1
|
Chen H, Xu F, Qin A, Guo S, Zhang G, Yu B, Zheng Q. A pancancer analysis of histone deacetylase 3 in human tumors. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:65-80. [PMID: 38410236 PMCID: PMC10894336 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is known to be an important role in various kinds of cancer, but its effect has not been examined on the pancancer level. Thus, a systematic pancancer analysis was conducted to explore its potential role in pancancer diagnosis, prognosis, and immune correlation research. Methods We used a series of databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal (UALCAN), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING), among others, to analyze the relationship between the expression of HDAC3 and the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR) system using various bioinformatics methods. Downstream pathways of HDAC3 were identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Furthermore, the protein expression of HDAC3 in tumor tissues and normal tissues of 17 patients with gliomas was analyzed via western blotting. Results The expression of HDAC3 changed in most types of tumors, which was closely related to most tumor diagnoses and negatively related to some patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that it was tightly correlated to DNA methylation and RNA methylation modifications and associated with TMB and MSI. The expression level of HDAC3 was positively correlated with many immune checkpoint molecules and regulators and positively associated with the infiltration levels of immune cells in the TME in most tumor types. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed that transcriptional misregulation in cancer and RNA splicing functions were involved in the functional mechanism of HDAC3-related genes. Experimental research showed that the protein expression of HDAC3 was elevated in tumor tissues of patients with glioma. Conclusions Through our comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we evaluated the role of HDAC3 in pancancer, and our findings suggest that it may be an indicator for some cancer diagnoses and influence immune balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Anqi Qin
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery 1, Tangshan Workers’ Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, China
| | - Quanhui Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Mu W, Wang C, Zhuo Z, Xin Y, Li H, Wang C. Ray of dawn: Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy enhances the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in Lymphoma patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1019. [PMID: 37872514 PMCID: PMC10591343 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a new adoptive cell therapy, has been widely used to treat lymphoma patients. Immune checkpoint blockade may improve the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells by reducing the failure of CAR-T cells and improving antitumor activity. It has shown promising efficacy. METHOD We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science from January 2012 to August 2022 to find data reporting the results of CAR-T cells therapy combined with PD-1 in tumor patients. An updated search was conducted in October 2023. The partial response rate (PR), complete response rate (CR), objective response rate (ORR), mortality rate, and incidence of adverse reactions were calculated. RESULTS We analyzed 57 lymphoma patients from 5 clinical trials. The pooled partial, complete and overall response rates were 21% (95% CI 0.06-0.39, I2 = 0.37%), 27% (95% CI 0.03-0.60, I2 = 60.43%) and 65% (95% CI 0.23-0.98, I2 = 76.31%), respectively. The pooled incidence of cytokine release syndrome, neutropenia, fever, and fatigue was estimated to be 57% (95% CI 0.08-0.99, I2 = 85.20%), 47% (95% CI 0.14-0.81, I2 = 74.17%), 59% (95% CI 0.27-0.89, I2 = 60.23%), and 50% (95% CI 0.13-0.87, I2 = 73.89%), respectively. CONCLUSION CAR-T-cell therapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma patients has efficacy, and the most common adverse effect is fever. REGISTRATION The protocol was registered in prospero, with the registration number CRD42022342647.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Wenjing Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou Province, 510280, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Digestive medicine center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518017, China
| | - Zipeng Zhuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Q, Yang Z, Ling X, Ye J, Wu J, Wang Y, Yao C, Zheng J. Correlation Analysis of Prognostic Gene Expression, Tumor Microenvironment, and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Ovarian Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9672158. [PMID: 37841886 PMCID: PMC10575750 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9672158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Tumor microenvironment (TME) research can provide a crucial direction for the innovation and continuous improvement of novel biologic therapies for cancer. This study examined the relationship between the TME, expression profiles of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell, and prognostic gene expression in ovarian cancer (OC). Materials and Methods Screening of CD3E, CD3G, CD2, CD3D, CCL19, and IL2RG was performed using the bioinformatics methods. Results All six genes were found to participate in immune-related molecular mechanisms and could regulate the expression of tumor-infiltrating cells. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results demonstrated a strong association between overall survival and all gene expressions in patients with OC. CIBERSORT analysis results showed that the expression level of all genes was positively correlated with γδ T cell proportions. Conclusion Therefore, in the OC microenvironment, CD3E, CD3G, CD2, CD3D, CCL19, and IL2RG can be potential immunotherapy targets and prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongjing Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingqing Ling
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Junming Ye
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghui Zheng
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Shi Q, Wang B, Ji T, Guo W, Ren T, Tang X. The role of tumor immune microenvironment in chordoma: promising immunotherapy strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257254. [PMID: 37720221 PMCID: PMC10502727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor with limited therapeutic options, which is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and targeted therapy is also shown with little efficacy. The long-standing delay in researching its mechanisms of occurrence and development has resulted in the dilemma of no effective treatment targets and no available drugs in clinical practice. In recent years, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment in driving tumor growth has become a hot and challenging topic in the field of cancer research. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of various tumors. However, the study of the immune microenvironment of chordoma is still in its infancy. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive reveal of previous exploration on the chordoma immune microenvironment and propose promising immunotherapy strategies for chordoma based on these characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Shi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao Y, Efetov SK, He M, Fu Y, Beeraka NM, Zhang J, Zhang X, Bannimath N, Chen K. Updated Clinical Perspectives and Challenges of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy in Colorectal Cancer and Invasive Breast Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:19. [PMID: 37566162 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC) has increased worldwide and caused a higher mortality rate due to the lack of selective anti-tumor therapies. Current chemotherapies and surgical interventions are significantly preferred modalities to treat CRC or BC in advanced stages but the prognosis for patients with advanced CRC and BC remains dismal. The immunotherapy technique of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has resulted in significant clinical outcomes when treating hematologic malignancies. The novel CAR-T therapy target antigens include GUCY2C, CLEC14A, CD26, TEM8/ANTXR1, PDPN, PTK7, PODXL, CD44, CD19, CD20, CD22, BCMA, GD2, Mesothelin, TAG-72, CEA, EGFR, B7H3, HER2, IL13Ra2, MUC1, EpCAM, PSMA, PSCA, NKG2D. The significant aim of this review is to explore the recently updated information pertinent to several novel targets of CAR-T for CRC, and BC. We vividly described the challenges of CAR-T therapies when treating CRC or BC. The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors, the shortage of tumor-specific antigens, and post-treatment side effects are the major hindrances to promoting the development of CAR-T cells. Several clinical trials related to CAR-T immunotherapy against CRC or BC have already been in progress. This review benefits academicians, clinicians, and clinical oncologists to explore more about the novel CAR-T targets and overcome the challenges during this therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey K Efetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mingze He
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Fu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India
| | - Jin Zhang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Namitha Bannimath
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kuo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das A, Ghose A, Naicker K, Sanchez E, Chargari C, Rassy E, Boussios S. Advances in adoptive T-cell therapy for metastatic melanoma. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103404. [PMID: 37478776 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a fast developing, niche area of immunotherapy (IO), which is revolutionising the therapeutic landscape of solid tumour oncology, especially metastatic melanoma (MM). Identifying tumour antigens (TAs) as potential targets, the ACT response is mediated by either Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified T cells with specific receptors - T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or more prospectively, natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials involving ACT in MM from 2006 to present have shown promising results. Yet it is not without its drawbacks which include significant auto-immune toxicity and need for pre-conditioning lymphodepletion. Although immune-modulation is underway using various combination therapies in the hope of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. Our review article explores the role of ACT in MM, including the various modalities - their safety, efficacy, risks and their development in the trial and the real world setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Naicker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, United Kingdom; AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu Y, Gao Y, He L, Fang B, Ge W, Yang P, Ju Y, Xie X, Lei L. Biomaterial-based gene therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e259. [PMID: 37284583 PMCID: PMC10239531 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy, a medical approach that involves the correction or replacement of defective and abnormal genes, plays an essential role in the treatment of complex and refractory diseases, such as hereditary diseases, cancer, and rheumatic immune diseases. Nucleic acids alone do not easily enter the target cells due to their easy degradation in vivo and the structure of the target cell membranes. The introduction of genes into biological cells is often dependent on gene delivery vectors, such as adenoviral vectors, which are commonly used in gene therapy. However, traditional viral vectors have strong immunogenicity while also presenting a potential infection risk. Recently, biomaterials have attracted attention for use as efficient gene delivery vehicles, because they can avoid the drawbacks associated with viral vectors. Biomaterials can improve the biological stability of nucleic acids and the efficiency of intracellular gene delivery. This review is focused on biomaterial-based delivery systems in gene therapy and disease treatment. Herein, we review the recent developments and modalities of gene therapy. Additionally, we discuss nucleic acid delivery strategies, with a focus on biomaterial-based gene delivery systems. Furthermore, the current applications of biomaterial-based gene therapy are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liming He
- Department of StomatologyChangsha Stomatological HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Bairong Fang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenhui Ge
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yikun Ju
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faeq MH, Al-Haideri M, Mohammad TAM, Gharebakhshi F, Marofi F, Tahmasebi S, Modaresahmadi S. CAR-modified immune cells as a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cancer immunotherapies. Med Oncol 2023; 40:155. [PMID: 37083979 PMCID: PMC10119530 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the main challenges clinicians face is malignancies. Through the progression of technology in recent years, tumor nature and tumor microenvironment (TME) can be better understood. Because of immune system involvement in tumorigenesis and immune cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, clinicians encounter significant challenges in patient treatment and normal function recovery. The tumor microenvironment can stop the development of tumor antigen-specific helper and cytotoxic T cells in the tumor invasion process. Tumors stimulate the production of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive factors and cells that inhibit immune responses. Despite the more successful outcomes, the current cancer therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have not been effective enough for tumor eradication. Hence, developing new treatment strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, adaptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and cytokines helps improve cancer treatment. Among adoptive cell therapies, the interaction between the immune system and malignancies and using molecular biology led to the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. CAR-modified immune cells are one of the modern cancer therapeutic methods with encouraging outcomes in most hematological and solid cancers. The current study aimed to discuss the structure, formation, subtypes, and application of CAR immune cells in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hikmat Faeq
- Student of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Talar Ahmad Merza Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Farshad Gharebakhshi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shadan Modaresahmadi
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Siences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Zheng X. Patient-derived xenografts or organoids in the discovery of traditional and self-assembled drug for tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122322. [PMID: 37081982 PMCID: PMC10110942 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there has also been a surge in the development of self-assembly immunotherapy drugs. Based on the immune target, traditional tumor immunotherapy drugs are classified into five categories, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors, direct immune modulators, adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, the emergence of self-assembled drugs with improved precision and environmental sensitivity offers a promising innovation approach to tumor immunotherapy. Despite rapid advances in tumor immunotherapy drug development, all candidate drugs require preclinical evaluation for safety and efficacy, and conventional evaluations are primarily conducted using two-dimensional cell lines and animal models, an approach that may be unsuitable for immunotherapy drugs. The patient-derived xenograft and organoids models, however, maintain the heterogeneity and immunity of the pathological tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiang Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fibroblasts Impair Migration and Antitumor Activity of NK-92 Lymphocytes in a Melanoma-on-Chip Model. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010052. [PMID: 36671624 PMCID: PMC9854880 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors, such as melanoma, is impaired, but little is known about the role that the fibroblasts present in the tumor microenvironment could exert. However, the mechanism at play is not well understood, partly due to the lack of relevant pre-clinical models. Three-dimensional culture and microfluidic chips are used to recapitulate the dynamic interactions among different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment in controlled and physiological settings. In this brief report, we propose a reductionist melanoma-on-a-chip model for evaluating the essential role of fibroblasts in the antitumor activity of lymphocytes. To this end, 3D melanoma spheroids were monocultured and co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts and the NK-92 cell migration towards the tumor compartment was tested in a commercially available microfluidic device. Utilizing confocal microscopy, we observed the different recruitment of NK-92 cells in the presence and absence of fibroblasts. Our results show that fibroblasts' presence inhibits immune effector recruiting by exploiting a 3D pre-clinical tumor model.
Collapse
|
11
|
Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin X, Wu F, Chen C, Li Q. Recent advances in CAR-T cells therapy for colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904137. [PMID: 36238297 PMCID: PMC9551069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, with a high mortality rate and a serious impact on people’s life and health. In recent years, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy has shown well efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but there are still many problems and challenges in solid tumors such as CRC. For example, the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the low targeting of CAR-T cells, the short time of CAR-T cells in vivo, and the limited proliferation capacity of CAR-T cells, CAR-T cells can not effectively infiltrate into the tumor and so on. New approaches have been proposed to address these challenges in CRC, and this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CAR-T cells therapy in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qin
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fengjiao Wu
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li, ; Chang Chen,
| | - Qi Li
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li, ; Chang Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barati M, Mirzavi F, Atabaki M, Bibak B, Mohammadi M, Jaafari MR. A review of PD-1/PD-L1 siRNA delivery systems in immune T cells and cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109022. [PMID: 35987146 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28/CTLA-4 family of inhibitory immunological checkpoint receptors that's also widely produced by exhausted T lymphocytes in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. PD-1 binds to programmed death ligand (PD-L1) and suppresses anti-cancer activity of T lymphocytes. We examined the current literature on how siRNA delivery systems can be used to target PD-1 and PD-L1, as well as the anti-cancer mechanisms and challenges associated with siRNA molecules. We look at studies that use program death 1 siRNA or program death 1 ligand siRNA to treat cancer. Several databases have been used for this purpose, including NCBI, Scopus, and Google Scholar. KEY FINDINGS This study looked at several methods for delivering siRNA to immune cells and cancer cells. According to these findings, suppressing PD-1 in T cells increases T lymphocyte activity. PD-L1 suppression in DCs improves antigen presentation and co-stimulatory signals on their surface, resulting in T cell activation. Chemotherapy resistance and cancer cell suppression of T cells are reduced when PD-L1/2 is suppressed in cancer cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that several strategies for siRNA transfection to immune and cancer cells have been evaluated in recent decades, some of which effectively transfect siRNA to target cells, and defined PD-1 siRNA as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Atabaki
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cancer Immunotherapy and Delivery System: An Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081630. [PMID: 36015256 PMCID: PMC9413869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an understanding of immunity in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy turns out to be a powerful tool in the clinic to treat many cancers. The strategies applied in cancer immunotherapy mainly include blockade of immune checkpoints, adoptive transfer of engineered cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy. Many factors, such as product price, off-target side effects, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and cancer cell heterogeneity, affect the treatment efficacy of immunotherapies against cancers. In addition, some treatments, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, are more effective in treating patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma rather than solid tumors. To improve the efficacy of targeted immunotherapy and reduce off-target effects, delivery systems for immunotherapies have been developed in past decades using tools such as nanoparticles, hydrogel matrix, and implantable scaffolds. This review first summarizes the currently common immunotherapies and their limitations. It then synopsizes the relative delivery systems that can be applied to improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. The challenges, frontiers, and prospects for applying these delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Finally, the application of these approaches in clinical trials is reviewed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel Systemic Treatment Modalities Including Immunotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy for Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147889. [PMID: 35887235 PMCID: PMC9320653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease recurrence and/or metastasis, which can threaten their long-term survival. HNSCCs located in the oral cavity and larynx are usually associated with tobacco and/or alcohol use, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV16 infection, is increasingly recognized as a cause of oropharyngeal HNSCC. Despite clinical, histologic, and molecular differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs, current treatment approaches are the same. For recurrent disease, these strategies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy with PD-1-inhibitors, or a monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, that targets epidermal growth factor; these therapies can be administered either as single agents or in combination. However, these treatment strategies carry a high risk of toxic side effects; therefore, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. The landscape of HNSCC therapy is changing significantly; numerous clinical trials are underway to test novel therapeutic options like adaptive cellular therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, new targeted therapy agents, novel immunotherapy combinations, and therapeutic vaccines. This review helps in understanding the various developments in HNSCC therapy and sheds light on the path ahead in terms of further research in this field.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodriguez JE, Naigeon M, Goldschmidt V, Roulleaux Dugage M, Seknazi L, Danlos FX, Champiat S, Marabelle A, Michot JM, Massard C, Besse B, Ferrara R, Chaput N, Baldini C. Immunosenescence, inflammaging, and cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:915-926. [PMID: 35815381 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2098718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosenescence is a progressive remodeling of immune functions associated with a decreased ability of the immune system to set up an efficient immune response, both innate and adaptive, with an increase of highly differentiated T cells at the expense of naive T cells. The incidence and prevalence of most cancers increase with age, which can partly be explained by tumor escape mechanisms and decreased immunosurveillance. Aging is also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade proinflammatory state characterized by an increase in inflammatory mediators. Anti-cancer immunotherapy has profoundly changed the landscape of oncology therapy in the last 10 years. Modern T-cell targeted therapies such as bispecific T cell engagers, CAR-T cells, or immune checkpoint blockers may be theoretically affected by immunosenescence or inflammaging. AREAS COVERED A bibliographic review through PubMed and Embase was carried out using the following search terms: 'immunosenescence,' 'immunotherapy,' 'inflammaging,' 'bispecific antibodies,' 'CAR-T cells,' 'immune checkpoint blockers,' and 'older patients.' EXPERT OPINION This review explores the potential impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging on anti-cancer immunotherapy and therapeutic strategies that could counter immune senescence. A more dedicated research on immunosenescence biomarkers in future clinical trials is warranted for the development of new, more effective and safer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E Rodriguez
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,School of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,School of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay, France
| | - Vincent Goldschmidt
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauren Seknazi
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Francois X Danlos
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Marie Michot
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- School of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,School of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lou K, Feng S, Zhang G, Zou J, Zou X. Prevention and Treatment of Side Effects of Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:879391. [PMID: 35669417 PMCID: PMC9164628 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most important tumors of the genitourinary system, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Over the years, various antitumor treatments have been developed, and immunotherapy is one of the most effective methods. Immunotherapy aims to activate the body’s immune system to kill cancer cells. It has been established that immunotherapy drugs can be classified into “non-targeted” and “targeted” drugs depending on their site of action. Immunotherapy is reportedly effective for BC. Even though it can attack cancer cells, it can also cause the immune system to attack healthy cells, which can occur at any time during treatment and sometimes even after immunotherapy is stopped. Importantly, different types of immunotherapies can cause different side effects. Side effects may manifest themselves as signs or as symptoms. The prevention and treatment of side effects caused by immunotherapy is an important part of cancer patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Y, Dong Y, Yang S, Tu Y, Wang C, Li J, Yuan Y, Lian Z. Bioorthogonal Equipping CAR-T Cells with Hyaluronidase and Checkpoint Blocking Antibody for Enhanced Solid Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:603-614. [PMID: 35647274 PMCID: PMC9136969 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor redirected T (CAR-T) cells has shown impressive therapeutic effects on hematological malignancies. In contrast, the efficacy of CAR-T therapies in treating solid tumors is still poor, which is largely due to inefficient penetration into solid tumors and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we engineered hyaluronidase (HAase) and the checkpoint blocking antibody α-PDL1 on the CAR-T cell surface via highly efficient and biocompatible bioorthogonal click chemistry to improve their therapeutic effects on solid tumors. The modified HAase degrades hyaluronic acid and destroys the tumor extracellular matrix, allowing CAR-T cells to penetrate deeply into solid tumors, as evidenced by in vitro infiltration experiments and in vivo biodistribution studies. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed stronger antitumor activity of α-PDL1-decorated cells than traditional CAR-T cells. Importantly, HAase- and α-PDL1-engineered CAR-T cells showed better therapeutic efficacy on two solid tumor models and did not cause significant systemic side effects. In this work, we provide a simple, efficient, and biologically safe chemical strategy to engineer traditional CAR-T cells for enhanced therapeutic efficacy on solid tumors, which can be extended to other adoptive cellular immunotherapies and holds great potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yansong Dong
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Tu
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry
of Education and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Institute
for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Flieswasser T, Van den Eynde A, Van Audenaerde J, De Waele J, Lardon F, Riether C, de Haard H, Smits E, Pauwels P, Jacobs J. The CD70-CD27 axis in oncology: the new kids on the block. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:12. [PMID: 34991665 PMCID: PMC8734249 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint molecule CD70 and its receptor CD27 are aberrantly expressed in many hematological and solid malignancies. Dysregulation of the CD70-CD27 axis within the tumor and its microenvironment is associated with tumor progression and immunosuppression. This is in contrast to physiological conditions, where tightly controlled expression of CD70 and CD27 plays a role in co-stimulation in immune responses. In hematological malignancies, cancer cells co-express CD70 and CD27 promoting stemness, proliferation and survival of malignancy. In solid tumors, only expression of CD70 is present on the tumor cells which can facilitate immune evasion through CD27 expression in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of these tumor promoting and immunosuppressive effects of the CD70-CD27 axis has unfolded a novel target in the field of oncology, CD70. In this review, we thoroughly discuss current insights into expression patterns and the role of the CD70-CD27 axis in hematological and solid malignancies, its effect on the tumor microenvironment and (pre)clinical therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Flieswasser
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Van den Eynde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jonas Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Wilrijk, Belgium.,Argenx, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fan Z, Zhuang C, Wang S, Zhang Y. Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:787780. [PMID: 34950591 PMCID: PMC8688153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.787780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. It is ranked the sixth most common neoplasm and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. At present, the most common treatment for HCC is surgery, but the 5-year recurrence rates are still high. Patients with early stage HCC with few nodules can be treated with resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA); while for multinodular HCC, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been the first-line treatment. In recent years, based on medical engineering cooperation, nanotechnology has been increasingly applied to the treatment of cancer. Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are effective for cancer. This paper summarizes the latest progress of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for HCC, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, the Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengjun Zhuang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lamplugh Z, Fan Y. Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:811485. [PMID: 34987525 PMCID: PMC8720970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cai J, Zhou M, Xu J. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulator SNRPC is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:241. [PMID: 34389000 PMCID: PMC8364031 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and due to its complex pathogenic factors, its prognosis is poor. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis of many tumors. The m6A RNA methylation regulator small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C (SNRPC), which encodes one of the specific protein components of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle, has been proven to be related to the prognosis of patients with HCC. However, the effect of SNRPC on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy in HCC remains unclear. Case presentation The HCC RNA-seq profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, including 421 LIHC and 440 LIRI-JP samples, respectively, were used in this study. Both the expression of SNRPC in HCC was upregulated in the TCGA and ICGC databases compared to normal tissues. Next, the expression of SNRPC was validated as a risk factor for prognosis by Kaplan-Meier analysis and employed to establish a nomogram with T pathologic stage. By gene set variation (GSVA) analysis and gene set enrichment (GSEA) analysis, we found that SNRPC was mainly related to protein metabolism and the immune process. Furthermore, the estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression (ESTIMATE), microenvironment cell population counter (MCP-counter), and single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) algorithms revealed that the high-SNRPC group had a lower stromal score, lower abundance of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and lower immune infiltration. Ultimately, a tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis revealed that patients in the low-SNRPC group may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusion SNRPC could serve as a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker in HCC and might contribute to new directions and strategies for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Minglei Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology of Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng G, Dong H, Yang C, Liu Y, Wu Y, Zhu L, Tong X, Wang S. A review on the advances and challenges of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:406. [PMID: 34332576 PMCID: PMC8325213 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), which includes lip and oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx malignancies, is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy of HNCs, along with traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, has attracted much attention. Four main immunotherapy strategies in HNCs have been developed, including oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), and therapeutic vaccines. Oncorine (H101), an approved oncolytic adenovirus in China, is the pioneer of immunotherapy for the treatment of HNCs. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are mAbs against PD-L1 that have been approved for recurrent and metastatic HNC patients. To date, several clinical trials using immunotherapy agents and their combination are under investigation. In this review, we summarize current the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of HNCs, the main strategies that have been applied for immunotherapy of HNCs, obstacles that hinder the success of immunotherapies in patients with HNCs, as well as solutions for overcoming the challenges to enhance the response of HNCs to immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lifen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Quintarelli C, Camera A, Ciccone R, Alessi I, Del Bufalo F, Carai A, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, De Angelis B. Innovative and Promising Strategies to Enhance Effectiveness of Immunotherapy for CNS Tumors: Where Are We? Front Immunol 2021; 12:634031. [PMID: 34163465 PMCID: PMC8216238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are several immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors under evaluation, currently none of these approaches have received approval from the regulatory agencies. CNS tumors, especially glioblastomas, are tumors characterized by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limiting the possibility of effectively eliciting an immune response. Moreover, the peculiar anatomic location of these tumors poses relevant challenges in terms of safety, since uncontrolled hyper inflammation could lead to cerebral edema and cranial hypertension. The most promising strategies of immunotherapy in neuro-oncology consist of the use of autologous T cells redirected against tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs or genetically modified T-cell receptors. Trials based on native or genetically engineered oncolytic viruses and on vaccination with tumor-associated antigen peptides are also under evaluation. Despite some sporadic complete remissions achieved in clinical trials, the outcome of patients with CNS tumors treated with different immunotherapeutic approaches remains poor. Based on the lessons learned from these unsatisfactory experiences, novel immune-therapy approaches aimed at overcoming the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment of these diseases are bringing new hope to reach the cure for CNS tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Quintarelli
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Camera
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Iside Alessi
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Siddiqui RS, Sardar M. A Systematic Review of the Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Cureus 2021; 13:e14494. [PMID: 34007747 PMCID: PMC8122224 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy utilizes patients' own T lymphocytes that are engineered to attack cancer cells. It is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved in various hematological malignancies and currently being evaluated in solid cancers in early phase studies. We did a systematic review consisting of 15 prospective clinical trials (n=159) evaluating CAR-T cells in solid cancers. Early phase trials showed promising response rates in ovarian epithelial cancer (100%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive sarcoma (67%), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive biliary tract cancer (65%), advanced gastric/pancreatic cancer (82%), hepatocellular carcinoma (67%), and colorectal cancer (70%). The median overall response across all malignancies was 62% (range 17%-100%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached in most trials. Cytokine release syndrome was seen in only one patient with cholangiocarcinoma who received EGFR-specific CAR-T cell therapy. Although survival data is still not mature, CAR-T cell therapy in solid malignancies did show encouraging response rates and was well-tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheel S Siddiqui
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (New York City Health and Hospitals/Queens), Jamaica, USA
| | - Muhammad Sardar
- Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pietrobon V, Cesano A, Marincola F, Kather JN. Next Generation Imaging Techniques to Define Immune Topographies in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604967. [PMID: 33584676 PMCID: PMC7873485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy experienced remarkable developments and it is nowadays considered a promising therapeutic frontier against many types of cancer, especially hematological malignancies. However, in most types of solid tumors, immunotherapy efficacy is modest, partly because of the limited accessibility of lymphocytes to the tumor core. This immune exclusion is mediated by a variety of physical, functional and dynamic barriers, which play a role in shaping the immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment. At present there is no unified and integrated understanding about the role played by different postulated models of immune exclusion in human solid tumors. Systematically mapping immune landscapes or "topographies" in cancers of different histology is of pivotal importance to characterize spatial and temporal distribution of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, providing insights into mechanisms of immune exclusion. Spatially mapping immune cells also provides quantitative information, which could be informative in clinical settings, for example for the discovery of new biomarkers that could guide the design of patient-specific immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to summarize current standard and next generation approaches to define Cancer Immune Topographies based on published studies and propose future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhattarai S, Saini G, Gogineni K, Aneja R. Quadruple-negative breast cancer: novel implications for a new disease. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:127. [PMID: 33213491 PMCID: PMC7678108 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the androgen receptor (AR) expression, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be subdivided into AR-positive TNBC and AR-negative TNBC, also known as quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC). QNBC characterization and treatment is fraught with many challenges. In QNBC, there is a greater paucity of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets than AR-positive TNBC. Although the prognostic role of AR in TNBC remains controversial, many studies revealed that a lack of AR expression confers a more aggressive disease course. Literature characterizing QNBC tumor biology and uncovering novel biomarkers for improved management of the disease remains scarce. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current QNBC landscape and propose avenues for future research, suggesting potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that warrant investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Bhattarai
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Geetanjali Saini
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Flippe L, Gaignerie A, Sérazin C, Baron O, Saulquin X, Themeli M, Guillonneau C, David L. Rapid and Reproducible Differentiation of Hematopoietic and T Cell Progenitors From Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577464. [PMID: 33195214 PMCID: PMC7606846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy using T cells has revolutionized medical care in recent years but limitations are associated with the difficulty of genome editing of the cells, the production of a sufficient number of cells and standardization of the product. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into T cells to provide a standardized homogenous product of defined origin in indefinite quantity, therefore they are of great potential to alleviate limitations of therapeutic T cell production. The differentiation of hPSCs takes place in two steps: first the induction of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), then the induction of lymphopoiesis by Notch signaling. However, the differentiation of T cells from hPSCs can be difficult and lack reproducibility. One parameter that needs to be better assessed is the potential of DLL1 vs. DLL4 ligands of the Notch pathway to induce T cells. In addition, culture of hPSCs is labor-intensive and not compatible with GMP production, especially when they are cultured on feeder cells. Thus, the definition of a robust GMP-compatible differentiation protocol from hPSCs cultured in feeder-free conditions would increase the accessibility to off-the-shelf hematopoietic and T cell progenitors derived from hPSCs. In this article, we describe an efficient, rapid and reproducible protocol for the generation of hematopoietic and T cell progenitors in two steps: (1) generation of HSPCs from embryoid bodies (EB) in serum free medium and GMP-compatible feeder-free systems, (2) directed differentiation of hPSC-derived HSPCs into T-cell progenitors in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells expressing Notch-ligands OP9-DLL1 vs. OP9-DLL4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Flippe
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Anne Gaignerie
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Sérazin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Baron
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tamura R, Toda M. Historic Overview of Genetic Engineering Technologies for Human Gene Therapy. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2020; 60:483-491. [PMID: 32908085 PMCID: PMC7555159 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concepts of gene therapy were initially introduced during the 1960s. Since the early 1990s, more than 1900 clinical trials have been conducted for the treatment of genetic diseases and cancers mainly using viral vectors. Although a variety of methods have also been performed for the treatment of malignant gliomas, it has been difficult to target invasive glioma cells. To overcome this problem, immortalized neural stem cell (NSC) and a nonlytic, amphotropic retroviral replicating vector (RRV) have attracted attention for gene delivery to invasive glioma. Recently, genome editing technology targeting insertions at site-specific locations has advanced; in particular, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has been developed. Since 2015, more than 30 clinical trials have been conducted using genome editing technologies, and the results have shown the potential to achieve positive patient outcomes. Gene therapy using CRISPR technologies for the treatment of a wide range of diseases is expected to continuously advance well into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Macpherson AM, Barry SC, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and the Immune System: Biology, Interactions, Challenges and Potential Advances for Immunotherapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2967. [PMID: 32937961 PMCID: PMC7564553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of immune function and the interactions with tumour cells have led to the development of various cancer immunotherapies and strategies for specific cancer types. However, despite some stunning successes with some malignancies such as melanomas and lung cancer, most patients receive little or no benefit from immunotherapy, which has been attributed to the tumour microenvironment and immune evasion. Although the US Food and Drug Administration have approved immunotherapies for some cancers, to date, only the anti-angiogenic antibody bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer are still under development and being tested in numerous clinical trials. A detailed understanding of the interactions between cancer and the immune system is vital for optimisation of immunotherapies either alone or when combined with chemotherapy and other therapies. This article, in two main parts, provides an overview of: (1) components of the normal immune system and current knowledge regarding tumour immunology, biology and their interactions; (2) strategies, and targets, together with challenges and potential innovative approaches for cancer immunotherapy, with attention given to epithelial ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Macpherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Simon C. Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Patterson JD, Henson JC, Breese RO, Bielamowicz KJ, Rodriguez A. CAR T Cell Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1582. [PMID: 32903405 PMCID: PMC7435009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently begun to be used for solid tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme. Many children with pediatric malignant brain tumors develop extensive long-term morbidity of intensive multimodal curative treatment. Others with certain diagnoses and relapsed disease continue to have limited therapies and a dismal prognosis. Novel treatments such as CAR T cells could potentially improve outcomes and ameliorate the toxicity of current treatment. In this review, we discuss the potential of using CAR therapy for pediatric brain tumors. The emerging insights on the molecular subtypes and tumor microenvironment of these tumors provide avenues to devise strategies for CAR T cell therapy. Unique characteristics of these brain tumors, such as location and associated morbid treatment induced neuro-inflammation, are novel challenges not commonly encountered in adult brain tumors. Despite these considerations, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be integrated into treatment schema for aggressive pediatric malignant brain tumors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Patterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Henson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Rebecca O Breese
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kevin J Bielamowicz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schurich A, Magalhaes I, Mattsson J. Metabolic regulation of CAR T cell function by the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:335-345. [PMID: 30678555 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of immunometabolism has attracted growing attention as an area at the heart of immune regulation. Upon activation, T cells undergo significant metabolic changes allowing them to mediate effector responses. The advent of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-adoptive therapy has shown some striking clinical efficacy but fails to induce sufficient antitumor response in many patients. Solid tumors put up significant opposition creating a microenvironment deficient of oxygen and glucose, depriving T cells of energy and pushing them to exhaustion. Here, we focus on immune suppressive mechanisms related to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and the resulting metabolic changes in T cells. New therapeutic approaches such as generating chimeric antigen receptor T cells able to withstand the challenging solid tumor microenvironment are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schurich
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cowell LG. The Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential of Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire Profiling in Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 80:643-654. [PMID: 31888887 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes play a critical role in antitumor immune responses. They are directly targeted by some therapies, and the composition and spatial organization of intratumor T-cell populations is prognostic in some cancer types. A better understanding of lymphocyte population dynamics over the course of disease and in response to therapy is urgently needed to guide therapy decisions and to develop new therapy targets. Deep sequencing of the repertoire of antigen receptor-encoding genes expressed in a lymphocyte population has become a widely used approach for profiling the population's immune status. Lymphocyte antigen receptor repertoire deep sequencing data can be used to assess the clonal richness and diversity of lymphocyte populations; to track clone members over time, between tissues, and across lymphocyte subsets; to detect clonal expansion; and to detect the recruitment of new clones into a tissue. Repertoire sequencing is thus a critical complement to other methods of lymphocyte and immune profiling in cancer. This review describes the current state of knowledge based on repertoire sequencing studies conducted on human cancer patients, with a focus on studies of the T-cell receptor beta chain locus. The review then outlines important questions left unanswered and suggests future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay G Cowell
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Griessinger CM, Schmid AM, Sonanini D, Schörg BF, Jarboui MA, Bukala D, Mucha N, Fehrenbacher B, Steinhilber J, Martella M, Kohlhofer U, Schaller M, Zender L, Rammensee HG, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Röcken M, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ. The administration route of tumor-antigen-specific T-helper cells differentially modulates the tumor microenvironment and senescence. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:289-302. [PMID: 30753335 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with adoptively transferred tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T-helper cells is a promising immunotherapeutic approach. In the pancreatic cancer model RIP-Tag2, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of Tag-specific TH1 cells exhibited a profound antitumoral efficiency. We investigated, whether an intravenous (i.v.) application of Tag-TH1 cells induces an equivalent therapeutic effect. Adoptively transferred fluorescent Tag-TH1 cells revealed a pronounced homing to the tumors after either i.p. or i.v. transfer, and both routes induced an almost equivalent therapeutic effect as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging, blood glucose level course and histology. The i.v. administration of Tag-TH1 cells induced p16INK4-positive/Ki67-negative tumor senescence more efficiently than i.p. administration. Both routes replenish host CD4+ T cells by transferred T cells and recruitment of B and dendritic cells to the tumors while reducing CD8+ T cells and depleting macrophages. Both administration routes efficiently induced a similar antitumoral efficiency despite the pronounced senescence induction after i.v. administration. Thus, a combinatory i.v./i.p. injection of therapeutic cells might overcome limitations of the individual routes and improve therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Griessinger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara F Schörg
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bukala
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Mucha
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanderson JP, Crowley DJ, Wiedermann GE, Quinn LL, Crossland KL, Tunbridge HM, Cornforth TV, Barnes CS, Ahmed T, Howe K, Saini M, Abbott RJ, Anderson VE, Tavano B, Maroto M, Gerry AB. Preclinical evaluation of an affinity-enhanced MAGE-A4-specific T-cell receptor for adoptive T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1682381. [PMID: 32002290 PMCID: PMC6959444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1682381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial obstacle to the success of adoptive T cell-based cancer immunotherapy is the sub-optimal affinity of T-cell receptors (TCRs) for most tumor antigens. Genetically engineered TCRs that have enhanced affinity for specific tumor peptide-MHC complexes may overcome this barrier. However, this enhancement risks increasing weak TCR cross-reactivity to other antigens expressed by normal tissues, potentially leading to clinical toxicities. To reduce the risk of such adverse clinical outcomes, we have developed an extensive preclinical testing strategy, involving potency testing using 2D and 3D human cell cultures and primary tumor material, and safety testing using human primary cell and cell-line cross-reactivity screening and molecular analysis to predict peptides recognized by the affinity-enhanced TCR. Here, we describe this strategy using a developmental T-cell therapy, ADP-A2M4, which recognizes the HLA-A2-restricted MAGE-A4 peptide GVYDGREHTV. ADP-A2M4 demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in the absence of major off-target cross-reactivity against a range of human primary cells and cell lines. Identification and characterization of peptides recognized by the affinity-enhanced TCR also revealed no cross-reactivity. These studies demonstrated that this TCR is highly potent and without major safety concerns, and as a result, this TCR is now being investigated in two clinical trials (NCT03132922, NCT04044768).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tina Ahmed
- Preclinical Research, Adaptimmune, Abingdon, UK
| | - Karen Howe
- Target Validation, Adaptimmune, Abingdon, UK
| | - Manoj Saini
- Preclinical Research, Adaptimmune, Abingdon, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cui J, Liu X, Chow LMC. Flavonoids as P-gp Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of SARs. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4799-4831. [PMID: 30277144 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181001115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, also known as ABCB1 in the ABC transporter family, confers the simultaneous resistance of metastatic cancer cells towards various anticancer drugs with different targets and diverse chemical structures. The exploration of safe and specific inhibitors of this pump has always been the pursuit of scientists for the past four decades. Naturally occurring flavonoids as benzopyrone derivatives were recognized as a class of nontoxic inhibitors of P-gp. The recent advent of synthetic flavonoid dimer FD18, as a potent P-gp modulator in reversing multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo, specifically targeted the pseudodimeric structure of the drug transporter and represented a new generation of inhibitors with high transporter binding affinity and low toxicity. This review concerned the recent updates on the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids as P-gp inhibitors, the molecular mechanisms of their action and their ability to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR in preclinical studies. It had crucial implications on the discovery of new drug candidates that modulated the efflux of ABC transporters and also provided some clues for the future development in this promising area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, United States
| | - Larry M C Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lévesque S, Le Naour J, Pietrocola F, Paillet J, Kremer M, Castoldi F, Baracco EE, Wang Y, Vacchelli E, Stoll G, Jolly A, De La Grange P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Pol JG. A synergistic triad of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and caloric restriction mimetics eradicates tumors in mice. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1657375. [PMID: 31646107 PMCID: PMC6791453 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1657375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents can be advantageously combined with fasting regimens or caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) to achieve superior tumor growth control via a T cell-dependent mechanism. Here, we show that the blockade of the CD11b-dependent extravasation of myeloid cells blocks such a combination effect as well. Based on the characterization of the myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates, including the expression pattern of immune checkpoint proteins (and noting a chemotherapy-induced overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1, on both cancer cells and leukocytes, as well as a reduced frequency of exhausted CD8+ T cells positive for programmed cell death 1 protein, PD-1), we then evaluated the possibility to combine ICD inducers, CRMs and targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. While fasting or CRMs failed to improve tumor growth control by PD-1 blockade, ICD inducers alone achieved a partial sensitization to treatment with a PD-1-specific antibody. However, definitive cure of most of the tumor-bearing mice was only achieved by a tritherapy combining (i) ICD inducers exemplified by mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin, (ii) CRMs exemplified by hydroxycitrate and spermidine and substitutable for by fasting, and (iii) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Altogether, these results point to the possibility of synergistic interactions among distinct classes of anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lévesque
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Paillet
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Margerie Kremer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elisa E. Baracco
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ma S, Li X, Wang X, Cheng L, Li Z, Zhang C, Ye Z, Qian Q. Current Progress in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2548-2560. [PMID: 31754328 PMCID: PMC6854376 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells has shown exhilarative clinical efficacy for hematological malignancies. Recently two CAR-T cell based therapeutics, Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel) and Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel) approved by US FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) are now used for treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) respectively in the US. Despite the progresses made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges still remain for use of CAR-T cell therapy to treat solid tumors. In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors. To further understand the current status and trend for developing CAR-T cell based therapies for various solid tumors, this review emphasizes on CAR-T techniques, current obstacles, and strategies for application, as well as necessary companion diagnostics for treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenlong Ye
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijun Qian
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cell Therapy Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Strategies for Targeting Cancer Immunotherapy Through Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
40
|
Simon B, Harrer DC, Schuler-Thurner B, Schaft N, Schuler G, Dörrie J, Uslu U. The siRNA-mediated downregulation of PD-1 alone or simultaneously with CTLA-4 shows enhanced in vitro CAR-T-cell functionality for further clinical development towards the potential use in immunotherapy of melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:769-778. [PMID: 29704887 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have been used successfully for cancer immunotherapy. While substantial tumor regression was observed in leukaemia and lymphoma, CAR therapy of solid tumors needs further improvement. A major obstacle to the efficiency of engineered T cells is posed by triggering of inhibitory receptors, for example programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), leading to an impaired antitumor activity. To boost CAR-T-cell function, we co-electroporated T cells with both, mRNA encoding a CAR specific for chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to downregulate PD-1 (siPD-1) and CTLA-4 (siCTLA-4). Flow cytometry revealed that activation-induced upregulation of both PD-1 and CTLA-4 was suppressed when compared to CAR-T cells electroporated with negative control siRNA. The siRNA transfection showed no influence on CAR expression of engineered T cells. Functionality assays were performed using PD-L1- and CD80-transfected melanoma cells endogenously expressing CSPG4. CAR-T cells transfected with siPD-1 alone showed improvement in cytokine secretion. Additionally, CAR-T cells transfected with either siPD-1 alone or together with siCTLA-4 exhibited a significantly increased cytotoxicity. No or only little effects were observed when CAR-T cells were co-transfected with siCTLA-4 only. Taken together, it is feasible to optimize CAR-T cells by co-transfection of CAR-encoding mRNA and siRNAs to downregulate inhibitory receptors. Our in vitro data indicate an improvement of the functionality of these CAR-T cells, suggesting that this strategy could represent a novel method to enhance CAR-T-cell immunotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis C Harrer
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ugur Uslu
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Ozkazanc D, Georgoudaki AM, Pamukcu C, Aras M, Josey BJ, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Duru AD, Sutlu T. Engineering antigen-specific NK cell lines against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1278-1290. [PMID: 31054264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of Chimeric Antigen Receptors to NK cells has so far been the main practical method for targeting NK cells to specific surface antigens. In contrast, T cell receptor (TCR) gene delivery can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) targeted against intracellular antigens. However, a major barrier in the development of safe CTL-TCR therapies exists, wherein the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits leads to formation of TCRs with off-target specificity. To overcome this and enable specific intracellular antigen targeting, we have tested the use of NK cells for TCR gene transfer to human cells. Our results show that ectopic expression of TCR α/β chains, along with CD3 subunits, enables the functional expression of an antigen-specific TCR complex on NK cell lines NK-92 and YTS, demonstrated by using a TCR against the HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-377 . Most importantly, the introduction of a TCR complex to NK cell lines enables MHC-restricted, antigen-specific killing of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy which can also overcome the major hurdle of "mispairing" in TCR gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Parlar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mertkaya Aras
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Branecki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Pegah Zahedimaram
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lolai Ikromzoda
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Alici
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Batu Erman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil D Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Magalhaes I, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Hartana CA, Kaiser A, Lukic A, Mints M, Nilsson O, Grönlund H, Mattsson J, Berglund S. Facing the future: challenges and opportunities in adoptive T cell therapy in cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:811-827. [PMID: 30986360 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1608179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, immunotherapy for the treatment of solid cancer has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), especially T cell-based, has been found to cause tumor regression and even cure in a percentage of treated patients. Checkpoint inhibitors further underscore the potential of the T cell compartment in the treatment of cancer. Not all patients respond to these treatments; however, many challenges remain. AREAS COVERED This review covers the challenges and progress in tumor antigen target identification and selection, and cell product manufacturing for T cell ACT. Tumor immune escape mechanisms and strategies to overcome those in the context of T cell ACT are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The immunotherapy toolbox is rapidly expanding and improving, and the future promises further breakthroughs in the T cell ACT field. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment and the multiplicity of tumor immune escape mechanisms pose formidable challenges to successful T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors, however. Individualized approaches and strategies combining treatments targeting different immunotherapeutic aspects will be needed in order to expand the applicability and improve the response rates in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Magalhaes
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ciputra Adijaya Hartana
- c Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ana Lukic
- b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael Mints
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences , Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,e Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Medical Oncology and Hematology , Princess Margaret Cancer Center , Toronto , Canada.,f Department of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Ola Nilsson
- b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,f Department of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Sofia Berglund
- a Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mutational and Antigenic Landscape in Tumor Progression and Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:396-416. [PMID: 30765144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evolving neoplasms accumulate non-synonymous mutations at a high rate, potentially enabling the expression of antigenic epitopes that can be recognized by the immune system. Since they are not covered by central tolerance, such tumor neoantigens (TNAs) should be under robust immune control as they surge. However, genetic defects that impair cancer cell eradication by the immune system coupled with the establishment of local immunosuppression can enable TNA accumulation, which is generally associated with improved clinical sensitivity to various immunotherapies. Here, we explore how tumor-intrinsic factors and immunological processes shape the mutational and antigenic landscape of evolving neoplasms to influence clinical responses to immunotherapy, and propose strategies to achieve robust immunological control of the disease despite disabled immunosurveillance.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wennerberg E, Galluzzi L. Born to Kill: NK Cells Go to War against Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:143-145. [PMID: 30898260 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data emerging over the past year demonstrate that cancer cells suppress the cytotoxic functions of natural killer cells by a variety of mechanisms. These findings reveal a new arsenal of actionable therapeutic targets to drive clinically relevant immune responses against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adoptive cellular therapies: the current landscape. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:449-461. [PMID: 30470934 PMCID: PMC6447513 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many cancer types, the immune system plays an essential role in their development and growth. Based on these rather novel insights, immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed. In the past decade, immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated a major breakthrough in cancer treatment and has currently been approved for the treatment of multiple tumor types. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is another strategy to modify the immune system to recognize tumor cells and thus carry out an anti-tumor effector function. These treatments have shown promising results in various tumor types, and multiple clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to further optimize this treatment modality. Most successful results were obtained in hematological malignancies with the use of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy and already led to the commercial approval by the FDA. This review provides an overview of the developments in ACT, the associated toxicity, and the future potential of ACT in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
46
|
NF-κB Signaling in Targeting Tumor Cells by Oncolytic Viruses-Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110426. [PMID: 30413032 PMCID: PMC6265863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy became a promising therapeutic approach, leading to the introduction of a novel generation of anticancer drugs. However, despite evoking an antitumor response, introducing an oncolytic virus (OV) to the patient is still inefficient to overcome both tumor protective mechanisms and the limitation of viral replication by the host. In cancer treatment, nuclear factor (NF)-κB has been extensively studied among important therapeutic targets. The pleiotropic nature of NF-κB transcription factor includes its involvement in immunity and tumorigenesis. Therefore, in many types of cancer, aberrant activation of NF-κB can be observed. At the same time, the activity of NF-κB can be modified by OVs, which trigger an immune response and modulate NF-κB signaling. Due to the limitation of a monotherapy exploiting OVs only, the antitumor effect can be enhanced by combining OV with NF-κB-modulating drugs. This review describes the influence of OVs on NF-κB activation in tumor cells showing NF-κB signaling as an important aspect, which should be taken into consideration when targeting tumor cells by OVs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Smith M, García-Martínez E, Pitter MR, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1526250. [PMID: 30524908 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1526250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists demonstrate therapeutic promise as immunological adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. To date, three TLR agonists have been approved by US regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Additionally, the potential of hitherto experimental TLR ligands to mediate clinically useful immunostimulatory effects has been extensively investigated over the past few years. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael R Pitter
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McEachron TA, Triche TJ, Sorenson L, Parham DM, Carpten JD. Profiling targetable immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1475873. [PMID: 30524885 PMCID: PMC6279416 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1475873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are aggressive bone tumors for which therapeutic advances have not improved over several decades. Unlike most pediatric tumors, the osteosarcoma genome is remarkably unstable, characterized by numerous copy number alterations and chromosomal structural aberrations. In this study, we asked if the targetable immune checkpoints CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), CD276 (B7-H3) and IDO1 are impacted by copy number alterations in osteosarcoma. Of the 215 osteosarcoma samples investigated, PD-L1/PD-L2, B7-H3 and IDO1 were independently gained at frequencies of approximately 8-9%, with a cumulative frequency of approximately 24%. RNA sequencing data from two independent cohorts revealed that B7-H3 is the most highly expressed immune checkpoint gene among the four investigated. We also show that IDO1 is preferentially expressed in pediatric solid tumors and that increased protein expression of B7-H3 and IDO1 are significantly associated with inferior survival in patient samples. Using human osteosarcoma cell lines, we demonstrate that IDO1 is gained in MG63 and G292 cells and that the IDO1 inhibitor, epacadostat, inhibits the enzymatic activity of IDO1 in a dose-dependent manner in these cells. Together, these data reveal the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3 and IDO1 in osteosarcoma and identifies a potential context for targeted immunotherapeutic intervention in a subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy A McEachron
- Department of Translational Genomics
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Triche
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David M Parham
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bezu L, Kepp O, Cerrato G, Pol J, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Peptide-based vaccines in anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1511506. [PMID: 30524907 PMCID: PMC6279318 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1511506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based anticancer vaccination aims at stimulating an immune response against one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) following immunization with purified, recombinant or synthetically engineered epitopes. Despite high expectations, the peptide-based vaccines that have been explored in the clinic so far had limited therapeutic activity, largely due to cancer cell-intrinsic alterations that minimize antigenicity and/or changes in the tumor microenvironment that foster immunosuppression. Several strategies have been developed to overcome such limitations, including the use of immunostimulatory adjuvants, the co-treatment with cytotoxic anticancer therapies that enable the coordinated release of damage-associated molecular patterns, and the concomitant blockade of immune checkpoints. Personalized peptide-based vaccines are also being explored for therapeutic activity in the clinic. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical progress in the use of peptide-based vaccines as anticancer therapeutics.Abbreviations: CMP: carbohydrate-mimetic peptide; CMV: cytomegalovirus; DC: dendritic cell; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; HPV: human papillomavirus; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; MHP: melanoma helper vaccine; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; ODD: orphan drug designation; PPV: personalized peptide vaccination; SLP: synthetic long peptide; TAA: tumor-associated antigen; TNA: tumor neoantigen
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Cerrato
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Silva IPD, Batten M, Long GV. Reinvigorating tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from checkpoint inhibitor resistant melanomas. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:661-662. [PMID: 30131552 PMCID: PMC6173735 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcel Batten
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|