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Qiu F, Zhang H, Liu H, Zheng T, Xia W, Xu S, Xiao H, Li Y. Association of arsenic exposure and clinical hematological changes during pregnancy: Findings from a prospective Wuhan birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115559. [PMID: 36828249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have reported arsenic-induced disturbed erythropoiesis parameters. However, the effects of exposure to arsenic on hematological parameters among pregnant women are unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate trimester-specific associations between arsenic metabolites and erythropoietic parameters measured repeatedly during pregnancy. METHODS A total of 1945 pregnant women from a birth cohort study were included. We detected arsenic species in urine sampled at each trimester and extracted erythropoietic parameters in different trimesters from the medical records. We used linear regressions with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to examine the relationship between arsenic metabolites concentrations at different trimesters and erythropoietic parameters. We utilized GEEs to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for anemia during pregnancy. RESULTS Adjusted trimester-specific analysis showed that higher monomethylated arsenic (MMA) and %MMA were related to remarkably reduced hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Additionally, elevated urinary MMA concentration and %MMA in the early trimester were associated with an increased risk of microcytic anemias in the late trimester. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between gestational arsenic exposure and Hb and MCH. Notably, higher MMA and lower methylation capacity to metabolize inorganic arsenic (iAs) in early pregnancy might increase the likelihood of microcytic anemia among pregnant women in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu H, Ye L, Li T, Zhang X, Wang C, Li P, Ji H, Gao Q, Dong S. Nanoplastics promote arsenic-induced ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage and disturbances in neurotransmitter metabolism of zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:161005. [PMID: 36539083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a carrier, nanoplastics (NPs) can adsorb other toxic substances and thus modify their biological toxicity. Numerous studies have investigated the neurotoxic of high concentrations of arsenic (As, 2.83 mg/L-5 mg/L). However, it is still unknown whether the relatively low environmentally relevant concentrations of As (200 μg/L) can damage the structure and function of fish brains with the presence of NPs. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene NPs, As and their mixture for 30 days respectively. Firstly, we found that the presence of NPs promoted the accumulation of As in zebrafish brains. Thereby the co-exposure of NPs and As further promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish brains compared with the single exposure of NPs or As, resulting in severe oxidative stress. Moreover, accumulated ROS directly damaged the mitochondrial membrane and mtDNA in zebrafish brains. Moreover, the mitochondrial damage was further aggravated due to inhibited mitochondrial fusion and activated mitochondrial division and mitophagy. Ultimately, the co-exposure led to mitochondrial damage in the zebrafish brain. Damaged mitochondria may not meet the high energy metabolic requirement for neuronal function. As a result, the normal function of nerve cells was adversely affected and eventually cell apoptosis may occur. Besides, the co-exposure caused more significant structural alterations in zebrafish brain tissue. Finally, the co-exposure of NPs and As caused abnormal biosynthesis and degradation of dopamine and acetylcholine. These resulted in decreased dopamine levels and increased acetylcholine levels in zebrafish brains. In conclusion, the presence of NPs promoted the accumulation of As, thereby inducing severe oxidative stress, which caused structural alterations and mitochondrial damage in the zebrafish brain, thus disordering neuromodulation, which may ultimately cause neurological dysfunction in zebrafish. This study will provide a risk assessment for evaluating the biotoxicity of NPs and As to fish and even other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Limin Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qinfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
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Rachamalla M, Chinthada J, Kushwaha S, Putnala SK, Sahu C, Jena G, Niyogi S. Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120744. [PMID: 36548577 PMCID: PMC9784647 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a poisonous metalloid that is toxic to both humans and animals. Drinking water contamination has been linked to the development of cancer (skin, lung, urinary bladder, and liver), as well as other disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and developmental damage. According to epidemiological studies, As contributes to male infertility, sexual dysfunction, poor sperm quality, and developmental consequences such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and small for gestational age (SGA). Arsenic exposure negatively affected male reproductive systems by lowering testicular and accessory organ weights, and sperm counts, increasing sperm abnormalities and causing apoptotic cell death in Leydig and Sertoli cells, which resulted in decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, during male reproductive toxicity, several molecular signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy are involved. Phytonutrient intervention in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in various species has received a lot of attention over the years. The current review provides an in-depth summary of the available literature on arsenic-induced male toxicity, as well as therapeutic approaches and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Joshi Chinthada
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Putnala
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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Rahman HH, Niemann D, Yusuf KK. Association of urinary arsenic and sleep disorder in the US population: NHANES 2015-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5496-5504. [PMID: 34420169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a known carcinogen and neurotoxin and is found in the natural earth crust. Arsenic exposure can develop depression, memory dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disorder. The mechanism of arsenic toxicity on the nervous system is not known. There is a lack of research on the association between arsenic exposure and sleep disturbance in humans. This study aims to investigate the relationship between six types of urinary speciated arsenic exposure and sleep disturbance in adults from the general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 dataset. Sleep disturbance was measured using self-reported questionnaires, asking participants if they had ever told a doctor they had trouble sleeping. We utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis using complex survey procedures to examine the association between six types of urinary arsenic concentration and trouble sleeping. The total sample included 1,611 adults who were 20 years and older. Of the study participants, 30.0% had trouble sleeping. Compared to individuals with urinary arsenous acid below the lower level of detection (LLOD), those with urinary arsenous acid at or above the detection limit had lower odds of trouble sleeping [odds ratio: 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.51-1.00, p-value: 0.05)]. The other five types of urinary speciated arsenic studied (arsenic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid) were not associated with a sleep disorder. More studies are required to confirm or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Niemann
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Korede K Yusuf
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA
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Salkov VN, Voronkov DN, Khudoerkov RM. [The role of mercury and arsenic in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:59-64. [PMID: 36178224 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228405159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of literature data on the toxic effects of mercury and arsenic on the human brain and their relationship with the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases is presented. In the first case, the toxic effect of mercury and arsenic on the brain stimulates oxidative stress, which leads to the formation of free oxygen species and a decrease in the antioxidant defense of neurons. In the second case, the harmful effect of mercury changes the structure and properties of β-amyloid, and the toxic effect of arsenic contributes to its accumulation. In the pathogenesis of the diseases under consideration, particular importance is attached to the reaction of astrocytes that initiate neuroinflammation, which is also characteristic of mercury and arsenic intoxication. Considering that the symptoms recorded during intoxication with mercury and arsenic are in many respects similar to those of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and their pathogenetic mechanisms (oxidative stress and neuroinflammation) coincide, then the toxic effects of mercury and arsenic in neurodegenerative diseases analyzed in this review can be characterized as the influence of the most significant risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Salkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Brain Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Voronkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Brain Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - R M Khudoerkov
- Research Center of Neurology, Brain Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Huang CH, Wang CW, Chen HC, Tu HP, Chen SC, Hung CH, Kuo CH. Gender Difference in the Associations among Heavy Metals with Red Blood Cell Hemogram. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010189. [PMID: 35010453 PMCID: PMC8750598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the association between heavy metals and hemograms including hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). A health survey of 2447 participants was conducted in southern Taiwan between June 2016 and September 2018. Seven heavy metals were measured: blood lead (Pb), urine nickel (Ni), urine chromium (Cr), urine manganese, urine arsenic (As), urine copper and urine cadmium (Cd). The results show that in females, Pb and Ni were significantly negatively associated with Hgb. In addition, As and Cd were significantly positively, and Pb and Ni were significantly negatively, associated with MCV, in males and females, respectively. The interactions between gender and Ni and gender and Cd in MCV were statistically significant. Further, Pb, in males, and Pb, Ni and Cr, in females, were significantly negatively associated with MCHC. In conclusion, in females, associations of red blood cell (RBC) hemograms with heavy metals such as Pb and Ni were found. In males, heavy metals such as Pb, As and Cd were found to associate with RBC hemograms. Further research is warranted to discuss the mechanism behind these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsin Huang
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Thakur M, Rachamalla M, Niyogi S, Datusalia AK, Flora SJS. Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810077. [PMID: 34576240 PMCID: PMC8471829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various types of cancers, coronary and neurological ailments in human. There are several sources of arsenic exposure such as drinking water, diet, wood preservatives, smoking, air and cosmetics, while, drinking water is the most explored route. Inorganic arsenic exhibits higher levels of toxicity compared its organic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects. The present review focuses on the epidemiology, and the toxic mechanisms responsible for arsenic induced neurobehavioral diseases, including strategies for its management from water, community and household premises. The review also provides a critical analysis of epigenetic and transgenerational modifications, mitochondrial oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.R.); (S.N.)
- Toxicology Centre, Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Resveratrol attenuates arsenic-induced cognitive deficits via modulation of Estrogen-NMDAR-BDNF signalling pathway in female mouse hippocampus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2485-2502. [PMID: 34050381 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure induces deleterious effects on CNS including oxidative stress, cognitive deficits and altered brain neurochemistry. Little is known about the association between iAs and estrogen receptor expression in brain regions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Owing to the neuroprotective and estrogenic activities of resveratrol (RES), we examined the combined effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and RES on neurobehavioural functions, estrogen signalling and associated neurochemical changes in mouse hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS As2O3 alone (2 and 4 mg/kg bw) or along with RES (40 mg/kg bw) was administered orally for 45 days to adult female mice. From days 33 to 45, open field, elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were conducted to evaluate locomotion, anxiety and learning and memory. On day 46, animals were euthanized and brain tissue and hippocampi obtained therefrom were processed for atomic absorption spectrophotometry and western blotting respectively. RESULTS As2O3 alone exposure resulted in enhanced anxiety levels, reduced locomotion and impaired learning and memory. As2O3-induced behavioural deficits were accompanied by downregulation of estrogen receptor (ERα) expression with a concomitant reduction of BDNF and NMDAR 2B levels in the hippocampus. However, the behavioural alterations and expression of these markers were restored in RES-supplemented mice. Moreover, a dose-dependent iAs accumulation was observed in serum and brain tissues of mice receiving As2O3 alone whereas simultaneous administration of As2O3 with RES facilitated iAs efflux. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that reduced ERα expression with associated downregulation of BDNF and NMDAR 2B levels could be a mechanism by which iAs induces cognitive impairment; hence, the modulation of estrogen-NMDAR-BDNF pathway by RES represents a potential avenue to recover behavioural deficits induced by this neurotoxin.
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Peruru R, Dodoala S. Therapeutic potential of diosmin, a citrus flavonoid against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity via suppression of NOX 4 and its subunits. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:132-142. [PMID: 34100397 PMCID: PMC8265410 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_837_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Water contaminated with arsenic affected millions of people worldwide and arsenic exposure is related to various neurological disorders. Hence, the current study was planned to investigate the neuroprotective activity of diosmin (DSN) against arsenic induced neurotoxicity as an attempt to identify therapeutic intervention to combat arsenicism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sodium arsenite an inducer of neurotoxicity was administered orally (13 mg/kg) and DSN treatment at two selected doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) was done for 21 days. Behavioral and biochemical variations were examined by various parameters. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies were done with the brain sections. RESULTS: The behavioral studies evidenced that arsenic has suppressed the exploratory behavior and motor coordination in rats and DSN treatment has recovered the behavioral changes to normal. Arsenic administration has also found to induce oxidative stress and DSN co-treatment has ameliorated the oxidative stress markers. Interestingly, depleted levels of neurotransmitters were observed with the arsenic and it was restored back by the DSN treatment. Histopathological alterations like pyknosis of the neuronal cells were identified with arsenic exposure and subsided upon DSN co administration. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed the expression of NOX4 and its gp91phox and P47phox subunits and its suppression by DSN treatment may be the key therapeutic factor of it. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with DSN showed a beneficial effect in protecting against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing the toxicity changes and the antioxidant effect of DSN might be attributed to its ability of suppressing NOX4 and its subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupasree Peruru
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Desai G, Barg G, Vahter M, Queirolo EI, Peregalli F, Mañay N, Millen AE, Yu J, Kordas K. Executive functions in school children from Montevideo, Uruguay and their associations with concurrent low-level arsenic exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105883. [PMID: 32599352 PMCID: PMC10927015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arsenic is a known childhood neurotoxicant, but its neurotoxicity at low exposure levels is still not well established. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to test the association between low-level arsenic exposure and executive functions (EF) among children in Montevideo. We also assessed effect modification by arsenic methylation capacity, a susceptibility factor for the health effects of arsenic, and by B-vitamin intake, which impacts arsenic methylation. METHODS Arsenic exposure was assessed as the specific gravity-adjusted sum of urinary arsenic metabolites (U-As) among 255 ~ 7 year-old children, and methylation capacity as the proportion of urinary monomethylarsonic acid (%MMA). Arsenic concentrations from kitchen water samples at participants' homes were assessed. B-vitamin intake was calculated from the average of two 24-hour dietary recalls. EF was measured using three tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery- Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional shift task (IED), and Spatial Span (SSP). Generalized linear models assessed the association between U-As and EF measures; models were adjusted for age, sex, maternal education, possessions score, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory score, season, and school clusters. Additional analyses were conducted to address issues of residual confounding and sample size. A "B-vitamin index" was calculated using principal component analysis. Effect modification by the index and urinary %MMA was assessed in strata split at the respective medians of these variables. RESULTS The median (range) U-As and water arsenic levels were 9.9 µg/L (2.2, 47.7) and 0.45 µg/L (0.1, 18.9) respectively, indicating that exposure originated mainly from other sources. U-As was inversely associated with the number of stages completed (β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.002) and pre-executive shift errors (β = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.02) of the IED task, and span length of the SSP task (β = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.004). There was no clear pattern of effect modification by B-vitamin intake or urinary %MMA. CONCLUSION Low-level arsenic exposure may adversely affect executive function among children but additional, including longitudinal, studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Desai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neurocognition, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Elena I Queirolo
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Peregalli
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jihnhee Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, USA
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Fondjo LA, Addai‑Mensah O, Annani-Akollor ME, Quarshie JT, Boateng AA, Assafuah SE, Owiredu EW. A multicenter study of the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and anemia among pregnant women at first antenatal care visit in Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238077. [PMID: 32822409 PMCID: PMC7444479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in Africa and Ghana and has been associated with a variety of pregnancy-related adverse complications. The development of effective and timely health policies for the prevention and control of malaria and anemia in pregnancy; requires current and consistent data on the prevalence and risk factors. We report the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and anemia from three major hospitals across three regions in Ghana. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study comprising a total of 628 pregnant women was conducted at the antenatal care units of the Achimota Hospital in the Greater Accra Region (n = 199), St. Michael's Hospital in the Ashanti Region (n = 221), and Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital in the Western Region (n = 211). Questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic, obstetrics and clinical data. Venous blood, stool and urine samples were collected for hematological profile and parasite identification using microscopy. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall prevalence of P. falciparum malaria was 8.9%. Factors independently associated with malaria were self-reported mosquito exposure (moderate exposure: aOR = 3.11, 95% CI (1.12-8.61) and severe exposure: aOR = 10.46, 95% CI (3.86-28.34)) and non-use mosquito repellents (aOR = 3.29, 95% CI (1.70-6.39)). Multiparty (parity of 2: aOR = 0.19, 95% CI (0.05-0.70) and parity ≥3: aOR = 0.11, 95% CI (0.03-0.45)) and age (20-30 years old: aOR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.09-0.56)) reduced the odds of infection. The overall prevalence of anemia was 42.4%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia were 35.7%, 6.1% and 0.6%, respectively. The use of water other than purified water (tap water: aOR = 3.05, 95% CI (2.06-4.51) and well water: aOR = 2.45, 95% CI (1.35-4.44)), increasing gestational age (second trimester: aOR = 2.05, 95% CI (1.41-2.97) and third trimester: aOR = 7.20, 95% CI (3.06-16.92)) and malaria (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI (1.27-4.53)) were independent risk factors for anemia. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of malaria is relatively low, that of anemia remains high. We recommend increasing efforts to make ITNs more available to strengthen malaria prevention. Public health education programs could help improve uptake and proper use of ITNs. To help reduce anemia in pregnancy, women should be empowered economically and interventions that reduce malnutrition should be encouraged. Women should be educated on early initiation of antenatal care to enhance surveillance, identification and treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Otchere Addai‑Mensah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jude Tetteh Quarshie
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Abrafi Boateng
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ernest Assafuah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Pashazadeh‐Panahi P, Hasanzadeh M, Eivazzadeh‐Keihan R. A novel optical probe based on
d
‐penicillamine‐functionalized graphene quantum dots: Preparation and application as signal amplification element to minoring of ions in human biofluid. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2828. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh‐Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
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Dixit S, Mehra RD, Dhar P. Effect of α-lipoic acid on spatial memory and structural integrity of developing hippocampal neurons in rats subjected to sodium arsenite exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103323. [PMID: 31935550 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic has been reported to affect the nervous system in a number of ways. Various epidemiological studies suggest cognitive impairment in subjects following exposure to environmental arsenic. The goal of the present study was to determine if supplementation of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) could ameliorate sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced adverse effects on learning and memory and synaptic connectivity in rat hippocampus. METHODS Accordingly, NaAsO2 alone (1.5/2.0 mg/kg bw) or NaAsO2 along with ALA (70 mg/kg bw) was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route from postnatal day (PND) 4-17 to Wistar rat pups (experimental groups) and the Control groups received either distilled water or no treatment at all. After carrying out Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, the fresh brain tissues were collected on PND 18 and processed for Golgi Cox staining. RESULTS Observations of MWM test revealed impaired learning and memory in iAs alone treated animals as against those co-exposed to iAs and ALA. In Golgi stained hippocampal sections of iAs alone treated animals, decreased dendritic arborization and reduced number of spines in pyramidal neurons (CA1) and granule cells (DG) was observed whereas neuronal morphology was preserved in the controls and ALA supplemented groups CONCLUSIONS: These observations are suggestive of beneficial effects of ALA on iAs induced effects on learning and memory as well as on hippocampal neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Dixit
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raj D Mehra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Pushpa Dhar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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14
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Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Arsenic Methylation Metabolism and Efflux in Human Hepatocytes L-02. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3924581. [PMID: 31355259 PMCID: PMC6637718 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3924581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidins (PC) on arsenic methylation metabolism and efflux in human hepatocytes (L-02), as well as the relationships between PC and GSH, MRP1 and other molecules. Cells were randomly divided into blank control group, arsenic trioxide exposure group (ATO, As2O3, 25μmol/L), and PC-treated arsenic exposure group (10, 25, 50mg/L). After 24/48h, the contents of different forms of arsenic were determined, and the methylation indexes were calculated. Intracellular S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were ascertained. Changing trends were observed and the correlation between arsenic metabolism and efflux related factors and arsenic metabolites was analyzed. We observed that cells showed increased levels of content/constituent ratio of methyl arsenic, primary/secondary methylation index, methylation growth efficiency/rate, and the difference of methyl arsenic content in cells and culture medium (P<0.05, resp.). Compared with ATO exposure group, the intracellular SAM content in PC-treated group decreased, and the contents of GSH, AS3MT, and MRP1 increased (P<0.05, resp.). There was a positive correlation between the content of intracellular GSH/AS3MT and methyl arsenic. The content of MRP1 was positively correlated with the difference of methyl arsenic content in cell and culture medium; conversely, the SAM content was negatively correlated with intracellular methyl arsenic content (P<0.05, resp.). Taken together, these results prove that PC can promote arsenic methylation metabolism and efflux in L-02 cells, which may be related to the upregulation of GSH, MRP1, and AS3MT levels by PC.
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Arcega-Cabrera F, Fargher L, Quesadas-Rojas M, Moo-Puc R, Oceguera-Vargas I, Noreña-Barroso E, Yáñez-Estrada L, Alvarado J, González L, Pérez-Herrera N, Pérez-Medina S. Environmental Exposure of Children to Toxic Trace Elements (Hg, Cr, As) in an Urban Area of Yucatan, Mexico: Water, Blood, and Urine Levels. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:620-626. [PMID: 29508017 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Merida is the largest urban center in the Mexican State of Yucatan. Here domestic sewage is deposited in poorly built septic tanks and is not adequately treated. Because of contamination from such waste, water from the top 20 m of the aquifer is unsuitable for human consumption. Given this situation and because children are highly vulnerable to environmental pollution, including exposure to toxic trace elements, this study focused on evaluating the exposure of children to arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) in water. It also evaluated the relationship between the levels of these elements in water and their concentrations in urine and blood. Among the 33 children monitored in the study, arsenic surpassed WHO limits for blood in 37% of the cases, which could result from the ingestion of poultry contaminated with organoarsenic compounds. In the case of WHO limits for Mercury, 65% of the water samples analyzed, 28% of urine samples, and 12% of blood samples exceeded them. Mercury exposure was correlated with biological sex, some lifestyle factors, and the zone in Merida in which children live. These data suggest that the levels of some toxic metals in children may be affected by water source, socioeconomic factors, and individual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, 97355, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - L Fargher
- Ecología Humana, CINVESTAV-IPN Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Mérida, 97310, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M Quesadas-Rojas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, 97355, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R Moo-Puc
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Ignacio García Téllez" Mérida, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, Col. Industrial, Mérida, 97150, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - I Oceguera-Vargas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, 97355, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, 97355, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Yáñez-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78210, Mexico
| | - J Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, Mérida, 97100, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, Mérida, 97100, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - N Pérez-Herrera
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzaes No. 498 x 59-A, Colonia Centro, Mérida, 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S Pérez-Medina
- Ecología Humana, CINVESTAV-IPN Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Mérida, 97310, Yucatán, Mexico
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Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Anis E, Ahmad M, Afzal M. Ellagic acid attenuates arsenic induced neuro-inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction associated apoptosis. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:411-417. [PMID: 29854611 PMCID: PMC5978009 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid mitigates arsenic mediated genotoxicity in rat brain hippocampi. Ellagic acid ameliorates arsenic induced exacerbation in levels of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat brain hippocampi. Ellagic acid has the propensity to modulate mRNA expression of BAX, Bcl2 and caspase3, suggestive of its neuroprotective efficacy.
Arsenic, being a global pollutant needs a potential remedy which could fight against its associated toxicities. Ellagic acid (EA) is a known agent for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, and it is commonly found in fruits. The present study is designed to determine protective efficacy of EA against arsenic induced toxicity with special mention to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampi of wistar rats. Rats were pre-treated with EA (20 and 40 mg/kg b.wt; p.o. for 11 days) along with arsenic (10 mg/kg; p.o. for 8 days). Total reactive oxygen species level and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed using flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expression of apoptotic and inflammatory markers were also evaluated in rat hippocampus. Our results show that arsenic exposure increased total ROS generation and DNA fragmentation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential alongwith an increase in expression of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory markers. suggesting that EA complementation downregulated total ROS generation dose dependently. Apoptotic markers, BAX and Bcl2 as well as inflammatory markers, IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ got altered significantly on its administration. Moreover, it also attenuated effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. Based on our findings, EA might substantiate to be a budding therapeutic candidate against arsenic induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakiha Firdaus
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ehraz Anis
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Arcega-Cabrera F, Fargher LF, Oceguera-Vargas I, Noreña-Barroso E, Yánez-Estrada L, Alvarado J, González L, Moo-Puc R, Pérez-Herrera N, Quesadas-Rojas M, Pérez-Medina S. Water Consumption as Source of Arsenic, Chromium, and Mercury in Children Living in Rural Yucatan, Mexico: Blood and Urine Levels. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:452-459. [PMID: 28776191 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the correlation between metal content in water and metal levels in children are scarce worldwide, but especially in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigates the correlation between arsenic, chromium, and mercury concentrations in drinking and cooking water and in blood and urine samples collected from healthy and supposedly non-exposed children from a rural area in Yucatan, Mexico. Mercury in water shows concentrations above the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) value for drinking and cooking water. Also, 25% of the children show mercury in urine above the WHO recommended value. Multivariate analyses show a significant role for drinking and cooking water as a vector of exposure in children. Also, the factor analysis shows chronic exposure in the case of arsenic, as well as an ongoing detoxification process through urine in the case of mercury. Further studies should be done in order to determine other potential metal exposure pathways among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - L F Fargher
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - I Oceguera-Vargas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Yánez-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R Moo-Puc
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Ignacio García Téllez" Mérida, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, Col. Industrial, 97150, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - N Pérez-Herrera
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzaes No. 498 x 59-A, Colonia Centro, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M Quesadas-Rojas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S Pérez-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Kumar MR, Reddy GR. Influence of age on arsenic-induced behavioral and cholinergic perturbations: Amelioration with zinc and α-tocopherol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:295-308. [PMID: 29233033 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117698540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to determine arsenic (As) (10 mg/kg body weight given through oral gavage) induced behavioral and cholinergic perturbations in three different age groups of rats; young (postnatal day 21), adult (3 months), and aged (18 months) at 7 days post-acute exposure ( n = 6 for each of the four groups of all three age points). Further, we also evaluated the ameliorative effect of essential metal zinc (Zn; 0.02% through drinking water) and an antioxidant, α-tocopherol (vitamin E; 125 mg/kg body weight through oral gavage) against As-induced neurotoxicity. As exposure showed significant alterations in behavioral functions (open-field behavior, total locomotor activity, grip strength, exploratory behavior, and water maze learning). Cholinergic studies in three brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) of different age groups also showed significant increase in acetylcholine levels and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. These effects were more pronounced in hippocampus followed by cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Among the three different age points, aged animals were found to be more vulnerable to the As-induced toxicity as compared to young and adult animals suggesting that As neurotoxicity is age dependent. These As-induced alterations were significantly reversed following supplementation with Zn or vitamin E. However, vitamin E was found to elicit greater protection as compared to Zn in restoring the altered behavioral and cholinergic perturbations, providing evidence for As-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kumar
- 1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G R Reddy
- 1 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mao G, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang W, Wu X, Feng W, Cobbina SJ, Huang J, Zhang Z, Xu H, Yang L, Wu X. Neurological Toxicity of Individual and Mixtures of Low Dose Arsenic, Mono and Di (n-butyl) Phthalates on Sub-Chronic Exposure to Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:183-93. [PMID: 26257159 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of individual and mixtures of di(n-butyl) phthalates (DBP) and their active metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and arsenic (As) on spatial cognition associated with hippocampal apoptosis in mice. Mice were exposed, individually or in combination, to DBP (50 mg/kg body weight, intragastrically), MBP (50 mg/kg body weight, intragastrically), and As (10 mg/L, per os) for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze test showed that mice exposed to DBP/MBP combined with As exhibited longer escape latencies and the lower average number of crossing the platform. The As content in the hippocampus after As exposure increased as compared to those without As exposure. In mice exposed to DBP/MBP combined with As, pathological alterations and oxidative damage to the hippocampus were found. Expression of apoptosis-related protein: Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the hippocampus, while there was no significant change in expression of Bcl-2. The results suggested that DBP and MBP combined with As can induce spatial cognitive deficits through altering the expression of apoptosis-related protein and As played a critical role in cognition impairments. And the joint exposure has antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Samuel Jerry Cobbina
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Kile ML, Faraj JM, Ronnenberg AG, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mostofa G, Afroz S, Christiani DC. A cross sectional study of anemia and iron deficiency as risk factors for arsenic-induced skin lesions in Bangladeshi women. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:158. [PMID: 26880234 PMCID: PMC4754934 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Ganges Delta, chronic arsenic poisoning is a health concern affecting millions of people who rely on groundwater as their potable water source. The prevalence of anemia is also high in this region, particularly among women. Moreover, arsenic is known to affect heme synthesis and erythrocytes and the risk of arsenic-induced skin lesions appears to differ by sex. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in 147 arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi women to assess the association between anemia and arsenic-induced skin lesions. RESULTS We observed that the odds of arsenic-related skin lesions were approximately three times higher among women who were anemic (hemoglobin < 120 g/L) compared to women with normal hemoglobin levels [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.32, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.29, 8.52] after adjusting for arsenic levels in drinking water and other covariates. Furthermore, 75% of the women with anemia had adequate iron stores (serum ferritin ≥ 12 μg/L), suggesting that the majority of anemia detected in this population was unrelated to iron depletion. CONCLUSIONS Considering the magnitude of arsenic exposure and prevalence of anemia in Bangladeshi women, additional research is warranted that identifies the causes of anemia so that effective interventions can be implemented while arsenic remediation efforts continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 15 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Joycelyn M Faraj
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Alayne G Ronnenberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Quazi Quamruzzaman
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190/1 Baro Moghbazar, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mahmudar Rahman
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190/1 Baro Moghbazar, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Golam Mostofa
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190/1 Baro Moghbazar, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Sakila Afroz
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190/1 Baro Moghbazar, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
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Agrawal S, Bhatnagar P, Flora S. Changes in tissue oxidative stress, brain biogenic amines and acetylcholinesterase following co-exposure to lead, arsenic and mercury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
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Sánchez-Virosta P, Espín S, García-Fernández AJ, Eeva T. A review on exposure and effects of arsenic in passerine birds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:506-525. [PMID: 25644847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arsenic (As) is a metalloid of high concern because of its toxic effects for plants and animals. However, it is hard to find information on this metalloid in passerines. This review presents a comprehensive overview of As exposure and effects in birds, and more particularly in passerines, as a result of an extensive search of the literature available. Internal tissues are the most frequently analyzed matrices for As determination in passerines (37.5% of the reviewed studies used internal tissues), followed by feathers and eggs (32.5% each), feces (27.5%), and finally blood (15%). A clear tendency is found in recent years to the use of non-destructive samples. Most studies on As concentrations in passerines have been done in great tit (Parus major; 50%), followed by pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca; 22.5%). Some factors such as diet and migratory status are crucial on the interspecific differences in As exposure. More studies are needed to elucidate if intraspecific factors like age or gender affect As concentrations in different tissues. The literature review shows that studies on As concentrations in passerines have been done mainly in the United States (30%), followed by Belgium (22.5%), and Finland (20%), making evident the scarce or even lack of information in some countries, so we recommend further research in order to overcome the data gap, particularly in the southern hemisphere. Studies on humans, laboratory animals and birds have found a wide range of effects on different organ systems when they are exposed to different forms of As. This review shows that few field studies on As exposure and effects in passerines have been done, and all of them are correlative so far. Arsenic manipulation experiments on passerines are recommended to explore the adverse effects of As in free-living populations at similar levels to those occurring in the environment. CAPSULE This review summarizes the most interesting published studies on As exposure and effects in passerines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sánchez-Virosta
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - S Espín
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - T Eeva
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Matsukawa T, Shinohara A, Ohtani K. The Relation of Maternal Blood Arsenic to Anemia During Pregnancy. Women Health 2015; 55:42-57. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2014.972016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Jones OAH, Dias DA, Callahan DL, Kouremenos KA, Beale DJ, Roessner U. The use of metabolomics in the study of metals in biological systems. Metallomics 2015; 7:29-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and systems biology/toxicology can elucidate novel pathways and mechanistic networks of metals and metalloids in biological systems, as well as providing useful biomarkers of the metal status of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Metabolomics Australia
- School of Botany
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Melbourne VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Konstantinos A. Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - David J. Beale
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
- Land and Water
- Highett, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia
- School of Botany
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
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Changes in rat urinary porphyrin profiles predict the magnitude of the neurotoxic effects induced by a mixture of lead, arsenic and manganese. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Zhu H, Jia Y, Cao H, Meng F, Liu X. Biochemical and histopathological effects of subchronic oral exposure of rats to a mixture of five toxic elements. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vijayakaran K, Kesavan M, Kannan K, Sankar P, Tandan SK, Sarkar SN. Arsenic decreases antinociceptive activity of paracetamol: possible involvement of serotonergic and endocannabinoid receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:397-405. [PMID: 25128769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether repeated arsenic exposure can decrease paracetamol-mediated antinociception by modulating serotonergic and endocannabinoid pathways. Rats were preexposed to elemental arsenic (4ppm) as sodium arsenite through drinking water for 28 days. Next day paracetamol's (400mg/kg, oral) antinociceptive activity was assessed through formalin-induced nociception. Serotonin content and gene expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and CB1 receptors were evaluated in brainstem and frontal cortex. Arsenic decreased paracetamol-mediated analgesia. Paracetamol, but not arsenic, increased serotonin content in these regions. Arsenic attenuated paracetamol-mediated increase in serotonin level. Paracetamol did not alter 5-HT1A expression, but caused down-regulation of 5-HT2A and up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Arsenic down-regulated these receptors. However, paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A was more pronounced. Arsenic did not modify paracetamol's effect on 5-HT1A expression, but reduced paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A and reversed up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Results suggest arsenic reduced paracetamol-induced analgesia possibly by interfering with pronociceptive 5-HT2A and antinociceptive CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakaran Vijayakaran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Kannan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanisamy Sankar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souvendra Nath Sarkar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yu CW, Liao VHC. Arsenite induces neurotoxic effects on AFD neurons via oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metallomics 2014; 6:1824-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Neslund-Dudas C, Levin AM, Rundle A, Beebe-Dimmer J, Bock CH, Nock NL, Jankowski M, Datta I, Krajenta R, Dou QP, Mitra B, Tang D, Rybicki BA. Case-only gene-environment interaction between ALAD tagSNPs and occupational lead exposure in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:637-46. [PMID: 24500903 PMCID: PMC4112406 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black men have historically had higher blood lead levels than white men in the U.S. and have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Inorganic lead has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. Lead (Pb) inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), a gene recently implicated in other genitourinary cancers. The ALAD enzyme is involved in the second step of heme biosynthesis and is an endogenous inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, a master system for protein degradation and a current target of cancer therapy. METHODS Using a case-only study design, we assessed potential gene-environment (G × E) interactions between lifetime occupational Pb exposure and 11 tagSNPs within ALAD in black (N = 260) and white (N = 343) prostate cancer cases. RESULTS Two ALAD tagSNPs in high linkage disequilibrium showed significant interaction with high Pb exposure among black cases (rs818684 interaction odds ratio or IOR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.43-5.22, P = 0.002; rs818689 IOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.15-4.21, P = 0.017) and an additional tagSNP, rs2761016, showed G × E interaction with low Pb exposure (IOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.13-3.84, P = 0.019). Further, the variant allele of rs818684 was associated with a higher Gleason grade in those with high Pb exposure among both blacks (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.01-15.46, P = 0.048) and whites (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.18-7.39, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation in ALAD may modify associations between Pb and prostate cancer. Additional studies of ALAD, Pb, and prostate cancer are warranted and should include black men. Prostate 74:637-646, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Prevention Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Prevention Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer
- Population Studies and Prevention Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cathryn H. Bock
- Population Studies and Prevention Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nora L. Nock
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle Jankowski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Richard Krajenta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Developmental Therapeutics Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bharati Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NewYork, NewYork
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Prevention Programs, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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31
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Ram Kumar M, Flora SJS, Reddy GR. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid attenuates arsenic induced toxicity: behavioral and neurochemical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:231-242. [PMID: 23644418 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with skin lesions, neurological effects, hypertension and high risk of cancer. The treatment in use at present employs administration of thiol chelators, such as meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) which are compromised with number of limitations due to their lipophobic nature. To address this problem, therapeutic efficacy of monoisoamyl meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA), an analog of DMSA having lipophilic character, was examined against chronic arsenic poisoning in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were orally exposed to arsenic (2mg sodium arsenite/kg body weight) for 10 weeks followed by treatment with MiADMSA (50mg/kg, orally, once daily for 5 consecutive days). As-exposed rats showed significant differences in behavioral functions (open field behavior, total locomotor activity, grip strength and exploratory behavior) and water maze learning. Further, the biochemical studies performed on three brain regions (cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus) also showed significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with a concomitant decrease in the oxidative stress marker enzymes Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The alterations were more pronounced in cortex compared to cerebellum and hippocampus. The results showed that MiADMSA significantly reversed the As-induced alterations in behavior and biochemical variables suggestive of oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ram Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Arsenic induced neuronal apoptosis in guinea pigs is Ca2+ dependent and abrogated by chelation therapy: role of voltage gated calcium channels. Neurotoxicology 2013; 35:137-45. [PMID: 23376091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contaminated drinking water has affected more than 200 million people globally. Chronic arsenicism has also been associated with numerous neurological diseases. One of the prime mechanisms postulated for arsenic toxicity is reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidative stress. In this study, we explored the kinetic relationship of ROS with calcium and attempted to dissect the calcium ion channels responsible for calcium imbalance after arsenic exposure. We also explored if mono- or combinational chelation therapy prevents arsenic-induced (25ppm in drinking water for 4 months) neuronal apoptosis in a guinea pig animal model. Results indicate that chronic arsenic exposure caused a significant increase in ROS followed by NO and calcium influx. This calcium influx is mainly dependent on L-type voltage gated channels that disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, increase bax/bcl2 levels and caspase 3 activity leading to apoptosis. Interestingly, blocking of ROS could completely reduce calcium influx whereas calcium blockage partially reduced ROS increase. While in general mono- and combinational chelation therapies were effective in reversing arsenic induced alteration, combinational therapy of DMSA and MiADMSA was most effective. Our results provide evidence for the role of L-type calcium channels in regulating arsenic-induced calcium influx and DMSA+MiADMSA combinational therapy may be a better protocol than monotherapy in mitigating chronic arsenicosis.
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Abarikwu SO. Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury: Occurrence, Toxicity and Diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Protective Effect of Taurine on Down-Regulated Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Genes in Brains of Mice Exposed to Arsenic. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 775:155-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bin Sayeed MS, Ratan M, Hossen F, Hassan F, Faisal M, Kadir MF. Arsenosugar induced blood and brain oxidative stress, DNA damage and neurobehavioral impairments. Neurochem Res 2012. [PMID: 23184187 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Arsenosugar on motor function and contextual memory-related to place and event; the extent of DNA damage and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice was investigated. Passive avoidance test was used for memory test; rota motor test was used for motor function. Several biochemical parameters were used for assessing oxidative stress due to arsenosugar ingestion. Decreased passive avoidance time and decreased retention time in rotating rod indicated disruption of normal neurobehavior. Significant dose-dependent DNA damage was found in mice blood and brain. Decreased super oxide dismutase, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased protein sulfohydryl content, increased protein carbonyl content in blood and hippocampal tissue; glutathione in blood and glutathione peroxidase in hippocampal tissue indicated the ability of arsenosugar to cause oxidative stress. This study concludes with evidence that arsenosugar ingestion causes higher oxidative stress, increases DNA damage in the blood and hippocampus in vivo. This might be responsible for the dysfunction of cognitive and motor functions. However, further investigation is suggested for deciphering the biomolecular mechanism.
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Monensin potentiates lead chelation efficacy of MiADMSA in rat brain post chronic lead exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4449-60. [PMID: 22982480 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates combination therapy with a chelating agent, MiADMSA and a Na(+) ionophore, monensin against sub-chronic lead toxicity in rats. Animals were exposed to 0.1% lead in drinking water for 16 weeks and then treated with either MiADMSA at 50mg/kg body weight, or monensin at 10mg/kg, or both in combination for a period of 5 days was administered. Biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress like ROS, GSH, GSSG and TBARS demonstrated lead-induced toxic manifestations in blood, kidney and brain. Antioxidants like SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase along with specific lead biomarker, blood ALAD were also severely depleted in lead intoxicated animals. Serum parameters and histopathological findings supported the said results. MiADMSA treatment during both mono- and combination therapy with monensin, restored the antioxidant status and recovered biochemical and haematological variables due to lead. However, monensin alone was not found to be effective in the given scenario. Interestingly, combination therapy in its ability to revert lead-induced overall systemic toxicity was only found at par with the MiADMSA monotherapy except for its chelation potential. Monensin given in combination with MiADMSA potentiated its lead chelation ability especially from brain, along with maintaining the normal copper concentrations in the organ unlike MiADMSA monotherapy.
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Baldissarelli LA, Capiotti KM, Bogo MR, Ghisleni G, Bonan CD. Arsenic alters behavioral parameters and brain ectonucleotidases activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:566-72. [PMID: 22265774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure has been associated with serious chronic health risk to humans including cancer and neurological disturbances. However, there are limited studies about the mechanisms behind its toxicity. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to several concentrations of As (0.05, 5, and 15 mg As/L; Na(2)HAsO(4) as As(V)) during 96 h to evaluate the zebrafish locomotor activity, anxiety, and brain extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis. We showed that 5 mg/L As is able to promote significant decrease in the locomotor activity as evaluated by the number of line crossings. In addition, animals treated with 5mg/L As presented an increase in time spent in the lower zone of the tank test, suggesting an anxiogenic effect. Considering that behavioral parameters, such as anxiety and locomotion, might be modulated by the purinergic system, we also evaluated the ectonucleotidase activities in zebrafish brain after a 96-h As exposure. A significant decrease in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis was observed at 0.05, 5, and 15 mg/L when compared to control group. These findings demonstrated that As might affect behavioral parameters and the ectonucleotidase activities in zebrafish, suggesting this enzyme pathway is a target for neurotoxic effects induced by As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Baldissarelli
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Messarah M, Saoudi M, Boumendjel A, Kadeche L, Boulakoud MS, Feki AE. Green tea extract alleviates arsenic-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:349-59. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711433934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea (GT, Camellia sinensis) leaves against arsenic (NaAsO2)-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation production in experimental rats. The treatment with arsenic exhibited a significant increase in some serum hepatic and renal biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea and creatinine). But the co-administration of GT has increased the level of plasmatic concentration of biochemical parameters. Exposure of rats to arsenic caused also a significant increase in liver, kidney and testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to control. However, the co-administration of GT was effective in reducing its level. To conclude, our data suggest that arsenic exposure enhanced an oxidative stress by disturbing the tissue antioxidant defense system, but the GT co-administration alleviates the toxicity induced by arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoud Messarah
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Algeria
| | - Mongi Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Algeria
| | - Lilia Kadeche
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Algeria
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Pari L, Mohamed Jalaludeen A. Protective role of sinapic acid against arsenic: induced toxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:40-7. [PMID: 21864513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic compounds are classified as toxicants and human carcinogens. Environmental exposure to arsenic imposes a big health issue worldwide. Sinapic acid is a phenylpropanoid compound and is found in various herbal materials and high-bran cereals. It has been reported that sinapic acid has antioxidant efficacy as metal chelators due to the orientation of functional groups. However, it has not yet been examined in experimental animals. In light of this fact, the purpose of this study was to characterize the protective role of sinapic acid against arsenic induced toxicity in rats. Rats were orally treated with arsenic alone (5mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) plus sinapic acid at different doses (10, 20 and 40mg/kg bw/day) for 30days. Hepatotoxicity was measured by the increased activities of serum hepatospecific enzymes namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin along with increased elevation of lipid peroxidative markers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content and conjugated dienes. The toxic effect of arsenic was also indicated by significantly decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase along with non-enzymatic antioxidant like reduced glutathione. Administration of sinapic acid exhibited significant reversal of arsenic induced toxicity in hepatic tissue. The effect at a dose of 40mg/kgbw/day was more pronounced than the other two doses (10 and 20mg/kgbw/day). All these changes were supported by reduction of arsenic concentration and histopathological observations of the liver. These results suggest that sinapic acid has a protective effect over arsenic induced toxicity in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yadav RS, Chandravanshi LP, Shukla RK, Sankhwar ML, Ansari RW, Shukla PK, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Neuroprotective efficacy of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:760-8. [PMID: 21839772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that curcumin protects arsenic induced neurotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, neurotransmitter levels and dopaminergic system in rats. As chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with cognitive deficits in humans, the present study has been carried out to implore the neuroprotective potential of curcumin in arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in rats. Rats treated with arsenic (sodium arsenite, 20mg/kg body weight, p.o., 28 days) exhibited a significant decrease in the learning activity, assessed by passive avoidance response associated with decreased binding of (3)H-QNB, known to label muscarinic-cholinergic receptors in hippocampus (54%) and frontal cortex (27%) as compared to controls. Decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase in hippocampus (46%) and frontal cortex (33%), staining of Nissl body, immunoreactivity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and expression of ChAT protein in hippocampal region was also observed in arsenic treated rats as compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment with arsenic and curcumin (100mg/kg body weight, p.o., 28 days) increased learning and memory performance associated with increased binding of (3)H-QNB in hippocampus (54%), frontal cortex (25%) and activity of acetylcholinesterase in hippocampus (41%) and frontal cortex (29%) as compared to arsenic treated rats. Increase in the expression of ChAT protein, immunoreactivity of ChAT and staining of Nissl body in hippocampal region was also observed in rats simultaneously treated with arsenic and curcumin as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. The results of the present study suggest that curcumin significantly modulates arsenic induced cholinergic dysfunctions in brain and also exhibits neuroprotective efficacy of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh S Yadav
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Jain A, Yadav A, Bozhkov AI, Padalko VI, Flora SJS. Therapeutic efficacy of silymarin and naringenin in reducing arsenic-induced hepatic damage in young rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:607-614. [PMID: 20719385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of silymarin and naringenin in counteracting arsenic-induced hepatic oxidative stress post exposure. Male wistar rats were chronically exposed to sodium arsenite for eight months followed by oral treatment with silymarin and naringenin (50 mg/kg each) for 15 consecutive days to evaluate hepatic damage and antioxidant potential. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in hepatic GSH levels, SOD and catalase activities and an increase in GST and TBARS levels after arsenic administration. Silymarin or naringenin administration increased GSH levels and was beneficial in the recovery of altered SOD and catalase activity besides significantly reducing blood and tissue arsenic concentration. Our results point to the antioxidant potential of these flavonoids, which might be of benefit in the clinical recovery of subject exposed to arsenic. These flavonoids can be incorporated into the diet or co-supplemented during chelation treatment, and thus may afford a protective effect against arsenite-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Jain
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474 002, India
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Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2093] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Jomova K, Jenisova Z, Feszterova M, Baros S, Liska J, Hudecova D, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:95-107. [PMID: 21321970 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid element that is present in air, water and soil. Inorganic arsenic tends to be more toxic than organic arsenic. Examples of methylated organic arsenicals include monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage is a common denominator in arsenic pathogenesis. In addition, arsenic induces morphological changes in the integrity of mitochondria. Cascade mechanisms of free radical formation derived from the superoxide radical, combined with glutathione-depleting agents, increase the sensitivity of cells to arsenic toxicity. When both humans and animals are exposed to arsenic, they experience an increased formation of ROS/RNS, including peroxyl radicals (ROO•), the superoxide radical, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical (OH•) via the Fenton reaction, hydrogen peroxide, the dimethylarsenic radical, the dimethylarsenic peroxyl radical and/or oxidant-induced DNA damage. Arsenic induces the formation of oxidized lipids which in turn generate several bioactive molecules (ROS, peroxides and isoprostanes), of which aldehydes [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE)] are the major end products. This review discusses aspects of chronic and acute exposures of arsenic in the etiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease (hypertension and atherosclerosis), neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver disease and renal disease, reproductive health effects, dermal changes and other health disorders. The role of antioxidant defence systems against arsenic toxicity is also discussed. Consideration is given to the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), curcumin, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in their protective roles against arsenic-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
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Piao F, Li S, Li Q, Ye J, Liu S. Abnormal expression of 8-nitroguanine in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic subchronically. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2010; 49:151-157. [PMID: 21173536 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To provide molecular toxicological evidences for exploring the mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity the accumulation of arsenic (As), the formation of 8-nitroguanine (8-NO(2)-G) were examined in brain tissue of mice exposed to arsenic. And the gene expressions of inducible NOS (iNOS), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) were also analyzed by GeneChip. In the result, the concentration of As in the brain tissue of mice was 4.00, 13.70, 21.48 and 29.88 ng/g in the controls and experimental groups exposed to 1, 2 and 4 mg/l As(2)O(3), respectively and increased in dose-response manner. Nervous cells in the brain of mice exposed to As showed disappearances of axons, vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm and karyolysis, whereas no such pathological changes were observed in the control group. Weak immunoreactivity against 8-NO(2)-G was observed in the brain tissue of mice given 1 or 2 ppm arsenic trioxide. More intensive immunoreactivity was found in cells at 4 ppm and it was mainly distributed in cytoplasm. The expressions of SOD1 and Prdx2 were down-regulated in the brain of mice exposed to As, but iNOS expression was not disturbed by As exposure. No the 8-NO(2)-G immunoreactivity or abnormal expressions of these genes in brain tissue were observed in controls. These results indicate that As induces high expression of 8-NO(2)-G in brain tissues of mice and that RNA in the cells may be modified by overproduced reactive nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No 9 Western Section of Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.
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Exposure to Pb, Cd, and As mixtures potentiates the production of oxidative stress precursors: 30-day, 90-day, and 180-day drinking water studies in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 254:154-66. [PMID: 21034764 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to chemical mixtures is a common and important determinant of toxicity and is of particular concern due to their appearance in sources of drinking water. Despite this, few in vivo mixture studies have been conducted to date to understand the health impact of chemical mixtures compared to single chemicals. Interactive effects of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were evaluated in 30-, 90-, and 180-day factorial design drinking water studies in rats designed to test the hypothesis that ingestion of such mixtures at individual component Lowest-Observed-Effect-Levels (LOELs) results in increased levels of the pro-oxidant delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA), iron, and copper. LOEL levels of Pb, Cd, and As mixtures resulted in the increased presence of mediators of oxidative stress such as ALA, copper, and iron. ALA increases were followed by statistically significant increases in kidney copper in the 90- and 180-day studies. Statistical evidence of interaction was identified for six biologically relevant variables: blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), kidney ALAD, urinary ALA, urinary iron, kidney iron, and kidney copper. The current investigations underscore the importance of considering interactive effects that common toxic agents such as Pb, Cd, and As may have upon one another at low-dose levels. The interactions between known toxic trace elements at biologically relevant concentrations shown here demonstrate a clear need to rigorously review methods by which national/international agencies assess health risks of chemicals, since exposures may commonly occur as complex mixtures.
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Messarah M, Klibet F, Boumendjel A, Abdennour C, Bouzerna N, Boulakoud MS, El Feki A. Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of selenium on arsenic-induced liver injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:167-74. [PMID: 20851583 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of selenium against arsenic-induced oxidative damage in experimental rats. Males were randomly divided into four groups where the first was served as a control, whereas the remaining groups were respectively treated with sodium selenite (3 mg/kg b.w.), sodium arsenite (5.55 mg/kg b.w.) and a combination of sodium arsenite and sodium selenite. Changes in liver enzyme activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, antioxidants and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were determined after 3 weeks experimental period. Exposure of rats to As caused a significant increase in liver TBARS compared to control, but the co-administration of Se was effective in reducing its level. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of As-treated group were found lower compared to the control and the Se-treated group. The co-administration of Se had an additive protective effect on liver enzyme activities compared to As-treated animals. On the other hand, a significant increase in plasmatic activities of AST, ALT and ALP was observed in As-treated group. The latter was also exhibited a decrease in body weight and an increase in liver weight compared to the control. The co-administration of Se has decreased the activities of AST, AST and ALP and improved the antioxidant status as well. Liver histological studies have confirmed the changes observed in biochemical parameters and proved the beneficial role of Se. To conclude, results suggest that As exposure enhanced an oxidative stress by disturbing the tissue antioxidant defense system, but the Se co-administration protected liver tissues against As intoxication probably owing to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoud Messarah
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria.
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Ma N, Sasoh M, Kawanishi S, Sugiura H, Piao F. Protection effect of taurine on nitrosative stress in the mice brain with chronic exposure to arsenic. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 20804627 PMCID: PMC2994365 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure induces overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in brain tissue and results in nucleic acid damage to the nerve cells. The 8-nitroguanine is one of the major products formed by the reaction of guanine, and ONOO-, and has been used as a popular biomarker of nucleic acid damage due to RNS attacking. In the present study, we examined whether the administration of taurine can protect against nucleic acid damage of brain neurons by arsenic-induced RNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty mice (30 male and 30 female) weighing 19.5 +/- 1.5 g were divided into 3 groups: (1) control group, (2) experimental group that received arsenic (As2O3), and (3) antagonistic group that received taurine with arsenic. Arsenic was administered for 60 days. 8-Nitroguanine expressions in brain neurons of mice were examined by the immunohistochemical method. Histopathological changes in brain tissues of mice were observed under light microscope and the immunohistochemistry method was used to investigate 8-nitroguanine expressions in cerebrum and cerebellum of mice. RESULTS In the control group, no abnormal histopathological changes were observed in brain tissue of the mice. In brain tissue of the mice exposed to arsenic, histopathological results showed swells, evident vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Relatively light pathological changes were observed in brain of the mice co-administered arsenic and taurine. Little or no expression of 8-nitroguanine in brain tissue was observed in controls. However, intensive expression of 8-nitroguanine was found in brain tissue of mice exposed to arsenic and it was mainly distributed in nucleus neighbouring the nuclear membrane, but a little in cytoplasm. A weak expression of 8-nitroguanine was observed in brain cells of mice co-administered arsenic and taurine. CONCLUSIONS The brain neurons may be the major target cells of arsenic neurotoxicity. Co-administration of arsenic and taurine can alleviate DNA damage of brain neurons caused by arsenic through the RNS signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Faculty of Health Science and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan.
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Liao VHC, Liu JT, Li WH, Yu CW, Hsieh YC. Caenorhabditis elegans bicarbonate transporter ABTS-1 is involved in arsenite toxicity and cholinergic signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:926-32. [PMID: 20423156 DOI: 10.1021/tx100016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Although there is accumulating evidence to suggest that the nervous system is a target of arsenic, relatively little information is known regarding its effects on the nervous system. The effects of arsenite on the nervous system in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated in the present study. We found that abts-1, which encodes a Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporter, is required to protect C. elegans from arsenite toxicity. The abts-1::GFP transgene is primarily expressed in neurons and the hypodermis, but stronger expression was also observed in the pharynx and body wall muscle cells after exposure to arsenite. The steady-state level of ABTS-1 mRNA increased in response to arsenite exposure. We showed that worms lacking abts-1 are hypersensitive to the paralytic effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor, aldicarb, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, levamisole. We also showed that arsenite enhanced sensitivity to aldicarb and levamisole in abts-1 mutant worms. Our results indicate neuronal effects of arsenite and the ABTS-1 bicarbonate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ozone K, Ueno S, Ishizaki M, Hayashi O. Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Organic Arsenical Diphenylarsinic Acid and Inorganic Arsenicals and Their Effects on Spatial Learning Ability in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ozone
- Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | - Osamu Hayashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University
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