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Wong LP, Lee HY, Alias H, Zimet G, Liu T, Lin Y, Hu Z. Cost-based COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: A post-pandemic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2313860. [PMID: 38359815 PMCID: PMC10877984 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2313860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers who are confronted with the evolving landscape of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), considering both free and cost-based vaccination approaches. The potential consequences of shifting from free to cost-based vaccination are explored, encompassing its impact on global vaccine equity and prioritization, economic well-being, healthcare systems and delivery, public health policies, and vaccine distribution strategies. Examining past studies on willingness to pay for the initial COVID-19 vaccine dose and booster shots provides insights into how individuals value COVID-19 vaccinations and underscores the significance of addressing issues related to affordability. If COVID-19 vaccinations incur expenses, using effective communication strategies that emphasize the importance of vaccination and personal health benefits can increase willingness to pay. Making COVID-19 vaccines accessible through public health programs or health insurance can help alleviate financial barriers and increase vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hai Yen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gregory Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Moradi N, Zarei L, Hajimoladarvish N, Meshkani Z, Zanganeh M, Babapour J, Lankarani KB. Public Preference for Financing Preventive Vaccines in Health Shocks: The Case of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Middle-Income Country. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2024:10.1007/s41669-024-00494-7. [PMID: 38761343 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-024-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To effectively manage health crises such as disease pandemics, health authorities require reliable information regarding people's preferences. This helps to ensure timely and targeted interventions and avoids increasing societal costs through developing evidence-based policies. This study investigates the Iranian people's preference for financing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the factors affecting this. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed during the third-wave peak of COVID-19 in Iran from 1 to 20 February 2021 utilizing various data collection methods. The public preference regarding imported and domestically produced vaccines, their willingness to fully or partially contribute to the financing of these vaccines, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for domestically produced vaccines using the contingent valuation method was assessed in different scenarios. The determinants of the probability of positive financing preferences were evaluated using an ordered probit regression model. RESULTS Among the 2071 survey respondents, approximately 60% stated willingness to contribute to vaccine financing in the form of partial or full user fee payments. Forty percent of respondents are willing to be vaccinated if it is provided for free by the government. Interestingly, people's preference for financing the vaccine was not related to the type of vaccine. The regression analysis showed that income, having supplementary insurance, being male, perceived COVID-19 risk, education, and working in the health sector are significantly related to a higher probability of contribution to vaccine financing. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of country of origin of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination is very important for the Iranian people, and the majority of respondents in our study showed an inclination to contribute to vaccine funding, from partial to full user fees, to achieve higher protection against COVID-19 disease. Hence, ensuring timely access to vaccines during health crises such as pandemics is imperative, as it saves lives and reduces the economic burden of disease. This commitment from the health system can be supported by financial contributions from the general public. In this regard, considering public preferences is strongly advised to policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moradi
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, No. 2, 8th floor, Zand St., PO Box 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Meshkani
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zanganeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Jafar Babapour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, No. 2, 8th floor, Zand St., PO Box 71348-45794, Shiraz, Iran
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Beretzky Z, Brodszky V. Sociodemographic determinants of vaccination and willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccines in Hungary, results of a cross-sectional online questionnaire. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1320. [PMID: 38755599 PMCID: PMC11097570 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several different coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines were authorized and distributed all over the world, including Hungary, but vaccination rates and acceptance of the different vaccines varied through 2021 and subsequent years. In Hungary Western vaccines and the Chinese and Russian vaccines were available in early 2021. Understanding preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could provide information for policy decision making to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the socio-demographic factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccination and to analyse individual preferences for the available COVID-19 vaccines in Hungary. METHODS A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted between 25-05-2021 and 08-06-2021 exploring the vaccine acceptance and WTP for vaccination in the Hungarian general population. To assess the preferences towards the different vaccines available in Hungary at the time of the study, we used a multi-step WTP task. RESULTS Altogether 2,000 respondents filled out our survey, with the average age of 49.1 (SD = 15.3), out of whom 370 respondents (18.5%) stated that they already had a COVID-19 infection. Age above 65 years, male gender, higher level of education, higher income and residence in the capital or county seats were associated with a higher probability of vaccination. The average WTP ranged from 14.2 to 30.3 EUR for the different vaccine types. CONCLUSIONS Males, respondents with higher education and income stated a higher WTP value for all vaccines. Better socioeconomic status increased both vaccination coverage and willingness to pay for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Beretzky
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám Tér 8, 1093, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám Tér 8, 1093, Budapest, Hungary
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Ankara HG, Degerli H, Degerli H. Freebie Seekers or Desperate Buyers? An Analysis of Willingness to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in Türkiye. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:276-283. [PMID: 38436269 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2323140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the level of price that individuals living in Türkiye are willing to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the study also aims to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting that level of WTP. The data is collected via a virtually applied questionnaire. Probit estimations are employed to determine the level of price that is willing to be paid. Further, the socioeconomic factors affecting the revealed WTP level are identified with an ordered-probit estimation strategy. The average price level that the participants are willing to pay for two doses of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine which immunes for 12 months is ₺316.93 ($42.66). Higher education groups, public employees, married people, and urban individuals are more likely to pay at higher price levels of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. Interestingly, the individuals living with a pregnant woman or a baby, the ones who experienced severe COVID-19 disease and the ones who already decided to be vaccinated are more likely to pay at relatively low-price levels. This study may contribute to broader literature as it will provide evidence from Türkiye for international comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Giray Ankara
- Department of Health Management, The University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Degerli
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Türkiye
| | - Havvana Degerli
- Department of Health Management, The University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Yamamura E, Tsutsui Y, Ohtake F. Surname order and revaccination intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4750. [PMID: 38413772 PMCID: PMC10899220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Teachers in Japanese schools employ alphabetical surname lists that call students sooner, with surnames appearing early on these lists. We conducted Internet surveys nearly every month from March 2020 to September 2022 with the same participants, wherein we asked participants where the alphabetical columns of their childhood and adult surnames were located. We aimed to identify how surname order is important for the formation of noncognitive skills. During the data collection period, the COVID-19 vaccines became available; Japanese people could receive their third dose starting in December 2021. The 19th wave of the survey was conducted in January 2022. Therefore, to examine how a surname's alphabetical order could influence intention to revaccinate, we used a subsample of data from December 2021 to September 2022. The major findings were as follows. Women with early surnames had an approximately 4% stronger likelihood of having such intentions than men with early surnames. Early name order was more strongly correlated with revaccination intention among women than among men. The surname effect for women was larger when a mixed-gender list was used compared with when it was not used. This effect was only observed for childhood surnames and not for adult surnames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamamura
- Department of Economics, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Tsutsui
- Faculty of Social Relations, Kyoto Bunkyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Ohtake
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Derseh MT, Ambaye AS, Yayehrad AT, Abebe A, Wobie Y, Assefa E. Willingness to Embrace COVID-19 Vaccination Amongst Residents in a Low-Income Nation: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study on a Limited Cohort. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241237697. [PMID: 38469854 PMCID: PMC10935754 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241237697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic had a significant impact on countries around the world, both politically and socioeconomically. It is crucial that swift decisions and actions need to be taken to prevent negative outcomes. The development of vaccines has emerged as a potential necessity for countries worldwide. Ethiopia began vaccinating health professionals and high-risk individuals in March 2021, according to a report from the World Health Organization citing the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. This study aimed to assess the determinants of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Debre Markos city administration residents. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to recruit 845 individuals as a sample. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used as statistical analysis techniques. Among the total 845 samples, the overall response rate was 98.34%. Two hundred forty-two participants showed their willingness to receive vaccines. Age (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = [1.87-3.23]), sex (Female) (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI = [2.07-5.26]), having children (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = [1.02-1.90]), and Chronic Disease (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = [1.67-3.50]) were significantly and positively associated with willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccines at 95% CI. Although most of the participants were aware of the possibility of COVID-19 to cause fever; and its transmission, only a small percentage of the total participants showed their willingness to receive the vaccine if it was available to them. Elderly and individuals with chronic diseases need to get a priority of taking those vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaye Tamrie Derseh
- Departement of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abyou Seyfu Ambaye
- Departement of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abinet Abebe
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Wobie
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Assefa
- Depatment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Huang CL, Chen JY, Lin XQ, Deng JS, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine in Taiwan, China: A cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2168936. [PMID: 36683206 PMCID: PMC9980450 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2168936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most COVID-19 studies aim to assess factors influencing willingness to pay for vaccines between the public and medical staff. However, few studies focus on parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. The current study aimed to assess parents' willingness to pay for their children's vaccination against COVID-19 and its influencing factors. This population-based cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire. The inclusion criterion was parents with at least one child younger than 18 years. The final analysis included 384 valid data points. A total of 89.1% of the parents indicated that they are willing to pay for their children's vaccination against COVID-19. Among them, both fathers' and mothers' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine was 89.6%. The mean and median willingness to pay were% would pay for their children. Excluding other confounding factors, willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and hesitation to vaccinate their children were significantly associated with parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. We found that 89.1% of the parents in Taiwan would pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. Parents' willingness to pay for themselves and hesitation to vaccinate their children were associated with willingness to pay. Reducing hesitation about vaccines and developing policies for vaccine payment may have a positive impact on willingness to pay for vaccines and promoting COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yuan Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, Taiwan
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Biswas MR, Shah Z. Extracting factors associated with vaccination from Twitter data and mapping to behavioral models. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2281729. [PMID: 38013461 PMCID: PMC10760324 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2281729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media platform, particularly Twitter, is a rich data source that allows monitoring of public opinions and attitudes toward vaccines.Established behavioral models like the 5C psychological antecedents model and the Health Belief Model (HBM) provide a well-structured framework for analyzing shifts in vaccine-related behavior. This study examines if the extracted data from Twitter contains valuable insights regarding public attitudes toward vaccines and can be mapped to two behavioral models. This study focuses on the Arab population, and a search was carried out on Twitter using: ' تلقيحي OR تطعيم OR تطعيمات OR لقاح OR لقاحات' for two years from January 2020 to January 2022. Then, BERTopicmodeling was applied, and several topics were extracted. Finally, the topics were manually mapped to the factors of the 5C model and HBM. 1,068,466 unique users posted 3,368,258 vaccine-related tweets in Arabic. Topic modeling generated 25 topics, which were mapped to the 15 factors of the 5C model and HBM. Among the users, 32.87%were male, and 18.06% were female. A significant 55.77% of the users were from the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. Twitter users were more inclined to accept vaccines when they trusted vaccine safety and effectiveness, but vaccine hesitancy increased due to conspiracy theories and misinformation. The association of topics with these theoretical frameworks reveals the availability and diversity of Twitter data that can predict behavioral change toward vaccines. It allows the preparation of timely and effective interventions for vaccination programs compared to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rafiul Biswas
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zubair Shah
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Neumann-Böhme S, Sabat I, Brinkmann C, Attema AE, Stargardt T, Schreyögg J, Brouwer W. Jumping the Queue:Willingness to Pay for Faster Access to COVID-19 Vaccines in Seven European Countries. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023; 41:1389-1402. [PMID: 37344725 PMCID: PMC10492869 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the initial shortage of vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries set up priority lists, implying that large parts of the population had to wait. We therefore elicited the willingness to pay (WTP) for access to two hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Respondents were asked how much they would be willing to pay to get an immediate COVID-19 vaccination rather than waiting for one through the public system. We report data collected in January/February 2021 from the European COVID Survey (ECOS) comprising representative samples of the population in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the UK (N = 7068). RESULTS In total, 73% (68.5%) of respondents were willing to pay for immediate access to a 100% (60%) effective vaccine, ranging from 66.4% (59.4%) in the Netherlands to 83.3% (81.1%) in Portugal. We found a mean WTP of 54.36 euros (median 37 euros) for immediate access to the 100% effective COVID-19 vaccine and 43.83 euros (median 31 euros) for the 60% effective vaccine. The vaccines' effectiveness, respondents' age, country of residence, income, health state and well-being were significant determinants of WTP. Willingness to be vaccinated (WTV) was also strongly associated with WTP, with lower WTV being associated with lower WTP. A higher perceived risk of infection, higher health risk, more trust in the safety of vaccines, and higher expected waiting time for the free vaccination were all associated with a higher WTP. CONCLUSION We find that most respondents would have been willing to pay for faster access to COVID vaccines (jumping the queue), suggesting welfare gains from quicker access to these vaccines. This is an important result in light of potential future outbreaks and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neumann-Böhme
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Iryna Sabat
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Carolin Brinkmann
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arthur E Attema
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schreyögg
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Brouwer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Konstantinus A, Konstantinus I. Choice preference and willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination in Namibia. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100324. [PMID: 37333055 PMCID: PMC10249368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Namibia has not been spared from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and as intervention the Namibian government has rolled out vaccination programmes. This study was conducted before the roll out of these vaccines to assess the preference for COVID-19 vaccinations. Stated preference studies provide information about social demand, access, willingness-to-pay and financing for future COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A stated choice experiment (SCE) survey was administered to a sample of 506 participants from Namibia's general population between October 2020 and December 2020. Participants were asked to make a series of hypothetical choices and estimate their preference for different attributes of a vaccine. A latent class model was used to analyse the SCE data. The study also assessed anti-vaccination behaviour, past vaccination behaviour, impacts of COVID-19 on mental and physical health and Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) measures. The WTP measures were captured as out-of-pocket and further calculated using the marginal rate of substitution method in SCE. Results Data from 269 participants was included in the analysis. Vaccine side effects (40.065), population coverage (4.688), payment fee to receive vaccine immediately (3.733) were the top three influential attributes for vaccine preferences. Accordingly, increases in mild and severe side effects of vaccine options had negative impacts on utility; with an average WTP of N$728.26 to reduce serious side effects. The average WTP to receive a high-quality vaccine with 90% efficient was found to be N$233.11 (US$15.14). Across classes, there was a strong preference for vaccines with high effectiveness over longer durations of time. Conclusions The results provide useful information for the Namibian government to improve the current strategies for vaccine rollout interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iyaloo Konstantinus
- Ndatara Surveys, Swakopmund, Namibia
- Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Akintunde TY, Chen JK, Ibrahim E, Isangha SO, Sayibu M, Musa TH. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among foreign migrants in China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17567. [PMID: 37533745 PMCID: PMC10292914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose The COVID-19 outbreak created unique policy challenges for vaccinating special groups like migrants. As part of sustainable development goals, the equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine can contribute to ensuring health for all. This study examined COVID-19 vaccine uptake among foreign migrants in China based on sociodemographics, cultural beliefs, past vaccine behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Design An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among foreign migrants in mainland China via social media platforms from 21 November through 20 December 2021. Bivariate (unadjusted odd-ratio) and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to establish the correlates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Result Surveyed foreign migrants that are culture neutral (AOR: 2.5, CI: 95%, 1.02-5.90, p = 0.044), willing to pay for vaccination (AOR: 2.27, CI: 95%, 1.18-3.98, p = 0.012), believe in vaccine efficacy (AOR: 3.00, CI: 95%, 1.75-5.16, p < 0.000), have poor psychological health (AOR: 1.96, CI: 95%, 1.14-3.38, p = 0 0.014), and have higher perceived seriousness of COVID-19 (AOR: 2.12, CI: 95%, 1.26-3.57, p = 0.005) are more likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Those migrants with a history of declining vaccination (AOR: 0.34, CI: 95%, 0.18-0.65, p = 0.000) and middle-income earners $1701-3500 (AOR: 0.43, CI: 95%, 0.23-0.82, p = 0.010) are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion This study brings a unique perspective to understanding vaccine behavior among international migrants in China. There is an urgent call from the World Health Organization and countries for complete vaccination and efforts to improve vaccine coverage. However, fewer studies have been conducted globally on the vaccination of migrant populations. The current study provides empirical information to increase the knowledge of the correlates of vaccine behavior among immigrants in countries around the globe. Future studies should conduct cross-country comparisons to understand the factors associated with increasing vaccination rates among immigrant populations to formulate a strong policy to increase vaccine coverage among immigrant populations across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Yinka Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, China
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elhakim Ibrahim
- Department of Demography, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stanley Oloji Isangha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Liberal Art and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Muhideen Sayibu
- Department of Sci-Tech Communication and Policy, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Taha Hussein Musa
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sharma N, Basu S, Lalwani H, Rao S, Malik M, Garg S, Shrivastava R, Singh MM. COVID-19 Booster Dose Coverage and Hesitancy among Older Adults in an Urban Slum and Resettlement Colony in Delhi, India. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1177. [PMID: 37514993 PMCID: PMC10385507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of vaccine booster hesitancy, with the concomitant waning of humoral vaccine or hybrid immunity, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern can accentuate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to ascertain the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, including the administration of precaution (booster) dose vaccination, among the older population in an urban slum and resettlement colony population in Delhi, India. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an urban resettlement colony, slum, and village cluster in the Northeast district of Delhi among residents aged ≥50 years. RESULTS A total of 2217 adults (58.28%) had obtained a COVID-19 booster (precaution) dose vaccine, 1404 (36.91%) had received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine without booster dose, 121 (3.18%) were unvaccinated, while 62 (1.63%) participants received a single dose. Based on adjusted analysis, older adults (>65 years), higher education, and higher per-capita income were statistically significant predictors of booster dose vaccination. CONCLUSIONS More than four in ten adults in an urban slum and resettlement colony in Delhi lacked COVID-19 booster dose vaccination despite high rates of double-dose vaccination (~95%). Public health programming should provide an enhanced focus on reducing complacency with renewed prioritization for improving ease of access to COVID-19 vaccination services, particularly in underserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 122002, India
| | - Heena Lalwani
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Shivani Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Malik
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 122002, India
| | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Biopharma Mission, Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), New Delhi 110003, India
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Barrientos M, Vásquez-Lavin F, Rosales C, Bratti L. Understanding the role of personal experiences and contextual variables in shaping risk reduction preferences. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00587-X. [PMID: 37258386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article explores how preferences for risk reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic are influenced by personal experiences and contextual variables such as having a close friend or relative who has been infected by the virus (closeness), the severity of the illness (severity), people's own perceptions of being in a risky group (risk group), change in employment status due to the pandemic (employment situation), and vaccination status (vaccination status and altruistic vaccination). We conducted a choice experiment (CE) in Chile, Colombia, and Costa Rica. The attributes of the experiment were risk reduction, latency, and cost. Then, we estimated a mixed logit model to capture preference heterogeneity across the countries. The attributes presented in the CE were statistically significant, with the expected sign in each country. The variables closeness and employment situation presented homogeneous behavior in each country; however, severity, risk group, and vaccination status showed mixed results. We found that preferences were more heterogeneous for the attributes of the CE than for the personal experiences and contextual variables. Understanding the impact of these variables is essential for generating more effective risk reduction policies. For instance, methodologies such as the value of statistical life base their calculations on society's valuation of risk reduction. We provide evidence that the preferences for risk reduction vary due to the everyday situations that individuals face in the context of the pandemic. The latter may cause distortions in the values used to evaluate policies aimed at mitigating the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barrientos
- Durham University Business School, Durham University, Mill Hill Lane, Durham, United Kingdom.
| | - Felipe Vásquez-Lavin
- School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Rosales
- School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luna Bratti
- Observatorio del Contexto Económico, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Costa-Font J, Rudisill C, Harrison S, Salmasi L. The social value of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: Willingness to pay estimates from four western countries. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023. [PMID: 37151130 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines give rise to positive externalities on population health, society and the economy in addition to protecting the health of vaccinated individuals. Hence, the social value of such a vaccine exceeds its market value. This paper estimates the willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (or shadow prices), in four countries, namely the United States (US), the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy during the first wave of the pandemic when COVID-19 vaccines were in development but not yet approved. WTP estimates are elicited using a payment card method to avoid "yea saying" biases, and we study the effect of protest responses, sample selection bias, as well as the influence of trust in government and risk exposure when estimating the WTP. Our estimates suggest evidence of an average value of a hypothetical vaccine of 100-200 US dollars once adjusted for purchasing power parity. Estimates are robust to a number of checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Costa-Font
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, IZA & CESIfo, London, UK
| | - Caroline Rudisill
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sayward Harrison
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Luca Salmasi
- Department of Economics and Finance, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Tung TH, Yang YP, Zhang MX, Chen HX, Pan SJ. Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burnout Syndrome Among Healthcare Workers in Taizhou, China. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605539. [PMID: 37089792 PMCID: PMC10113432 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 burnout syndrome among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China.Methods: A total of 1,103 qualified healthcare workers in Taizhou were included in the study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to assess burnout syndrome.Results: Among the healthcare workers surveyed, 25.9% experienced COVID-19 burnout syndrome, including 22.3% and 3.6% with mild and moderate burnout, respectively. Multivariate linear regression models revealed associations with emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers, as follows: occupation, education level and professional qualifications. Professional efficacy was impacted by the pandemic, as follows: sex and occupation. The following factors were associated with cynicism among healthcare workers: occupation and underlying disease. Occupation (medical technician vs. physician, β = −7.40, 95% confidence interval: −12.09 to −2.71, p = 0.002) was significantly related to MBI-GS scores after adjusting for confounding factors.Conclusion: COVID-19 burnout syndrome was common among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China, and its impact was more burdensome to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xiao Chen, ; Shuang-Jun Pan,
| | - Shuang-Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xiao Chen, ; Shuang-Jun Pan,
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16
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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among University Students and Lecturers in Different Provinces of Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030683. [PMID: 36992268 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic imposed a pressing global threat. Vaccines against COVID-19 are a key tool to control the ongoing pandemic. The success of COVID-19 vaccination programs will largely depend on public willingness to receive the vaccine. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among university students and lecturers in four different provinces of Indonesia. An anonymous, cross-sectional study was conducted online among university students and lecturers in Indonesia between 23 December 2020 and 15 February 2021. Of 3433 respondents, 50.3% stated that they would accept COVID-19 vaccination, while 10.7% expressed unwillingness and 39% were not sure about receiving the vaccine. Concern regarding the side effects after COVID-19 vaccination was the main reason among the participants for not willing to receive the vaccine. Being male, associated with the health sector, having a higher monthly expenditure and having health insurance could increase the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Low trust in the government and low confidence towards vaccine safety and efficacy could hinder participants’ decision to be vaccinated. Simple, clear and fact-based information from trusted sources on a regular basis will be important for building confidence towards the COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia.
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Soleimanpour H, Sarbazi E, Esmaeili ED, Mehri A, Fam SG, Nikbakht HA, Saadati M, Sedighi S, Vali M, Azizi H. Predictors of receiving COVID-19 vaccine among adult population in Iran: an observational study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:490. [PMID: 36918858 PMCID: PMC10012284 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the best ways to stop the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this regard, uunderstanding the features related to the intention of different populations to receive the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for an effective vaccination program. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination intention predictors in the general adult population of Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted on social networks, including Telegram, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Facebook. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate predictors associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines, including sociodemographic characteristics, trust, worry, sources of information, and conspiracy beliefs. The main outcomes included unwillingness, undecidedness, and intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Out of 780 respondents, 481 (61.6%) reported an intention to be vaccinated, 214 (27.4%) expressed their undecided status, and 85 (10.9%) reported unwillingness to receive any type of COVID-19 vaccine. A higher age (OR undecided = 0.97, 95% CI (0.96-0.99)), (OR unwilling = 0.97, 95% CI (0.95-0.99)); exposure with COVID-19 (OR unwilling = 0.82, 95% CI (0.76-0.89)), (OR undecided = 0.87, 95% CI (0.83-0.93)) were positively associated with vaccination intentions. No/low trust in vaccines, institutions, concerns about the future of the pandemic, and conspiracy beliefs were strongly and negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions. CONCLUSION Most Iranians intended to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher vaccine acceptance needs to consider demographic features, exposure history, confidence in vaccines, trust in institutions, concerns, and conspiracy beliefs of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Soleimanpour
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sarbazi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad Mehri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Ghaffari Fam
- Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadati
- Department of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Saman Sedighi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hosein Azizi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Soofi M, Kok G, Soltani S, Kazemi-Karyani A, Najafi F, Karamimatin B. Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine and its associated determinants in Iran. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1036110. [PMID: 36875419 PMCID: PMC9978175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1036110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and to identify its associated determinants. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 526 Iranian adults using a web-based questionnaire. A double-bounded contingent valuation approach was used to estimate WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. The parameters of the model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. Results A considerable proportion of participants (90.87%) were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. Based on our discrete choice model, the estimated mean WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine was US$ 60.13 (CI: 56.80-63.46; p < 0.01). Having a higher perceived risk of being contaminated with COVID-19, higher average monthly income, higher education level, pre-existence of chronic diseases, previous experience of vaccination, and belonging to higher age groups were significant determinants associated with WTP for COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The present study indicates a relatively high WTP and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine among the Iranian population. Average monthly income, risk perception, education level, the preexistence of chronic disease, and previous vaccination experience increased the likelihood of WTP for a vaccine. Subsidizing the COVID-19 vaccine for the low-income population and raising risk perception among the population should be considered in formulating vaccine-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Soofi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Work and Social Psychology Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemi-Karyani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Karamimatin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Azanaw J, Endalew M, Zenbaba D, Abera E, Chattu VK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors in 13 African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1001423. [PMID: 36761336 PMCID: PMC9903367 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the entire world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, researchers and government agencies are working to create effective COVID-19 vaccinations. While vaccination campaigns are moving rapidly in high-income nations, COVID-19 is still ruthlessly affecting people in low-income nations. However, this difference in the spread of the disease is not because of a lack of a COVID-19 vaccine but mainly due to people's reluctance. As a result, this review summarized the data on COVID-19 vaccination adoption and factors related among nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Method Comprehensive searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The risk of bias and methodological quality of each published article that fit the selection criteria were evaluated using Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. All statistical analysis was done by STATA 16. Results This review was based on 29 studies with 26,255 participants from sub-Saharan Africa. Using a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among study participants was 55.04% (95 % CI: 47.80-62.27 %), I2 = 99.55%. Being male [POR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.44)], having a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 5.56 (95% CI: 3.63, 8.51)], having good knowledge in the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 4.61 (95% CI: 1.24, 8.75)], having government trust [POR = 7.10 (95% CI: 2.37, 21.32)], and having undergone COVID-19 testing in the past [POR = 4.41 (95%CI: (2.51, 7.75)] were significant predictor variables. Conclusion This analysis showed that respondents had a decreased pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Sex, attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing were statistically significantly correlated characteristics that affected the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. All stakeholders should be actively involved in increasing the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and thereby reducing the consequences of COVID-19. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination can be increased by using this conclusion as an indicator for governments, healthcare professionals, and health policymakers in their work on attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Endalew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Abera
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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20
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Hong J, Pan B, Jiang HJ, Zhang QM, Xu XW, Jiang H, Ye JE, Cui Y, Yan XJ, Zhai XF, Yu Q. The willingness of Chinese healthcare workers to receive monkeypox vaccine and its independent predictors: A cross-sectional survey. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28294. [PMID: 36367155 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The global monkeypox outbreak in 2022 has severely affected the life and health of people. Currently, partial smallpox vaccines have been approved for monkeypox prevention. Considering the potential occupational health risks of monkeypox infection among healthcare workers (HCWs), this study explored the willingness of Chinese HCWs to receive the monkeypox vaccine and analyzed the factors influencing their decision. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey among HCWs of 10 Chinese hospitals from May 30th, 2022 to August 1st, 2022. Specifically, a self-report questionnaire was administered to evaluate the attitude and acceptance of HCWs toward the monkeypox vaccine, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the independent predictors of vaccination. The survey included 1032 participants, of whom 90.12% expressed their willingness for vaccination (vaccine hesitancy rate = 9.88%). Univariate analysis showed that 11 variables differed significantly between the vaccine acceptance and vaccine hesitancy groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the age of 30-40 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.504, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.284-0.893, p = 0.019 vs. age of <30 years old), working in a secondary hospital (OR = 0.449, 95% CI: 0.249-0.808, p = 0.019 vs. working in a tertiary hospital), considering vaccination necessary for controlling monkeypox infection (OR = 4.135, 95% CI: 2.109-8.106, p < 0.001 vs. not considering it necessary), willingness to pay for the monkeypox vaccine (OR = 2.125, 95% CI: 1.206-3.745, p = 0.009 vs. no willingness to pay), considering implementation of mandatory vaccination necessary (OR = 1.990, 95% CI: 1.023-3.869, p = 0.043 vs. not considering it necessary), and recommending family members and friends to take the vaccine (OR = 13.847, 95% CI: 7.487-25.609, p < 0.001 vs. not recommending) were crucial independent predictors of the willingness to receive monkeypox-related vaccination. This study evaluated the acceptance and hesitancy rates of Chinese HCWs toward the monkeypox vaccine and found that the willingness to receive vaccination was mainly correlated to age, hospital level, and attitude toward vaccination. Therefore, to promote vaccine absorption, we recommend expanding publicity, formulating reasonable policies, and improving the recognition of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shannghai, China
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- Department of anesthesiology, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Xu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of dermatology, The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang-E Ye
- Department of Tuberculosis, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhai
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Willingness to Pay (WTP) for COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose and Its Determinants in Indonesia. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:1017-1032. [PMID: 36547247 PMCID: PMC9778827 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000-500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71-33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.
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22
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Chiang CF, Kuo J, Liu JT. Cueing quality: Unpacking country-of-origin effects on intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Taiwan. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115403. [PMID: 36244227 PMCID: PMC9534538 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While existing studies have reported and recognized country-of-origin effects on the intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among individual citizens in some countries, the causal mechanism behind such effects to inform public health policymakers remain unexplored. Adding up a quality cue explanation for such effects to the existing literature, the authors argue that individual consumers are less willing to get a vaccine designed and manufactured by a country with a significantly lower quality perception than other countries. A survey experiment that recruited a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults (n = 1951) between December 13, 2020 and January 11, 2021 was designed and conducted to test the argument. We find that all else equal, Taiwanese respondents were on average less likely to express stronger willingness to take a vaccine from China than from the US, Germany, and Taiwan. Furthermore, even when the intrinsic quality of the vaccine was held constant by the experimental design, respondents still had a significantly lower quality perception of the vaccine from China, both in terms of perceived protection and severe side effects. Further evidence from casual mediation analyses shows that about 33% and 11% of the total average causal effects of the "China" country-of-origin label on vaccine uptake intention were respectively mediated through the perceived efficacy of protection and perceived risk of experiencing severe side effects. We conclude that quality cue constitutes one of many casual mechanisms behind widely reported country-of-origin effects on intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Kuo
- Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan,Corresponding author
| | - Jin-Tan Liu
- Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Luo C, Zhang MX, Jiang E, Jin M, Tung TH, Zhu JS. The main decision-making competence for willingness-to-pay towards COVID-19 vaccination: a family-based study in Taizhou, China. Ann Med 2022; 54:2376-2384. [PMID: 36004802 PMCID: PMC9423852 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to explore individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) and studied the role of family decision makers in WTP for COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS A self-administered online questionnaire evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China. The logistic regression model was performed to identify the factors associated with WTP for the COVID-19 vaccines, and all data were analysed by R software, version 4.1.0. RESULTS 44.2% and 43.7% of 824 community residents were willing to pay for the first two doses and the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the boost dose of the COVID-19 vaccines, with OR (95%CI) being 1.75 (1.25-2.47) and 1.89 (1.34-2.67), respectively. Besides, participants' WTP for COVID-19 vaccines were also associated with their occupation and monthly household income. CONCLUSION This study found that family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Taizhou, China. To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision makers in vaccination.Key MessagesA study evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China.Family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines.To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision-makers in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Luo
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eva Jiang
- Gucheng Street Community Health Service Center, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mindan Jin
- Gucheng Street Community Health Service Center, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Steigenberger C, Flatscher-Thoeni M, Siebert U, Leiter AM. Determinants of willingness to pay for health services: a systematic review of contingent valuation studies. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2022; 23:1455-1482. [PMID: 35166973 PMCID: PMC8853086 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stated preference studies are a valuable tool to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for goods or services, especially in situations where no market valuation exists. Contingent valuation (CV) is a widely used approach among stated-preference techniques for eliciting WTP if prices do not exist or do not reflect actual costs, for example, when services are covered by insurance. This review aimed to provide an overview of relevant factors determining WTP for health services to support variable selection. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search and review of CV studies assessing determinants of WTP for health services was conducted, including 11 electronic databases. Two of the authors made independent decisions on the eligibility of studies. We extracted all determinants used and related p values for the effect sizes (e.g. reported in regression models with WTP for a health service as outcome variable). Determinants were summarised in systematic evidence tables and structured by thematic domains. RESULTS We identified 2082 publications, of which 202 full texts were checked for eligibility. We included 62 publications on 61 studies in the review. Across all studies, we identified 22 WTP determinants and other factors from 5 thematic domains: sociodemographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and other information. CONCLUSION Our review provides evidence on 22 relevant determinants of WTP for health services, which may be used for variable selection and as guidance for planning CV surveys. Endogeneity should be carefully considered before interpreting these determinants as causal factors and potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Steigenberger
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Magdalena Flatscher-Thoeni
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Division of Health Technology Assessment, ONCOTYROL, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Health Decision Science, Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea M Leiter
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hao J, Liu H, Shi J, Wang Q, Su X, Shi Z, Yu Y, Liu B, Qiao Y. A study on the willingness and influencing factors of novel coronavirus vaccination among medical personnel in North China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2031775. [PMID: 35377280 PMCID: PMC9196643 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2031775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To understand the awareness of the willingness to be vaccinated and influencing factors of the new coronavirus vaccine (neo-crown vaccine) among medical personnel in North China and to provide a theoretical basis and application guidelines for the feasibility of coronavirus vaccination by medical personnel to guide the public to actively be vaccinated by taking initiative and obtaining a coronavirus vaccination as soon as possible. Methods From April 2021 to June 2021, medical staff in North China were selected to complete an online questionnaire survey using Questionnaire Star to analyze the willingness rate to be vaccinated with the new coronavirus vaccine, and the influencing factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results Among 621 respondents, 85.7% were willing to be vaccinated after the launch of the new vaccine. In the questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer questions such as “Do you think it is better to receive as few vaccines as possible at the same time?,” “If I get the new coronavirus vaccine, I may have serious side effects.,” “The new coronavirus vaccine is safe.,” “Specifically, for the new coronavirus vaccine, do you think it is safe?,” and “Specifically, for the new coronavirus vaccine, do you think it is easy to administer?.” These beliefs have an important influence on the vaccination of medical staff with the new coronavirus vaccine in Northern China (OR = 1.610,95% CI: 1.055 ~ 2.456; OR = 1.715,95% CI: 1.164 ~ 2.526; OR = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.212 ~ 0.760; OR = 0.352,95% CI: 0.147 ~ 0.843; OR = 3.688,95% CI: 1.281 ~ 10.502, respectively; All P values < .05). Conclusions Medical staff have a high willingness to be vaccinated with the new coronavirus vaccine, which plays a positive role in the publicity of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Hao
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jihai Shi
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Group Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Shi
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yanqin Yu
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Baotou Medical College/The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- School of Group Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tung TH, Lin XQ, Chen Y, Zhang MX, Zhu JS. Willingness-to-pay for a booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Taizhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2099210. [PMID: 35880816 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2099210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to ascertain whether people in China would be willing to pay for an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. An online survey estimating participants' willingness to pay (WTP) for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted in Taizhou, China. The participants received ane-mail or e-poster on WeChat. A total of 1576 subjects participated the survey. A total of 66.4% (1046/1576) of the respondents were willing to pay for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for themselves. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the following factors were significantly related to a WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine: 1) confidence in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines (high vs. low, OR: 4.30, 95%CI: 1.61-11.43), 2) confidence in the preventive effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus (moderate vs. little, OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.30-2.38; great vs. little, OR: 2.244, 95%CI: 1.62-3.12), and 3) COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (unhesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.45-1.02; hesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.19-0.44; very hesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.03-0.27). This study revealed that a moderate proportion of participants responded that they would be willing to pay for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest the importance of a detailed assessment and a health education plan that better understands the population's risk perception as well as the potential health risks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Pan SJ, Yang YP, Zhang MX, Tung TH. Willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Taizhou,China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2063629. [PMID: 35522922 PMCID: PMC9897656 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2063629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among health-care workers in Taizhou, China. METHODS A population-based self-administered online questionnaire evaluating the willingness of health-care workers to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted in Taizhou, China. Of the 1102 health-care workers received the invitation, 1072 (97.3%) had received twice vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS There were 1569 (53.1%) out of 1072 health-care workers not willing to pay for thebooster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, 348 (32.5%) were willing to pay less than 100CHY for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, only 155 (14.5%) were willing to pay more than 100 CHY. The factors related to willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines were education level (c2 = 9.42, P = .01) or whether they had adverse effect to COVID-19 vaccines (c2 = 11.87, P < .01) . CONCLUSION This study found that about half of health-care workers were willing to pay for booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Taizhou, China, most of them are willing to pay less than 100 CHY. Health-care workers' willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines were related to sex, education level, whether they had adverse effect to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China,CONTACT Tao-Hsin Tung Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000China.
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Salman M, Mallhi TH, Tanveer N, Shehzadi N, Khan HM, Mustafa ZU, Khan TM, Hussain K, Mohamed MS, Maqbool F, Aftab RA, Butt MH, Panda DS, Alotaibi NH, Khedr AIM, Alanazi AS, Alatawi AD, Alzarea AI, Sulatana K, Khan YH. Evaluation of Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccine Hesitancy, and Willingness to Pay towards COVID-19 Vaccines in Six Countries from Asian and African Regions: A Large Multinational Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1866. [PMID: 36366374 PMCID: PMC9694922 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination protects people from serious illness and associated complications. Conspiracy theories and misinformation on vaccines have been rampant during the COVID-19 pandemic and are considered significant drivers of vaccine hesitancy. Since vaccine hesitancy can undermine efforts to immunize the population against COVID-19 and interferes with the vaccination rate, this study aimed to ascertain the COVID-19-vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, views regarding vaccine mandates, and willingness to pay for vaccines among the general population. A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted (April−August 2021) among the adult population in six countries (Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, India, Malaysia, Sudan, and Egypt). Participants were recruited using an exponential, non-discriminate snowball sampling method. A validated self-completed electronic questionnaire was used for the data collection. All the participants responded to questions on various domains of the study instrument, including conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and willingness to pay. The responses were scored according to predefined criteria and stratified into various groups. All data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22. A total of 2481 responses were included in the study (Pakistan 24.1%, Saudi Arabia 19.5%, India 11.6%, Malaysia 8.1%, Sudan 19.3%, and Egypt 17.3%). There was a preponderance of participants ≤40 years old (18−25 years: 55.8%, 26−40 years: 28.5%) and females (57.1%). The average score of the COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy belief scale (C19V-CBS) was 2.30 ± 2.12 (median 2; range 0−7). Our analysis showed that 30% of the respondents were found to achieve the ideal score of zero, indicating no conspiracy belief. The mean score of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale (C19V-HS) was 25.93 ± 8.11 (range: 10−50). The majority (45.7%) had C19V-HA scores of 21−30 and nearly 28% achieved a score greater than 30, indicating a higher degree of hesitancy. There was a significant positive correlation between conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy (Spearman’s rho = 0.547, p < 0.001). Half of the study population were against the vaccine mandate. Respondents in favor of governmental enforcement of COVID-19 vaccines had significantly (p < 0.001) lower scores on the C19V-CBS and C19V-HS scale. Nearly 52% reported that they would only take vaccine if it were free, and only 24% were willing to pay for COVID-19 vaccines. A high prevalence of conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy was observed in the targeted countries. Our findings highlight the dire need for aggressive measures to counter the conspiracy beliefs and factors underlying this vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida Tanveer
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Naureen Shehzadi
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter Hospital, Pakpattan 57400, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Raja Ahsan Aftab
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hammad Butt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dibya Sundar Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amgad I. M. Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Salah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed D. Alatawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kishwar Sulatana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 1 km Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia
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Handayani S, Rias YA, Kurniasari MD, Agustin R, Rosyad YS, Shih YW, Chang CW, Tsai HT. Relationship of spirituality, health engagement, health belief and attitudes toward acceptance and willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274972. [PMID: 36223417 PMCID: PMC9555617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the wider determinant factor of citizens' spirituality, health engagement, health belief model, and attitudes towards vaccines toward acceptance and willingness to pay for a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional online investigation with convenience sampling was utilized to recruit 1423 citizens from 18 districts across Indonesia between December 14, 2020 and January 17, 2021. Descriptive statistics, One-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, Independent t-tests, and multiple linear regression were examined. RESULTS Spirituality, health engagement and attitude toward vaccines, as well as health beliefs constructs (all scores of perceived benefits and barriers) were significant key factors of acceptance of vaccines. Interestingly, the spirituality, attitude toward vaccine, and health beliefs constructs including perceived susceptibility, and benefits indicated a significantly higher willingness. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated the utility of spirituality, health engagement, health belief model, and attitudes towards vaccines in understanding acceptance and willingness to pay for a vaccine. Specifically, a key obstacle to the acceptance of and willingness to pay COVID-19 vaccination included a high score of the perceived barrier construct. Moreover, the acceptance of and willingness to pay could be impaired by worries about the side-effects of a COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Handayani
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yohanes Andy Rias
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Maria Dyah Kurniasari
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ratna Agustin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yafi Sabila Rosyad
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ya Wen Shih
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching Wen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu Ting Tsai
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: ,
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Yufika A, Pratama R, Anwar S, Winardi W, Librianty N, Prashanti NAP, Sari TNW, Utomo PS, Dwiamelia T, Natha PPC, Salwiyadi S, Asrizal FW, Ikram I, Wulandari I, Haryanto S, Fenobilire N, Wagner AL, Jamil KF, Mudatsir M, Harapan H. Stigma Associated with COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Indonesia. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1942-1946. [PMID: 33762053 PMCID: PMC8207538 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the stigma associated with coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) among health care workers (HCWs) in Indonesia during the early phase of the pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 hospitals across the country in March, 2020. A logistic regression was employed to assess the association between stigma and explanatory variables. RESULTS In total, 288 HCWs were surveyed, of which 93.4% had never experienced any outbreaks. Approximately 21.9% of the respondents had stigma associated with COVID-19. HCWs who were doctors, had not participated in trainings related to COVID-19, worked in the capital of the province, worked at private hospitals, or worked at a hospital with COVID-19 triage protocols were likely to have no stigma associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The stigma associated with COVID-19 is relatively high among HCWs in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Adequate dissemination of knowledge and adequate protection are necessary to reduce stigma among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Yufika
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rovy Pratama
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Wira Winardi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nurfanida Librianty
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Prattama Santoso Utomo
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Putu Pangestu Cendra Natha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Salwiyadi Salwiyadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Ikram Ikram
- Dr H Yuliddin Away Hospital, Tapaktuan, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Irma Wulandari
- M. Hatta Brain Hospital, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Sotianingsih Haryanto
- Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Jambi University, Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | | | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurnia Fitri Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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Rehman T, Mallick A, Ahamed F, Kanungo S, Pati S. Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine for oneself and one's child among individuals attending a tertiary care centre in West Bengal, India. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022; 29:296-302. [PMID: 36308258 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_194_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free-of-cost supply could not meet the demand for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in India, so the government approved an injection option with a price. We aimed to determine how much money an individual would be willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their children and assess the factors determining it. METHODS We conducted a study among all adults visiting the outpatient department of a government tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, India, in August 2021. Trained nursing officers combined bidding game and open-ended question methods during personal interviews to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age of 1565 participants was 40.8 (12.2) years with 46.5% (n = 727) males, 70.4% (n = 1102) parents, 50.0% (n = 783) educated upto class 12 and 30.9% (n = 483) belonging to upper-middle socio-economic scale (SES). The median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) WTP amount for the first dose and the subsequent/booster dose among the unvaccinated (50.2%, n = 785) and vaccinated (49.8%, n = 780) participants were ₹0 (0-100) and ₹0 (0-200), respectively. The median (IQR) WTP for inoculating children with any COVID-19 vaccine was ₹50 (0-300) in both groups. Significant differences were found in the WTP prices for adult vaccines in both groups concerning age category (P = 0.02), education (P < 0.01) and SES (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Although more than half of the respondents were unwilling to pay for themselves, WTP for COVID-19 vaccination was higher for their children. Policy-makers should consider income, education and age to cap the private sector vaccination price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Rehman
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajay Mallick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhad Ahamed
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zhou HJ, Pan L, Shi H, Luo JW, Wang P, Porter HK, Bi Y, Li M. Willingness to pay for and willingness to vaccinate with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013485. [PMID: 36204240 PMCID: PMC9530802 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) for and willingness to vaccinate (WTV) with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine booster dose in China when the pandemic is under adequate control and the majority of the population is vaccinated. This study is also to identify significant factors associated with the WTP. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on adults with no past or present COVID-19 infection. An online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on vaccination status, quarantine experience, and factors related to health beliefs on vaccination. The WTV was assessed through the vaccination preference. The WTP was examined by payment scale (PS) and iterative bidding game (IBG) administered in random order. Three IBG algorithms with different starting-price were presented randomly. The average WTP of PS and IBG were analyzed as primary outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Multivariate ordered logistic regression was performed to identify significant factors for the WTP. Results: The survey recruited 543 participants with a mean age of 32 years and 57.80% being female. The WTV rate was 86.74%, while 94.66% of participants completed full-schedule or enhanced vaccination. The mean WTP was CNY 149 (±CNY 197) and the median WTP was CNY 80. Regarding significant factors for the WTP, urban residents were 57% more likely (95% CI: 1.11-2.22) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than rural residents. Respondents who completed full-schedule vaccination were 46% more likely (95% CI: 1.03–2.07) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those who completed enhanced vaccination. Respondents with a low household income of CNY 40k or lower were 62% less likely (95% CI: 0.21–0.66) to pay for a high-priced vaccine than those with a middle household income of CNY 110k–210k. Other significant factors associated with the WTP included the perceived benefit of vaccination and peer environmental pressure in the health belief model. Conclusion: The WTV with the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose was high in China. The WTP was influenced by the place of residence, vaccination status, household income, perceived benefit of vaccination, and environmental peer pressure. Study findings can inform policymakers to better design vaccination programs and financial schemes involving out-of-pocket payments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jun Zhou
- Department of Public Administration, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Public Administration, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Public Administration, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah K. Porter
- College of Pharmacy, Univesity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ye Bi
- I.Baby Preconception Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, Univesity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li,
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Arabyat RM, Nusair MB, Al-Azzam SI, Amawi HA, El-Hajji FD. Willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccines in Jordan: Applying the health belief model. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 19:95-101. [PMID: 36153237 PMCID: PMC9472461 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is no effective treatment for COVID-19. Vaccines are effective and safe strategies to control the pandemic. OBJECTIVE To measure consumers' maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccines in Jordan and to identify the predictors of WTP. METHOD An online survey was used to collect data related to sociodemographic factors and constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM). The contingent valuation method using the payment card approach was used, whereby the respondents were asked to choose their maximum WTP value from a range of 5-200 Jordanian Dinar (JOD). The maximum WTP values were then categorized into several groups, and an ordered logistic model was used to generate adjusted odds ratios and estimate the significant predictors of maximum WTP. RESULTS A total of 3116 respondents completed the survey. More than half of the sample were not willing to pay out of pocket for the vaccine (57%). Among the respondents who were willing to pay any amount above zero, the mean maximum WTP was 28.1 JOD (39.63 USD), and the median WTP was 20 JOD (28.21 USD). The significant predictors of higher WTP values were being of younger age, higher income, being a healthcare provider, having one or more chronic diseases, previous history of receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine, having a family member/friend who has died from the COVID-19, lower perceived risk of the vaccine, higher perceived benefits of the vaccine, and having been recommended to get the vaccine. CONCLUSION It is recommended to continue providing the vaccine free of charge to increase its uptake. Educational campaigns should focus on refuting myths related to the vaccine and promoting the benefits of receiving the vaccine in slowing the spread of the pandemic, and improving the economy. Healthcare providers' recommendations have the potential to increase WTP for the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Arabyat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, P. O. BOX 566, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad B Nusair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, P. O. BOX 566, Jordan; Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Haneen A Amawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, P. O. BOX 566, Jordan
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Terry E, Cartledge S, Damery S, Greenfield S. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1667. [PMID: 36056325 PMCID: PMC9437387 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A high COVID-19 vaccine uptake is essential to achieve herd immunity to combat the current strain of COVID-19 and potential future variants. This review aimed to identify factors associated with public intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines until February 2021 to provide accessible data to policymakers to inform framing and targeting of messages designed to optimise vaccine uptake. Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Sociological Abstracts and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts were searched for cross-sectional studies reporting data regarding COVID-19 vaccine intentions, published between 01/01/2020 and 12/02/2021. Title/abstract and full-text screening were performed independently by two authors. The Appraisal Tool for Cross-sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess bias and quality. Both random-effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were used to describe vaccine intentions and associated factors. A subgroup analysis assessing the impact of sex, sampling method and time of survey on COVID-19 vaccine intention was performed. Results Searches identified 4739 studies, and 23 cross-sectional studies were deemed eligible for the review; 22 used online surveys and one used a mixed-methods study design. Eighteen surveys were conducted in the first half of 2020 and five were conducted in the latter half of 2020. Fifteen countries were represented, with the most common being the United States (n = 4) and the United Kingdom (n = 4) sampling 41,403 participants across all surveys. Most studies employed convenience sampling and 11 non-responder rates raised concerns over non-response bias. From the 18 studies included in the meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of survey participants willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was 73.3% (n = 18, 95% Confidence Interval 64.2 to 81.5%, I2 = 99.7%). Factors associated with a higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance included greater perceived risk of COVID-19, lower level of perceived vaccine harm, higher educational attainment and household income, older age, being of White ethnicity and male sex. Conclusions There was a high willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine which was influenced by sociodemographic factors and risk perceptions. The findings suggest future research should explore reasoning behind vaccine intentions for different sociodemographic groups to allow targeted communication strategies to be formulated by public health agencies. Registration PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021239134. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14029-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Terry
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England.
| | - Sapphire Cartledge
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England
| | - Sarah Damery
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England
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Darrudi A, Daroudi R, Yunesian M, Akbari Sari A. Public Preferences and Willingness to Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine in Iran: A Discrete Choice Experiment. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2022; 6:669-679. [PMID: 35997900 PMCID: PMC9397161 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-022-00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major international threat and vaccination is the most robust strategy to terminate this crisis. It is helpful for policymakers to be aware of community preferences about vaccines. The present study aims to investigate the public's preferences and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine in Iran. METHODS This research is a cross-sectional study performed using a discrete choice experiment for a sample of the public population of several provinces of Iran in 2021. The samples were divided into two groups: one group expressed their preferences regarding the vaccine's attributes, and another group expressed their preferences regarding prioritizing individuals to get the vaccine. The discrete choice experiment design included five attributes including effectiveness, risk of severe complications, price, location of vaccine production, and duration of protection related to preferences for vaccine selection and six attributes including age, underlying diseases, employment in the healthcare sector, the rate of virus spread, the necessary job, and cost to the community related to preferences for prioritizing individuals to get the vaccine. A total of 715 individuals completed the questionnaire. The conditional logit regression model was used to analyze the discrete choice experiment data. Willingness to pay for each attribute was also calculated. RESULTS The willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine with 90% (70%) efficacy, the risk of severe complications for 1 (5) person per one million people, imported (domestic) vaccine, and 24-month (12-month) duration of protection attributes was about US$71 (US$37). The preference for vaccination for respondents was enhanced by increasing the efficacy and the duration of vaccine protection and decreasing complications and costs. The likelihood of prioritizing individuals to get a vaccination was increased for a person with an underlying disease, employment in the healthcare sector, the necessary job for the community, the high potential for virus spread in the community, and the high cost of death to the community. The age variable was not statistically significant for prioritizing individuals to get the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of the COVID-19 vaccination program, the public's preferences identified in this study should be considered. The obtained results provide useful information for policymakers to identify individual and social values for an appropriate vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Darrudi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., 1417613191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajabali Daroudi
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., 1417613191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Ave., 1417613191, Tehran, Iran.
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Rayhan MA, Mudatsir M, Nurjannah N, Ichsan I, Amir-Behghadami M, Khader YS, Koyanagi A, Sah R, Viveiros-Rosa SG, Mamun MA, Lemu YK, Bouchra A, Linguissi LSG, Ikram A, Sallam DE, Parperis K, Wollina U, Rademaker M, Vento S, Usman S. Acceptance and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in a region under Shariah law: A cross-sectional study in Aceh, Indonesia. NARRA J 2022; 2:e85. [PMID: 38449698 PMCID: PMC10914119 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptance of and willingness to purchase a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in the general population of Aceh, a holistic Shariah law implementation province in Indonesia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a quota sampling technique between 1 to 24 September 2021. To determine hypothetical vaccine acceptance, respondents were asked if they were willing to accept vaccines with combinations of either 50% or 95% effectiveness and either 5% or 20% risk of adverse effects. Willingness to purchase was assessed by asking whether the participants would pay for such vaccines at certain price points. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associated determinants. Out of 377 respondents included in the final analysis, 86.5% were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects. The acceptance rate dropped to 45.1% if the risk of adverse effects was 20%. Vaccines with 50% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects were acceptable to 42.2% but the acceptance went down to 17.2% if the risk of adverse effects increased to 20%. Multivariate analysis found that men were twice as likely to accept a vaccine with 95% effectiveness and 5% adverse effects compared to females (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI 1.05-3.86). We found that 156/377 (41.3%) of respondents were willing to purchase a COVID-19 vaccine and of these participants 71.1% were willing to pay between Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 50,000-150,000 (US$ 3.33-10.00). In conclusion, the acceptance rate of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine varied based on effectiveness and the risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nurjannah Nurjannah
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMR), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Department of Health Service Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Sandro G. Viveiros-Rosa
- Pharmacy Division, Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yohannes K. Lemu
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Laure SG. Linguissi
- Institut National de Recherche en Science de la Santé, Brazzaville, Republique of Congo
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dina E. Sallam
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Konstantinos Parperis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sandro Vento
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Said Usman
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Sun S. The demand for a COVID-19 vaccine. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 46:101135. [PMID: 35338910 PMCID: PMC8928710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Taking willingness to pay as primitive, this paper establishes an analytical framework for demand estimation, where the estimator is robust to endogeneity of price. Applying the framework, this paper then estimates demand functions for a COVID-19 vaccine and compute the consumer surplus in both China and the UAE. We find that the price elasticities of demand are mostly greater than one in both countries. An elastic demand suggests subsidy is likely to be successful in promoting vaccination. The consumer surplus is sizeable, around 58 billion US$ in China and 646 million US$ in the UAE. The figures can inform policymakers in assessing their vaccine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhong Sun
- College of Business Law and Governance, Division of Tropical Environment and Societies, James Cook University, Australia.
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Riccò M, Ferraro P, Camisa V, Satta E, Zaniboni A, Ranzieri S, Baldassarre A, Zaffina S, Marchesi F. When a Neglected Tropical Disease Goes Global: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Italian Physicians towards Monkeypox, Preliminary Results. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7070135. [PMID: 35878146 PMCID: PMC9316880 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPX) has been regarded as a neglected tropic disease of Western and Central Africa since the early 70s. However, during May 2022, an unprecedent outbreak of MPX has involved most of European Countries, as well as North and South America. While the actual extent of this outbreak is being assessed by health authorities, we performed a pilot study on specific knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in a sample of Italian medical professionals (24–30 May 2022; 10,293 potential recipients), focusing on Occupational Physicians (OP), Public Health Professionals (PH), and General Practitioners (GP), i.e., medical professionals more likely involved in the early management of incident cases. More specifically, we inquired into their attitude on the use of variola vaccine in order to prevent MPX infection. From a total of 566 questionnaire (response rate of 5.5%), 163 participants were included in the final analyses. Knowledge status was quite unsatisfying, with substantial knowledge gaps on all aspect of MPX. In turn, analysis of risk perception suggested a substantial overlooking of MPX as a pathogen, particularly when compared to SARS-CoV-2, TB, HIV, and HBV. Overall, 58.6% of respondents were somehow favorable to implement variola vaccination in order to prevent MPX, and the main effectors of this attitude were identified in having been previously vaccinated against seasonal influenza (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 6.443, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 1.798–23.093), and being favorable to receive variola vaccine (aOR 21.416; 95%CI 7.290–62.914). In summary, the significant extent of knowledge gaps and the erratic risk perception, associated collectively stress the importance of appropriate information campaigns among first-line medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola n.2, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-339-2994-343
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Direzione Sanità, Italian Railways’ Infrastructure Division, RFI SpA, I-00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Camisa
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Elia Satta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (E.S.); (A.Z.); (S.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessandro Zaniboni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (E.S.); (A.Z.); (S.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (E.S.); (A.Z.); (S.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonio Baldassarre
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, I-50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (E.S.); (A.Z.); (S.R.); (F.M.)
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Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among adult chronic patients. A cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269942. [PMID: 35819959 PMCID: PMC9275707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with pre-existing chronic diseases are more likely to acquire COVID-19 infections, which can be fatal, and die from COVID-19 illness. COVID-19 vaccination will benefit those at a higher risk of developing complications and dying from the disease. This study aimed to determine chronic patients’ willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence their willingness. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 adult chronic patients in the University of Gondar specialized hospital outpatient departments. The participants were chosen using systematic random sampling methods with an interval of 5. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from eligible respondents. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for the data entry data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. An odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals and a P-value was used to determine the association’s strength and statistical significance. Result Out of 401 respondents, 219 (54.6%) with [95% CI (49.7–59.5%)] of study participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Being a healthcare worker (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.24–6.96), Lost family members or friends due to COVID-19 (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.21–5.00), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.37–4.33), favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = .8.56 95% CI: 4.76–15.38), perceived suitability of the COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.62–5.33) and perceived benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.31), were found to be a significant association with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among chronic patients. Conclusion This study confirms that around 55% of adult chronic patients were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Providing health education for chronic patients to emphasize the knowledge and attitude of the COVID-19 vaccine and raise patients’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could be recommended to improve their willingness to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Karam MM, Baki JA, Al-Hajje A, Sraj M, Awada S, Salameh P, Ajrouche R. Willingness to Pay for a Coronavirus Vaccine and Its Associated Determinants in Lebanon. Value Health Reg Issues 2022; 30:18-25. [PMID: 35033800 PMCID: PMC8757721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical vaccine and its associated determinants among the Lebanese general population during one of the peak episodes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Lebanon. METHODS An online survey was developed and delivered to the Lebanese general population. The questionnaire included the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, financial situation, attitude toward vaccination, and WTP for the hypothetical vaccine. The study was based on the contingent valuation method. RESULTS Among 500 individuals solicited, 352 individuals agreed to participate (participation rate = 70.4%); among them, 66% were between 18 and 45 years old, and 54% were women. Notably, 78.1% of the respondents were ready to pay for this hypothetical vaccine even if the vaccine will not be covered. The maximum WTP of the Lebanese population was approximately $60 ± $66 (range $3-$500) after excluding extreme values in the sensitivity analysis and ranged between $3 and $500. WTP was associated with the severity of COVID-19 (P<.001), the education level (P=.001), and the place to live during the lockdown (P=.045). There was an association between family income and WTP (P=.004) with a weak correlation. CONCLUSIONS The WTP was comparable with other studies and highly associated with the level of education, the household income, living in the city during the lockdown, and the perceived severity of COVID-19. These findings can help in understanding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and WTP in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michelle Karam
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jwana Abdel Baki
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amal Al-Hajje
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Sraj
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Awada
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology - Lebanon (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Ajrouche
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon,Correspondence: Roula Ajrouche, PharmD, PhD, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Alhassan RK, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Immurana M, Abuosi AA. Financing COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from a nation-wide willingness to pay (WTP) survey in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1273. [PMID: 35773637 PMCID: PMC9243858 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 13 million doses of the corona virus disease, 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered in Ghana as at March, 2022; 28.5% of the population have received one dose while 16.3% have been fully vaccinated. Cost associated with COVID-19 vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires rethinking on sustainable funding arrangements to consolidate gains made towards containing the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE Ascertain the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccination among adult eligible population in Ghana, and prefer evidence-based policy recommendations on sustainable financing regime for COVID-19 vaccination in the global south. METHODS Setting/design: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among adult population aged 18 years and above across the sixteen (16) administrative regions of Ghana. PARTICIPANTS A sub-sample of 697 participants willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was used as the unit of analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES main outcome measures of interests were willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination and the specific amount respondents were willing to pay. The odds of WTP and specific amount were predicted using the step-wise backward logistic regression and backward step-wise OLS, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2,107 adult respondents aged 18 years and above were reached out to answer the questionnaire; 1,556 successfully completed the questionnaire, representing 74% response rate. Out of the 1,556 valid responses, 697 said they will receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Out of the 697 sub-sample willing to accept the vaccine, 386 (55%) were willing to pay an average of US$6.00 for the vaccine. Positive predictors of WTP were: being an educated male (OR = 0.55, 95% [CI = 0.366, 0.826], p = 0.004), married and educated (OR = 2.19, 95% [CI = 1.077, 4.445], p = 0.030), being a married health worker (OR = 0.43, 95% [CI = 0.217, 0.845], p = 0.015), and having positive perception of the vaccine (OR = 2.40, 95% [CI = 1.144, 5.054], p = 0.021). High WTP amounts correlated positively with adherence to COVID-19 prevention protocols (Coef. = 10.30, 95% [CI = 0.463, 20.137], p = 0.040) and being a health worker with tertiary education (Coef. = 56.339, 95% [CI = 8.524, 104.154], p = 0.021). Christians who are also health workers by occupation were less likely to pay higher amounts for the vaccine (Coef. = -71.431, 95% [CI = 118.821, -24.040], p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS WTP for COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana is low relative to comparative studies in the sub-region. There is the need for accelerated, advocacy and public education on the benefits of vaccination. Likewise, there should be broader stakeholder engagement and national dialogue on sustainable financing options for COVID-19 vaccination as donor support continues to dwindle for LIMCs like Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kaba Alhassan
- Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box PMB 31, Ho, Ghana. .,Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Volta Region Ho, Ghana.
| | | | - Mustapha Immurana
- Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Aaron Asibi Abuosi
- Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O Box LG 78, Accra, Ghana
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Rani MDM, Mohamed NA, Solehan HM, Ithnin M, Ariffien AR, Isahak I. Assessment of acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model among Malaysians-A qualitative approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269059. [PMID: 35700197 PMCID: PMC9197030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several countries have started mass vaccination programs to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. With an R naught value of 2 to 3, about 70% of the population needs to be immunized to achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for acceptance or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines among the Malaysian population. METHODOLOGY An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design was performed. The cross-sectional survey used a non-probability convenient sampling technique to recruit the respondents, who were required to answer an open-ended question: Either "If you are willing to get the vaccine, please state your reason" or "If you are not willing to get vaccinated, please state your reason." The survey also included questions on demography such as age, gender, and place of residence. According to the Health Belief Model, the data was transcribed, translated, and analyzed: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, and cues for action. RESULTS A total of 1091 respondents who completed the online survey comprised 685 (62.8%) females, 406 (37.2%) males, with a mean age of 38.16 (SD = 16.44). The majority (81.1%) were willing to get vaccinated. Thematic analysis showed that most respondents perceived that the vaccine is safe, effective, protective and will provide herd immunity. Barriers to vaccination include unknown long-term side effects, rapid vaccine production, inadequate information and concerns regarding halal status. Cues to vaccination included individual desire, social responsibility, economic concerns and wait-and-see behavior. CONCLUSIONS The public should be well informed about the vaccine, its efficacy, side effects, and halal status to increase vaccine acceptability and achieve herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azmawati Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hana Maizuliana Solehan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Muslimah Ithnin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rasyid Ariffien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ilina Isahak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Kiran T, Junaid KP, Sharma D, Jain L, Vij J, Satapathy P, Chakrapani V, Patro BK, Kar SS, Singh R, Pala S, Bali S, Rustagi N, Goel K, Sankhe L, Modi B, Gupta M, Aggarwal AK, Rajagopal V, Padhi BK. Sociodemographic Determinants of Willingness and Extent to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in India. Front Public Health 2022; 10:870880. [PMID: 35734756 PMCID: PMC9207713 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.870880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Responding to the fast transmission rates and increasing fatality rates, countries across the world expedited the development and deployment of the vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evaluation of individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) would provide pertinent information regarding future demand and financing preferences, which shall help to devise the effective payment strategy for COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A nationwide, cross-sectional, and self-administered online survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted to identify the sociodemographic determinants of willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in India. A non-probability convenience sampling followed by snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants (n = 3,341). The likelihood of sociodemographic determinants to predict willingness and extent to pay was modeled using the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results Out of 3,341 participants, 68% (n = 2,271) were willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine. Results showed significantly higher odds for willingness to pay among participants who were single [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.394, p < 0.01] and having a family size of 4 members (aOR = 1.346, p < 0.01). The adjusted odds ratio sizably increased from 1.396 for participants whose monthly income was between INR 10,000 and 20,000/month to 2.240 for participants whose monthly income was above INR 50,000/month. Further, out of 2,271 of those participants who were willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine, majority (n = 1,246, 54.9%) of participants were willingness to pay below 50% of COVID-19 vaccine cost. This study found that those who are single (aOR = 0.688, p < 0.01), having an income between INR 20,000 and 50,000/month (aOR = 0.686, p < 0.05), and those who belonged to socially disadvantaged category (aOR = 0.450, p < 0.01) were estimated to have significantly lower odds of willingness to pay more than 50% of COVID-19 vaccine cost. Conclusion This study observed that majority of those participants who willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine were willingness to pay only up to 50% of COVID-19 vaccine and income was observed as a precursor predictor of the willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine. The understanding on the willingness and extent to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and its sociodemographic determinants will be helpful for making the strategic decisions related to the financing of COVID vaccine in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Kiran
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K. P. Junaid
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lovely Jain
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jatina Vij
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ritesh Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, India
| | - Star Pala
- North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India
| | - Surya Bali
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Neeti Rustagi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kapil Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lalit Sankhe
- Grant Medical College, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavesh Modi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS-Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vineeth Rajagopal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,*Correspondence: Vineeth Rajagopal
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Bijaya Kumar Padhi
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Prasert V, Thavorncharoensap M, Vatcharavongvan P. Acceptance and willingness to pay under the different COVID-19 vaccines: A contingent valuation method. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3911-3919. [PMID: 35691798 PMCID: PMC9167635 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 vaccine is recognized as a novel tool in the battle against COVID-19. Recently, there were several types of vaccines that have a different effectiveness and safety profile. Understanding the vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) are essential to develop a strategic plan to increase the rate of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Objectives To assess the acceptance and WTP for a COVID-19 Vaccine in Thailand using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Additionally, to identify the factors that affect the acceptance and the amount of WTP for a COVID-19 Vaccine. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a payment card approach with open-ended questions during September 2021. Three hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines (Vaccines A, B, and C) in two scenarios were employed. Data were collected from 752 people. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the predictors of vaccine acceptance. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors associated with the maximum amount WTP for a vaccine. Results Of 742 respondents, the highest acceptance was vaccine C (70.71%), followed by B (17.72%) and A (11.57%). Similarly, 53.87%, 41.44%, and 36.21% of the respondents expressed WTP for vaccine C, B and A, respectively. The maximum amount WTP for vaccine C was US$46, followed by B (US$35) and A (US$32). Factors affecting acceptance included monthly salary, region of residence, education, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, knowledge and attitude about the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, monthly salary, region of residence, education and knowledge on COVID-19 vaccine were related to maximum amount WTP. Conclusion Acceptance and WTP depends on vaccine characteristics. Educational campaigns should be implemented to improve people's awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccines to increase the vaccines' acceptance. To increase the rate of vaccination, the Thai government needs to allow freedom of choice on vaccines, while considering effectiveness and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanida Prasert
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand.
| | | | - Pasitpon Vatcharavongvan
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand
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Montagni I, Ouazzani-Touhami K, Pouymayou A, Pereira E, Texier N, Schück S, Tzourio C. Who is hesitant about Covid-19 vaccines? The profiling of participants in a French online cohort. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022; 70:123-131. [PMID: 35428543 PMCID: PMC8958178 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the characteristics of vaccine-hesitant individuals in a French-speaking adult population in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; and to identify predictors of hesitancy about Covid-19-related vaccines. METHODS Between April and May 2020, 1640 French-speaking adults participating in an online cohort were classified according to their attitudes towards vaccination as: "hesitant", "anti-vaccination", and "pro-vaccination". Descriptive statistics, univariate multinomial regression models and multivariate analyses were compiled and carried out. RESULTS At the time of inclusion, compared to pro-vaccination participants, hesitant participants were more frequently females (p=0.044), not annually vaccinated against flu (p=0.026), less optimistic about the discovery of a treatment against Covid-19 in a few months (p<0.001), less ready to undergo this treatment (p<0.001), presenting less trust in the ability of public health authorities to control the pandemic (p=0.036) and reporting lower scores on knowledge-related scales (p values from <0.001 to 0.002). Univariate analyses confirmed these results with odds ratios ranging from 1.51 [1.05-2.17] to 2.19 [1.56-3.07]. In the multivariate models, the remaining variables associated with hesitant compared to pro-vaccination attitudes were discovery of a treatment against Covid-19 in a few months (OR=2.57 [1.73-3.81]), being ready to undergo this treatment (OR=7.07 [4.89-10.22]), digital vaccine literacy (OR=1.70 [1.14-2.54]) and general health literacy (OR=1.49 [1.03-2.15]). DISCUSSION In a continuum of relative acceptance of Covid-19-related vaccines, hesitant individuals were situated in between the behaviours and characteristics of pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination groups. While their characteristics were in line with the literature, this study was the first to report data on health literacy, digital vaccine literacy and capacity to detect fake news associated with vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS While failing to identify straightforward predictors, findings suggest that continued education and communication campaigns focused on improving vaccine literacy, particularly among women younger than 35 years, could heighten the proportion of persons accepting vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Montagni
- Univ.Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France,Corresponding author : Ilaria Montagni, PhD, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France, +33 (0)6 42 19 33 63
| | - Kevin Ouazzani-Touhami
- Univ.Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France,Polyclinique Inkermann, groupe Elsan, 79000 Niort, France
| | - Aude Pouymayou
- Univ.Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edwige Pereira
- Univ.Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Texier
- Kap Code, F-75010 Paris, France,Kappa Santé, F-75002 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Schück
- Kap Code, F-75010 Paris, France,Kappa Santé, F-75002 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ.Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Merga BT, Ayana GM, Negash B, Alemu A, Abdurke M, Abdu A, Balis B, Bekana M, Fekadu G, Raru TB. Health-care Workers’ Willingness to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccines in Eastern Ethiopia: Using Contingent Valuation Method. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 14:395-404. [PMID: 35615661 PMCID: PMC9126155 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s361199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine is found to be vital for HCWs, their household contacts, and their patients to protect against COVID-19 infection and maintain the safety of health systems. The actual willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors remain uncertain among health-care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, studying health-care workers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccination helps to have an insight on valuation of the vaccine. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 randomly selected health-care workers working in health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from February 3 to March 20, 2021. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to test the associations between outcome and explanatory variables. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results The magnitude of willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was 42.8%. The median amounts of money respondents willing to pay was 400 ETB (US$ 10.04). Sex (male, AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.93), monthly income (>7000 ETB, AOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.51), affordability (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.35), fear of side effects (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 2.13, 6.60), support vaccinations (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.65, 5.35), the likelihood of getting COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.52) were independent determinants of WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion Health-care workers’ willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination was found to be low. Detailed health education and training about COVID-19 vaccines are required regarding their side effects, and efficacy to make an informed decision to enhance the willingness to pay for the vaccine. Moreover, the government should consider providing COVID vaccines free of charge for low-income groups and at an affordable price for those who could pay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Bedasa Taye Merga, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Galana Mamo Ayana, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdurke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmedmenewer Abdu
- Department of Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Miressa Bekana
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gelana Fekadu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Xiao J, Wu Y, Wang M, Ma Z. Scope Issue in Contingent Valuation Studies of the COVID-19 Vaccine: The Case of China. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2022; 20:417-429. [PMID: 35001293 PMCID: PMC8743235 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-021-00706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine by the contingent valuation (CV) method can provide a relevant basis for government pricing. However, the scope issue of the CV method can seriously affect the validity and reliability of the estimation results. AIM To examine whether there are scope issues in respondents' WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine and to further verify the validity and reliability of the CV estimate results. METHOD In this study, nine different CV double-bounded dichotomous choices (DBDC) hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine scenarios were designed using an orthogonal experimental design based on the vaccine's attributes. A total of 2450 samples from 31 provinces in Mainland China were collected to independently estimate the public's WTP in these nine scenarios with logistic, normal, log-logistic and log-normal parameter models. Based on this estimation, several external scope tests were designed to verify the validity and reliability of the CV estimate results. RESULTS In the 20 pairs of COVID-19 vaccine scenarios, 6 pairs of scenarios were classified as negative scope issues, therefore not passing the external scope test. Of the remaining 14 pairs of scenarios, only four pairs of scenarios completely passed the external scope test, and one pair of scenarios partially passed the external scope test. Significant negative scope and scope insensitivity issues were revealed. CONCLUSION In the context of a dynamic pandemic environment, the findings of this study reveal that the CV method may face difficulty in effectively estimating respondents' WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. We suggest that future studies be cautious in applying the CV method to estimate the public's WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Xiao
- School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- School of Tourism and Geography Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wang
- Business College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zegang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Wu L, Wang X, Li R, Huang Z, Guo X, Liu J, Yan H, Sun X. Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Shanghai, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050654. [PMID: 35632409 PMCID: PMC9146736 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Older individuals have a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, and one of the most effective ways to prevent COVID-19 is vaccination. Little is known about older people’s willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the acceptance of and factors influencing the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Shanghai, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (≥60 years old) in Shanghai. Face-to-face interviews with a questionnaire were conducted in community health service centers, recording several parameters: demographic information, health-related factors; perceived likelihood, severity, and burden of COVID-19; perceived safety, effectiveness, necessity, and benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as their trust in the vaccine delivery system and doctors; willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. Bivariate analysis between several survey items and the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccination was conducted using a chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to assess to what degree each variable affected the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. Results: Of the 1067 participants, 90.91% (970/1067) confirmed that they were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. The participants were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated if they were immigrants (OR = 1.988, 95%CI = 1.062−3.717), had an education level of junior high school (OR = 2.724, 95%CI = 1.000−7.423) or high school or above (OR = 3.993, 95%CI = 1.576−10.119), and had a monthly income of CNY 3000−5000 (OR = 32.770, 95%CI = 1.144−6.711) or CNY >5000 (OR = 2.309, 95%CI = 1.003−5.319). The participants were also more likely to be willing to be vaccinated if they had received a pneumonia vaccination previously (OR = 2.138, 95%CI = 1.016−4.500), perceived the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 1.508, 95%CI = 1.073−2.119), perceived the necessity of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 2.604, 95%CI = 1.946−3.484), or trusted the suggestions of doctors (OR = 1.706, 95%CI = 1.115−2.618). The participants were less likely to be willing to be vaccinated if they were aged ≥76 years (OR = 0.498, 95%CI = 0.264−0.939), reported a physical health condition of bad or below (OR = 0.229, 95% CI = 0.095−0.549), or were worried about the adverse effects of a COVID-19 vaccination (OR = 0.503, 95%CI = 0.364−0.695). Conclusions: Under the free vaccination policy for COVID-19, older adults have a high intention to be vaccinated to prevent COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. Widely publicizing the safety and necessity of COVID-19 vaccination is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Ruiping Li
- Department of Immunization Program, Fengxian District Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 201499, China;
| | - Zhuoying Huang
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jiechen Liu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.W.); (Z.H.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-6275-8710
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Self-Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Willingness to Pay: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Thailand. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040627. [PMID: 35455376 PMCID: PMC9031534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and willingness to pay in Thailand. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 September 2021 to 14 January 2022. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (delay in acceptance and denying vaccination), determinants of vaccine hesitancy (complacency, convenience, and confidence), and willingness to pay. The general Thai population aged ≥18 years were surveyed. Among 705 respondents, 10.4% reported hesitancy, with significant determinants being low complacency and confidence in the vaccine; low convenience was not a significant determinant. Multivariate analysis revealed vaccine hesitancy among women, those with higher education, non-healthcare workers, and those who lived in rural areas. Furthermore, 77.2% of respondents were willing to pay, with the majority willing to pay in the range of THB 501-1000 ( USD 1 = THB 33) per dose. Increased monthly income, no impact of COVID-19 on income, and time period (before mRNA vaccine availability) significantly affected willingness to pay.
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Sallam M, Anwar S, Yufika A, Fahriani M, Husnah M, Kusuma HI, Raad R, Khiri NME, Abdalla RYA, Adam RY, Ismaeil MIH, Ismail AY, Kacem W, Teyeb Z, Aloui K, Hafsi M, Dahman NBH, Ferjani M, Deeb D, Emad D, Sami FS, Abbas KS, Monib FA, R S, Panchawagh S, Sharun K, Anandu S, Gachabayov M, Haque MA, Emran TB, Wendt GW, Ferreto LED, Castillo-Briones MF, Inostroza-Morales RB, Lazcano-Díaz SA, Ordóñez-Aburto JT, Troncoso-Rojas JE, Balogun EO, Yomi AR, Durosinmi A, Adejumo EN, Ezigbo ED, Arab-Zozani M, Babadi E, Kakemam E, Ullah I, Malik NI, Dababseh D, Rosiello F, Enitan SS. Willingness-to-pay for COVID-19 vaccine in ten low-middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America: A cross-sectional study. NARRA J 2022; 2:e74. [PMID: 38450393 PMCID: PMC10914042 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is considered as one of the greatest challenges to control the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A related challenge is the unwillingness of the general public to pay for vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine willingness-to-pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccine among individuals from ten low- middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, and South America. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed during February - May 2021 in ten LMICs (Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, and Tunisia). The major response variable of in this study was WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine. The assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was based on items adopted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) vaccine hesitancy scale constructs. In this study, 1337 respondents included in the final analysis where the highest number of respondents was from India, while the lowest number was from Egypt. A total of 88.9% (1188/1337) respondents were willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccination, and 11.1% (149/1337) were not. The average WTP for COVID-19 vaccination was 87.9 US dollars ($), (range: $5-$200). The multivariate model analysis showed that the country, monthly household income, having a history of respiratory disease, the agreement that routine vaccines recommended by health workers are beneficial and having received the flu vaccination within the previous 12 months were strongly associated with the WTP. Based on the country of origin, the highest mean WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was reported in Chile, while the lowest mean WTP for the vaccine was seen among the respondents from Sudan. The availability of free COVID-19 vaccination services appears as a top priority in the LMICs for successful control of the ongoing pandemic. This is particularly important for individuals of a lower socio- economic status. The effects of complacency regarding COVID-19 extends beyond vaccine hesitancy to involve less willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and a lower value of WTP for the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Yufika
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hendrix I. Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rawan Raad
- Faculty of Medicine and General Surgery, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | - Asma Y. Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wajdi Kacem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis el Manar, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Teyeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Aloui
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Montacer Hafsi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | | | - Manel Ferjani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Dalia Deeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-sharkia, Egypt
| | - Dina Emad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah S. Sami
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams university Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Subramaniam R
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Kothamangalam, India
| | - Suhrud Panchawagh
- Department of General Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Anandu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Md A. Haque
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan an Jospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Guilherme W. Wendt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Brazil
| | - Lirane ED. Ferreto
- Department of Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel O. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Akele R. Yomi
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther N. Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eyiuche D. Ezigbo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Edris Kakemam
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Najma I. Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Deema Dababseh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Seyi S. Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
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