non Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5818-5831. [PMID: 31273010 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CANON [CAVATAK in NON-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)] study evaluated a novel ICAM-1-targeted immunotherapeutic-coxsackievirus A21 as a novel oncolytic agent against bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients enrolled in this "window of opportunity" phase I study, exposing primary bladder cancers to CAVATAK prior to surgery. The first 9 patients received intravesical administration of monotherapy CAVATAK; in the second stage, 6 patients received CAVATAK with a subtherapeutic dose of mitomycin C, known to enhance expression of ICAM-1 on bladder cancer cells. The primary endpoint was to determine patient safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary endpoints were evidence of viral replication, induction of inflammatory cytokines, antitumor activity, and viral-induced changes in resected tissue. RESULTS Clinical activity of CAVATAK was demonstrated by induction of tumor inflammation and hemorrhage following either single or multiple administrations of CAVATAK in multiple patients, and a complete resolution of tumor in 1 patient. Whether used alone or in combination with mitomycin C, CAVATAK caused marked inflammatory changes within NMIBC tissue biopsies by upregulating IFN-inducible genes, including both immune checkpoint inhibitory genes (PD-L1 and LAG3) and Th1-associated chemokines, as well as the induction of the innate activator RIG-I, compared with bladder cancer tissue from untreated patients. No significant toxicities were reported in any patient, from either virus or combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The acceptable safety profile of CAVATAK, proof of viral targeting, replication, and tumor cell death together with the virus-mediated increases in "immunological heat" within the tumor microenvironment all indicate that CAVATAK may be potentially considered as a novel therapeutic for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E Annels
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David Mansfield
- Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guy R Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Denyer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarbjinder S Sandhu
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan A Melcher
- Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Izhar Bagwan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Fox
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Hugh Mostafid
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Van Acker HH, Van Acker ZP, Versteven M, Ponsaerts P, Pende D, Berneman ZN, Anguille S, Van Tendeloo VF, Smits EL. CD56 Homodimerization and Participation in Anti-Tumor Immune Effector Cell Functioning: A Role for Interleukin-15. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1029. [PMID: 31336622 PMCID: PMC6678613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A particularly interesting marker to identify anti-tumor immune cells is the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also known as cluster of differentiation (CD)56. Namely, hematopoietic expression of CD56 seems to be confined to powerful effector immune cells. Here, we sought to elucidate its role on various killer immune cells. First, we identified the high motility NCAM-120 molecule to be the main isoform expressed by immune cells. Next, through neutralization of surface CD56, we were able to (1) demonstrate the direct involvement of CD56 in tumor cell lysis exerted by CD56-expressing killer cells, such as natural killer cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and interleukin (IL)-15-cultured dendritic cells (DCs), and (2) reveal a putative crosstalk mechanism between IL-15 DCs and CD8 T cells, suggesting CD56 as a co-stimulatory molecule in their cell-to-cell contact. Moreover, by means of a proximity ligation assay, we visualized the CD56 homophilic interaction among cancer cells and between immune cells and cancer cells. Finally, by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway, we showed that IL-15 stimulation directly led to CD56 upregulation. In conclusion, these results underscore the previously neglected importance of CD56 expression on immune cells, benefiting current and future immune therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Versteven
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Experimental Cell Transplantation Group (ECTG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniela Pende
- Immunology Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Hematology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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BCG Therapy of Bladder Cancer Stimulates a Prolonged Release of the Chemoattractant CXCL10 (IP10) in Patient Urine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070940. [PMID: 31277459 PMCID: PMC6678801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intra-vesical instillation of Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is an effective therapy for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which provokes a local immune response resulting in 70% of patients free of relapse after three years. Because non-responder patients usually have a bad prognosis, the early identification of treatment failure is crucial. We hypothesized that, if an effective immune response was taking place in the bladder, soluble factors would be released to the urine many days after BCG instillations. Methods: An extensive panel of cytokines and chemokines released into the urine seven days after every BCG instillation was screened in a cohort of NMIBC patients over three years. Results: The determinations of the urinary concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and creatinine showed that increasing concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) also known as interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10) could be detected during the six-week induction cycle of BCG-treated patients released into the urine by CD14+ cells. In vitro, CXCL10 facilitated the recruitment of effector immune cells after the BCG-mediated upregulation of CXCR3 in both T- and natural killer (NK)-cells. Conclusions: The high concentrations of chemokine detected one week after the encounter with mycobacteria suggest that the CXCL10 axis might be related to the intensity of the immune anti-tumor response.
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Pol JG, Lévesque S, Workenhe ST, Gujar S, Le Boeuf F, Clements DR, Fahrner JE, Fend L, Bell JC, Mossman KL, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Oncolytic viro-immunotherapy of hematologic and solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1503032. [PMID: 30524901 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1503032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses selectively target and kill cancer cells in an immunogenic fashion, thus supporting the establishment of therapeutically relevant tumor-specific immune responses. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the oncolytic herpes simplex virus T-VEC for use in advanced melanoma patients. Since then, a plethora of trials has been initiated to assess the safety and efficacy of multiple oncolytic viruses in patients affected with various malignancies. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical progress in the field of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Lévesque
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, NS, Canada.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, NS, Canada.,Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Sciences Research, Quality and System Performance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek R Clements
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean-Eudes Fahrner
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Transgene S.A., Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - John C Bell
- Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karen L Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Van Acker HH, Capsomidis A, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. CD56 in the Immune System: More Than a Marker for Cytotoxicity? Front Immunol 2017; 8:892. [PMID: 28791027 PMCID: PMC5522883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the phenotypic and functional boundaries distinguishing the main cell subsets of the immune system have become increasingly blurred. In this respect, CD56 (also known as neural cell adhesion molecule) is a very good example. CD56 is the archetypal phenotypic marker of natural killer cells but can actually be expressed by many more immune cells, including alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Common to all these CD56-expressing cell types are strong immunostimulatory effector functions, including T helper 1 cytokine production and an efficient cytotoxic capacity. Interestingly, both numerical and functional deficiencies and phenotypic alterations of the CD56+ immune cell fraction have been reported in patients with various infectious, autoimmune, or malignant diseases. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge on the expression and function of CD56 in the hematopoietic system, both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Capsomidis
- Cancer Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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