1
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Kiyasu Y, Zuo X, Liu Y, Yao JC, Shureiqi I. EPA, DHA, and resolvin effects on cancer risk: the underexplored mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024:106854. [PMID: 38825147 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements have exhibited inconsistent effects on cancer risk, and their potential efficacy as cancer preventive agents has been increasingly questioned, especially in recent large randomized clinical trials. The role of host factors that govern EPA and DHA metabolism in relation to their impact on carcinogenesis remains understudied. Resolvins, the products of EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, demonstrate intriguing antitumorigenic effects through mechanisms such as promoting macrophage phagocytosis of cell debris and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are crucial for cancer progression. However, clinical studies have not yet shown a significant increase in target tissue levels of resolvins with EPA and DHA supplementation. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15), a key enzyme in EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, is often lost in various major human cancers, including precancerous and advanced colorectal cancers. Further research is needed to elucidate whether the loss of ALOX15 expression in colorectal precancerous and cancerous cells affects EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism, the formation of resolvins, and subsequently carcinogenesis. The findings from these studies could aid in the development of novel and effective chemoprevention interventions to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James C Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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2
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Whately KM, Sengottuvel N, Edatt L, Srivastava S, Woods AT, Tsai YS, Porrello A, Zimmerman MP, Chack AC, Jefferys SR, Yacovone G, Kim DJ, Dudley AC, Amelio AL, Pecot CV. Spon1+ inflammatory monocytes promote collagen remodeling and lung cancer metastasis through lipoprotein receptor 8 signaling. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168792. [PMID: 38716730 PMCID: PMC11141919 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subset. We previously found that infiltration of tumor inflammatory monocytes (TIMs) into lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) tumors is associated with increased metastases and poor survival. To further understand how TIMs promote metastases, we compared RNA-Seq profiles of TIMs from several LUSC metastatic models with inflammatory monocytes (IMs) of non-tumor-bearing controls. We identified Spon1 as upregulated in TIMs and found that Spon1 expression in LUSC tumors corresponded with poor survival and enrichment of collagen extracellular matrix signatures. We observed SPON1+ TIMs mediate their effects directly through LRP8 on NSCLC cells, which resulted in TGF-β1 activation and robust production of fibrillar collagens. Using several orthogonal approaches, we demonstrated that SPON1+ TIMs were sufficient to promote NSCLC metastases. Additionally, we found that Spon1 loss in the host, or Lrp8 loss in cancer cells, resulted in a significant decrease of both high-density collagen matrices and metastases. Finally, we confirmed the relevance of the SPON1/LRP8/TGF-β1 axis with collagen production and survival in patients with NSCLC. Taken together, our study describes how SPON1+ TIMs promote collagen remodeling and NSCLC metastases through an LRP8/TGF-β1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisitha Sengottuvel
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lincy Edatt
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Allison T. Woods
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and
| | - Yihsuan S. Tsai
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Matthew P. Zimmerman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and
| | - Aaron C. Chack
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and
| | - Andrew C. Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chad V. Pecot
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
- Division of Oncology and
- RNA Discovery Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Araujo RLC, Fonseca LG, Silva RO, Linhares MM, Uson Junior PLS. Molecular profiling and patient selection for the multimodal approaches for patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:273-292. [PMID: 38617479 PMCID: PMC11007353 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the third most common cancer and about 20% are diagnosed with synchronous metastatic disease. From a historical point of view, surgery remains the mainstream treatment for resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Furthermore, disease outcomes are improving due significant advances in systemic treatments and diagnostic methods. However, the optimal timing for neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery for CRLM has not yet been established and remains an open question. Thus, patient selection combining image workouts, time of recurrence, positive lymph nodes, and molecular biomarkers can improve the decision-making process. Nevertheless, molecular profiling is rising as a promising field to be incorporated in the multimodal approach and guide patient selection and sequencing of treatment. Tumor biomakers, genetic profiling, and circulating tumor DNA have been used to offer as much personalized treatment as possible, based on the precision oncology concept of tailored care rather than a guideline-based therapy. This review article discusses the role of molecular pathology and biomarkers as prognostic and predictor factors in the diagnosis and treatment of resectable CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael L. C. Araujo
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital e Maternidade Brasil—Rede D’Or São Luiz, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo G. Fonseca
- Hospital e Maternidade Brasil—Rede D’Or São Luiz, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Oliveira Silva
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro L. S. Uson Junior
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Wang M, Chen S, He X, Yuan Y, Wei X. Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38520006 PMCID: PMC10960486 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore the potential role of inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, and metastasis to the resistance of tumors to treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate the potential to suppress cancer development, but also to improve the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities. In this review, we describe the highly dynamic and complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with discussion on key inflammation mediators in cancer including inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and their downstream intracellular pathways. In addition, we especially address the role of inflammation in cancer development and highlight the action mechanisms of inflammation-targeted therapies in antitumor response. Finally, we summarize the results from both preclinical and clinical studies up to date to illustrate the translation potential of inflammation-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang X, Detering L, Heo GS, Sultan D, Luehmann H, Li L, Somani V, Lesser J, Tao J, Kang LI, Li A, Lahad D, Rho S, Ruzinova MB, DeNardo DG, Dehdashti F, Lim KH, Liu Y. Chemokine Receptor 2 Targeted PET/CT Imaging Distant Metastases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:285-293. [PMID: 38230294 PMCID: PMC10789124 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-refractory malignancies. The lack of an effective screening tool results in the majority of patients being diagnosed at late stages, which underscores the urgent need to develop more sensitive and specific imaging modalities, particularly in detecting occult metastases, to aid clinical decision-making. The tumor microenvironment of PDAC is heavily infiltrated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that express C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2). These CCR2-expressing MDSCs accumulate at a very early stage of metastasis and greatly outnumber PDAC cells, making CCR2 a promising target for detecting early, small metastatic lesions that have scant PDAC cells. Herein, we evaluated a CCR2 targeting PET tracer (68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i) for PET imaging on PDAC metastasis in two mouse models. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of 68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i was performed in a hemisplenic injection metastasis model (KI) and a genetically engineered orthotopic PDAC model (KPC), which were compared with 18F-FDG PET concurrently. Autoradiography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and CCR2 immunohistochemical staining were performed to characterize the metastatic lesions. PET/CT images visualized the PDAC metastases in the liver/lung of KI mice and in the liver of KPC mice. Quantitative uptake analysis revealed increased metastasis uptake during disease progression in both models. In comparison, 18F-FDG PET failed to detect any metastases during the time course studies. H&E staining showed metastases in the liver and lung of KI mice, within which immunostaining clearly demonstrated the overexpression of CCR2 as well as CCR2+ cell infiltration into the normal liver. H&E staining, CCR2 staining, and autoradiography also confirmed the expression of CCR2 and the uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i in the metastatic foci in KPC mice. Using our novel CCR2 targeted radiotracer 68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i and PET/CT, we demonstrated the sensitive and specific detection of CCR2 in the early PDAC metastases in two mouse models, indicating its potential in future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lisa Detering
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Division
of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Vikas Somani
- Division
of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Josie Lesser
- Department
of Anthropology, Washington University in
St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joan Tao
- Department
of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Liang-I. Kang
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alexandria Li
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Divangana Lahad
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Shinji Rho
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Marianna B. Ruzinova
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Division
of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division
of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department
of Radiology, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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6
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Casari M, Siegl D, Deppermann C, Schuppan D. Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277808. [PMID: 38116017 PMCID: PMC10728659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During fibrosis, (myo)fibroblasts deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, thereby replacing healthy functional tissue. In liver fibrosis, this leads to the loss of hepatocyte function, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and increased susceptibility to infection. At an early stage, liver fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process, however, from the cirrhotic stage, there is significant progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Both liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers of fibrosis progression, but can also induce its regression once triggers of chronic inflammation are eliminated. In liver cancer, they are attracted to the tumor site to become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized towards a M2- anti-inflammatory/tumor-promoting phenotype. Besides their role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets can also stimulate fibrosis and tumor development by secreting profibrogenic factors and regulating the innate immune response, e.g., by interacting with monocytes and macrophages. Here, we review recent literature on the role of macrophages and platelets and their interplay in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Casari
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Olivera I, Luri-Rey C, Teijeira A, Eguren-Santamaria I, Gomis G, Palencia B, Berraondo P, Melero I. Facts and Hopes on Neutralization of Protumor Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4711-4727. [PMID: 37522874 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer pathogenesis, soluble mediators are responsible for a type of inflammation that favors the progression of tumors. The mechanisms chiefly involve changes in the cellular composition of the tumor tissue stroma and in the functional modulation of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Active immunosuppression, proangiogenesis, changes in leukocyte traffic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and alterations in tumor-antigen presentation are the main mechanisms linked to the inflammation that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Soluble inflammatory mediators and their receptors are amenable to various types of inhibitors that can be combined with other immunotherapy approaches. The main proinflammatory targets which can be interfered with at present and which are under preclinical and clinical development are IL1β, IL6, the CXCR1/2 chemokine axis, TNFα, VEGF, leukemia inhibitory factor, CCL2, IL35, and prostaglandins. In many instances, the corresponding neutralizing agents are already clinically available and can be repurposed as a result of their use in other areas of medicine such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Belen Palencia
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Savchenko IV, Zlotnikov ID, Kudryashova EV. Biomimetic Systems Involving Macrophages and Their Potential for Targeted Drug Delivery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:543. [PMID: 37999184 PMCID: PMC10669405 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of targeted drug delivery can be described in terms of the drug systems' ability to mimic the biological objects' property to localize to target cells or tissues. For example, drug delivery systems based on red blood cells or mimicking some of their useful features, such as long circulation in stealth mode, have been known for decades. On the contrary, therapeutic strategies based on macrophages have gained very limited attention until recently. Here, we review two biomimetic strategies associated with macrophages that can be used to develop new therapeutic modalities: first, the mimicry of certain types of macrophages (i.e., the use of macrophages, including tumor-associated or macrophage-derived particles as a carrier for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents); second, the mimicry of ligands, naturally absorbed by macrophages (i.e., the use of therapeutic agents specifically targeted at macrophages). We discuss the potential applications of biomimetic systems involving macrophages for new advancements in the treatment of infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena V. Kudryashova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia (I.D.Z.)
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9
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He K, Wang Z, Luo M, Li B, Ding N, Li L, He B, Wang H, Cao J, Huang C, Yang J, Chen HN. Metastasis organotropism in colorectal cancer: advancing toward innovative therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 37689664 PMCID: PMC10493031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Organotropism, referring to the propensity of metastasis to target specific organs, is a well-documented phenomenon in CRC, with the liver, lungs, and peritoneum being preferred sites. Prior to establishing premetastatic niches within host organs, CRC cells secrete substances that promote metastatic organotropism. Given the pivotal role of organotropism in CRC metastasis, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is crucial for biomarker-based diagnosis, innovative treatment development, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on metabolic reprogramming, tumor-derived exosomes, the immune system, and cancer cell-organ interactions to outline the molecular mechanisms of CRC organotropic metastasis. Furthermore, we consider the prospect of targeting metastatic organotropism for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Bied M, Ho WW, Ginhoux F, Blériot C. Roles of macrophages in tumor development: a spatiotemporal perspective. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:983-992. [PMID: 37429944 PMCID: PMC10468537 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis but are also abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In both primary tumors and metastases, such tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) seem to support tumor development. While we know that TAMs are the dominant immune cells in the TME, their vast heterogeneity and associated functions are only just being unraveled. In this review, we outline the various known TAM populations found thus far and delineate their specialized roles associated with the main stages of cancer progression. We discuss how macrophages may prime the premetastatic niche to enable the growth of a metastasis and then how subsequent metastasis-associated macrophages can support secondary tumor growth. Finally, we speculate on the challenges that remain to be overcome in TAM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bied
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - William W Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Camille Blériot
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Necker des Enfants Malades, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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11
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Tsilimigras DI, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cells 2023; 12:1657. [PMID: 37371127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most frequently target for metastasis among patients with colorectal cancer mainly because of the portal vein circulation that directly connects the colon and rectum with the liver. The liver tumor microenvironment consists of different cell types each with unique characteristics and functions that modulate the antigen recognition and immune system activation. Primary tumors from other sites "prime" the liver prior to the seeding of cancer cells, creating a pre-metastatic niche. Following invasion into the liver, four different phases are key to the development of liver metastases: a microvascular phase in which cancer cells infiltrate and become trapped in sinusoidal vessels; an extravascular, pre-angiogenic phase; an angiogenic phase that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells; and a growth phase in which metastatic cells multiply and enlarge to form detectable tumors. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, as well as genetic information that can create a pre-metastatic niche in distant sites, including the liver. The complexity of angiogenic mechanisms and the exploitation of the vasculature in situ by cancer cells have limited the efficacy of currently available anti-angiogenic therapies. Delineating the molecular mechanisms implicated in colorectal liver metastases is crucial to understand and predict tumor progression; the development of distant metastases; and resistance to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Recent Emerging Immunological Treatments for Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Chemokine-Targeting Immunotherapies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060841. [PMID: 36980182 PMCID: PMC10046911 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide and are characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity and high invasiveness. Current drug and radiotherapy therapies combined with surgical approaches tend to increase the five-year survival of affected patients, however, the overall mortality rate remains high, thus constituting a clinical challenge for which the discovery of new therapeutic strategies is needed. In this field, novel immunotherapy approaches, aimed at overcoming the complex immunosuppressive microenvironment, could represent a new method of treatment for central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Chemokines especially are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties of binding their receptors. Chemokines regulate the recruitment and/or tissue retention of immune cells as well as the mobilization of tumor cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promoting tumor growth. On this basis, this review focuses on the function and involvement of chemokines and their receptors in primary brain tumors, specifically examining chemokine-targeting immunotherapies as one of the most promising strategies in neuro-oncology.
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13
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Deng H, Li J, Shah AA, Ge L, Ouyang W. Comprehensive in-silico analysis of deleterious SNPs in APOC2 and APOA5 and their differential expression in cancer and cardiovascular diseases conditions. Genomics 2023; 115:110567. [PMID: 36690263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in APOC2 and APOA5 genes involve activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TG) in blood and whose impaired functions affect the TG metabolism and are associated with metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigate the biological significance of genetic variations at the DNA sequence and structural level using various computational tools. Subsequently, 8 (APOC2) and 17 (APOA5) non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) were identified as high-confidence deleterious SNPs based on the effects of the mutations on protein conservation, stability, and solvent accessibility. Furthermore, based on our docking results, the interaction of native and mutant forms of the corresponding proteins with LPL depicts differences in root mean square deviation (RMSD), and binding affinities suggest that these mutations may affect their function. Furthermore, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that differential expression of these genes in disease conditions due to the influence of nsSNPs abundance may be associated with promoting the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary screening using computational methods can be a helpful start in understanding the effects of mutations in APOC2 and APOA5 on lipid metabolism; however, further wet-lab experiments would further strengthen the conclusions drawn from the computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; Hunan provincial key laboratory of Neurorestoratology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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14
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Cheruku S, Rao V, Pandey R, Rao Chamallamudi M, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Tumor-associated macrophages employ immunoediting mechanisms in colorectal tumor progression: Current research in Macrophage repolarization immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109569. [PMID: 36773572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the most prolific resident of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate its TME into tumor suppressive or progressive milieu by utilizing immunoediting machinery. Here, the tumor cells construct an immunosuppressive microenvironment that educates TAMs to polarize from anti-tumor TAM-M1 to pro-tumor TAM-M2 phenotype consequently contributing to tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TME displays a prominent pro-tumorigenic immune profile with elevated expression of immune-checkpoint molecules notably PD-1, CTLA4, etc., in both MSI and ultra-mutated MSS tumors. This authenticated immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy as a pre-requisite for clinical benefit in CRC. However, in response to ICI, specifically, the MSIhi tumors evolved to produce novel immune escape variants thus undermining ICI. Lately, TAM-directed therapies extending from macrophage depletion to repolarization have enabled TME alteration. While TAM accrual implicates clinical benefit in CRC, sustained inflammatory insult may program TAMs to shift from M1 to M2 phenotype. Their ability to oscillate on both facets of the spectrum represents macrophage repolarization immunotherapy as an effective approach to treating CRC. In this review, we briefly discuss the differentiation heterogeneity of colonic macrophages that partake in macrophage-directed immunoediting mechanisms in CRC progression and its employment in macrophage re-polarization immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SriPragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
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15
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Zhang L, Wang X, Zhao W, Liu J. Overview of m 6A and circRNAs in human cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04610-8. [PMID: 36807759 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the richest post-transcriptional modification of RNA in eukaryotic cells, is dynamically installed/uninstalled by the RNA methylase complex ("writer") and demethylase ("eraser") and recognized by the m6A-binding protein ("reader"). M6A modification on RNA metabolism involves maturation, nuclear export, translation and splicing, thereby playing a critical role in cellular pathophysiology and disease processes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure. Due to its conserved and stable properties, circRNAs could participate in physiological and pathological processes through unique pathways. Despite the recent discovery of m6A and circRNAs remains in the initial stage, research has shown that m6A modifications are widespread in circRNAs and regulates circRNA metabolism, including biogenesis, cell localization, translation, and degradation. In this review, we describe the functional crosstalk between m6A and circRNAs, and illustrate their roles in cancer development. Moreover, we discuss the potential mechanisms and future research directions of m6A modification and circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Zhang
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jingwen Liu
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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16
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Zou Z, Lin H, Li M, Lin B. Tumor-associated macrophage polarization in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1103149. [PMID: 36816959 PMCID: PMC9934926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1103149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammation of tumor continues to recruit TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages) to the TME (tumor microenvironment) and promote polarization. Pro-inflammatory signals polarize macrophages to the M1 phenotype to enhance inflammation against pathogens. Tumor inflammatory development changes the pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory response, resulting in the alteration of macrophages from M1 to M2 to promote tumor progression. Additionally, hypoxia activates HIF (hypoxia-inducible factors) in the TME, which reprograms macrophages to the M2 phenotype to support tumor development. Here, we discuss the factors that drive phenotypic changes in TAMs in the inflammatory TME, which will help in the development of cancer immunotherapy of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Zou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongfen Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China,Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Mengsen Li, ; Bo Lin,
| | - Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Mengsen Li, ; Bo Lin,
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17
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Cao J, Chow L, Dow S. Strategies to overcome myeloid cell induced immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116016. [PMID: 37114134 PMCID: PMC10126309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis due to tumor immune evasion and drug resistance is strongly associated with immune suppressive cellular responses, particularly in the case of metastatic tumors. The myeloid cell component plays a key role within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and disrupts both adaptive and innate immune cell responses leading to loss of tumor control. Therefore, strategies to eliminate or modulate the myeloid cell compartment of the TME are increasingly attractive to non-specifically increase anti-tumoral immunity and enhance existing immunotherapies. This review covers current strategies targeting myeloid suppressor cells in the TME to enhance anti-tumoral immunity, including strategies that target chemokine receptors to deplete selected immune suppressive myeloid cells and relieve the inhibition imposed on the effector arms of adaptive immunity. Remodeling the TME can in turn improve the activity of other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapies in immunologically "cold" tumors. When possible, in this review, we have provided evidence and outcomes from recent or current clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of the specific strategies used to target myeloid cells in the TME. The review seeks to provide a broad overview of how myeloid cell targeting can become a key foundational approach to an overall strategy for improving tumor responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cao
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Dow,
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18
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Shimizu M, Hojo M, Ikushima K, Yamamoto Y, Maeno A, Sakamoto Y, Ishimaru N, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Hirose A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Nakae D. Continuous infiltration of small peritoneal macrophages in the mouse peritoneum through CCR2-dependent and -independent routes during fibrosis and mesothelioma development induced by a multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWNT-7. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:617-639. [PMID: 38044124 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although toxicities of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) have been found to be related with activities of macrophages phagocytosing the fibers, the exact relationship between macrophage population and pathogenesis of fibrosis and mesotheliomas induced by MWCNTs is largely unknown. CCL2-CCR2 axis, a major monocyte/macrophage infiltration route, is thought to be involved in not only acute inflammation but also the formation of tumor microenvironment. We therefore described a time-course of alteration of macrophage population in an attempt to clarify the contribution of the Ccr2 gene to mesotheliomagenesis. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and Ccr2-knockout (KO) mice were intraperitoneally administered with MWNT-7 and were sequentially necropsied at 1, 7, 28, 90, and 245 day(s) after the injection. Peritoneal fibrosis was prominent in all MWCNT-treated mice, with a lower severity in the KO mice. No differences were observed in the incidences of neoplastic lesions of mesothelia between WT and KO mice. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that after gross disappearance of macrophages after MWCNT exposure, small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs) were exclusively refurbished by the CCR2-dependent route at day 1 (as Ly-6C+MHC class II- cells), followed by additional CCR2-independent routes (as Ly-6C-MHC class II- cells); i.e., the only route in KO mice; with a delay of 1-7 days. The SPMs derived from both routes appeared to differentiate into maturated cells as Ly-6C-MHC class II+, whose ratio increased in a time-dependent manner among the total SPM population. Additionally, most macrophages expressed M1-like features, but a small fraction of macrophages exhibited an M1/M2 mixed status in MWCNT-treated animals. Our findings demonstrate a long-persistent activation of the CCL2-CCR2 axis after MWCNT exposure and enable a better understanding of the participation and potential roles of SPMs in fibrous material-induced chronic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Kiyomi Ikushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Medical Sports, Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University
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Cutting-Edge CAR Engineering: Beyond T Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123035. [PMID: 36551788 PMCID: PMC9776293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T adoptive cell therapy is one of the most promising advanced therapies for the treatment of cancer, with unprecedented outcomes in haematological malignancies. However, it still lacks efficacy in solid tumours, possibly because engineered T cells become inactive within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). In the TME, cells of the myeloid lineage (M) are among the immunosuppressive cell types with the highest tumour infiltration rate. These cells interact with other immune cells, mediating immunosuppression and promoting angiogenesis. Recently, the development of CAR-M cell therapies has been put forward as a new candidate immunotherapy with good efficacy potential. This alternative CAR strategy may increase the efficacy, survival, persistence, and safety of CAR treatments in solid tumours. This remains a critical frontier in cancer research and opens up a new possibility for next-generation personalised medicine to overcome TME resistance. However, the exact mechanisms of action of CAR-M and their effect on the TME remain poorly understood. Here, we summarise the basic, translational, and clinical results of CAR-innate immune cells and CAR-M cell immunotherapies, from their engineering and mechanistic studies to preclinical and clinical development.
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20
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Niu Y, Yang W, Qian H, Sun Y. Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:341. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the liver is the most common site of metastasis. Tumor cell metastasis can be thought of as an invasion-metastasis cascade and metastatic organotropism is thought to be a process that relies on the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and their interactions with molecules and cells in the microenvironment. Many studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism and contributing factors involved in CRC liver metastasis for a better understanding of the organ-specific metastasis process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the theories that explain CRC liver metastasis at multiple molecular dimensions (including genetic and non-genetic factors), as well as the main factors that cause CRC liver metastasis. Many findings suggest that metastasis may occur earlier than expected and with specific organ-anchoring property. The emergence of potential metastatic clones, the timing of dissemination, and the distinct routes of metastasis have been explained by genomic studies. The main force of CRC liver metastasis is also thought to be epigenetic alterations and dynamic phenotypic traits. Furthermore, we review key extrinsic factors that influence CRC cell metastasis and liver tropisms, such as pre-niches, tumor stromal cells, adhesion molecules, and immune/inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers associated with early diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of liver metastasis from CRC are summarized to enlighten potential clinical practice, including some markers that can be used as therapeutic targets to provide new perspectives for the treatment strategies of CRC liver metastasis.
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21
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Yoshida T, Ohe C, Ito K, Takada H, Saito R, Kita Y, Sano T, Tsuta K, Kinoshita H, Kitamura H, Nishiyama H, Kobayashi T. Clinical and molecular correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade in urothelial carcinoma with liver metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2815-2828. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Liang C, Yang JB, Lin XY, Xie BL, Xu YX, Lin S, Xu TW. Recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of microRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911856. [PMID: 36313731 PMCID: PMC9607901 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer death; its incidence is still increasing in most countries. The early diagnostic accuracy of CRC is low, and the metastasis rate is high, resulting in a low survival rate of advanced patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a small class of noncoding RNAs that can inhibit mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation, and can affect a variety of cellular and molecular targets. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are related to tumour progression, immune system activity, anticancer drug resistance, and the tumour microenvironment. Dysregulation of miRNAs occurs in a variety of malignancies, including CRC. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of miRNAs, their roles in tumour progression and metastasis, and their clinical value as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CRC. Furthermore, we combined the roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development with the therapeutic strategies of CRC patients, which will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yang
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lin
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bi-Lan Xie
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xian Xu
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tian-Wen Xu, ; Shu Lin,
| | - Tian-Wen Xu
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Wen Xu, ; Shu Lin,
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23
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Yang J, Tan CL, Long D, Liang Y, Zhou L, Liu XB, Chen YH. Analysis of invasiveness and tumor-associated macrophages infiltration in solid pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5047-5057. [PMID: 36160642 PMCID: PMC9494934 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare pancreatic tumor. Considering its malignant behaviors, SPT has been classified as a low-grade malignant tumor. Indeed, only 9.2% of all SPT patients are initially diagnosed as malignant with invasion or metastasis. Thus, one of the challenges in managing SPT patients is predicting malignant behavior.
AIM To investigate the malignant behavior and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration between different histopathologic features of SPT patients.
METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 22 patients pathologically diagnosed with an SPT between 2009 and 2019 at West China Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Integrity of the capsule and growth pattern of the tumor cells was assessed microscopically in hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections. Based on the histopathological features, the SPT patients were divided into two groups: capsule or invasion. Clinical features, malignant behavior, and TAM infiltration were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS Among the 22 SPT patients, 11 were identified for each group, having either a capsule or invasion histopathologic feature. Malignant behavior was more frequent in the invasion group, including 2 patients who had peripheral organ invasion, 3 with liver metastasis, and 1 with both lymph node and spleen metastases (P= 0.045). Ki-67 index of more than 3% was also more frequent in the invasion group (P = 0.045). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the invasion group had a significant increase of CD68-positive TAMs in intratumor and peritumor sites in comparison with the capsule group (all P < 0.0001). Similarly, CD163-positive M2-like macrophages were also markedly increased in the intratumor and peritumor sites in the invasion group (all P < 0.0001). At the liver metastasis site, both intratumor and peritumor tissues showed relatively high-level CD68-positive TAMs and CD163-positive M2-like macrophages infiltration. However, the differences between the intratumor, peritumor and normal hepatic tissues did not reach statistical significance (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION SPT patients with invasion evident under microscope were more likely to exhibit malignant behavior and TAM infiltration, especially M2-like macrophages. This finding can help in future investigations of the underlying mechanism of TAM-mediated SPT malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chun-Lu Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu-Bao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Xiong K, Qi M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages and soluble mediators in pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000927. [PMID: 36131942 PMCID: PMC9483911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor, which is also a major cause of skin cancer-related mortality. It can spread from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple locations, including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone, and brain. What’s more metastatic melanoma is the main cause of its high mortality. Among all organs, the lung is one of the most common distant metastatic sites of melanoma, and the mortality rate of melanoma lung metastasis is also very high. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary metastasis of cutaneous melanoma will not only help to provide possible explanations for its etiology and progression but may also help to provide potential new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important regulatory role in the migration and metastasis of various malignant tumors. Tumor-targeted therapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is thus attracting attention, particularly for advanced tumors and metastatic tumors. However, the relevant role of tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous melanoma lung metastasis is still unclear. This review will present an overview of the origin, classification, polarization, recruitment, regulation and targeting treatment of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the soluble mediators involved in these processes and a summary of their possible role in lung metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review particularly aims to provide insight into mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets to readers, interested in pulmonary metastasis melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifen Xiong
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
| | - Shanze Chen
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
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25
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Wang Y, Johnson KCC, Gatti-Mays ME, Li Z. Emerging strategies in targeting tumor-resident myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:118. [PMID: 36031601 PMCID: PMC9420297 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable treatment responses which have revolutionized oncology. However, despite over 40% of cancer patients being eligible to receive immunotherapy, only 12% of patients gain benefit. A key to understanding what differentiates treatment response from non-response is better defining the role of the innate immune system in anti-tumor immunity and immune tolerance. Teleologically, myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, initiate a response to invading pathogens and tissue repair after pathogen clearance is successfully accomplished. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), these innate cells are hijacked by the tumor cells and are imprinted to furthering tumor propagation and dissemination. Major advancements have been made in the field, especially related to the heterogeneity of myeloid cells and their function in the TME at the single cell level, a topic that has been highlighted by several recent international meetings including the 2021 China Cancer Immunotherapy workshop in Beijing. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the mechanisms by which major myeloid cells in the TME facilitate immunosuppression, enable tumor growth, foster tumor plasticity, and confer therapeutic resistance. We discuss ongoing strategies targeting the myeloid compartment in the preclinical and clinical settings which include: (1) altering myeloid cell composition within the TME; (2) functional blockade of immune-suppressive myeloid cells; (3) reprogramming myeloid cells to acquire pro-inflammatory properties; (4) modulating myeloid cells via cytokines; (5) myeloid cell therapies; and (6) emerging targets such as Siglec-15, TREM2, MARCO, LILRB2, and CLEVER-1. There is a significant promise that myeloid cell-based immunotherapy will help advance immuno-oncology in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Margaret E Gatti-Mays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Zihai Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Human iNKT Cells Modulate Macrophage Survival and Phenotype. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071723. [PMID: 35885028 PMCID: PMC9313099 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells whose functions highly depend on the interactions they establish with other immune cells. Although extensive studies have been reported on the communication between iNKT cells and macrophages in mice, less data is available regarding the relevance of this crosstalk in humans. Here, we dove into the human macrophage-iNKT cell axis by exploring how iNKT cells impact the survival and polarization of pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like monocyte-derived macrophages. By performing in vitro iNKT cell-macrophage co-cultures followed by flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrated that antigen-stimulated iNKT cells induce a generalized activated state on all macrophage subsets, leading to upregulation of CD40 and CD86 expression. CD40L blocking with a specific monoclonal antibody prior to co-cultures abrogated CD40 and CD86 upregulation, thus indicating that iNKT cells required CD40-CD40L co-stimulation to trigger macrophage activation. In addition, activated iNKT cells were cytotoxic towards macrophages in a CD1d-dependent manner, killing M1-like macrophages more efficiently than their naïve M0 or anti-inflammatory M2-like counterparts. Hence, this work highlighted the role of human iNKT cells as modulators of macrophage survival and phenotype, untangling key features of the human macrophage-iNKT cell axis and opening perspectives for future therapeutic modulation.
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27
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Ruffolo LI, Jackson KM, Kuhlers PC, Dale BS, Figueroa Guilliani NM, Ullman NA, Burchard PR, Qin SS, Juviler PG, Keilson JM, Morrison AB, Georger M, Jewell R, Calvi LM, Nywening TM, O'Dell MR, Hezel AF, De Las Casas L, Lesinski GB, Yeh JJ, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Belt BA, Linehan DC. GM-CSF drives myelopoiesis, recruitment and polarisation of tumour-associated macrophages in cholangiocarcinoma and systemic blockade facilitates antitumour immunity. Gut 2022; 71:1386-1398. [PMID: 34413131 PMCID: PMC8857285 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is rising in incidence, and at present, there are limited effective systemic therapies. iCCA tumours are infiltrated by stromal cells, with high prevalence of suppressive myeloid populations including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, we show that tumour-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the host bone marrow is central for monopoiesis and potentiation of TAMs, and abrogation of this signalling axis facilitates antitumour immunity in a novel model of iCCA. METHODS Blood and tumours were analysed from iCCA patients and controls. Treatment and correlative studies were performed in mice with autochthonous and established orthotopic iCCA tumours treated with anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Systemic elevation in circulating myeloid cells correlates with poor prognosis in patients with iCCA, and patients who undergo resection have a worse overall survival if tumours are more infiltrated with CD68+ TAMs. Mice with spontaneous iCCA demonstrate significant elevation of monocytic myeloid cells in the tumour microenvironment and immune compartments, and tumours overexpress GM-CSF. Blockade of GM-CSF with a monoclonal antibody decreased tumour growth and spread. Mice bearing orthotopic tumours treated with anti-GM-CSF demonstrate repolarisation of immunosuppressive TAMs and MDSCs, facilitating T cell response and tumour regression. GM-CSF blockade dampened inflammatory gene networks in tumours and TAMs. Human tumours with decreased GM-CSF expression exhibit improved overall survival after resection. CONCLUSIONS iCCA uses the GM-CSF-bone marrow axis to establish an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Blockade of the GM-CSF axis promotes antitumour T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis I Ruffolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Katherine M Jackson
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peyton C Kuhlers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin S Dale
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Ullman
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paul R Burchard
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuyang S Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter G Juviler
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Millian Keilson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley B Morrison
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary Georger
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Jewell
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura M Calvi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Nywening
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael R O'Dell
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luis De Las Casas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Brian A Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David C Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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28
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Files DC, Tacke F, O’Sullivan A, Dorr P, Ferguson WG, Powderly WG. Rationale of using the dual chemokine receptor CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor cenicriviroc for the treatment of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010547. [PMID: 35749425 PMCID: PMC9231801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a global pandemic infecting over 230 million people and costing millions of lives. Therapies to attenuate severe disease are desperately needed. Cenicriviroc (CVC), a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist, an agent previously studied in advanced clinical trials for patients with HIV or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may have the potential to reduce respiratory and cardiovascular organ failures related to COVID-19. Inhibiting the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways could attenuate or prevent inflammation or fibrosis in both early and late stages of the disease and improve outcomes of COVID-19. Clinical trials using CVC either in addition to standard of care (SoC; e.g., dexamethasone) or in combination with other investigational agents in patients with COVID-19 are currently ongoing. These trials intend to leverage the anti-inflammatory actions of CVC for ameliorating the clinical course of COVID-19 and prevent complications. This article reviews the literature surrounding the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways, their proposed role in COVID-19, and the potential role of CVC to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark Files
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank Tacke
- Medical Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Dorr
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - William G. Powderly
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Simon Davis DA, Mun S, Smith JM, Hammill D, Garrett J, Gosling K, Price J, Elsaleh H, Syed FM, Atmosukarto II, Quah BJC. Machine learning predicts cancer subtypes and progression from blood immune signatures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264631. [PMID: 35226704 PMCID: PMC8884497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer management has highlighted the interconnection between carcinogenesis and the immune system. Immune cells are integral to the tumour microenvironment and can influence the outcome of therapies. Better understanding of an individual’s immune landscape may play an important role in treatment personalisation. Peripheral blood is a readily accessible source of information to study an individual’s immune landscape compared to more complex and invasive tumour bioipsies, and may hold immense diagnostic and prognostic potential. Identifying the critical components of these immune signatures in peripheral blood presents an attractive alternative to tumour biopsy-based immune phenotyping strategies. We used two syngeneic solid tumour models, a 4T1 breast cancer model and a CT26 colorectal cancer model, in a longitudinal study of the peripheral blood immune landscape. Our strategy combined two highly accessible approaches, blood leukocyte immune phenotyping and plasma soluble immune factor characterisation, to identify distinguishing immune signatures of the CT26 and 4T1 tumour models using machine learning. Myeloid cells, specifically neutrophils and PD-L1-expressing myeloid cells, were found to correlate with tumour size in both the models. Elevated levels of G-CSF, IL-6 and CXCL13, and B cell counts were associated with 4T1 growth, whereas CCL17, CXCL10, total myeloid cells, CCL2, IL-10, CXCL1, and Ly6Cintermediate monocytes were associated with CT26 tumour development. Peripheral blood appears to be an accessible means to interrogate tumour-dependent changes to the host immune landscape, and to identify blood immune phenotypes for future treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahngeun Mun
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Dillon Hammill
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jessica Garrett
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katharine Gosling
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason Price
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hany Elsaleh
- Radiation Oncology Department, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farhan M. Syed
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ines I. Atmosukarto
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. C. Quah
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Collins NB, Al Abosy R, Miller BC, Bi K, Zhao Q, Quigley M, Ishizuka JJ, Yates KB, Pope HW, Manguso RT, Shrestha Y, Wadsworth M, Hughes T, Shalek AK, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Doench JG, Haining WN. PI3K activation allows immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003402. [PMID: 35264433 PMCID: PMC8915320 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenes act in a cell-intrinsic way to promote tumorigenesis. Whether oncogenes also have a cell-extrinsic effect on suppressing the immune response to cancer is less well understood. METHODS We use an in vivo expression screen of known cancer-associated somatic mutations in mouse syngeneic tumor models treated with checkpoint blockade to identify oncogenes that promote immune evasion. We then validated candidates from this screen in vivo and analyzed the tumor immune microenvironment of tumors expressing mutant protein to identify mechanisms of immune evasion. RESULTS We found that expression of a catalytically active mutation in phospho-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A>G (H1047R) confers a selective growth advantage to tumors treated with immunotherapy that is reversed by pharmacological PI3K inhibition. PIK3CA H1047R-expression in tumors decreased the number of CD8+ T cells but increased the number of inhibitory myeloid cells following immunotherapy. Inhibition of myeloid infiltration by pharmacological or genetic modulation of Ccl2 in PIK3CA H1047R tumors restored sensitivity to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSIONS PI3K activation enables tumor immune evasion by promoting an inhibitory myeloid microenvironment. Activating mutations in PI3K may be useful as a biomarker of poor response to immunotherapy. Our data suggest that some oncogenes promote tumorigenesis by enabling tumor cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Identification of those mechanisms can advance rational combination strategies to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Collins
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Al Abosy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Oncology Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Quigley
- Research Biology, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Ishizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale Cancer Center and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans W Pope
- Arsenal Biosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert T Manguso
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhou H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wen X, Amador EH, Yuan L, Ran X, Xiong L, Ran Y, Chen W, Wen Y. Colorectal liver metastasis: molecular mechanism and interventional therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:70. [PMID: 35246503 PMCID: PMC8897452 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancy tumors with a high morbidity additionally, CRC patients may develop liver metastasis, which is the major cause of death. Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the survival rate of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients remains very low. CRLM, as a complex cascade reaction process involving multiple factors and procedures, has complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment of CRLM. We also focus on an overview of the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CRLM with a special emphasis on tumor microenvironment and promise of newer targeted therapies for CRLM, further improving the prognosis of CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhongtao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Eric H Amador
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liqin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA. .,Medical Technology Research Centre, Chelmsford Campus, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK.
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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32
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Deng H, Li J, Ali Shah A, Lin G, Chen H, Ouyang W. Commonly expressed key transcriptomic profiles of sepsis in the human circulation and brain via integrated analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108518. [PMID: 35032827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units and is characterized by multiple organ failure, including dysfuction of the immune system and brain. This study aims to determine the differential effect of sepsis on specific circulating immune cell subsets compared with brain transcriptome and identify the genes co-expressed by them, so as to identify key genes and regulatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced brain injury and identify novel therapeutic targets. METHODS The GSE133822 and GSE135838 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and utilized for bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment analysis was used to identify commonly expressed genes that were differentially expressed between sepsis patients and non-sepsis patients with critical illness; protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were also generated. Then, key transcriptomic biomarkers were further validated in an external dataset from the GEO. We also investigated the expression of key mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and an in-vitro model stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was generated in brain cell lines. RESULTS The transcriptomic profiles of brain tissue were relatively similar as those of specific immune cells. In addition, our validation showed that these key genes were up regulated both in PBMCs in sepsis patients and LPS-treated brain cells. CONCLUSION Brain injury in sepsis was correlated with circulating immune responses, and the expression of DEFA3, MMP8, MMP9 and LCN2 might be potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic target in septic brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine & Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, PR China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen J, Wu J. HMGA2 facilitates colorectal cancer progression via STAT3-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment. Theranostics 2022; 12:963-975. [PMID: 34976223 PMCID: PMC8692921 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), generally displaying the pro-tumor M2-like phenotype, strongly influence the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) via their immunosuppressive activities. The high-mobility gene group A2 (HMGA2), an oncoprotein, is aberrantly overexpressed in CRC cells. However, the mechanisms by which tumor-derived HMGA2 modulates tumor microenvironment in CRC remain poorly understood. Methods:In vivo subcutaneous tumor xenograft model, azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumor mouse model and in vitro co-culture assays were used to investigate the Hmga2 role in TAM recruitment and polarization. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were applied to examine the mechanism of HMGA2-mediated transcriptional regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The CD68 correlation with patient outcome was analyzed in 167 human CRC tissues. Results: We found that HMGA2 in cancer cells promoted macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in vitro and in vivo. HMGA2 directly bound to the STAT3 promoter to activate its transcription and subsequently induced CCL2 secretion, thus promoting macrophage recruitment. Our results from human CRC specimens also revealed a strong positive association between HMGA2 expression in tumor cells and CD68 expression in the stroma. We further showed that patients with an elevated CD68 expression had an unfavorable overall survival in all of the patients or in the subgroup with negative distant metastasis. Conclusion: Our work uncovers new insight into the link between the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis and macrophage recruitment in CRC. These findings provide a novel therapeutic option for targeting the HMGA2/STAT3/CCL2 axis in CRC.
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Tapmeier TT, Howell JH, Zhao L, Papiez BW, Schnabel JA, Muschel RJ, Gal A. Evolving polarisation of infiltrating and alveolar macrophages in the lung during metastatic progression of melanoma suggests CCR1 as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2022; 41:5032-5045. [PMID: 36241867 PMCID: PMC9652148 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic tumour progression is facilitated by tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) that enforce pro-tumour mechanisms and suppress immunity. In pulmonary metastases, it is unclear whether TAMs comprise tissue resident or infiltrating, recruited macrophages; and the different expression patterns of these TAMs are not well established. Using the mouse melanoma B16F10 model of experimental pulmonary metastasis, we show that infiltrating macrophages (IM) change their gene expression from an early pro-inflammatory to a later tumour promoting profile as the lesions grow. In contrast, resident alveolar macrophages (AM) maintain expression of crucial pro-inflammatory/anti-tumour genes with time. During metastatic growth, the pool of macrophages, which initially contains mainly alveolar macrophages, increasingly consists of infiltrating macrophages potentially facilitating metastasis progression. Blocking chemokine receptor mediated macrophage infiltration in the lung revealed a prominent role for CCR2 in Ly6C+ pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment during metastasis progression, while inhibition of CCR2 signalling led to increased metastatic colony burden. CCR1 blockade, in contrast, suppressed late phase pro-tumour MR+Ly6C- monocyte/macrophage infiltration accompanied by expansion of the alveolar macrophage compartment and accumulation of NK cells, leading to reduced metastatic burden. These data indicate that IM has greater plasticity and higher phenotypic responsiveness to tumour challenge than AM. A considerable difference is also confirmed between CCR1 and CCR2 with regard to the recruited IM subsets, with CCR1 presenting a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary metastasis from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T. Tapmeier
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Jake H. Howell
- grid.12477.370000000121073784School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ UK
| | - Lei Zhao
- grid.440144.10000 0004 1803 8437Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Bartlomiej W. Papiez
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Julia A. Schnabel
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764School of Biomedical Imaging and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EU UK ,grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Helmholtz Center Munich – German Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Faculty of Informatics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Annamaria Gal
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK ,grid.12477.370000000121073784School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ UK
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Bilotta MT, Antignani A, Fitzgerald DJ. Managing the TME to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954992. [PMID: 36341428 PMCID: PMC9630343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor growth, metastatic spread and response to treatment. Often immunosuppression, mediated by the TME, impairs a beneficial response. The complexity of the tumor composition challenges our abilities to design new and more effective therapies. Going forward we will need to 'manage' the content and or functionality of the TME to improve treatment outcomes. Currently, several different kinds of treatments are available to patients with cancer: there are the traditional approaches of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; there are targeted agents that inhibit kinases associated with oncogenic pathways; there are monoclonal antibodies that target surface antigens often delivering toxic payloads or cells and finally there are antibodies and biologics that seek to overcome the immunosuppression caused by elements within the TME. How each of these therapies interact with the TME is currently under intense and widespread investigation. In this review we describe how the TME and its immunosuppressive components can influence both tumor progression and response to treatment focusing on three particular tumor types, classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). And, finally, we offer five approaches to manipulate or manage the TME to improve outcomes for cancer patients.
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Cherney RJ, Anjanappa P, Selvakumar K, Batt DG, Brown GD, Rose AV, Vuppugalla R, Chen J, Pang J, Xu S, Yarde M, Tebben AJ, Paidi VR, Cvijic ME, Mathur A, Barrish JC, Mandlekar S, Zhao Q, Carter PH. BMS-813160: A Potent CCR2 and CCR5 Dual Antagonist Selected as a Clinical Candidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1753-1758. [PMID: 34795864 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BMS-813160 (compound 3) was identified as a potent and selective CCR2/5 dual antagonist. Compound 3 displayed good permeability at pH = 7.4 in PAMPA experiments and demonstrated excellent human liver microsome stability. Pharmacokinetic studies established that 3 had excellent oral bioavailability and exhibited low clearance in dog and cyno. Compound 3 was also studied in the mouse thioglycollate-induced peritonitis model, which confirmed its ability to inhibit the migration of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages. As a result of this profile, compound 3 was selected as a clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Cherney
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Prakash Anjanappa
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Kumaravel Selvakumar
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Douglas G. Batt
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Gregory D. Brown
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Anne V. Rose
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Ragini Vuppugalla
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jian Pang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Songmei Xu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Melissa Yarde
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Andrew J. Tebben
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Venkatram Reddy Paidi
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Sandhya Mandlekar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Research and Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant leukocyte population in most solid tumors and are greatly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, these macrophages can promote tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with other cell populations within the tumor milieu and have been associated with poor outcomes in multiple tumors. In this review, we examine how the tumor microenvironment facilitates the polarization of TAMs. Additionally, we evaluate the mechanisms by which TAMs promote tumor angiogenesis, induce tumor invasion and metastasis, enhance chemotherapeutic resistance, and foster immune evasion. Lastly, we focus on therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in the treatments of cancer, including reducing monocyte recruitment, depleting or reprogramming TAMs, and targeting inhibitory molecules to increase TAM-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Petty
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaopei Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215318. [PMID: 34771482 PMCID: PMC8582510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant leukocyte population in most solid tumors and are greatly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, these macrophages can promote tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with other cell populations within the tumor milieu and have been associated with poor outcomes in multiple tumors. In this review, we examine how the tumor microenvironment facilitates the polarization of TAMs. Additionally, we evaluate the mechanisms by which TAMs promote tumor angiogenesis, induce tumor invasion and metastasis, enhance chemotherapeutic resistance, and foster immune evasion. Lastly, we focus on therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in the treatments of cancer, including reducing monocyte recruitment, depleting or reprogramming TAMs, and targeting inhibitory molecules to increase TAM-mediated phagocytosis.
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Korbecki J, Simińska D, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Listos J, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910701. [PMID: 34639040 PMCID: PMC8509318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which induce changes in gene expression. This paper discusses in detail the mechanisms of activation of these two transcription factors in chronic and cycling hypoxia and the crosstalk between both signaling pathways. In particular, it focuses on the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) together with nitric oxide synthase, acetylation of HIF-1, and the action of MAPK cascades. The paper also discusses the importance of hypoxia in the formation of chronic low-grade inflammation in cancerous tumors. Finally, we discuss the effects of cycling hypoxia on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on the expression of VEGF-A, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL8/IL-8, and COX-2 together with PGE2. These factors induce angiogenesis and recruit various cells into the tumor niche, including neutrophils and monocytes which, in the tumor, are transformed into tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that participate in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(91)-466-1515
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Marin ND, Krasnick BA, Becker-Hapak M, Conant L, Goedegebuure SP, Berrien-Elliott MM, Robbins KJ, Foltz JA, Foster M, Wong P, Cubitt CC, Tran J, Wetzel CB, Jacobs M, Zhou AY, Russler-Germain D, Marsala L, Schappe T, Fields RC, Fehniger TA. Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4859-4869. [PMID: 34187852 PMCID: PMC8416927 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of advanced melanoma is a clinical challenge. Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising cellular therapy for T cell-refractory cancers, but are frequently deficient or dysfunctional in patients with melanoma. Thus, new strategies are needed to enhance NK-cell antitumor responses. Cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) differentiation overcomes many barriers in the NK-cell therapeutics field, resulting in potent cytotoxicity and enhanced cytokine production against blood cancer targets. However, the preclinical activity of ML NK against solid tumors remains largely undefined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Phenotypic and functional alterations of blood and advanced melanoma infiltrating NK cells were evaluated using mass cytometry. ML NK cells from healthy donors (HD) and patients with advanced melanoma were evaluated for their ability to produce IFNγ and kill melanoma targets in vitro and in vivo using a xenograft model. RESULTS NK cells in advanced melanoma exhibited a decreased cytotoxic potential compared with blood NK cells. ML NK cells differentiated from HD and patients with advanced melanoma displayed enhanced IFNγ production and cytotoxicity against melanoma targets. This included ML differentiation enhancing melanoma patients' NK-cell responses against autologous targets. The ML NK-cell response against melanoma was partially dependent on the NKG2D- and NKp46-activating receptors. Furthermore, in xenograft NSG mouse models, human ML NK cells demonstrated superior control of melanoma, compared with conventional NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Blood NK cells from allogeneic HD or patients with advanced melanoma can be differentiated into ML NK cells for use as a novel immunotherapeutic treatment for advanced melanoma, which warrants testing in early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Marin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bradley A. Krasnick
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Leah Conant
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Simon P. Goedegebuure
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Keenan J. Robbins
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Foster
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pamela Wong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Celia C. Cubitt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher B. Wetzel
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Miriam Jacobs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alice Y. Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Russler-Germain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Authors: Todd A. Fehniger, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-1385; E-mail: ; and Ryan C. Fields, Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-286-1694; E-mail:
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Authors: Todd A. Fehniger, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-1385; E-mail: ; and Ryan C. Fields, Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-286-1694; E-mail:
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Xu M, Wang Y, Xia R, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13115. [PMID: 34464477 PMCID: PMC8488570 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation through a variety of mechanisms. By interacting with CCR2, CCL2 promotes cancer cell migration and recruits immunosuppressive cells to the tumour microenvironment, favouring cancer development. Over the last several decades, a series of studies have been conducted to explore the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis function in malignancies. Therapeutic strategies targeting the CCL2- CCR2 axis have also shown promising effects, enriching our approaches for fighting against cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in tumorigenesis and highlight recent studies on CCL2-CCR2 targeted therapy, focusing on preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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43
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Umwali Y, Yue CB, Gabriel ANA, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Roles of exosomes in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4467-4479. [PMID: 34222415 PMCID: PMC8223826 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. They contain different molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipid, and protein, playing essential roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes derived from CRC are implicated in tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Besides, they can enhance CRC progression by increasing tumor cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis mechanistically through altering particular essential regulatory genes, or controlling several signaling pathways. Therefore, exosomes derived from CRC are essential biomarkers and can be used in the diagnosis. Indeed, it is crucial to understand the role of exosomes in CRC, which is necessary to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for early detection and treatment. In the present review, we discuss the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Umwali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong-Bo Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Fan J, Li J, Han J, Zhang Y, Gu A, Song F, Duan J, Yin D, Wang L, Yi Y. Expression of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B expression on immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:82-97. [PMID: 34098344 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) is a group of inhibitory receptors involved in innate immune mainly expressed on lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells. LILRB is proposed to serve as immune checkpoint like PD-1 and CTLA-4 for tumor treatment. We recently reported that the expression of LILRB2 in CD1c+ mDC from tumor tissue might suppress immune for HCC patients. However, the expression of all the LILRB family on other immune cells in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of HCC patients has not been systematically studied. METHODS The expression of LILRB family (LILRB1, LILRB2, LILRB3, LILRB4 and LILRB5) on immune cells, including granulocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, monocyte subsets, TAMs, B cells, γδ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and MDSC subsets, was analyzed by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 20 HCC patients and 20 healthy donors as well as in the tumor and tumor free tissues of 10 HCC patients. RESULTS LILRB1, LILRB2 and LILRB3 in granulocytes from peripheral blood were expressed increased in HCC patients compared with healthy donors. The expression of LILRB5 in NK cells and NKT cells from HCC blood were higher compared with healthy donors` blood. CD14+CD16+ monocyte subsets in blood of HCC patients expressed increased LILRB1 and LILRB4 than that in healthy donors. CD14+CD16- monocyte subsets in blood of HCC patients expressed increased LILRB3 than that in healthy donors. Compared to corresponding TFL, LILRB3, LILRB4 and LILRB5 were expressed enhanced in TAMs from HCC tumors. LILRB1 expressed on the B cells both in the blood and tumor had significantly increased compared with healthy donors or corresponding TFL. Different from peripheral blood, in the HCC microenvironment, CD4+ T cells expressed lower LILRB2, LILRB3 and LILRB4 than that from TFL and CD8+ T cells expressed decreased LILRB2. And γδ T cells expressed LILRB1 in HCC blood and microenvironment. Surprisingly, the percentage of LILRB1 expressed on MDSC from HCC peripheral blood and tumors was lower than that from healthy donors and corresponding TFL. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systemically examination of the LILRB family expression on a variety of immune cells from both peripheral blood and microenvironment in HCC patients. The specific increasing expression of LILRB on immune cells may regulate innate and adaptive immune and impact on HCC progression. Our findings justify further investigation of LILRB function in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Jianbo Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Aidong Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Fangnan Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Jie Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China
| | - Lili Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhong Fu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, PR China.
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Sharma N, Atolagbe OT, Ge Z, Allison JP. LILRB4 suppresses immunity in solid tumors and is a potential target for immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212088. [PMID: 33974041 PMCID: PMC8117208 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune receptors expressed on TAMs are intriguing targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we found inhibitory receptor LILRB4 on a variety of intratumoral immune cell types in murine tumor models and human cancers, most prominently on TAMs. LILRB4, known as gp49B in mice, is a LILRB family receptor. Human and murine LILRB4 have two extracellular domains but differ in the number of intracellular ITIMs (three versus two). We observed a high correlation in LILRB4 expression with other immune inhibitory receptors. After tumor challenge, LILRB4−/− mice and mice treated with anti-LILRB4 antibody showed reduced tumor burden and increased survival. LILRB4−/− genotype or LILRB4 blockade increased tumor immune infiltrates and the effector (Teff) to regulatory (Treg) T cell ratio and modulated phenotypes of TAMs toward less suppressive, CD4+ T cells to Th1 effector, and CD8+ T cells to less exhausted. These findings reveal that LILRB4 strongly suppresses tumor immunity in TME and that alleviating that suppression provides antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Abstract
Liver metastases are commonly detected in a range of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer and breast cancer, although CRC is the most common primary cancer that metastasizes to the liver. Interactions between tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment play an important part in the engraftment, survival and progression of the metastases. Various cells including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, parenchymal hepatocytes, dendritic cells, resident natural killer cells as well as other immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in promoting and sustaining metastases in the liver. Four key phases (microvascular, pre-angiogenic, angiogenic and growth phases) have been identified in the process of liver metastasis. Imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, CT, MRI and PET scans are typically used for the diagnosis of liver metastases. Surgical resection remains the main potentially curative treatment among patients with resectable liver metastases. The role of liver transplantation in the management of liver metastasis remains controversial. Systemic therapies, newer biologic agents (for example, bevacizumab and cetuximab) and immunotherapeutic agents have revolutionized the treatment options for liver metastases. Moving forward, incorporation of genetic tests can provide more accurate information to guide clinical decision-making and predict prognosis among patients with liver metastases.
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Yang L, Li T, Shi H, Zhou Z, Huang Z, Lei X. The cellular and molecular components involved in pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:389-399. [PMID: 33174441 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1848543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liver metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Premetastatic niche (PMN), a favorable microenvironment for cancer cells colonization at the distant organ, plays a pivotal role in CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM). Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the formation of liver PMN in CRC has been significantly advanced in recent years, there are still many challenges and questions that remain.Areas covered: This review covers cellular and molecular components, and the interaction of theprimary cancer with the resident microenvironment of the distant organ that leads to PMN formation in CRCLM based on the latest literature.Expert Opinion: Various cellular and molecular events are involved in the liver PMN formation in CRC such as bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, extracellular matrix, and CRC-derived factors. The formation of the liver PMN depends on a complex interaction of CRC with the liver microenvironment including BMDCs recruitment, vascularization, immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This review firstly discusses on the cellular and molecular components contributing to the formation of the liver PMN in CRC, so as to provide new ideas for designing effective therapeutic strategies and prognostic markers for CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Gastrointestinal Surgical Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Gastrointestinal Surgical Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Conversion of AML-blasts to leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) in 'DC-culture-media' shifts correlations of released chemokines with antileukemic T-cell reactions. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152088. [PMID: 33838552 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and T-cells are mediators of CTL-responses. Autologous (from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS)) or allogeneic (donor)-T-cells stimulated by DCleu, gain an efficient lysis of naive blasts, although not in every case. CXCL8, -9, -10, CCL2, -5 and Interleukin (IL-12) were quantified by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) in supernatants from 5 DC-generating methods and correlated with AML-/MDS-patients' serum-values, DC-/T-cell-interactions/antileukemic T-cell-reactions after mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and patients' clinical course. The blast-lytic activity of T-cells stimulated with DC or mononuclear cells (MNC) was quantified in a cytotoxicity assay. Despite great variations of chemokine-levels, correlations with post-stimulation (after stimulating T-cells with DC in MLC) improved antileukemic T-cell activity were seen: higher released chemokine-values correlated with improved T-cells' antileukemic activity (compared to stimulation with blast-containing MNC) - whereas with respect to the corresponding serum values higher CXCL8-, -9-, and -10- but lower CCL5- and -2-release correlated with improved antileukemic activity of DC-stimulated (vs. blast-stimulated) T-cells. In DC-culture supernatants higher chemokine-values correlated with post-stimulation improved antileukemic T-cell reactivity, whereas higher serum-values of CXCL8, -9, and -10 but lower serum-values of CCL5 and -2 correlated with post-stimulation improved antileukemic T-cell-reactivity. In a context of 'DC'-stimulation (vs serum) this might point to a change of (CCL5 and -2-associated) functionality from a more 'inflammatory' or 'tumor-promoting' to a more 'antitumor'-reactive functionality. This knowledge could contribute to develop immune-modifying strategies that promote antileukemic (adaptive) immune-responses.
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Tumor Microenvironment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Arbitrator in Patients' Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051130. [PMID: 33800796 PMCID: PMC7961499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer accounts for approximately 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers worldwide being liver metastasis, the most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. The interplay between tumor and stromal cells in the primary tumor microenvironment and at distant metastases are rising in importance as potential mechanisms of the tumor progression. In this review we discuss the new biomarkers derived from tumor microenvironment and liquid biopsy as emerging prognostic and treatments response markers for metastatic colorectal cancer. We also review the developing new clinical strategies based on tumor microenvironmental cells to tackle metastatic disease in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in western countries. Its mortality rate varies greatly, depending on the stage of the disease. The main cause of CRC mortality is metastasis, which most commonly affects the liver. The role of tumor microenvironment in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis development has been widely studied. In this review we summarize the role of the tumor microenvironment in the liver pre-metastatic niche formation, paying attention to the distant cellular crosstalk mediated by exosomes. Moreover, and based on the prognostic and predictive capacity of alterations in the stromal compartment of tumors, we describe the role of tumor microenvironment cells and related liquid biopsy biomarkers in the delivery of precise medication for metastatic CRC. Finally, we evaluate the different clinical strategies to prevent and treat liver metastatic disease, based on the targeting of the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, targeting angiogenesis pathways and regulating immune response are two important research pipelines that are being widely developed and promise great benefits.
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50
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Yoon PS, Del Piccolo N, Shirure VS, Peng Y, Kirane A, Canter RJ, Fields RC, George SC, Gholami S. Advances in Modeling the Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614300. [PMID: 33643296 PMCID: PMC7902698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells into CRC tumors and liver metastases accurately predicts disease progression and patient survival. Despite the evident influence of immune cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), efforts to identify immunotherapies for CRC patients have been limited. Here, we argue that preclinical model systems that recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment-including tumor, stromal, and immune cells; the extracellular matrix; and the vasculature-are crucial for studies of immunity in the CRC TME and the utility of immunotherapies for CRC patients. We briefly review the discoveries, advantages, and disadvantages of current in vitro and in vivo model systems, including 2D cell culture models, 3D culture systems, murine models, and organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sukwoo Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yushuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Kirane
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sepideh Gholami
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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