1
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Guo B, Zhuang TT, Li CC, Li F, Shan SK, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Wang Y, Lei LM, Tang KX, Ouyang W, Duan JY, Wu YY, Cao YC, Ullah MHE, Zhou ZA, Lin X, Wu F, Xu F, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. MiRNA-132/212 encapsulated by adipose tissue-derived exosomes worsen atherosclerosis progression. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:331. [PMID: 39252021 PMCID: PMC11386123 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue in individuals with obesity is an independent cardiovascular risk indicator. However, it remains unclear whether adipose tissue influences common cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, through its secreted exosomes. METHODS The exosomes secreted by adipose tissue from diet-induced obesity mice were isolated to examine their impact on the progression of atherosclerosis and the associated mechanism. Endothelial apoptosis and the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the atherosclerotic plaque were evaluated. Statistical significance was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9.0 with appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS We demonstrate that adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-EX) exacerbate atherosclerosis progression by promoting endothelial apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs within the plaque in vivo. MicroRNA-132/212 (miR-132/212) was detected within AT-EX cargo. Mechanistically, miR-132/212-enriched AT-EX exacerbates palmitate acid-induced endothelial apoptosis via targeting G protein subunit alpha 12 and enhances platelet-derived growth factor type BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog in vitro. Importantly, melatonin decreases exosomal miR-132/212 levels, thereby mitigating the pro-atherosclerotic impact of AT-EX. CONCLUSION These data uncover the pathological mechanism by which adipose tissue-derived exosomes regulate the progression of atherosclerosis and identify miR-132/212 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Male
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Cells, Cultured
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology
- Mice
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tong-Tian Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Wenlu Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
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Sasaki H, Mizuta K. Diurnal variation in asthma symptoms: Exploring the role of melatonin. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:519-524. [PMID: 38925352 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting more than 260 million people worldwide. Nocturnal exacerbations of asthma symptoms significantly affect sleep quality and contribute to the most serious asthma exacerbations, which can lead to respiratory failure or death. Although β2-adrenoceptor agonists are the standard of care for asthma, their bronchodilatory effect for nocturnal asthma is limited, and medications that specifically target symptoms of nocturnal asthma are lacking. HIGHLIGHT Melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms. Peak serum melatonin concentrations, which are inversely correlated with diurnal changes in pulmonary function, are higher in patients with nocturnal asthma than in healthy individuals. Melatonin potentiates bronchoconstriction through the melatonin MT2 receptor expressed in the smooth muscles of the airway and attenuates the bronchodilatory effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists, thereby exacerbating asthma symptoms. Melatonin inhibits mucus secretion and airway inflammation, potentially ameliorating asthma symptoms. CONCLUSION Melatonin may exacerbate or ameliorate various pathophysiological conditions associated with asthma. As a potential therapeutic agent for asthma, the balance between its detrimental effects on airway smooth muscles and its beneficial effects on mucus production and inflammation remains unclear. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether melatonin worsens or improves asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
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3
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Ersoy İ, Demir FA. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with depressed myocardial mechanoenergetics. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:162-169. [PMID: 34972252 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the myocardial mechanoenergetic efficiency index (MEEi) and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in the initial phase of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis. METHODS In this cohort study, we included a total of 382 eligible participants without cardiovascular disease in a tertiary outpatient clinic between January 2013 and January 2015. We recorded demographic, clinical, polysomnographic and echocardiographic variables of the patients. In addition, myocardial mechanoenergetic efficiency (MEE) and MEEi were calculated by an echocardiography-derived validated measurement. RESULTS The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 48.47 ± 12.13, and male/female ratio was 287/95. Comparing with non-OSA, MEEi was significantly lower in OSA patients at all stages (0.35 ± 0.08 vs. 0.42 ± 0.05; p < .001). MEEi was negatively correlated with hypertension (r = -0.518, p < .001), body mass index (r = -0.382, p < .001), AHI (r = -0.656, p < .001), total apne (r = -0.525, p < .001), hypopnea (r = -0.415, p < .001), systolic pulmonary pressure (r = -0.318, p < .001), relative wall thickness (RWT; r = -0.415, p < .001), and positive correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.586, p < .001). According to multiple linear regression analysis AHI (β = -0.625, p < .001), total apnea (β = -0.402, p = .001), hypopnea (β = -0.395, p = .001), LV ejection fraction (β = 0.478, p < .001) and RWT (β = -0.279, p < .001) have an independent relationship with MEEi. CONCLUSIONS MEEi was lower in OSA patients. A reduced MEEi may reflect a disturbance in energy use of the myocardium. Consequently, our results may provide insight into the mechanisms leading to structural cardiac diseases in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Ersoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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4
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Sasaki H, Zhang Y, Emala CW, Mizuta K. Melatonin MT 2 receptor is expressed and potentiates contraction in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L991-L1005. [PMID: 34612067 PMCID: PMC8715028 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal asthma is characterized by heightened bronchial reactivity at night, and plasma melatonin concentrations are higher in patients with nocturnal asthma symptoms. Numerous physiological effects of melatonin are mediated via its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named the MT1 receptor, which couples to both Gq and Gi proteins, and the MT2 receptor, which couples to Gi. We investigated whether melatonin receptors are expressed on airway smooth muscle; whether they regulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i), which modulate airway smooth muscle tone; and whether they promote airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. We detected the mRNA and protein expression of the melatonin MT2 but not the MT1 receptor in native human and guinea pig airway smooth muscle and cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Activation of melatonin MT2 receptors with either pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (10-100 µM) or the nonselective MT1/MT2 agonist ramelteon (10 µM) significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HASM cells, which was reversed by the Gαi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or knockdown of the MT2 receptor by its specific siRNA. Although melatonin by itself did not induce an initial [Ca2+]i increase and airway contraction, melatonin significantly potentiated acetylcholine-stimulated [Ca2+]i increases, stress fiber formation through the MT2 receptor in HASM cells, and attenuated the relaxant effect of isoproterenol in guinea pig trachea. These findings suggest that the melatonin MT2 receptor is expressed in ASM, and modulates airway smooth muscle tone via reduced cAMP production and increased [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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5
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Ozkalayci F, Kocabas U, Altun BU, Pandi-Perumal S, Altun A. Relationship Between Melatonin and Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e12935. [PMID: 33654615 PMCID: PMC7914336 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coronary atherosclerotic process involves different pathological mechanisms; inflammation is one of the major triggers for the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Although several studies showed the favorable effects of melatonin on the cardiovascular system (CVS), melatonin seems not to take its rightful place in today's clinical practice. This review aims to point out the role of melatonin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its' risk factors. All data were obtained via PubMed, Wikipedia, and Google.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umut Kocabas
- Cardiology, Baskent University Izmir Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | | | | | - Armagan Altun
- Cardiology, Baskent University İstanbul Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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6
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Cecon E, Oishi A, Jockers R. Melatonin receptors: molecular pharmacology and signalling in the context of system bias. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3263-3280. [PMID: 28707298 PMCID: PMC6057902 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, an evolutionally old molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in vertebrates, and it binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, which are members of the GPCR family. Among the multiple effects attributed to melatonin, we will focus here on those that are dependent on the activation of the two mammalian MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. We briefly summarize the latest developments on synthetic melatonin receptor ligands, including multi-target-directed ligands, and the characterization of signalling-biased ligands. We discuss signalling pathways activated by melatonin receptors that appear to be highly cell- and tissue-dependent, emphasizing the impact of system bias on the functional outcome. Different proteins have been demonstrated to interact with melatonin receptors, and thus, we postulate that part of this system bias has its molecular basis in differences of the expression of receptor-associated proteins including heterodimerization partners. Finally, bias at the level of the receptor, by the expression of genetic receptor variants, will be discussed to show how a modified receptor function can have an effect on the risk for common diseases like type 2 diabetes in humans. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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7
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Baker J, Kimpinski K. Role of melatonin in blood pressure regulation: An adjunct anti-hypertensive agent. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:755-766. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie Baker
- School of Kinesiology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; London Health Sciences Centre; University Hospital; London ON Canada
| | - Kurt Kimpinski
- School of Kinesiology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; London Health Sciences Centre; University Hospital; London ON Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Western University; London ON Canada
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8
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Favero G, Franceschetti L, Buffoli B, Moghadasian MH, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:336-349. [PMID: 27884595 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide. Most age-related cardiovascular disorders can be influenced by modifiable behaviours such as a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoidance of smoking, increased physical activity and reduced stress. The role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor, which has an even more important role in the geriatric population. Melatonin, an indoleamine with multiple actions including antioxidant properties, has been identified in a very large number of plant species, including edible plant products and medical herbs. Among products where melatonin has been identified include wine, olive oil, tomato, beer, and others. Interestingly, consumed melatonin in plant foods or melatonin supplementation may promote health benefits by virtue of its multiple properties and it may counteract pathological conditions also related to cardiovascular disorders, carcinogenesis, neurological diseases and aging. In the present review, we summarized melatonin effects against age-related cardiac alterations and abnormalities with a special focus on heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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9
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Tao J, Zhai Y, Park H, Han J, Dong J, Xie M, Gu T, Lewi K, Ji F, Jia W. Circadian Rhythm Regulates Development of Enamel in Mouse Mandibular First Molar. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159946. [PMID: 27494172 PMCID: PMC4975438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic incremental growth lines and the presence of melatonin receptors were discovered in tooth enamel, suggesting possible role of circadian rhythm. We therefore hypothesized that circadian rhythm may regulate enamel formation through melatonin receptors. To test this hypothesis, we examined expression of melatonin receptors (MTs) and amelogenin (AMELX), a maker of enamel formation, during tooth germ development in mouse. Using qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, we found that mRNA and protein levels of both MTs and AMELX in normal mandibular first molar tooth germs increased gradually after birth, peaked at 3 or 4 day postnatal, and then decreased. Expression of MTs and AMELX by immunocytochemistry was significantly delayed in neonatal mice raised in all-dark or all-light environment as well as the enamel development. Furthermore, development of tooth enamel was also delayed showing significant immature histology in those animals, especially for newborn mice raised in all daylight condition. Interestingly, disruption in circadian rhythm in pregnant mice also resulted in delayed enamel development in their babies. Treatment with melatonin receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT in pregnant mice caused underexpression of MTs and AMELX associated with long-lasting deficiency in baby enamel tissue. Electromicroscopic evidence demonstrated increased necrosis and poor enamel mineralization in ameloblasts. The above results suggest that circadian rhythm is important for normal enamel development at both pre- and postnatal stages. Melatonin receptors were partly responsible for the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Han
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Keidren Lewi
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
| | - William Jia
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
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10
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OYAMA T, NAGAI R, FUJIMOTO M, KONISHI R, MITA M, UEZONO K, ZAITSU K, HAMASE K. Development of a Fully-automated On-line Oxidation Column-switching HPLC System for the Determination of Endogenous Melatonin in Human Clinical Samples. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1129-35. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa OYAMA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Rie NAGAI
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mayumi FUJIMOTO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ryoko KONISHI
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Kiyoshi ZAITSU
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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11
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Expression and putative functions of melatonin receptors in malignant cells and tissues. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:472-8. [PMID: 25023005 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, the popular hormone of the darkness, is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, and acts classically through the G-protein coupled plasma membrane melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, respectively. Although some of the receptor mediated functions of melatonin, especially those on the (central) circadian system, have been more or less clarified, the functional meaning of MT-receptors in various peripheral organs are still not sufficiently investigated yet. There is, however, accumulating evidence for oncostatic effects of melatonin with both, antioxidative and MT-receptor mediated mechanisms possibly playing a role. This review briefly summarizes the physiology of melatonin and MT-receptors, and discusses the expression and function of MT-receptors in human cancer cells and tissues.
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12
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Favero G, Rodella LF, Reiter RJ, Rezzani R. Melatonin and its atheroprotective effects: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:926-37. [PMID: 24291636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease in which oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly implicated as major causative factors. Identification of novel strategies that contribute to plaque stabilization or inhibition represents a continuing challenge for the medical community. The evidence from the last decade highlights that melatonin influences the cardiovascular system, but its mechanisms of action have not been definitively clarified. Melatonin has atheroprotective effects by acting on different pathogenic signaling processes; these result from its direct free radical scavenger activity, its indirect antioxidant properties and its anti-inflammatory actions. In this review, we summarize the many pieces of the puzzle which identified molecular targets for prevention and therapy against the atherosclerotic pathogenic processes and we evaluate the data documenting that melatonin treatment has important actions that protect against atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Samimi-Fard S, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Jimenez-Sosa A. A case-control study of melatonin receptor type 1A polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction in a Spanish population. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:400-4. [PMID: 21635358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease with genetic and environmental determinants. Although a large number of genetic polymorphisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have been identified, there is still no evidence of a genetic association with CAD. As melatonin might play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, we tested whether the expression of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the melatonin receptor differs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 300) compared with healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 250). Finally, only MEL1A receptor SNP rs28383653 was selected because of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ(2) = 0.49). The distribution of genotype frequencies for this SNP showed that the unfavourable CT genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with AMI than in controls (4.5% versus 1.3%; P = 0.006). Multivariable analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of the unfavourable CT genotype in AMI patients with peripheral arteriopathy (28% versus 10%; P = 0.01). This finding suggests a synergism effect between the unfavourable genotype (CT) of the MELIA receptor SNP and the vascular disease in this subgroup of patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between a genetic polymorphism of the melatonin receptor 1A and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Samimi-Fard
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
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14
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Schepelmann M, Molcan L, Uhrova H, Zeman M, Ellinger I. The Presence and Localization of Melatonin Receptors in the Rat Aorta. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:1257-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Cutando A, Aneiros-Fernández J, López-Valverde A, Arias-Santiago S, Aneiros-Cachaza J, Reiter RJ. A new perspective in Oral health: potential importance and actions of melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, MT3, and RZR/ROR in the oral cavity. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:944-50. [PMID: 21459362 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is involved in many physiological processes in mammals, amongst others; it is implicated in sleep-wake regulation. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also acts as an immunomodulator, stimulates bone metabolism and inhibits various tumours. Additionally an abnormal melatonin rhythm may contribute to depression and insomnia. The mechanisms of action of melatonin include the involvement of membrane receptors (MT1, MT2), cytosolic binding sites (MT3 and calmodulin), and nuclear receptors of the RZR/ROR family. Melatonin also has receptor-independent activity and can directly scavenge free radicals. The current review addresses the functions of melatonin in the oral cavity in relation to its receptors. METHODS An extensive search was conducted on the following scientific databases Pub Med, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane database in order to review all pertinent literature. RESULTS Melatonin from the blood into the saliva may play an important role in suppressing oral diseases. It may have beneficial effects in periodontal disease, herpes and oral cancer, amongst others. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin contributes to protecting of oral cavity from tissue damage due to its action of different receptors. From the reviewed literature it is concluded that experimental evidence suggests that melatonin can be useful in treating several common diseases of the oral cavity. Specific studies are necessary to extend the therapeutic possibilities of melatonin to other oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cutando
- Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
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16
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Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:343-80. [PMID: 20605968 PMCID: PMC2964901 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is synthesized primarily in the pineal gland and retina, and in several peripheral tissues and organs. In the circulation, the concentration of melatonin follows a circadian rhythm, with high levels at night providing timing cues to target tissues endowed with melatonin receptors. Melatonin receptors receive and translate melatonin's message to influence daily and seasonal rhythms of physiology and behavior. The melatonin message is translated through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, MT(1) and MT(2), that are potential therapeutic targets in disorders ranging from insomnia and circadian sleep disorders to depression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the steps taken since melatonin's discovery by Aaron Lerner in 1958 to functionally characterize, clone, and localize receptors in mammalian tissues. The pharmacological and molecular properties of the receptors are described as well as current efforts to discover and develop ligands for treatment of a number of illnesses, including sleep disorders, depression, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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17
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Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Possible role of melatonin. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:233-6. [PMID: 21160589 PMCID: PMC2999058 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i8.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerosis has increased enormously over the last 20 years. Reperfusion through thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary angioplasty is the standard treatment for preventing acute myocardial infarction. Early reperfusion is an absolute prerequisite for survival of the ischemic myocardium, but reperfusion itself may lead to accelerated and additional myocardial injury beyond that generated by ischemia alone. These outcomes, in a range of reperfusion-associated pathologies, are collectively termed "reperfusion injuries". Reactive oxygen species are known to be produced in large quantities in the first few minutes of the post-ischemia reperfusion process. Similarly, scientific evidence from the last 15 years has suggested that melatonin has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The presence of vascular melatoninergic receptor binding sites has been demonstrated; these receptors are functionally linked to vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory effects of melatonin. It has been shown that patients with coronary heart disease have a low melatonin production rate, especially those with higher risk of cardiac infarction and/or sudden death. Melatonin attenuates molecular and cellular damage resulting from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in which destructive free radicals are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez
- Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife E-38320, Spain
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18
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Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Sanchez-Sanchez JJ, Kaski JC, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and circadian biology in human cardiovascular disease. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:14-22. [PMID: 20536686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal rhythms influence cardiovascular physiology, i.e. heart rate and blood pressure, and they appear to also modulate the incidence of serious adverse cardiac events. Diurnal variations occur also at the molecular level including changes in gene expression in the heart and blood vessels. Moreover, the risk/benefit ratio of some therapeutic strategies and the concentration of circulating cardiovascular system biomarkers may also vary across the 24-hr light/dark cycle. Synchrony between external and internal diurnal rhythms and harmony among molecular rhythms within the cell are essential for normal organ biology. Diurnal variations in the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to environmental stimuli are mediated by a complex interplay between extracellular (i.e. neurohumoral factors) and intracellular (i.e. specific genes that are differentially light/dark regulated) mechanisms. Neurohormones, which are particularly relevant to the cardiovascular system, such as melatonin, exhibit a diurnal variation and may play a role in the synchronization of molecular circadian clocks in the peripheral tissue and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Moreover, mounting evidence reveals that the blood melatonin rhythm has a crucial role in several cardiovascular functions, including daily variations in blood pressure. Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chronobiotic and, possibly, epigenetic regulatory functions. This article reviews current knowledge related to the biological role of melatonin and its circadian rhythm in cardiovascular disease.
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19
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. The "silent" rise of blood pressure that occurs over time is largely asymptomatic. However, its impact is deafening-causing and exacerbating cardiovascular disease, end-organ damage, and death. The present article addresses recent observations from human and animal studies that provide new insights into how the circadian clock regulates blood pressure, contributes to hypertension, and ultimately evolves vascular disease. Further, the molecular components of the circadian clock and their relationship with locomotor activity, metabolic control, fluid balance, and vascular resistance are discussed with an emphasis on how these novel, circadian clock-controlled mechanisms contribute to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1120 15th St., Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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20
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Benova M, Herichova I, Stebelova K, Paulis L, Krajcirovicova K, Simko F, Zeman M. Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:242-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Endothelial cell function is a major player on the regulation of both vascular tonus and permeability. Activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by bradykinin is one physiological pathway for the well-known vascular relaxation mediated by endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO). In this study we investigated if melatonin, which is known to modulate endothelial cell function and NO production in other tissues, is able to impair bradykinin-induced NO production in vitro. Rat microvascular endothelial cells were incubated with fluorescent dyes to detect either NO or Ca2+. In addition, cGMP levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. We found that while bradykinin (1-100 nm) increased both cytosolic Ca2+ and NO production, melatonin (1 nm) abolished this NO production but not cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. N-acetylserotonin (0.1 and 1 nm) had the same effect, while the selective agonist for MT3 receptors (5-MCA-NAT, 1 nm) had no effect. Moreover, nonselective and MT2-selective antagonists did not alter the effect of melatonin, suggesting that it is not mediated by MT melatonin receptors. A possible direct inhibition of calmodulin was also discarded as melatonin did not mimic the effect of calmidazolium on cytosolic Ca2+. Melatonin also abolished cGMP production induced by 1 microm bradykinin, indicating that the NO downstream effect is impaired. Thus, here we show that melatonin reduces NO production induced by bradykinin by a mechanism upstream to the interaction of Ca2+ -calmodulin with NOS. Moreover, this effect might be the basis of the diurnal variation in endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo K Tamura
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Soták M, Mrnka L, Pácha J. Heterogeneous expression of melatonin receptor MT1 mRNA in the rat intestine under control and fasting conditions. J Pineal Res 2006; 41:183-8. [PMID: 16879325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is found in mammalian central nervous system and various peripheral tissues including gastrointestinal tract (GIT) where it participates in the regulation of intestinal motility, blood flow, immunomodulation, ion transport, cell proliferation and scavenging of free radicals. Some of these effects are achieved via melatonin binding to specific receptors, MT1 and MT2. As no thorough study on the expression of these receptors in the GIT has yet been done, the aim of this study was to determine the MT1 mRNA expression in the rat intestine under both control and fasting conditions. Our results suggest that MT1 mRNA is present in epithelial as well as subepithelial layer, with higher expression in the latter in all intestinal segments studied. The highest signal of the MT1 transcript along the rostro-caudal intestinal axis was found both in epithelial and subepithelial layers of the duodenum. Nevertheless, duodenal MT1 mRNA expression did not reach the level found in pituitary gland. In a 12:12-hr light:dark cycle a MT1 receptor expression in the subepithelial layer of rat distal colon did not manifest a significant diurnal rhythm. Short-term fasting increased the expression of MT1 transcript in the subepithelial layer of both the small and large intestine. During long-term fasting the increase persisted only in distal colon while a return to control levels was observed in small intestinal segments. In conclusion we demonstrated heterogeneous expression of MT1 receptor in the rat intestine and showed that its expression is up-regulated by nutritional deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matús Soták
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Reiter RJ. Prognostic value of nocturnal melatonin levels as a novel marker in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:1162-4. [PMID: 16616019 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the possible relation between circulating levels of nocturnal melatonin, C-reactive protein, and the development of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Patients who had developed adverse events during follow-up had significantly lower nocturnal melatonin levels than patients without events.
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24
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Abstract
In addition to its antioxidative effects melatonin acts through specific nuclear and plasma membrane receptors. To date, two G-protein coupled melatonin membrane receptors, MT(1) and MT(2), have been cloned in mammals, while the newly purified MT(3) protein belongs to the family of quinone reductases. Screening studies have shown that various tissues of rodents express MT(1) and/or MT(2) melatonin receptors. In humans, melatonin receptors were also detected in several organs, including brain and retina, cardiovascular system, liver and gallbladder, intestine, kidney, immune cells, adipocytes, prostate and breast epithelial cells, ovary/granulosa cells, myometrium, and skin. This review summarizes the data published so far about MT(1) and MT(2) receptors in human tissues and human cells. Established and putative functions of melatonin after receptor activation as well as the clinical relevance of these findings will be discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Animals
- Biliary Tract/metabolism
- Breast/metabolism
- Cardiovascular System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism
- Genitalia, Female/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune System/metabolism
- Male
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Prostate/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin/cytology
- Skin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzpanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Walters JF, Hampton SM, Deanfield JE, Donald AE, Skene DJ, Ferns GAA. Circadian variation in endothelial function is attenuated in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2006; 54:294-303. [PMID: 16466869 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible existence of an endogenously generated circadian rhythm in endothelial function in women and whether this rhythm is altered after the menopause. METHODS Healthy non smoking women (11 pre-menopausal and 13 postmenopausal women) were studied during a 22 h period under constant routine conditions; endothelium-dependent (flow-mediated dilation (%FMD)) and -independent (glyceryl-trintrate (GTN)-mediated) function was assessed every 2 and 4 h, respectively, by high-resolution ultrasound of the brachial artery. RESULTS %FMD and %GTN was significantly higher in pre-menopausal women (9.9+/-1.0%FMD (mean+/-S.E.M.); 18.2+/-1.8%GTN; P<0.01) compared with postmenopausal women (6.5+/-0.5%FMD; 11.5+/-1.6%GTN). A significant day-night variation in %FMD was observed pre-menopausal women (day 9.2+/-0.8%; night 10.4+/-1%; P<0.05) with an attenuated rhythm in postmenopausal women (day 6.8+/-0.6%; night 6.0+/-0.4%). CONCLUSIONS The findings show a circadian rhythm in %FMD in pre-menopausal women, which disappears after the menopause. The reduction in %FMD and an absence of a day-night variation in %FMD in postmenopausal women may have important implications for the incidence of coronary heart disease in women after the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie F Walters
- Neuroendocrinology Group, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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26
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Jaworek J, Konturek SJ, Tomaszewska R, Leja-Szpak A, Bonior J, Nawrot K, Palonek M, Stachura J, Pawlik WW. The circadian rhythm of melatonin modulates the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat. J Pineal Res 2004; 37:161-70. [PMID: 15357660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2004.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an antioxidant, protects the pancreas against acute inflammation but, although this indole is released mainly at night, no study has been undertaken to determine circadian changes of plasma melatonin levels and the severity of acute pancreatitis. The aims of this study were: (a) to compare the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP) produced in the rat during the day and at the night, and (b) to assess the changes of plasma melatonin level and the activity of an antioxidative enzyme; superoxide dismutase (SOD), in the pancreas subjected to CIP during the day time and at night without or with administration of exogenous melatonin or its precursor; l-tryptophan. Rats were kept in 12 hr light/dark cycle. CIP was induced by subcutaneous infusion of caerulein (5 microg/kg/hr for 5 hr). Melatonin (5 or 25 mg/kg) or l-tryptophan (50 or 250 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the start of CIP. CIP induced during the day time was confirmed by histological examination and manifested by pancreatic edema, and rises of amylase and lipase plasma activities (by 400 and 500%, respectively), whereas pancreatic SOD, pancreatic blood flow (PBF) and oxygen consumption by pancreatic tissue (VO(2)) were decreased by 70, 40 and 45%, respectively, as compared with the appropriate controls. All morphological and biochemical parameters of CIP induced at night were significantly less severe, compared with those recorded during the light phase. Plasma melatonin immunoreactivity was significantly higher during the night, than during the day, especially following administration of melatonin or its precursor, which reversed all manifestations of CIP. In conclusion, a circadian rhythm modulates the severity of CIP with a decrease of pancreatitis severity during the night compared with that at the day time and this may be due to the increased plasma level of melatonin and higher activity of SOD in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Care, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University CM, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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27
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Naji L, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Expression of membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors in mouse peripheral organs. Life Sci 2004; 74:2227-36. [PMID: 14987948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Accepted: 08/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that melatonin acts through specific receptors, including MT(1) and MT(2) membrane receptors as well as a nuclear receptor belonging to the orphan nuclear receptor family. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether melatonin receptors mRNA is expressed in mouse peripheral tissues. To study the different receptors subtype expression, we have used a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure followed by Southern hybridization with specific digoxigenin-labeled probes. RT-PCR studies revealed the presence of both MT(1) membrane receptors and ROR(alpha)1 nuclear receptors in all the peripheral tissues examined (brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney). Moreover, the expression of ROR(alpha)1 nuclear receptors was also demonstrated by Western-blot. In contrast, expression of MT(2) membrane receptors was only observed in brain and lung. These results suggest that melatonin, acting through its different subtypes receptors, plays a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of peripheral tissues function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/genetics
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Naji
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Seville, Spain
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28
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Scheer FAJL, Van Montfrans GA, van Someren EJW, Mairuhu G, Buijs RM. Daily nighttime melatonin reduces blood pressure in male patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 2004; 43:192-7. [PMID: 14732734 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000113293.15186.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with essential hypertension have disturbed autonomic cardiovascular regulation and circadian pacemaker function. Recently, the biological clock was shown to be involved in autonomic cardiovascular regulation. Our objective was to determine whether enhancement of the functioning of the biological clock by repeated nighttime melatonin intake might reduce ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 16 men with untreated essential hypertension to investigate the influence of acute (single) and repeated (daily for 3 weeks) oral melatonin (2.5 mg) intake 1 hour before sleep on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and actigraphic estimates of sleep quality. Repeated melatonin intake reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure during sleep by 6 and 4 mm Hg, respectively. The treatment did not affect heart rate. The day-night amplitudes of the rhythms in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were increased by 15% and 25%, respectively. A single dose of melatonin had no effect on blood pressure. Repeated (but not acute) melatonin also improved sleep. Improvements in blood pressure and sleep were statistically unrelated. In patients with essential hypertension, repeated bedtime melatonin intake significantly reduced nocturnal blood pressure. Future studies in larger patient group should be performed to define the characteristics of the patients who would benefit most from melatonin intake. The present study suggests that support of circadian pacemaker function may provide a new strategy in the treatment of essential hypertension.
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29
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Ekmekcioglu C, Thalhammer T, Humpeler S, Mehrabi MR, Glogar HD, Hölzenbein T, Markovic O, Leibetseder VJ, Strauss-Blasche G, Marktl W. The melatonin receptor subtype MT2 is present in the human cardiovascular system. J Pineal Res 2003; 35:40-4. [PMID: 12823612 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We showed that the melatonin receptor subtype, MT1, is expressed in healthy and diseased human coronary arteries. As studies in experimental animals suggest that the MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is also present in the vasculature, we investigated whether the MT2 is expressed in human aorta and coronary arteries. Additionally, MT2 expression in human ventricular specimens was analysed, as melatonin was shown to affect myocyte function. Expression of the MT2-receptor was studied in sections of isolated coronary arteries, aorta and left ventricular specimens from healthy heart donors (control) and patients with dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. MT2 expression was found by reverse transcriptase (RT)-nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all of the specimens (aorta, left ventricle and coronary arteries) derived from controls. Also, visible evidence for receptor expression was found in 12 of 15 samples from cardiomyopathy patients and 10 of 15 of coronary heart disease patients. Additionally, the expression of MT2-receptor between aorta, left ventricle and coronary arteries varied among the individuals, some of them showing highest expression in the aorta while in others principal expression sites were coronary arteries or left ventricles. In conclusion, the MT2-receptor subtype is present in human arteries and left ventricles and it is suggested that in coronary heart disease MT2-receptor expression is altered. Furthermore, there is evidence for heterogeneous MT2 expression patterns in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna.
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30
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Mehrabi MR, Thalhammer T, Haslmayer P, Glogar HD, Wieselthaler G, Humpeler S, Marktl W, Ekmekcioglu C. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is highly expressed in human heart ventricles. Biomed Pharmacother 2002; 56:407-10. [PMID: 12442913 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand activated transcription factor which regulates gene expression in various tissues. PPARgamma was primarily found to be associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent experimental studies provided evidence that PPARgamma is also expressed in the arterial wall and in cardiomyocytes and described PPARgamma as a transducer of antihypertropic signaling in the heart. This comparative study sought to investigate whether PPARgamma is differently expressed in the aorta, coronary arteries and left ventricle specimens derived from healthy heart donors (n = 5). By using quantitative PCR, we found that PPARgamma is expressed in all of the human specimens with the by far highest expression (5.01-fold) in the left ventricles compared to aorta, whereas no significant difference was detected between coronary arteries (0.93-fold) vs. aorta. Furthermore, especially great interindividual variations were observed in PPARgamma expression in aorta, and to a lesser extent, in coronary arteries and left ventricle specimens. In conclusion, our data argue for the prominent role of PPARgamma in the human heart, particularly in the normal left ventricle.
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