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Skobeleva K, Wang G, Kaznacheyeva E. STIM Proteins: The Gas and Brake of Calcium Entry in Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01272-5. [PMID: 39266936 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM)s are Ca2+ sensors in internal Ca2+ stores of the endoplasmic reticulum. They activate the store-operated Ca2+ channels, which are the main source of Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells. Moreover, STIM proteins interact with other Ca2+ channel subunits and active transporters, making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca2+ influxes into excitable cells. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning. Being involved in many signaling pathways, STIMs replenish internal Ca2+ stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases, injuries, stroke, and epilepsy. STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca2+ entry but also by regulating Ca2+ influx through other channels. Here, we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Skobeleva
- Laboratory of Ion Channels of Cell Membranes, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Elena Kaznacheyeva
- Laboratory of Ion Channels of Cell Membranes, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064.
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2
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Princen K, Van Dooren T, van Gorsel M, Louros N, Yang X, Dumbacher M, Bastiaens I, Coupet K, Dupont S, Cuveliers E, Lauwers A, Laghmouchi M, Vanwelden T, Carmans S, Van Damme N, Duhamel H, Vansteenkiste S, Prerad J, Pipeleers K, Rodiers O, De Ridder L, Claes S, Busschots Y, Pringels L, Verhelst V, Debroux E, Brouwer M, Lievens S, Tavernier J, Farinelli M, Hughes-Asceri S, Voets M, Winderickx J, Wera S, de Wit J, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Zetterberg H, Cummings JL, Annaert W, Cornelissen T, De Winter H, De Witte K, Fivaz M, Griffioen G. Pharmacological modulation of septins restores calcium homeostasis and is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer's disease. Science 2024; 384:eadd6260. [PMID: 38815015 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal calcium signaling is a central pathological component of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we describe the identification of a class of compounds called ReS19-T, which are able to restore calcium homeostasis in cell-based models of tau pathology. Aberrant tau accumulation leads to uncontrolled activation of store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs) by remodeling septin filaments at the cell cortex. Binding of ReS19-T to septins restores filament assembly in the disease state and restrains calcium entry through SOCCs. In amyloid-β and tau-driven mouse models of disease, ReS19-T agents restored synaptic plasticity, normalized brain network activity, and attenuated the development of both amyloid-β and tau pathology. Our findings identify the septin cytoskeleton as a potential therapeutic target for the development of disease-modifying AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Louros
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Shana Dupont
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eva Cuveliers
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sofie Carmans
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Hein Duhamel
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Jovan Prerad
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sofie Claes
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Marinka Brouwer
- Laboratory of Synapse Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marieke Voets
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Wera
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- ViroVet NV, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris de Wit
- Laboratory of Synapse Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research and KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen De Witte
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marc Fivaz
- reMYND NV, Bio-Incubator, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
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3
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Yao J, Chen SRW. RyR2-dependent modulation of neuronal hyperactivity: A potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Physiol 2024; 602:1509-1518. [PMID: 36866974 DOI: 10.1113/jp283824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that simply reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques may not significantly affect the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also increasing evidence indicating that AD progression is driven by a vicious cycle of soluble Aβ-induced neuronal hyperactivity. In support of this, it has recently been shown that genetically and pharmacologically limiting ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) open time prevents neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, dendritic spine loss and neuronal cell death in AD mouse models. By contrast, increased RyR2 open probability (Po) exacerbates the onset of familial AD-associated neuronal dysfunction and induces AD-like defects in the absence of AD-causing gene mutations. Thus, RyR2-dependent modulation of neuronal hyperactivity represents a promising new target for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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4
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Kaar A, Weir MP, Rae MG. Altered neuronal group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor- and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca 2+ signaling in two rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137664. [PMID: 38309326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced by, for example, IP3 receptor (IP3R) stimulation, and its subsequent crosstalk with extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and neuronal store-operated calcium entry (nSOCE), is essential for normal neuronal signaling and cellular homeostasis. However, several studies suggest that chronic calcium dysregulation may play a key role in the onset and/or progression of neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using early postnatal hippocampal tissue from two transgenic murine models of AD, we provide further evidence that not only are crucial calcium signaling pathways dysregulated, but also that such dysregulation occurs at very early stages of development. Utilizing epifluorescence calcium imaging, we investigated ER-, nSOCE- and VGCC-mediated calcium signaling in cultured primary hippocampal neurons from two transgenic rodent models of AD: 3xTg-AD mice (PS1M146V/APPSWE/TauP301L) and TgF344-AD rats (APPSWE/PS1ΔE9) between 2 and 9 days old. Our results reveal that, in comparison to control hippocampal neurons, those from 3xTg-AD mice possessed significantly greater basal ER calcium levels, as measured by larger responses to I-mGluR-mediated ER Ca2+ mobilization (amplitude; 4 (0-19) vs 21(12-36) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = 14 a.u. (11-18); p = 0.004)) but reduced nSOCE (15 (4-22) vs 8(5-11) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = -7 a.u. (-3- -10 a.u.); p < 0.0001). Furthermore, unlike non-Tg neurons, where depolarization enhanced the amplitude, duration and area under the curve (A.U.C.) of I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals when compared with basal conditions, this was not apparent in 3xTg-AD neurons. Whilst the amplitude of depolarization-enhanced I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals from both non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons was significantly enhanced relative to basal conditions, the A.U.C. and duration of responses were enhanced significantly upon depolarization in non-Tg F344, but not in TgF344-AD, neurons. Overall, the nature of basal I-mGluR-mediated calcium responses did not differ significantly between non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons. In summary, our results characterizing ER- and nSOCE-mediated calcium signaling in neurons demonstrate that ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is an early and potentially pathogenic event in familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Kaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan P Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark G Rae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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5
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Shim SS, Berglund K, Yu SP. Lithium: An Old Drug for New Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia. NEURODEGENER DIS 2023; 23:1-12. [PMID: 37666228 DOI: 10.1159/000533797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, the effective treatment of AD is not available currently. Multiple trials of drugs, which were developed based on the amyloid hypothesis of AD, have not been highly successful to improve cognitive and other symptoms in AD patients, suggesting that it is necessary to explore additional and alternative approaches for the disease-modifying treatment of AD. The diverse lines of evidence have revealed that lithium reduces amyloid and tau pathology, attenuates neuronal loss, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves cognitive function. Clinical studies have shown that lithium reduces the risk of AD and deters the progress of mild cognitive impairment and early AD. SUMMARY Our recent study has revealed that lithium stabilizes disruptive calcium homeostasis, and subsequently, attenuates the downstream neuropathogenic processes of AD. Through these therapeutic actions, lithium produces therapeutic effects on AD with potential to modify the disease process. This review critically analyzed the preclinical and clinical studies for the therapeutic effects of lithium on AD. We suggest that disruptive calcium homeostasis is likely to be the early neuropathological mechanism of AD, and the stabilization of disruptive calcium homeostasis by lithium would be associated with its therapeutic effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD. KEY MESSAGES Lithium is likely to be efficacious for AD as a disease-modifying drug by acting on multiple neuropathological targets including disruptive calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sool Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veteran's Affair, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Poejo J, Berrocal M, Saez L, Gutierrez-Merino C, Mata AM. Store-Operated Calcium Entry Inhibition and Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump Upregulation Contribute to the Maintenance of Resting Cytosolic Calcium Concentration in A1-like Astrocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:5363. [PMID: 37513235 PMCID: PMC10383710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly neurotoxic A1-reactive astrocytes have been associated with several human neurodegenerative diseases. Complement protein C3 expression is strongly upregulated in A1 astrocytes, and this protein has been shown to be a specific biomarker of these astrocytes. Several cytokines released in neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to upregulate the production of amyloid β protein precursor (APP) and neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in reactive astrocytes. Also, aberrant Ca2+ signals have been proposed as a hallmark of astrocyte functional remodeling in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. In this work, we induced the generation of A1-like reactive astrocytes after the co-treatment of U251 human astroglioma cells with a cocktail of the cytokines TNF-α, IL1-α and C1q. These A1-like astrocytes show increased production of APP and Aβ peptides compared to untreated U251 cells. Additionally, A1-like astrocytes show a (75 ± 10)% decrease in the Ca2+ stored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), (85 ± 10)% attenuation of Ca2+ entry after complete Ca2+ depletion of the ER, and three-fold upregulation of plasma membrane calcium pump expression, with respect to non-treated Control astrocytes. These altered intracellular Ca2+ dynamics allow A1-like astrocytes to efficiently counterbalance the enhanced release of Ca2+ from the ER, preventing a rise in the resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares (IBPM), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Berrocal
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares (IBPM), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lucía Saez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares (IBPM), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana M Mata
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares (IBPM), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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7
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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8
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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9
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Ma F, Akolkar H, Xu J, Liu Y, Popova D, Xie J, Youssef MM, Benosman R, Hart RP, Herrup K. The Amyloid Precursor Protein Modulates the Position and Length of the Axon Initial Segment. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1830-1844. [PMID: 36717226 PMCID: PMC10010458 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0172-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is linked to the genetics and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is the parent protein of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, the main constituent of the amyloid plaques found in an AD brain. The pathways from APP to Aβ are intensively studied, yet the normal functions of APP itself have generated less interest. We report here that glutamate stimulation of neuronal activity leads to a rapid increase in App gene expression. In mouse and human neurons, elevated APP protein changes the structure of the axon initial segment (AIS) where action potentials are initiated. The AIS is shortened in length and shifts away from the cell body. The GCaMP8f Ca2+ reporter confirms the predicted decrease in neuronal activity. NMDA antagonists or knockdown of App block the glutamate effects. The actions of APP on the AIS are cell-autonomous; exogenous Aβ, either fibrillar or oligomeric, has no effect. In culture, APPSwe (a familial AD mutation) induces larger AIS changes than wild type APP. Ankyrin G and βIV-spectrin, scaffolding proteins of the AIS, both physically associate with APP, more so in AD brains. Finally, in humans with sporadic AD or in the R1.40 AD mouse model, both females and males, neurons have elevated levels of APP protein that invade the AIS. In vivo as in vitro, this increased APP is associated with a significant shortening of the AIS. The findings outline a new role for the APP and encourage a reconsideration of its relationship to AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT While the amyloid precursor protein (APP) has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the normal functions of the full-length Type I membrane protein have been largely unexplored. We report here that the levels of APP protein increase with neuronal activity. In vivo and in vitro, modest amounts of excess APP alter the properties of the axon initial segment. The β-amyloid peptide derived from APP is without effect. Consistent with the observed changes in the axon initial segment which would be expected to decrease action potential firing, we show that APP expression depresses neuronal activity. In mouse AD models and human sporadic AD, APP physically associates with the scaffolding proteins of the axon initial segment, suggesting a relationship with AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Himanshu Akolkar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Yang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Dina Popova
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jiaan Xie
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mark M Youssef
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ryad Benosman
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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10
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Wiseman AL, Briggs CA, Peritt A, Kapecki N, Peterson DA, Shim SS, Stutzmann GE. Lithium Provides Broad Therapeutic Benefits in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:273-290. [PMID: 36442195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a progressive loss of cognitive function. Currently, no effective treatment regimen is available. Lithium, a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, exerts broad neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions and improves cognitive function. OBJECTIVE The study investigated if lithium stabilizes Ca2+ signaling abnormalities in hippocampal neurons and subsequently normalize downstream effects on AD neuropathology and synaptic plasticity in young AD mice. METHODS Four-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were treated with a LiCl diet chow for 30 days. At the end of the lithium treatment, a combination of two-photon Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to assess the effects of the LiCl treatment on inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 neurons, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and overlying cortex from 3xTg-ADmice. RESULTS Thirty-day LiCl treatment reduced aberrant IP3R-dependent ER Ca2+ and VGCC-mediated Ca2+ signaling in CA1 pyramidal neurons from 3xTg-AD mice and restored neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels to control levels in the hippocampal subfields and overlying cortex. The LiCl treatment enhanced post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of short-term plasticity in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The study found that lithium exerts therapeutic effects across several AD-associated early neuronal signaling abnormalities including aberrant Ca2+ signaling, nNOS, and p-tau formation and enhances short-term synaptic plasticity. Lithium could serve as an effective treatment or co-therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Wiseman
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clark A Briggs
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariel Peritt
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicolas Kapecki
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong S Shim
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, Mental Health, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Wang ZW, Niu L, Riaz S. Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor-Dependent Neurotransmitter Release by AIP, Calstabins, and Presenilins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:287-304. [PMID: 37615871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are Ca2+ release channels located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Presynaptic RyRs play important roles in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies suggest that the proper function of presynaptic RyRs relies on several regulatory proteins, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein, calstabins, and presenilins. Dysfunctions of these regulatory proteins can greatly impact neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity by altering the function or expression of RyRs. This chapter aims to describe the interaction between these proteins and RyRs, elucidating their crucial role in regulating synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Longgang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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12
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Hansen GE, Gibson GE. The α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex as a Hub of Plasticity in Neurodegeneration and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12403. [PMID: 36293260 PMCID: PMC9603878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism is central to neurodegeneration, and considerable evidence suggests that abnormalities in key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle underlie the metabolic deficits. Significant recent advances in the role of metabolism in cancer provide new insight that facilitates our understanding of the role of metabolism in neurodegeneration. Research indicates that the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) and its substrate alpha ketoglutarate (KG), serve as a signaling hub that regulates multiple cellular processes: (1) is the rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle, (2) is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces ROS, (3) determines whether KG is used for energy or synthesis of compounds to support growth, (4) regulates the cellular responses to hypoxia, (5) controls the post-translational modification of hundreds of cell proteins in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus through succinylation, (6) controls critical aspects of transcription, (7) modulates protein signaling within cells, and (8) modulates cellular calcium. The primary focus of this review is to understand how reductions in KGDHC are translated to pathologically important changes that underlie both neurodegeneration and cancer. An understanding of each role is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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13
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Callens M, Loncke J, Bultynck G. Dysregulated Ca 2+ Homeostasis as a Central Theme in Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease and Wolfram Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121963. [PMID: 35741091 PMCID: PMC9221778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) operate as important messengers in the cell, indispensable for signaling the underlying numerous cellular processes in all of the cell types in the human body. In neurons, Ca2+ signaling is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission and for the processes of learning and memory formation. Hence, the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in a broad range of disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. A major source for intracellular Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has close contacts with other organelles, including mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of Ca2+ signaling at the ER–mitochondrial interface in two different neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Wolfram syndrome. Both of these diseases share some common hallmarks in the early stages, including alterations in the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This indicates that similar mechanisms may underly these two disease pathologies and suggests that both research topics might benefit from complementary research.
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14
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Zou HY, Guo L, Zhang B, Chen S, Wu XR, Liu XD, Xu XY, Li BY, Chen S, Xu NJ, Sun S. Aberrant miR-339-5p/neuronatin signaling causes prodromal neuronal calcium dyshomeostasis in mutant presenilin mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e149160. [PMID: 35426376 PMCID: PMC9012292 DOI: 10.1172/jci149160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom spine loss and calcium dyshomeostasis are early hallmark events of age-related neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), that are connected with neuronal hyperactivity in early pathology of cognitive brain areas. However, it remains elusive how these key events are triggered at the molecular level for the neuronal abnormality that occurs at the initial stage of disease. Here, we identify downregulated miR-339-5p and its upregulated target protein, neuronatin (Nnat), in cortex neurons from the presenilin-1 M146V knockin (PSEN1-M146V KI) mouse model of familial AD (FAD). Inhibition of miR-339-5p or overexpression of Nnat recapitulates spine loss and endoplasmic reticulum calcium overload in cortical neurons with the PSEN1 mutation. Conversely, either overexpression of miR-339-5p or knockdown of Nnat restores spine morphogenesis and calcium homeostasis. We used fiber photometry recording during the object-cognitive process to further demonstrate that the PSEN1 mutant causes defective habituation in neuronal reaction in the retrosplenial cortex and that this can be rescued by restoring the miR-339-5p/Nnat pathway. Our findings thus reveal crucial roles of the miR-339-5p/Nnat pathway in FAD that may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for early pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
| | - Lin Guo
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
| | - Si Chen
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and
| | - Xin-Rong Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and
| | - Bin-Yin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, and
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, and
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital
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15
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Huang DX, Yu X, Yu WJ, Zhang XM, Liu C, Liu HP, Sun Y, Jiang ZP. Calcium Signaling Regulated by Cellular Membrane Systems and Calcium Homeostasis Perturbed in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834962. [PMID: 35281104 PMCID: PMC8913592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anything that changes spatiotemporally could be a signal, cells, particularly neurons, precisely manipulate calcium ion (Ca2+) to transmit information. Ca2+ homeostasis is indispensable for neuronal functions and survival. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]CYT) is regulated by channels, pumps, and exchangers on cellular membrane systems. Under physiological conditions, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria function as intracellular Ca2+ buffers. Furthermore, efficient and effective Ca2+ flux is observed at the ER-mitochondria membrane contact site (ERMCS), an intracellular membrane juxtaposition, where Ca2+ is released from the ER followed by mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in sequence. Hence, the ER intraluminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ER), the mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]MT), and the [Ca2+]CYT are related to each other. Ca2+ signaling dysregulation and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disease. The present review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying Ca2+ signaling regulation and Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance at ER and mitochondria levels, focusing on AD. Integrating the amyloid hypothesis and the calcium hypothesis of AD may further our understanding of pathogenesis in neurodegeneration, provide therapeutic targets for chronic neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Deparment of The First Operating Room, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Ping Jiang,
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16
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Jairaman A, McQuade A, Granzotto A, Kang YJ, Chadarevian JP, Gandhi S, Parker I, Smith I, Cho H, Sensi SL, Othy S, Blurton-Jones M, Cahalan MD. TREM2 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated calcium signaling and motility in human iPSC-derived microglia. eLife 2022; 11:e73021. [PMID: 35191835 PMCID: PMC8906810 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2) regulates key microglial functions including phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Loss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because abnormalities in Ca2+ signaling have been observed in several AD models, we investigated TREM2 regulation of Ca2+ signaling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iPSC-microglia) with genetic deletion of TREM2. We found that iPSC-microglia lacking TREM2 (TREM2 KO) show exaggerated Ca2+ signals in response to purinergic agonists, such as ADP, that shape microglial injury responses. This ADP hypersensitivity, driven by increased expression of P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors, results in greater release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum stores, which triggers sustained Ca2+ influx through Orai channels and alters cell motility in TREM2 KO microglia. Using iPSC-microglia expressing the genetically encoded Ca2+ probe, Salsa6f, we found that cytosolic Ca2+ tunes motility to a greater extent in TREM2 KO microglia. Despite showing greater overall displacement, TREM2 KO microglia exhibit reduced directional chemotaxis along ADP gradients. Accordingly, the chemotactic defect in TREM2 KO microglia was rescued by reducing cytosolic Ca2+ using a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Our results show that loss of TREM2 confers a defect in microglial Ca2+ response to purinergic signals, suggesting a window of Ca2+ signaling for optimal microglial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
| | - You Jung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North CarolinaCharlotteUnited States
| | - Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Sunil Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Dept of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan UniversityGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
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17
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Plasma Membrane and Organellar Targets of STIM1 for Intracellular Calcium Handling in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102518. [PMID: 34685498 PMCID: PMC8533710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) undergoes a complex conformational rearrangement after depletion of ER luminal Ca2+. Then, STIM1 translocates into discrete ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it directly interacts with and activates plasma membrane Orai1 channels to refill ER with Ca2+. Furthermore, Ca2+ entry due to Orai1/STIM1 interaction may induce canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) translocation to the plasma membrane, where it is activated by STIM1. All these events give rise to store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Besides the main pathway underlying SOCE, which mainly involves Orai1 and TRPC1 activation, STIM1 modulates many other plasma membrane proteins in order to potentiate the influxof Ca2+. Furthermore, it is now clear that STIM1 may inhibit Ca2+ currents mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, STIM1 also interacts with some intracellular channels and transporters, including nuclear and lysosomal ionic proteins, thus orchestrating organellar Ca2+ homeostasis. STIM1 and its partners/effectors are significantly modulated in diverse acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. This highlights the importance of further disclosing their cellular functions as they might represent promising molecular targets for neuroprotection.
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18
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Mohamed Asik R, Suganthy N, Aarifa MA, Kumar A, Szigeti K, Mathe D, Gulyás B, Archunan G, Padmanabhan P. Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091126. [PMID: 34572312 PMCID: PMC8468668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization. An elevated amount of Aβ yields spontaneous aggregation which causes organelles impairment. Aβ stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via acceleration by several kinases. Aβ travels to the mitochondria and interacts with its functional complexes, which impairs the mitochondrial function leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling cascade. Aβ disrupts the Ca2+ and protein homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex (GC) that promotes the organelle stress and inhibits its stress recovery machinery such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). At lysosome, Aβ precedes autophagy dysfunction upon interacting with autophagy molecules. Interestingly, Aβ act as a transcription regulator as well as inhibits telomerase activity. Both Aβ and p-tau interaction with neuronal and glial receptors elevate the inflammatory molecules and persuade inflammation. Here, we have expounded the Aβ mediated events in the cells and its cosmopolitan role on neurodegeneration, and the current clinical status of anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohamed Mohamed Asik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Asik Aarifa
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
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19
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Börner JH, Rawashdeh O, Rami A. Exacerbated Age-Related Hippocampal Alterations of Microglia Morphology, β-Amyloid and Lipofuscin Deposition and Presenilin Overexpression in Per1-/--Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091330. [PMID: 34572962 PMCID: PMC8469021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, alterations of circadian rhythms and autophagy are linked to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction. Autophagy constitutes a specific form of cell recycling in many eukaryotic cells. Aging is the principal risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we assume that both the circadian clock and autophagy are indispensable to counteract aging. We have previously shown that the hippocampus of Per1−/−-mice exhibits a reduced autophagy and higher neuronal susceptibility to ischemic insults compared to wild type (WT). Therefore, we chose to study the link between aging and loss of clock gene Per1−/−-mice. Young and aged C3H- and Per1−/−-mice were used as models to analyze the hippocampal distribution of Aβ42, lipofuscin, presenilin, microglia, synaptophysin and doublecortin. We detected several changes in the hippocampus of aged Per1−/−-mice compared to their wild type littermates. Our results show significant alterations of microglia morphology, an increase in Aβ42 deposition, overexpression of presenilin, decrease in synaptophysin levels and massive accumulation of lipofuscin in the hippocampus of 24-month-old Per1−/−-mice, without alteration of adult neurogenesis. We suggest that the marked lipofuscin accumulation, Aβ42 deposition, and overexpression of presenilin-2 observed in our experiments may be some of the consequences of the slowed autophagy in the hippocampus of aged Per1−/−-mice. This may lead during aging to excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins which may, consequently, result in higher neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Börner
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- Chronobiology & Sleep Lab, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ludewig S, Herrmann U, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Metzdorf K, Just J, Bold C, Müller UC, Korte M. APPsα rescues impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis in APP- and APLP2-deficient hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011506118. [PMID: 34172567 PMCID: PMC8256088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011506118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been reported in several in vitro and in vivo studies using mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-associated transgenes, presenilin and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). While intense research focused on amyloid-β-mediated functions on neuronal Ca2+ handling, the physiological role of APP and its close homolog APLP2 is still not fully clarified. We now elucidate a mechanism to show how APP and its homolog APLP2 control neuronal Ca2+ handling and identify especially the ectodomain APPsα as an essential regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. Importantly, we demonstrate that the loss of APP and APLP2, but not APLP2 alone, impairs Ca2+ handling, the refill of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, and synaptic plasticity due to altered function and expression of the SERCA-ATPase and expression of store-operated Ca2+ channel-associated proteins Stim1 and Stim2. Long-term AAV-mediated expression of APPsα, but not acute application of the recombinant protein, restored physiological Ca2+ homeostasis and synaptic plasticity in APP/APLP2 cDKO cultures. Overall, our analysis reveals an essential role of the APP family and especially of the ectodomain APPsα in Ca2+ homeostasis, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Ludewig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herrmann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bold
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Elevating the Levels of Calcium Ions Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease via Inducing the Production and Aggregation of β-Amyloid Protein and Phosphorylated Tau. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115900. [PMID: 34072743 PMCID: PMC8198078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence rate. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid plaques (APs), which are formed by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are formed by the excessive phosphorylation of the tau protein. Although a series of studies have shown that the accumulation of metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca2+), can promote the formation of APs and NFTs, there is no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD. In view of this, the current review summarizes the mechanisms by which Ca2+ is transported into and out of cells and organelles, such as the cell, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes to affect the balance of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ plays an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of AD by influencing the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and tau protein phosphorylation and the ways that disrupting the metabolic balance of Ca2+ can affect the learning ability and memory of people with AD. In addition, the effects of these mechanisms on the synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Finally, the molecular network through which Ca2+ regulates the pathogenesis of AD is introduced, providing a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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22
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The Relevance of Amyloid β-Calmodulin Complexation in Neurons and Brain Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094976. [PMID: 34067061 PMCID: PMC8125740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal amyloid β (Aβ) oligomer accumulation precedes the appearance of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles and is neurotoxic. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-affected brains, intraneuronal Aβ oligomers can derive from Aβ peptide production within the neuron and, also, from vicinal neurons or reactive glial cells. Calcium homeostasis dysregulation and neuronal excitability alterations are widely accepted to play a key role in Aβ neurotoxicity in AD. However, the identification of primary Aβ-target proteins, in which functional impairment initiating cytosolic calcium homeostasis dysregulation and the critical point of no return are still pending issues. The micromolar concentration of calmodulin (CaM) in neurons and its high affinity for neurotoxic Aβ peptides (dissociation constant ≈ 1 nM) highlight a novel function of CaM, i.e., the buffering of free Aβ concentrations in the low nanomolar range. In turn, the concentration of Aβ-CaM complexes within neurons will increase as a function of time after the induction of Aβ production, and free Aβ will rise sharply when accumulated Aβ exceeds all available CaM. Thus, Aβ-CaM complexation could also play a major role in neuronal calcium signaling mediated by calmodulin-binding proteins by Aβ; a point that has been overlooked until now. In this review, we address the implications of Aβ-CaM complexation in the formation of neurotoxic Aβ oligomers, in the alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis induced by Aβ, and of dysregulation of the calcium-dependent neuronal activity and excitability induced by Aβ.
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23
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Ca 2+ Dyshomeostasis Disrupts Neuronal and Synaptic Function in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122655. [PMID: 33321866 PMCID: PMC7763805 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for multiple neuronal functions and thus, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis can lead to widespread impairment of cellular and synaptic signaling, subsequently contributing to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While numerous studies implicate Ca2+ mishandling in AD, the cellular basis for loss of cognitive function remains under investigation. The process of synaptic degradation and degeneration in AD is slow, and constitutes a series of maladaptive processes each contributing to a further destabilization of the Ca2+ homeostatic machinery. Ca2+ homeostasis involves precise maintenance of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, despite extracellular influx via multiple synaptic Ca2+ channels, and intracellular release via organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via ryanodine receptor (RyRs) and IP3R, lysosomes via transient receptor potential mucolipin channel (TRPML) and two pore channel (TPC), and mitochondria via the permeability transition pore (PTP). Furthermore, functioning of these organelles relies upon regulated inter-organelle Ca2+ handling, with aberrant signaling resulting in synaptic dysfunction, protein mishandling, oxidative stress and defective bioenergetics, among other consequences consistent with AD. With few effective treatments currently available to mitigate AD, the past few years have seen a significant increase in the study of synaptic and cellular mechanisms as drivers of AD, including Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Here, we detail some key findings and discuss implications for future AD treatments.
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24
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Therapeutic Strategies to Target Calcium Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112513. [PMID: 33233678 PMCID: PMC7699688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, none of the current treatments are effective at improving cognitive function in AD patients and, therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapies that target the early cause(s) of AD. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulation is critical for proper cellular and neuronal function. It has been suggested that Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is an upstream factor of many neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. For this reason, chemical agents or small molecules aimed at targeting or correcting this Ca2+ dysregulation might serve as therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of AD. Moreover, neurons are not alone in exhibiting Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, since Ca2+ disruption is observed in other cell types in the brain in AD. In this review, we examine the distinct Ca2+ channels and compartments involved in the disease mechanisms that could be potential targets in AD.
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25
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Abstract
The mouse is one of the most widely used model organisms for genetic study. The tools available to alter the mouse genome have developed over the preceding decades from forward screens to gene targeting in stem cells to the recent influx of CRISPR approaches. In this review, we first consider the history of mice in genetic study, the development of classic approaches to genome modification, and how such approaches have been used and improved in recent years. We then turn to the recent surge of nuclease-mediated techniques and how they are changing the field of mouse genetics. Finally, we survey common classes of alleles used in mice and discuss how they might be engineered using different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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26
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Pizzo P, Basso E, Filadi R, Greotti E, Leparulo A, Pendin D, Redolfi N, Rossini M, Vajente N, Pozzan T, Fasolato C. Presenilin-2 and Calcium Handling: Molecules, Organelles, Cells and Brain Networks. Cells 2020; 9:E2166. [PMID: 32992716 PMCID: PMC7601421 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-2 (PS2) is one of the three proteins that are dominantly mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). It forms the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex-a function shared with its homolog presenilin-1 (PS1)-the enzyme ultimately responsible of amyloid-β (Aβ) formation. Besides its enzymatic activity, PS2 is a multifunctional protein, being specifically involved, independently of γ-secretase activity, in the modulation of several cellular processes, such as Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial function, inter-organelle communication, and autophagy. As for the former, evidence has accumulated that supports the involvement of PS2 at different levels, ranging from organelle Ca2+ handling to Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane channels. Thus FAD-linked PS2 mutations impact on multiple aspects of cell and tissue physiology, including bioenergetics and brain network excitability. In this contribution, we summarize the main findings on PS2, primarily as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis, with particular emphasis on the role of its mutations in the pathogenesis of FAD. Identification of cell pathways and molecules that are specifically targeted by PS2 mutants, as well as of common targets shared with PS1 mutants, will be fundamental to disentangle the complexity of memory loss and brain degeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Nicola Vajente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
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27
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Chen H, Cross AC, Thakkar A, Xu H, Li A, Paull D, Noggle SA, Kruger L, Denton TT, Gibson GE. Selective linkage of mitochondrial enzymes to intracellular calcium stores differs between human-induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and neurons. J Neurochem 2020; 156:867-879. [PMID: 32865230 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and releasable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium modulate neuronal calcium signaling, and both change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The releasable calcium stores in the ER are exaggerated in fibroblasts from AD patients and in multiple models of AD. The activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), a key mitochondrial enzyme complex, is diminished in brains from AD patients, and can be plausibly linked to plaques and tangles. Our previous studies in cell lines and mouse neurons demonstrate that reductions in KGDHC increase the ER releasable calcium stores. The goal of these studies was to test whether the relationship was true in human iPSC-derived neurons. Inhibition of KGDHC for one or 24 hr increased the ER releasable calcium store in human neurons by 69% and 144%, respectively. The effect was mitochondrial enzyme specific because inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, another key mitochondrial enzyme complex, diminished the ER releasable calcium stores. The link of KGDHC to ER releasable calcium stores was cell type specific as the interaction was not present in iPSC or neural stem cells. Thus, these studies in human neurons verify a link between KGDHC and releasable ER calcium stores, and support the use of human neurons to examine mechanisms and potential therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanlian Chen
- Burke Neurological Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Abigail C Cross
- Burke Neurological Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Ankita Thakkar
- Burke Neurological Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Burke Neurological Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Aiqun Li
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Paull
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laken Kruger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Burke Neurological Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
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28
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Agrawal RR, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Area-Gomez E, Pera M. The silence of the fats: A MAM's story about Alzheimer. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105062. [PMID: 32866617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of contact sites was a breakthrough in cell biology. We have learned that an organelle cannot function in isolation, and that many cellular functions depend on communication between two or more organelles. One such contact site results from the close apposition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). These intracellular lipid rafts serve as hubs for the regulation of cellular lipid and calcium homeostasis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that MAM domains modulate cellular function in both health and disease. Indeed, MAM dysfunction has been described as a key event in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Our most recent work shows that, by means of its affinity for cholesterol, APP-C99 accumulates in MAM domains of the ER and induces the uptake of extracellular cholesterol as well as its trafficking from the plasma membrane to the ER. As a result, MAM functionality becomes chronically upregulated while undergoing continual turnover. The goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of C99 elevation in AD, specifically the upregulation of cholesterol trafficking and MAM activity, which abrogate cellular lipid homeostasis and disrupt the lipid composition of cellular membranes. Overall, we present a novel framework for AD pathogenesis that can be linked to the many complex alterations that occur during disease progression, and that may open a door to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Spain.
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29
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Scremin E, Agostini M, Leparulo A, Pozzan T, Greotti E, Fasolato C. ORAI2 Down-Regulation Potentiates SOCE and Decreases Aβ42 Accumulation in Human Neuroglioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155288. [PMID: 32722509 PMCID: PMC7432374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile plaques, the hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), are generated by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), the proteolytic product of amyloid precursor protein (APP), by β and γ-secretase. A large body of evidence points towards a role for Ca2+ imbalances in the pathophysiology of both sporadic and familial forms of AD (FAD). A reduction in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is shared by numerous FAD-linked mutations, and SOCE is involved in Aβ accumulation in different model cells. In neurons, both the role and components of SOCE remain quite obscure, whereas in astrocytes, SOCE controls their Ca2+-based excitability and communication to neurons. Glial cells are also directly involved in Aβ production and clearance. Here, we focus on the role of ORAI2, a key SOCE component, in modulating SOCE in the human neuroglioma cell line H4. We show that ORAI2 overexpression reduces both SOCE level and stores Ca2+ content, while ORAI2 downregulation significantly increases SOCE amplitude without affecting store Ca2+ handling. In Aβ-secreting H4-APPswe cells, SOCE inhibition by BTP2 and SOCE augmentation by ORAI2 downregulation respectively increases and decreases Aβ42 accumulation. Based on these findings, we suggest ORAI2 downregulation as a potential tool to rescue defective SOCE in AD, while preventing plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scremin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Mario Agostini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute—Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute—Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.S.); (M.A.); (A.L.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (C.F.)
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30
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Galla L, Redolfi N, Pozzan T, Pizzo P, Greotti E. Intracellular Calcium Dysregulation by the Alzheimer's Disease-Linked Protein Presenilin 2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E770. [PMID: 31991578 PMCID: PMC7037278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Even though most AD cases are sporadic, a small percentage is familial due to autosomal dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2) genes. AD mutations contribute to the generation of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and the formation of cerebral plaques, leading to the formulation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis for AD pathogenesis. Many drugs have been developed to inhibit this pathway but all these approaches currently failed, raising the need to find additional pathogenic mechanisms. Alterations in cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling have also been reported as causative of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, Aβ peptides, mutated presenilin-1 (PS1), and presenilin-2 (PS2) variously lead to modifications in Ca2+ homeostasis. In this contribution, we focus on PS2, summarizing how AD-linked PS2 mutants alter multiple Ca2+ pathways and the functional consequences of this Ca2+ dysregulation in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
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31
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Popugaeva E, Bezprozvanny I, Chernyuk D. Reversal of Calcium Dysregulation as Potential Approach for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:344-354. [PMID: 32469698 PMCID: PMC8210816 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200528162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and effort, there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Most of the recent AD clinical trials were targeting amyloid pathway, but all these trials failed. Although amyloid pathology is a hallmark and defining feature of AD, targeting the amyloid pathway has been very challenging due to low efficacy and serious side effects. Alternative approaches or mechanisms for our understanding of the major cause of memory loss in AD need to be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Increasing studies suggest that Ca2+ dysregulation in AD plays an important role in AD pathology and is associated with other AD abnormalities, such as excessive inflammation, increased ROS, impaired autophagy, neurodegeneration, synapse, and cognitive dysfunction. Ca2+ dysregulation in cytosolic space, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria have been reported in the context of various AD models. Drugs or strategies, to correct the Ca2+ dysregulation in AD, have been demonstrated to be promising as an approach for the treatment of AD in preclinical models. This review will discuss the mechanisms of Ca2+ dysregulation in AD and associated pathology and discuss potential approaches or strategies to develop novel drugs for the treatment of AD by targeting Ca2+ dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Daria Chernyuk
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
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Jiang H, Jayadev S, Lardelli M, Newman M. A Review of the Familial Alzheimer's Disease Locus PRESENILIN 2 and Its Relationship to PRESENILIN 1. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1323-1339. [PMID: 30412492 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PRESENILIN 1 (PSEN1) and PRESENILIN 2 (PSEN2) genes are loci for mutations causing familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). However, the function of these genes and how they contribute to fAD pathogenesis has not been fully determined. This review provides a summary of the overlapping and independent functions of the PRESENILINS with a focus on the lesser studied PSEN2. As a core component of the γ-secretase complex, the PSEN2 protein is involved in many γ-secretase-related physiological activities, including innate immunity, Notch signaling, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These physiological activities have all been associated with AD progression, indicating that PSEN2 plays a particular role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Jiang
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Morgan Newman
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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33
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Sushma, Mondal AC. Role of GPCR signaling and calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103414. [PMID: 31655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a late onset neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by the loss of memory, disordered cognitive function, caused by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the neocortex and hippocampal brain area. Extensive research has been done on the findings of the disease etiology or pathological causes of aggregation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein without much promising results. Recently, calcium dysregulation has been reported to play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. Calcium ion acts as one of the major secondary messengers, regulates many signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, transcription and apoptosis. Calcium signaling is one of the major signaling pathways involved in the formation of memory, generation of energy and other physiological functions. It also can modulate function of many proteins upon binding. Dysregulation in calcium homeostasis leads to many physiological changes leading to neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In AD, GPCRs generate secondary messengers which regulate calcium homeostasis inside the cell and is reported to be disturbed in the pathological condition. Calcium channels and receptors present on the plasma membrane and intracellular organelle maintain calcium homeostasis through different signaling mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the different calcium channels and receptors involved in calcium dysregulation which in turn play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Understanding the role of calcium channels and GPCRs to maintain calcium homeostasis is an attempt to develop effective AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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34
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Dehury B, Tang N, Kepp KP. Insights into membrane-bound presenilin 2 from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3196-3210. [PMID: 31405326 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1655481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Presenilins 1 and 2 (PS1 or PS2) are main genetic risk factors of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) that produce the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and also have important stand-alone functions related to, e.g. calcium signaling. Most work so far has focused on PS1, but humans carry both PS1 and PS2, and mutations in both cause AD. Here, we develop a computational model of PS2 in the membrane to address the question how pathogenic PS2 mutations affect the membrane-embedded protein. The models are based on cryo-electron microscopy structures of PS1 translated to PS2, augmented with missing residues and a complete all-atom membrane-water system, and equilibrated using three independent 500-ns simulations of molecular dynamics with a structure-balanced force field. We show that the nine-transmembrane channel structure is substantially controlled by major dynamics in the hydrophilic loop bridging TM6 and TM7, which functions as a 'plug' in the PS2 membrane channel. TM2, TM6, TM7 and TM9 flexibility controls the size of this channel. We find that most pathogenic PS2 mutations significantly reduce stability relative to random mutations, using a statistical ANOVA test with all possible mutations in the affected sites as a control. The associated loss of compactness may also impair calcium affinity. Remarkably, similar properties of the open state are known to impair the binding of substrates to γ-secretase, and we thus argue that the two mechanisms could be functionally related.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budheswar Dehury
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ning Tang
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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35
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Functions and dysfunctions of nitric oxide in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1949-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Zhou J, Song J, Wu S. Autophagic degradation of stromal interaction molecule 2 mediates disruption of neuronal dendrites by endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Neurochem 2019; 151:351-369. [PMID: 31038732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been highlighted as one of the factors involved in axon/dendrite degeneration, which is an early event in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases as well as in acute disorders such as ischemia and axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration. These lines of evidence suggest critical roles of ER stress at the early stage of neurodegeneration, but the relevant mechanism is rarely exploited. In this study, we report that treatment with sublethal level of ER stressors, tunicamycin or brefeldin A, in primary rat neuronal cultures, significantly reduced dendrite arbor. Under the same treatment, either stressor reduced store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and cytosolic calcium, [Ca2+ ]i , which were associated with autophagic degradation of stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2). Knockdown of ATG7 or activating transcription factor 4 completely reversed the reduction of STIM2 and significantly reversed the inhibition of SOCE under ER stress. Overexpression of STIM2 in neurons significantly prevented the ER stress-induced disruption of dendrite arbor. Altogether, our data reveal an unprecedented mechanism by which ER stress induces dendrite degeneration, that is, ER stress induces autophagic degradation of STIM2, leading to ensued SOCE inhibition and reduced [Ca2+ ]i , resulting in trimming effect on dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry, and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Juan Song
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry, and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengzhou Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry, and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin mutants and intracellular Ca 2+ handling: A single-organelle, FRET-based analysis. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:44-56. [PMID: 30822648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis represents an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presenilin-1 and -2 (PS1 and PS2) mutations, the major cause of familial AD (FAD), have been extensively associated with alterations in different Ca2+ signaling pathways, in particular those handled by storage compartments. However, FAD-PSs effect on organelles Ca2+ content is still debated and the mechanism of action of mutant proteins is unclear. To fulfil the need of a direct investigation of intracellular stores Ca2+ dynamics, we here present a detailed and quantitative single-cell analysis of FAD-PSs effects on organelle Ca2+ handling using specifically targeted, FRET (Fluorescence/Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)-based Ca2+ indicators. In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and in patient-derived fibroblasts expressing different FAD-PSs mutations, we directly measured Ca2+ concentration within the main intracellular Ca2+ stores, e.g., Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi Apparatus (GA) medial- and trans-compartment. We unambiguously demonstrate that the expression of FAD-PS2 mutants, but not FAD-PS1, in either SH-SY5Y cells or FAD patient-derived fibroblasts, is able to alter Ca2+ handling of ER and medial-GA, but not trans-GA, reducing, compared to control cells, the Ca2+ content within these organelles by partially blocking SERCA (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) activity. Moreover, by using a cytosolic Ca2+ probe, we show that the expression of both FAD-PS1 and -PS2 reduces the Ca2+ influx activated by stores depletion (Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry; SOCE), by decreasing the expression levels of one of the key molecules, STIM1 (STromal Interaction Molecule 1), controlling this pathway. Our data indicate that FAD-linked PSs mutants differentially modulate the Ca2+ content of intracellular stores yet leading to a complex dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which represents a common disease phenotype of AD.
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38
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Calcium Deregulation and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in GDAP1-Related CMT Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020403. [PMID: 30669311 PMCID: PMC6359725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), a disease arising from mutations in different genes, has been associated with an impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and axonal biology of mitochondria. Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause several forms of CMT neuropathy, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved remain unclear. GDAP1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein highly expressed in neurons. It has been proposed to play a role in different aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress processes, and mitochondrial transport along the axons. Disruption of the mitochondrial network in a neuroblastoma model of GDAP1-related CMT has been shown to decrease Ca2+ entry through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), which caused a failure in stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. In this review, we summarize the different functions proposed for GDAP1 and focus on the consequences for Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial energy production linked to CMT disease caused by different GDAP1 mutations.
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Chandran R, Kumar M, Kesavan L, Jacob RS, Gunasekaran S, Lakshmi S, Sadasivan C, Omkumar R. Cellular calcium signaling in the aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Okubo Y, Mikami Y, Kanemaru K, Iino M. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Ca 2+ Signaling in Neuronal Cell Death. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1147-1157. [PMID: 29361832 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Properly controlled intracellular Ca2+ dynamics is crucial for regulation of neuronal function and survival in the central nervous system. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major intracellular Ca2+ store, plays a critical role as a source and sink for neuronal Ca2+. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence indicates that disrupted ER Ca2+ signaling is involved in neuronal cell death under various pathological conditions, providing novel insight into neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. CRITICAL ISSUES We summarize current knowledge concerning the relationship between abnormal ER Ca2+ dynamics and neuronal cell death. We also introduce recent technical advances for probing ER intraluminal Ca2+ dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on ER Ca2+ signaling are expected to provide progress for unmet medical needs in neurodegenerative disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1147-1157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okubo
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mikami
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kanemaru
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan .,3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- 3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Popugaeva E, Pchitskaya E, Bezprozvanny I. Dysregulation of Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1176-1188. [PMID: 29890840 PMCID: PMC6157344 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) gains popularity. It points to new signaling pathways that may underlie AD pathogenesis. Based on calcium hypothesis, novel targets for the development of potential AD therapies are identified. Recent Advances: Recently, the key role of neuronal store-operated calcium entry (nSOCE) in the development of AD has been described. Correct regulation of nSOCE is necessary for the stability of postsynaptic contacts to preserve the memory formation. Molecular identity of hippocampal nSOCE is defined. Perspective nSOCE-activating molecule, prototype of future anti-AD drugs, is described. CRITICAL ISSUES Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ overload happens in many but not in all AD models. The nSOCE targeting therapy described in this review may not be universally applicable. FUTURE DIRECTIONS There is a need to determine whether AD is a syndrome with one critical signaling pathway that initiates pathology, or it is a disorder with many different signaling pathways that are disrupted simultaneously or one after each other. It is necessary to validate applicability of nSOCE-activating therapy for the development of anti-AD medication. There is an experimental correlation between downregulated nSOCE and disrupted postsynaptic contacts in AD mouse models. Signaling mechanisms downstream of nSOCE which are responsible for the regulation of stability of postsynaptic contacts have to be discovered. That will bring new targets for the development of AD-preventing therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1176-1188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University , St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University , St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University , St.Petersburg, Russian Federation.,2 Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas
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42
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Wegierski T, Kuznicki J. Neuronal calcium signaling via store-operated channels in health and disease. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:102-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Sarasija S, Norman KR. Role of Presenilin in Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7090111. [PMID: 30149498 PMCID: PMC6162450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are poised to become a global health crisis, and therefore understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. Mutations in genes encoding presenilin (PSEN) occur in most familial Alzheimer’s disease but the role of PSEN in AD is not fully understood. In this review, the potential modes of pathogenesis of AD are discussed, focusing on calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Moreover, research using Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the effects of calcium dysregulation due to presenilin mutations on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaarika Sarasija
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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44
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Tong BCK, Wu AJ, Li M, Cheung KH. Calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease & therapies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1745-1760. [PMID: 30059692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Much attention has been given to develop AD treatments based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis; however, none of these drugs had good efficacy at improving cognitive functions in AD patients suggesting that Aβ might not be the disease origin. Thus, there are urgent needs for the development of new therapies that target on the proximal cause of AD. Cellular calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate important facets of neuronal physiology. An increasing body of evidence suggests that age-related dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis may play a proximal role in the pathogenesis of AD as disrupted Ca2+ could induce synaptic deficits and promote the accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given that Ca2+ disruption is ubiquitously involved in all AD pathologies, it is likely that using chemical agents or small molecules specific to Ca2+ channels or handling proteins on the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular organelles to correct neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation could open up a new approach to AD prevention and treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ dysregulation with AD pathologies and discusses the possibility of correcting neuronal Ca2+ disruption as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aston Jiaxi Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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45
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Gopurappilly R, Deb BK, Chakraborty P, Hasan G. Stable STIM1 Knockdown in Self-Renewing Human Neural Precursors Promotes Premature Neural Differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:178. [PMID: 29942250 PMCID: PMC6004407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a significant role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system where it regulates neurite growth as well as synapse and neurotransmitter specification. Elucidating the role of Ca2+ signaling in mammalian neuronal development has been largely restricted to either small animal models or primary cultures. Here we derived human neural precursor cells (NPCs) from human embryonic stem cells to understand the functional significance of a less understood arm of calcium signaling, Store-operated Ca2+ entry or SOCE, in neuronal development. Human NPCs exhibited robust SOCE, which was significantly attenuated by expression of a stable shRNA-miR targeted toward the SOCE molecule, STIM1. Along with the plasma membrane channel Orai, STIM is an essential component of SOCE in many cell types, where it regulates gene expression. Therefore, we measured global gene expression in human NPCs with and without STIM1 knockdown. Interestingly, pathways down-regulated through STIM1 knockdown were related to cell proliferation and DNA replication processes, whereas post-synaptic signaling was identified as an up-regulated process. To understand the functional significance of these gene expression changes we measured the self-renewal capacity of NPCs with STIM1 knockdown. The STIM1 knockdown NPCs demonstrated significantly reduced neurosphere size and number as well as precocious spontaneous differentiation toward the neuronal lineage, as compared to control cells. These findings demonstrate that STIM1 mediated SOCE in human NPCs regulates gene expression changes, that in vivo are likely to physiologically modulate the self-renewal and differentiation of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjitha Gopurappilly
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bipan Kumar Deb
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pragnya Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disease influencing a multitude of outcomes, including memory function. Recent work suggests that memory may be influenced by exercise ('memorcise'), even among those with AD. The present narrative review details (1) the underlying mechanisms of AD; (2) whether exercise has a protective effect in preventing AD; (3) the mechanisms through which exercise may help to prevent AD; (4) the mechanisms through which exercise may help attenuate the progression of AD severity among those with existing AD; (5) the effects and mechanisms through which exercise is associated with memory among those with existing AD; and (6) exercise recommendations for those with existing AD. Such an understanding will aid clinicians in their ability to use exercise as a potential behavioral strategy to help prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Emily Frith
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
| | - Pamela Ponce
- a Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA
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47
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Britzolaki A, Saurine J, Flaherty E, Thelen C, Pitychoutis PM. The SERCA2: A Gatekeeper of Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis in the Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:981-994. [PMID: 29663107 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are prominent cell signaling regulators that carry information for a variety of cellular processes and are critical for neuronal survival and function. Furthermore, Ca2+ acts as a prominent second messenger that modulates divergent intracellular cascades in the nerve cells. Therefore, nerve cells have developed intricate Ca2+ signaling pathways to couple the Ca2+ signal to their biochemical machinery. Notably, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis greatly relies on the rapid redistribution of Ca2+ ions into the diverse subcellular organelles which serve as Ca2+ stores, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is well established that Ca2+ released into the neuronal cytoplasm is pumped back into the ER by the sarco-/ER Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2), a P-type ion-motive ATPase that resides on the ER membrane. Even though the SERCA2 is constitutively expressed in nerve cells, its precise role in brain physiology and pathophysiology is not well-characterized. Intriguingly, SERCA2-dependent Ca2+ dysregulation has been implicated in several disorders that affect cognitive function, including Darier's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebral ischemia. The current review summarizes knowledge on the expression pattern of the different SERCA2 isoforms in the nervous system, and further discusses evidence of SERCA2 dysregulation in various neuropsychiatric disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature review that specifically highlights the critical role of the SERCA2 in the brain. Advancing knowledge on the role of SERCA2 in maintaining neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis may ultimately lead to the development of safer and more effective pharmacotherapies to combat debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Britzolaki
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Joseph Saurine
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Emily Flaherty
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Connor Thelen
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA
| | - Pothitos M Pitychoutis
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2320, USA.
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48
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Zhang S, Chai R, Yang YY, Guo SQ, Wang S, Guo T, Xu SF, Zhang YH, Wang ZY, Guo C. Chronic diabetic states worsen Alzheimer neuropathology and cognitive deficits accompanying disruption of calcium signaling in leptin-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43617-43634. [PMID: 28467789 PMCID: PMC5546429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coincidences between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate that diabetic conditions might aggravate AD pathologies by calcium dysfunction, although the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved remains elusive. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether calcium dyshomeostasis is associated with the exacerbated Alzheimer-like cognitive dysfunction observed in diabetic conditions in APP/PS1-ob/ob mice, which were generated by crossing ob/ob mice with APP/PS1 mice. We confirmed that the diabetic condition can aggravate not only Aβ deposition but also tau phosphorylation, synaptic loss, neuronal death, and inflammation, exacerbating cognitive impairment in AD mice. More importantly, we found that the diabetic condition dramatically elevated calcium levels in APP/PS1 mice, thereby stimulating the phosphorylation of the calcium-dependent kinases. Our findings suggest that controlling over-elevation of intracellular calcium may provide novel insights for approaching AD in diabetic patients and delaying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Pchitskaya E, Popugaeva E, Bezprozvanny I. Calcium signaling and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Calcium 2018; 70:87-94. [PMID: 28728834 PMCID: PMC5748019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates various activities in eukaryotic cells. Especially important role calcium plays in excitable cells. Neurons require extremely precise spatial-temporal control of calcium-dependent processes because they regulate such vital functions as synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence indicates that neuronal calcium signaling is abnormal in many of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These diseases represent a major medical, social, financial and scientific problem, but despite enormous research efforts, they are still incurable and only symptomatic relief drugs are available. Thus, new approaches and targets are needed. This review highlight neuronal calcium-signaling abnormalities in these diseases, with particular emphasis on the role of neuronal store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway and its potential relevance as a therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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50
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Adiele RC, Adiele CA. Mitochondrial Regulatory Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1257-70. [PMID: 27392851 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative brain disorder with progressive cognitive decline that leads to terminal dementia and death. For decades, amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation hypotheses have dominated studies on the pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets in AD. Little attention has been paid to the mitochondrial molecular/biochemical pathways leading to AD. Mitochondria play a critical role in cell viability and death including neurons and neuroglia, not only because they regulate energy and oxygen metabolism but also because they regulate cell death pathways. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Interestingly, current therapeutics provide symptomatic benefits to AD patients resulting in the use of preventive trials on presymptomatic subjects. This review article elucidates the pathophysiology of AD and emphasizes the need to explore the mitochondrial pathways to provide solutions to unanswered questions in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald C Adiele
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chiedukam A Adiele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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