1
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Peng Y, Cheong S, Lu F, He Y. Dermal white adipose tissue: Development and impact on hair follicles, skin defense, and fibrosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70047. [PMID: 39292527 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400653r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) is a distinctive adipose depot located within the lower dermis of the skin. Its significance as an ancillary fat in skin homoeostasis has recently received increased attention. New research has revealed that DWAT responses to skin pathology and physiology changes, impacting skin development, hair cycling, defense mechanisms, and fibrotic conditions. In this review, we explore the developmental process of DWAT and the adipose commitment timing of hypodermal. We explore the development process of DWAT and its pivotal role in regulating the hair cycle. We conclude the antibacterial activity and reversible dedifferentiation of dermal adipocytes in response to skin defense. Furthermore, we underscore the potentially crucial yet underestimated anti-fibrotic functions of DWAT-derived adipokines and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Peng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Sousan Cheong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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2
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Tang X, Wang J, Chen J, Liu W, Qiao P, Quan H, Li Z, Dang E, Wang G, Shao S. Epidermal stem cells: skin surveillance and clinical perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:779. [PMID: 39169334 PMCID: PMC11340167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin epidermis is continually influenced by a myriad of internal and external elements. At its basal layer reside epidermal stem cells, which fuels epidermal renovation and hair regeneration with powerful self-renewal ability, as well as keeping diverse signals that direct their activity under surveillance with quick response. The importance of epidermal stem cells in wound healing and immune-related skin conditions has been increasingly recognized, and their potential for clinical applications is attracting attention. In this review, we delve into recent advancements and the various physiological and psychological factors that govern distinct epidermal stem cell populations, including psychological stress, mechanical forces, chronic aging, and circadian rhythm, as well as providing an overview of current methodological approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic role of epidermal stem cells in immune-related skin disorders and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Huiyi Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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3
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Tan CT, Lim CY, Lay K. Modelling Human Hair Follicles-Lessons from Animal Models and Beyond. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:312. [PMID: 38785794 PMCID: PMC11117913 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a specialized appendage of the skin that is critical for multiple functions, including thermoregulation, immune surveillance, and sebum production. Mammals are born with a fixed number of hair follicles that develop embryonically. Postnatally, these hair follicles undergo regenerative cycles of regression and growth that recapitulate many of the embryonic signaling pathways. Furthermore, hair cycles have a direct impact on skin regeneration in homeostasis, cutaneous wound healing, and disease conditions such as alopecia. Here, we review the current knowledge of hair follicle formation during embryonic development and the post-natal hair cycle, with an emphasis on the molecular signaling pathways underlying these processes. We then discuss efforts to capitalize on the field's understanding of in vivo mechanisms to bioengineer hair follicles or hair-bearing skin in vitro and how such models may be further improved to develop strategies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lay
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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4
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Tierney MT, Polak L, Yang Y, Abdusselamoglu MD, Baek I, Stewart KS, Fuchs E. Vitamin A resolves lineage plasticity to orchestrate stem cell lineage choices. Science 2024; 383:eadi7342. [PMID: 38452090 PMCID: PMC11177320 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lineage plasticity-a state of dual fate expression-is required to release stem cells from their niche constraints and redirect them to tissue compartments where they are most needed. In this work, we found that without resolving lineage plasticity, skin stem cells cannot effectively generate each lineage in vitro nor regrow hair and repair wounded epidermis in vivo. A small-molecule screen unearthed retinoic acid as a critical regulator. Combining high-throughput approaches, cell culture, and in vivo mouse genetics, we dissected its roles in tissue regeneration. We found that retinoic acid is made locally in hair follicle stem cell niches, where its levels determine identity and usage. Our findings have therapeutic implications for hair growth as well as chronic wounds and cancers, where lineage plasticity is unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Tierney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lisa Polak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Merve Deniz Abdusselamoglu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Katherine S Stewart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
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5
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Zhang B, Chen T. Local and systemic mechanisms that control the hair follicle stem cell niche. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:87-100. [PMID: 37903969 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles are essential appendages of the mammalian skin, as hair performs vital functions of protection, thermoregulation and sensation. Hair follicles harbour exceptional regenerative abilities as they contain multiple somatic stem cell populations such as hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and melanocyte stem cells. Surrounding the stem cells and their progeny, diverse groups of cells and extracellular matrix proteins are organized to form a microenvironment (called 'niche') that serves to promote and maintain the optimal functioning of these stem cell populations. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate nature of the HFSC niche and its crucial role in regulating hair follicle regeneration. In this Review, we describe how the niche serves as a signalling hub, communicating, deciphering and integrating both local signals within the skin and systemic inputs from the body and environment to modulate HFSC activity. We delve into the recent advancements in identifying the cellular and molecular nature of the niche, providing a holistic perspective on its essential functions in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Li C, He X, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang R, An X, Yue Y. Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequence Profiling on the Morphogenesis of Secondary Hair Follicles in Ordos Fine-Wool Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:584. [PMID: 38203755 PMCID: PMC10779399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ordos fine-wool sheep is a high-quality breed in China that produces superior natural textiles and raw materials such as wool and lamb meat. However, compared to the Australian Merino sheep, there is still a gap in terms of the wool fiber fineness and wool yield. The hair follicle is the main organ that controls the type of wool fiber, and the morphological changes in the secondary hair follicle are crucial in determining wool quality. However, the process and molecular mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis in Ordos fine-wool sheep are not yet clear. Therefore, analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of follicle formation is of great significance for improving the fiber diameter and wool production of Ordos fine-wool sheep. The differential expressed genes, APOD, POSTN, KRT5, and KRT15, which related to primary hair follicles and secondary hair follicles, were extracted from the dermal papillae. Based on pseudo-time analysis, the differentiation trajectories of dermal lineage cells and epidermal lineage cells in the Ordos fine-wool sheep were successfully constructed, providing a theoretical basis for breeding research in Ordos fine-wool sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jianye Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.L.)
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
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7
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Cui Z, Wei H, Goding C, Cui R. Stem cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and regulation. Life Sci 2023; 334:122240. [PMID: 37925141 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
As a population of homogeneous cells with both self-renewal and differentiation potential, stem cell pools are highly compartmentalized and contain distinct subsets that exhibit stable but limited heterogeneity during homeostasis. However, their striking plasticity is showcased under natural or artificial stress, such as injury, transplantation, cancer, and aging, leading to changes in their phenotype, constitution, metabolism, and function. The complex and diverse network of cell-extrinsic niches and signaling pathways, together with cell-intrinsic genetic and epigenetic regulators, tightly regulate both the heterogeneity during homeostasis and the plasticity under perturbation. Manipulating these factors offers better control of stem cell behavior and a potential revolution in the current state of regenerative medicine. However, disruptions of normal regulation by genetic mutation or excessive plasticity acquisition may contribute to the formation of tumors. By harnessing innovative techniques that enhance our understanding of stem cell heterogeneity and employing novel approaches to maximize the utilization of stem cell plasticity, stem cell therapy holds immense promise for revolutionizing the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Cui
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Hope Wei
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Colin Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Abstract
Diseases affecting the hair follicle are common in domestic animals, but despite the importance of an intact skin barrier and a fully functional hair coat, knowledge about the detailed morphological features and the diversity of these complex mini-organs are often limited, although mandatory to evaluate skin biopsies with a history of alopecia. The factors that regulate the innate hair follicle formation and the postnatal hair cycle are still not completely understood in rodents, only rudimentarily known in humans, and are poorly understood in our companion animals. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about hair follicle and hair shaft anatomy, the arrangement of hair follicles, hair follicle morphogenesis in the embryo, and the lifelong regeneration during the postnatal hair cycle in domestic animals. The role of follicular stem cells and the need for a multitude of interacting signaling events during hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration is unquestioned. Because of the lack of state of the art methods that can be applied in rodents but are not feasible in companion animals, most of the information in this review is based on rodent studies. However, the few data from domestic animals that are available will be discussed, and it can be assumed that at least the principal molecular mechanisms are similar in rodents and other species.
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9
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Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J, Opyd P, Machcińska-Zielińska S, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Dermal white adipose tissue development and metabolism: The role of transcription factor Foxn1. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23171. [PMID: 37682531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intradermal adipocytes form dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a unique fat depot localized in the lower layer of the dermis. However, recognition of molecular factors regulating dWAT development, homeostasis, and bioactivity is limited. Using Foxn1-/- and Foxn1+/+ mice, we demonstrated that epidermally expressed Foxn1 regulates dWAT development and defines the adipogenic capacity of dermal fibroblasts. In intact and post-wounded skin, Foxn1 contributes to the initial stimulation of dWAT adipogenesis and participates in the modulation of lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, Foxn1 activity strengthens adipogenic processes through Bmp2 and Igf2 signaling and regulates lipid metabolism in differentiated dermal fibroblasts. The results reveal the contribution of Foxn1 to dWAT metabolism, thus identifying possible targets for modulation and regulation of dWAT in physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walendzik
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcińska-Zielińska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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10
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Dhouailly D. Evo Devo of the Vertebrates Integument. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:25. [PMID: 37367479 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All living jawed vertebrates possess teeth or did so ancestrally. Integumental surface also includes the cornea. Conversely, no other anatomical feature differentiates the clades so readily as skin appendages do, multicellular glands in amphibians, hair follicle/gland complexes in mammals, feathers in birds, and the different types of scales. Tooth-like scales are characteristic of chondrichthyans, while mineralized dermal scales are characteristic of bony fishes. Corneous epidermal scales might have appeared twice, in squamates, and on feet in avian lineages, but posteriorly to feathers. In contrast to the other skin appendages, the origin of multicellular glands of amphibians has never been addressed. In the seventies, pioneering dermal-epidermal recombination between chick, mouse and lizard embryos showed that: (1) the clade type of the appendage is determined by the epidermis; (2) their morphogenesis requires two groups of dermal messages, first for primordia formation, second for appendage final architecture; (3) the early messages were conserved during amniotes evolution. Molecular biology studies that have identified the involved pathways, extending those data to teeth and dermal scales, suggest that the different vertebrate skin appendages evolved in parallel from a shared placode/dermal cells unit, present in a common toothed ancestor, c.a. 420 mya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dhouailly
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
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11
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Duran C, Barcenas M, Wang Q. Modeling of ionizing radiation induced hair follicle regenerative dynamics. J Theor Biol 2022; 555:111283. [PMID: 36181867 PMCID: PMC10151310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are stem-cell-rich mammalian mini-organs that can undergo cyclic regenerations over the life span of the organism. The cycle of a HF consists of three consecutive phases: anagen-the active proliferation phase, catagen-the degeneration phase, and telogen-the resting phase. While HFs undergo irreversible degeneration during catagen, recent experimental research on mice shows that when anagen HFs are subject to ionizing radiation (IR), they undergo a transient degeneration, followed by a nearly full regeneration that makes the HFs return to homeostatic state. The mechanisms underlying these IR-induced HF regenerative dynamics and the catagen degenerative dynamics, remain unknown. In this work, we develop an ODE type cell differentiation population model to study the control mechanisms of HF regeneration. The model is built based on current theoretical knowledge in biology and mathematically formulated using feedback mechanisms. Model parameters are calibrated to IR experimental data, and we then provide modeling results with both deterministic ODE simulations and corresponding stochastic simulations. We perform stability and bifurcation analyses on the ODE model, which reveal that for anagen HFs, a low spontaneous apoptosis rate secures the stability of the HF homeostatic steady state, allowing the HF to regenerate even when subject to strong IR. On the other hand, the irreversible degeneration during catagen results from both strong spontaneous apoptosis rate and strong apoptosis feedback. Lastly, we perform sensitivity analysis to identify key parameters in the model to validate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Duran
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Barcenas
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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12
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Contributed to Min Pig Villi Hair Follicle in Different Seasons. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110639. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Min pig, a local pig breed in China, has a special trait which has intermittent villus and coat hair regeneration. However, the regulation and mechanism of villus in Min pigs have not yet been described. We observed and described the phenotype of Min pig dermal villi in detail and sequenced the mRNA transcriptome of Min pig hair follicles. A total of 1520 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were obtained.K-means hierarchical clustering showed that there was a significant expression pattern difference in winter compared with summer. Gene enrichment and network analysis results showed that the hair growth in Min pigs was closely related to the composition of desmosomes and regulated by an interaction network composed of eight core genes, namely DSP, DSC3, DSG4, PKP1, TGM1, KRT4, KRT15, and KRT84. Methylation analysis of promoters of target genes showed that the PKP1 gene was demethylated. Our study will help to supplement current knowledge of the growth mechanism of different types of hair.
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13
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Yamaguchi H, Shen J, Little DR, Li M, Sozen S, Suzuki K, Mishina Y, Komatsu Y. Enhanced BMP signaling through ALK2 attenuates keratinocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:101-105. [PMID: 36116371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated studies have suggested that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical for skin development. However, it remains elusive how BMP signaling via ALK2 (aka ACVR1), one of the important BMP type I receptors, regulates keratinocyte differentiation. To address this question, we utilized a genetic system that enhances BMP signaling via ALK2 in an epidermis-specific manner in mice (hereafter ca-Alk2:K14-Cre). Ca-Alk2:K14-Cre mice displayed a sticky and hairless skin phenotype with a thinner epidermis incapable of differentiating. Although cellular proliferation and survival were comparable between wild-type and ca-Alk2:K14-Cre mice, skin differentiation was severely hampered in ca-Alk2:K14-Cre mice. To uncover the mechanism of altered keratinocyte differentiation, we performed a transcriptome analysis. As a result, we found that the expression levels of cell cycle inhibitor p21 were increased in ca-Alk2:K14-Cre mice. Our findings suggest that aberrant BMP signaling via ALK2 positively regulates p21 expression that attenuates keratinocyte differentiation, and further highlights the critical role of BMP signaling in skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingling Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Danielle R Little
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Margaret Li
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Rice University Wiess School of Natural Science, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Serra Sozen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Reveals That lncRNA-H19 Promotes Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation through the Chi-miR-214-3p/β-Catenin Axis in Cashmere Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710006. [PMID: 36077403 PMCID: PMC9456307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere is initiated and develops in the fetal stages and the number and density of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) determine cashmere production and quality. Growing evidence indicates that both microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play an indispensable role in hair follicle (HF) growth and development. However, little is known about miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their functions as well as their interactions during cashmere initiation and development. Here, based on lncRNA and miRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified 10,485 lncRNAs, 40,639 mRNAs, and 605 miRNAs in cashmere goat skin during HF induction, organogenesis, and cytodifferentiation stages. Among them, 521 lncRNAs, 5976 genes, and 204 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). KEGG analysis of DE genes indicated that ECM–receptor interaction and biosynthesis of amino acids were crucial for HF development. Notch, TGF-beta, and Wnt signaling pathways were also identified, which are conventional pathways associated with HF growth and development. Then, the ceRNA regulatory network was constructed, and the impact of lncRNA H19 was investigated in dermal papilla (DP) cells. The MTT, CCK-8, and EdU assays showed that the viability and proliferation of DP cells were promoted by H19, and mechanistic studies suggested that H19 performed its function through the chi-miR-214-3p/β-catenin axis. The present study created a resource for lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA studies in cashmere morphogenesis. It could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs involved in the regulation of HF growth and development.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4 rescues the bone regenerative potential of old muscle-derived stem cells via regulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:385. [PMID: 35907860 PMCID: PMC9338549 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). BMP4 also promotes the self-renewal of both embryonic and somatic stem cells; however, BMP4 signaling activity significantly decreases with age. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P16INK4A (P16) and P18INK4C (P18) induce early G1-phase cell cycle blockade by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6. It is still unclear if BMP4 affects the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs through regulation of P16 and P18 expression. METHODS Young and old MDSCs were isolated from 3 week (young) and 2-year-old (old) mice. In vitro cell proliferation and multipotent differentiation were performed for young and old MDSCs both before and after BMP4/GFP transduction. Cell cycle genes were analyzed using Q-PCR. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs transduced with BMP4/GFP were compared using Micro-CT and histological analysis. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs was also compared between single and double transduction (higher BMP4 levels expression). The cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation was also compared in vitro between cells that have been transduced with BMP4GFP (single and double transduction). The correlation of bone regeneration capacity of young and old MDSCs with P16 and P18 expression was further evaluated at 10 days after cell transplantation using histology and western blot analysis. RESULTS Old murine MDSCs (MDSCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential with or without BMP4 stimulation, when compared to young murine MDSCs. Old MDSCs express significantly higher P16 and lower P18, with more cells in the G0/1 phase and fewer cells in the G2/M phase, compared to young MDSCs. Old MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express BMP4 regenerated less bone in a critical size skull defect in CD-1 nude mice when compared to young retrovirally transduced MDSCs expressing similar BMP4 levels and contribute less to the new regenerated new bone. Importantly, both young and old MDSCs can regenerate more bone when BMP4 expression levels are increased by double-transduction with the retroviral-BMP4/GFP. However, the bone regeneration enhancement with elevated BMP4 was more profound in old MDSCs (400% at 2 weeks) compared to young MDSCs (200%). Accordingly, P18 is upregulated while P16 is downregulated after BMP4 transduction. Double transduction did not further increase cell proliferation nor mitochondrial function but did significantly increase Osx expression in both young and old MDSCs. Old MDSCs had even significant higher Osx levels as compared to young MDSCs following double transduction, while a similar Alp expression was observed between young and old MDSCs after double transduction. In addition, at 10 days after cell transplantation, old MDSCs having undergone double transduction regenerated bone more rapidly as showed by Alcian blue and Von Kossa staining. Western blot assays demonstrated that old MDSCs after retro-BMP4/GFP double transduction have significantly lower P18 expression levels when compared to young BMP4-transduced MDSCs. In addition, P18 expression was slightly increased in old MDSCs after double transduction when compared to single transduction. P16 expression was not detectable for both young and two old BMP4/GFP transduced MDSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, BMP4 can offset the adverse effect of aging on the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs via up-regulation of P18 and down-regulation P16 expression.
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16
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Jadeja SD, Tobin DJ. Autoantigen Discovery in the Hair Loss Disorder, Alopecia Areata: Implication of Post-Translational Modifications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890027. [PMID: 35720384 PMCID: PMC9205194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, multifactorial, polygenic, and heterogeneous disorder affecting growing hair follicles in susceptible individuals, which results in a non-scarring and reversible hair loss with a highly unpredictable course. Despite very considerable research effort, the nature of the precipitating factor(s) responsible for initiating AA in any given hair follicle remains unclear, due largely to significant gaps in our knowledge of the precise sequence of the etiopathogenic events in this dermatosis. However, disease-related changes in the immune-competence of the lower growing hair follicle, together with an active immune response (humoral and cellular) to hair follicle-associated antigens, are key associated phenomena. Confirmation of the hair follicle antigen(s) implicated in AA disease onset has remained stubbornly elusive. While it may be considered somewhat philosophical by some, it is also unclear whether immune-mediated hair loss in AA results from a) an ectopic (i.e., in an abnormal location) immune response to native (unmodified) self-antigens expressed by the healthy hair follicle, b) a normal immune response against modified self-antigens (or neoantigens), or c) a normal immune response against self-antigens (modified/non-modified) that were not previously visible to the immune system (because they were conformationally-hidden or sequestered) but become exposed and presentable in an MHC-I/-II molecule-restricted manner. While some candidate hair follicle antigen target(s) in AA are beginning to emerge, with a potential role for trichohyalin, it is not yet clear whether this represents the initial and immunodominant antigenic focus in AA or is simply one of an expanding repertoire of exposed hair follicle tissue damage-associated antigens that are secondary to the disease. Confirmation of autoantigen identity is essential for our understanding of AA etiopathogenesis, and consequently for developing a more informed therapeutic strategy. Major strides have been made in autoantigen discovery in other autoimmune conditions. In particular, some of these conditions may provide insights into how post-translational modifications (e.g., citrullination, deamidation, etc.) of hair follicle-restricted proteins may increase their antigenicity and so help drive the anti-hair follicle immune attack in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz D. Jadeja
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Yang M, Weng T, Zhang W, Zhang M, He X, Han C, Wang X. The Roles of Non-coding RNA in the Development and Regeneration of Hair Follicles: Current Status and Further Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720879. [PMID: 34708037 PMCID: PMC8542792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common problem that affects almost every age group and is considered to be an issue for cosmetic or psychiatric reasons. The loss of hair follicles (HFs) and hair caused by alopecia impairs self-esteem, thermoregulation, tactile sensation and protection from ultraviolet light. One strategy to solve this problem is HF regeneration. Many signalling pathways and molecules participate in the morphology and regeneration of HF, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Notch. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have significant modulatory roles in HF development and regeneration via regulation of these signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future prospects of ncRNAs in HF regeneration and could prompt novel ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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de Groot SC, Ulrich MMW, Gho CG, Huisman MA. Back to the Future: From Appendage Development Toward Future Human Hair Follicle Neogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661787. [PMID: 33912569 PMCID: PMC8075059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair disorders such as alopecia and hirsutism often impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. This also holds true for patients with severe burns who have lost their hair follicles (HFs). HFs stimulate proper wound healing and prevent scar formation; thus, HF research can benefit numerous patients. Although hair development and hair disorders are intensively studied, human HF development has not been fully elucidated. Research on human fetal material is often subject to restrictions, and thus development, disease, and wound healing studies remain largely dependent on time-consuming and costly animal studies. Although animal experiments have yielded considerable and useful information, it is increasingly recognized that significant differences exist between animal and human skin and that it is important to obtain meaningful human models. Human disease specific models could therefore play a key role in future therapy. To this end, hair organoids or hair-bearing skin-on-chip created from the patient’s own cells can be used. To create such a complex 3D structure, knowledge of hair genesis, i.e., the early developmental process, is indispensable. Thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying how HF progenitor cells within human fetal skin form hair buds and subsequently HFs is of interest. Organoid studies have shown that nearly all organs can be recapitulated as mini-organs by mimicking embryonic conditions and utilizing the relevant morphogens and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, knowledge of the cellular and ECM proteins in the skin of human fetuses is critical to understand the evolution of epithelial tissues, including skin appendages. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the cellular changes occurring during human skin and HF development. We further discuss the potential implementation of this knowledge in establishing a human in vitro model of a full skin substitute containing hair follicles and the subsequent translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C de Groot
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, Netherlands.,Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Coen G Gho
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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20
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Song Z, Chen X, Zhao Q, Stanic V, Lin Z, Yang S, Chen T, Chen J, Yang Y. Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1964-1974. [PMID: 33675791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the TRPV3 gene can cause Olmsted syndrome characterized by palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma, itch, and hair loss. The mechanism underlying the hair loss remains unclear. In this study, we engineered an Olmsted syndrome mouse model by introducing the point mutation G568V to the corresponding Trpv3 locus in the mice. These mice developed fully penetrant hair loss. The hair loss was associated with premature differentiation of follicular keratinocytes characterized by precocious degeneration of trichohyalin and keratins, increased production of deiminated proteins, elevated apoptosis, and attenuation of transcription regulators (Foxn1, Msx2, Dlx3, and Gata3) known to regulate hair follicle differentiation. These abnormalities occurred in the medial‒proximal region of the inner root sheath and the hair shaft, where Trpv3 is highly expressed, and correlated with an impaired formation of the hair canal and the hair shaft. The mutant Trpv3 mice also exhibited increased proliferation in the outer root sheath, accelerated hair cycle, reduction of hair follicle stem cells, and miniaturization of regenerated hair follicles. Findings from this study suggest that precocious maturation of postmitotic follicular keratinocytes drives hair loss in patients with Olmsted syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Song
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Vesna Stanic
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Ceruti JM, Oppenheimer FM, Leirós GJ, Balañá ME. Androgens downregulate BMP2 impairing the inductive role of dermal papilla cells on hair follicle stem cells differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111096. [PMID: 33259912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle cyclical regeneration is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. During androgenetic alopecia (AGA), hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) differentiation is impaired by deregulation of dermal papilla cells (DPC) secreted factors. We analyzed androgen influence on BMPs expression in DPC and their effect on HFSC differentiation to hair lineage. Androgens downregulated BMP2 and BMP4 in DPC spheroids. Addition of BMP2 restored alkaline phosphatase activity, marker of hair-inductivity in DPC, and DPC-induced HFSC differentiation, both inhibited by androgens. Concomitantly, in differentiating HFSC, an upregulation of BMPRIa and BMPRII receptors and nuclear β-catenin accumulation, indicative of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, were detected. Our results present BMP2 as an androgen-downregulated paracrine factor that contributes to DPC inductivity and favors DPC-induced HFSC differentiation to hair lineage, possibly through a crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. A comprehensive understanding of androgen-deregulated DPC factors and their effects on differentiating HFSC would help to improve treatments for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta María Ceruti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - Florencia Maia Oppenheimer
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - Gustavo José Leirós
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Balañá
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina.
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22
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Qiu W, Gu PR, Chuong CM, Lei M. Skin Cyst: A Pathological Dead-End With a New Twist of Morphogenetic Potentials in Organoid Cultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628114. [PMID: 33511139 PMCID: PMC7835531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cyst is a closed sac-like structure in which cyst walls wrap certain contents typically including air, fluid, lipid, mucous, or keratin. Cyst cells can retain multipotency to regenerate complex tissue architectures, or to differentiate. Cysts can form in and outside the skin due to genetic problems, errors in embryonic development, cellular defects, chronic inflammation, infections, blockages of ducts, parasites, and injuries. Multiple types of skin cysts have been identified with different cellular origins, with a common structure including the outside cyst wall engulfs differentiated suprabasal layers and keratins. The skin cyst is usually used as a sign in pathological diagnosis. Large or surfaced skin cysts affect patients' appearance and may cause the dysfunction or accompanying diseases of adjacent tissues. Skin cysts form as a result of the degradation of skin epithelium and appendages, retaining certain characteristics of multipotency. Surprisingly, recent organoid cultures show the formation of cyst configuration as a transient state toward more morphogenetic possibility. These results suggest, if we can learn more about the molecular circuits controlling upstream and downstream cellular events in cyst formation, we may be able to engineer stem cell cultures toward the phenotypes we wish to achieve. For pathological conditions in patients, we speculate it may also be possible to guide the cyst to differentiate or de-differentiate to generate structures more akin to normal architecture and compatible with skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Rong Gu
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- “111” Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Chen Y, Huang J, Liu Z, Chen R, Fu D, Yang L, Wang J, Du L, Wen L, Miao Y, Hu Z. miR-140-5p in Small Extracellular Vesicles From Human Papilla Cells Stimulates Hair Growth by Promoting Proliferation of Outer Root Sheath and Hair Matrix Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593638. [PMID: 33425897 PMCID: PMC7793747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of dermal papilla cells to hair follicle (HF) regeneration has attracted a great deal of attention. However, cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs) tend to lose their capacity to induce hair growth during passage, restricting their usefulness. Accumulating evidence indicates that DPCs regulate HF growth mainly through their unique paracrine properties, raising the possibility of therapies based on extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we explored the effects of EVs from high- and low-passage human scalp follicle dermal papilla cells (DP-EVs) on activation of hair growth, and investigated the underlying mechanism. DP-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and cultured with human scalp follicles, hair matrix cells (MxCs), and outer root sheath cells (ORSCs), and we found low-passage DP-EVs accelerated HF elongation and cell proliferation activation. High-throughput miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified 100 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between low- (P3) and high- (P8) passage DP-EVs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of 1803 overlapping target genes revealed significant enrichment in the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathways. BMP2 was identified as a hub of the overlapping genes. miR-140-5p, which was highly enriched in low-passage DP-EVs, was identified as a potential regulator of BMP2. Direct repression of BMP2 by miR-140-5p was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, overexpression and inhibition of miR-140-5p in DP-EVs suppressed and increased expression of BMP signaling components, respectively, indicating that this miRNA plays a critical role in hair growth and cell proliferation. DP-EVs transport miR-140-5p from DPCs to epithelial cells, where it downregulates BMP2. Therefore, DPC-derived vesicular miR-140-5p represents a therapeutic target for alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lunan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Daszczuk P, Mazurek P, Pieczonka TD, Olczak A, Boryń ŁM, Kobielak K. An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595178. [PMID: 33363148 PMCID: PMC7758224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores and summarizes recent progress in and the characterization of main players in the regulation and cyclic regeneration of hair follicles. The review discusses current views and discoveries on the molecular mechanisms that allow hair follicle stem cells (hfSCs) to synergistically integrate homeostasis during quiescence and activation. Discussion elaborates on a model that shows how different populations of skin stem cells coalesce intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, resulting in the maintenance of stemness and hair regenerative potential during an organism’s lifespan. Primarily, we focus on the question of how the intrinsic oscillation of gene networks in hfSCs sense and respond to the surrounding niche environment. The review also investigates the existence of a cell-autonomous mechanism and the reciprocal interactions between molecular signaling axes in hfSCs and niche components, which demonstrates its critical driving force in either the activation of whole mini-organ regeneration or quiescent homeostasis maintenance. These exciting novel discoveries in skin stem cells and the surrounding niche components propose a model of the intrinsic stem cell oscillator which is potentially instructive for translational regenerative medicine. Further studies, deciphering of the distribution of molecular signals coupled with the nature of their oscillation within the stem cells and niche environments, may impact the speed and efficiency of various approaches that could stimulate the development of self-renewal and cell-based therapies for hair follicle stem cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Daszczuk
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Mazurek
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz D Pieczonka
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Olczak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Boryń
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kobielak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Saxena N, Mok KW, Rendl M. An updated classification of hair follicle morphogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:332-344. [PMID: 30887615 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) formation in developing embryonic skin requires stepwise signalling between the epithelial epidermis and mesenchymal dermis, and their specialized derivatives, the placode/germ/peg and dermal condensate/papilla, respectively. Classically, distinct stages of HF morphogenesis have been defined, in the mouse model, based on (a) changes in cell morphology and aggregation; (b) expression of few known molecular markers; (c) the extent of follicle downgrowth; and (d) the presence of differentiating cell types. Refined genetic strategies and recent emerging technologies, such as live imaging and transcriptome analyses of isolated cell populations or single cells, have enabled a closer dissection of the signalling requirements at different stages of HF formation, particularly early on. They have also led to the discovery of precursor cells for placode, dermal condensate and future bulge stem cells that, combined with molecular insights into their fate specification and subsequent formation, serve as novel landmarks for early HF morphogenetic events and studies of the signalling networks mediating these processes. In this review, we integrate the emergence of HF precursor cell states and novel molecular markers of fate and formation to update the widely used 20-year-old seminal classification guide of HF morphogenetic stages by Paus et al. We then temporally describe the latest insights into the early cellular and molecular events and signalling requirements for HF morphogenesis in relation to one another in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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26
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Bejaoui M, Villareal MO, Isoda H. β-catenin-mediated hair growth induction effect of 3,4,5-tri- O-caffeoylquinic acid. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4216-4237. [PMID: 31256073 PMCID: PMC6628991 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a complex structure that goes through a cyclic period of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and rest (telogen) under the regulation of several signaling pathways, including Wnt/ β-catenin, FGF, Shh, and Notch. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is specifically involved in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration, and growth. β-catenin is expressed in the dermal papilla and promotes anagen induction and duration, as well as keratinocyte regulation and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated the activation of β-catenin by a polyphenolic compound 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) in mice model and in human dermal papilla cells to promote hair growth cycle. A complete regrowth of the shaved area of C3H mice was observed upon treatment with TCQA. Global gene expression analysis using microarray showed an upregulation in hair growth-associated genes. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin was remarkably upregulated in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that β-catenin activation by TCQA promoted the initiation of the anagen phase of the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA) University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, 305-8572 Japan
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27
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Comparative investigation of coarse and fine wool sheep skin indicates the early regulators for skin and wool diversity. Gene 2020; 758:144968. [PMID: 32707304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle is an excellent mini-system illustrating the mechanisms governing organogenesis and regeneration. Although the general mechanisms modulating skin and hair follicle development are widely studied in mouse and chicken models, the delicate network regulating skin and hair diversity remains largely unclear. Sheep is an additional model to address the various wool characteristics observed in nature. The coarse and fine wool sheep with diverse fibers were examined to show differences in the primary wool follicle size and skin thickness. The molecular dynamics in skin staged at the primary wool follicle induction between two sheep lines were investigated by RNA-sequencing analyses to generate 1994 differentially expressed genes revealing marker genes for epithelium (6 genes), dermal condensate (38 genes) and dermal fibroblast (58 genes) highly correlated with skin and wool follicle morphological differences. The DEGs were enriched in GO terms represented by epithelial cell migration and differentiation, regulation of hair follicle development and ectodermal placode formation, and KEGG pathways typified by WNT and Hedgehog signaling pathways governing the differences of skin structure. The qPCR detection of 9 genes confirmed the similar expression tendency with RNA-sequencing profiles. This comparative study of coarse and fine wool sheep skin reveals the presence of skin and wool follicle differences at primary wool follicle induction stage, and indicates the potential effectors (APCDD1, FGF20, DKK1, IGFBP3 and SFRP4) regulating the skin compartments during the early morphogenesis of primary wool follicles to shape the variable wool fiber thickness in later developmental stages.
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28
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Lowry WE. Its written all over your face: The molecular and physiological consequences of aging skin. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111315. [PMID: 32681843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most recognizable consequences of tissue aging are manifested in the skin. Hair graying and loss, telltale wrinkles, and age spots are indicative of physiological aging symptoms, many of which are analogous to processes in other tissues as well with less visible outcomes. While the study of skin aging has been conducted for decades, more recent work has illuminated many of the fundamental molecular and physiological causes of aging in the skin. Recent technological advances have allowed for the detection and quantification of a variety of physiological triggers that lead to aging in the skin and molecular methods have begun to determine the etiology of these phenotypic features. This review will attempt to summarize recent work in this area and provide some speculation about the next wave of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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29
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Hagner A, Shin W, Sinha S, Alpaugh W, Workentine M, Abbasi S, Rahmani W, Agabalyan N, Sharma N, Sparks H, Yoon J, Labit E, Cobb J, Dobrinski I, Biernaskie J. Transcriptional Profiling of the Adult Hair Follicle Mesenchyme Reveals R-spondin as a Novel Regulator of Dermal Progenitor Function. iScience 2020; 23:101019. [PMID: 32289736 PMCID: PMC7155209 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult hair follicle (HF) undergoes successive regeneration driven by resident epithelial stem cells and neighboring mesenchyme. Recent work described the existence of HF dermal stem cells (hfDSCs), but the genetic regulation of hfDSCs and their daughter cell lineages in HF regeneration remains unknown. Here we prospectively isolate functionally distinct mesenchymal compartment in the HF (dermal cup [DC; includes hfDSCs] and dermal papilla) and define the transcriptional programs involved in hfDSC function and acquisition of divergent mesenchymal fates. From this, we demonstrate cross-compartment mesenchymal signaling within the HF niche, whereby DP-derived R-spondins act to stimulate proliferation of both hfDSCs and epithelial progenitors during HF regeneration. Our findings describe unique transcriptional programs that underlie the functional heterogeneity among specialized fibroblasts within the adult HF and identify a novel regulator of mesenchymal progenitor function during tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hagner
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wisoo Shin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Whitney Alpaugh
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sepideh Abbasi
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Waleed Rahmani
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Natacha Agabalyan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Holly Sparks
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Yoon
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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30
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Guo J, Li S, Wang H, Wu T, Wu Z, Yu L, Liang M. A Mouse Model for Studying Stem Cell Effects on Regeneration of Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheaths. Open Life Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveStem cells hold promise for treating hair loss. Here an in vitro mouse model was developed using outer root sheaths (ORSs) isolated from hair follicles for studying stem cell-mediated dermal papillary regeneration.MethodsUnder sterile conditions, structurally intact ORSs were isolated from hair follicles of 3-day-old Kunming mice and incubated in growth medium. Samples were collected daily for 5 days. Stem cell distribution, proliferation, differentiation, and migration were monitored during regeneration.ResultsCell proliferation began at the glass membrane periphery then spread gradually toward the membrane center, with the presence of CD34 and CD200 positive stem cells involved in repair initiation. Next, CD34 positive stem cells migrated down the glass membrane, where some participated in ORS formation, while other CD34 cells and CD200 positive cells migrated to hair follicle centers. Within the hair follicle matrix, stem cells divided, grew, differentiated and caused outward expansion of the glass membrane to form a dermal papillary structure containing alpha-smooth muscle actin. Neutrophils attracted to the wound site phagocytosed bacterial and cell debris to protect regenerating tissue from infection.ConclusionIsolated hair follicle ORSs can regenerate new dermal papillary structures in vitro. Stem cells and neutrophils play important roles in the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Tinghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Zhenhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Lufei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Meiyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
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31
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Kang S, Long K, Wang S, Sada A, Tumbar T. Histone H3 K4/9/27 Trimethylation Levels Affect Wound Healing and Stem Cell Dynamics in Adult Skin. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:34-48. [PMID: 31866458 PMCID: PMC6962642 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms controlling adult mammalian stem cell (SC) dynamics might be critical for tissue regeneration but are poorly understood. Mouse skin and hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) display reduced histone H3 K4me3, K9me3, and K27me3 methylation levels (hypomethylation) preceding hair growth. Chemical inhibition of relevant histone demethylases impairs subsequent differentiation and growth of HFs and delays wound healing. In wounding, this impairs epithelial cell differentiation and blood vessel recruitment, but not proliferation and fibroblast recruitment. With Aspm-CreER as a newfound inter-follicular epidermis lineage-labeling tool, and Lgr5-CreER for hair follicles, we demonstrate a reduced contribution of both lineages to wound healing after interfering with hypomethylation. Blocked hypomethylation increases BMP4 expression and selectively upregulates H3 K4me3 on the Bmp4 promoter, which may explain the effects on HFSC quiescence, hair cycle, and injury repair. Thus, transient hypomethylation of histone H3 K4/9/27me3 is essential for adult skin epithelial SC dynamics for proper tissue homeostasis and repair. H3 K4/9/27me3 hypomethylation is necessary for proper subsequent wound healing Hypomethylation affects dynamics of both hair follicle and inter-follicular lineages Hypomethylation affects hair follicle stem cell activation and differentiation Aspm-CreER, a genetic driver specific to inter-follicular epidermis in mouse skin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kylie Long
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sherry Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aiko Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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33
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Ge M, Liu C, Li L, Lan M, Yu Y, Gu L, Su Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu C, Liu F, Li M, Xiong L, Wang K, He T, Dai Y, Zhao Y, Li N, Yu Z, Meng Q. miR-29a/b1 Inhibits Hair Follicle Stem Cell Lineage Progression by Spatiotemporally Suppressing WNT and BMP Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2489-2504.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Zhu Z, Cai Y, Li Y, Li H, Zhang L, Xu D, Yu X, Li P, Lv L. miR-148a-3p inhibits alpaca melanocyte pigmentation by targeting MITF. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Park J, Jun EK, Son D, Hong W, Jang J, Yun W, Yoon BS, Song G, Kim IY, You S. Overexpression of Nanog in amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates dermal papilla cell activity and promotes hair follicle regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31273189 PMCID: PMC6802618 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia, one of the most common chronic diseases, can seriously affect a patient's psychosocial life. Dermal papilla (DP) cells serve as essential signaling centers in the regulation of hair growth and regeneration and are associated with crosstalk between autocrine/paracrine factors and the surrounding environment. We previously demonstrated that amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (AF-MSC-CM) accelerates hair regeneration and growth. The present study describes the effects of overexpression of a reprogramming factor, Nanog, on MSC properties, the paracrine effects on DP cells, and in vivo hair regrowth. First, we examined the in vitro proliferation and lifespan of AF-MSCs overexpressing reprogramming factors, including Oct4, Nanog, and Lin28, alone or in combination. Among these factors, Nanog was identified as a key factor in maintaining the self-renewal capability of AF-MSCs by delaying cellular senescence, increasing the endogenous expression of Oct4 and Sox2, and preserving stemness. Next, we evaluated the paracrine effects of AF-MSCs overexpressing Nanog (AF-N-MSCs) by monitoring secretory molecules related to hair regeneration and growth (IGF, PDGF, bFGF, and Wnt7a) and proliferation of DP cells. In vivo studies revealed that CM derived from AF-N-MSCs (AF-N-CM) accelerated the telogen-to-anagen transition in hair follicles (HFs) and increased HF density. The expression of DP and HF stem cell markers and genes related to hair induction were higher in AF-N-CM than in CM from AF-MSCs (AF-CM). This study suggests that the secretome from autologous MSCs overexpressing Nanog could be an excellent candidate as a powerful anagen inducer and hair growth stimulator for the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Jun
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, STEMLAB, Inc., Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daryeon Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoon
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, STEMLAB, Inc., Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea.
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Guo L, Wang X, Yuan J, Zhu M, Fu X, Xu RH, Wu C, Wu Y. TSA restores hair follicle-inductive capacity of skin-derived precursors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2867. [PMID: 30814580 PMCID: PMC6393485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis of the hair follicle relies on signals derived from mesenchymal cells in the dermis during skin morphogenesis and regeneration. Multipotent skin-derived precursors (SKPs), which exhibit long term proliferation potential when being cultured in spheroids, have been shown to induce hair genesis and hair follicle regeneration in mice, implying a therapeutic potential of SKPs in hair follicle regeneration and bioengineering. However, the hair-inductive property of SKPs declines progressively upon ex vivo culture expansion, suggesting that the expressions of the genes responsible for hair induction are epigenetically unstable. In this study, we found that TSA markedly alleviated culture expansion induced SKP senescence, increased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the cells and importantly restored the hair inductive capacity of SKPs. TSA increased the acetylation level of histone H3, including the K19/14 sites in the promoter regions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) genes, which were associated with elevated gene expression and BMP signaling activity, suggesting a potential attribution of BMP pathway in TSA induced recovery of the hair inductive capacity of SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meishu Zhu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- University of Macau, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and the the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wu P, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Xu W, Guo H, Deng F, Ma X, Li Y. The balance of Bmp6 and Wnt10b regulates the telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:16. [PMID: 30791955 PMCID: PMC6385416 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodic growth of hair follicles is regulated by the balance of activators and inhibitors. The BMP signaling pathway plays an important role during hair follicle regeneration, but the exact BMP protein that controls this process has not been revealed. METHODS The expression of BMP6 was determined via in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. The in vivo effect of BMP6 overexpression was studied by using a previously established adenovirus injection model. The hair follicle regeneration was assessed by gross observation, H&E staining and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) tracing. The expression patterns of BMP6 signaling and Wnt10b signaling in both AdBMP6-treated and AdWnt10b-treated skins were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. RESULTS BMP6 was expressed differently in the stages of hair follicle cycle. The telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of BMP6. In the in vivo model, the BMP6 signaling was inhibited by Wnt10b and the Wnt10b signaling was inhibited by BMP6. The activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) was also competitively regulated by Wnt10b and BMP6. CONCLUSIONS Combined with previously reported data of Wnt10b, our findings indicate that BMP6 and Wnt10b are major inhibitors and activators respectively and their balance regulates the telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles. To the best of our knowledge, our data provide previously unreported insights into the regulation of hair follicle cycling and provide new clues for the diagnosis and therapies of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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38
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Skin Stem Cells, Their Niche and Tissue Engineering Approach for Skin Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:107-126. [PMID: 31065940 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the main organ that covers the human body and acts as a protective barrier between the human body and the environment. Skin tissue as a stem cell source can be used for transplantation in therapeutic application in terms of its properties such as abundant, easy to access, high plasticity and high ability to regenerate. The immunological profile of these cells makes it a suitable resource for autologous and allogeneic applications. The lack of major histo-compatibility complex 1 is also advantageous in its use. Epidermal stem cells are the main stem cells in the skin and are suitable cells in tissue engineering studies for their important role in wound repair. In the last 30 years, many studies have been conducted to develop substitutions that mimic human skin. Stem cell-based skin substitutions have been developed to be used in clinical applications, to support the healing of acute and chronic wounds and as test systems for dermatological and pharmacological applications. In this chapter, tissue specific properties of epidermal stem cells, composition of their niche, regenerative approaches and repair of tissue degeneration have been examined.
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Martynova E, Bouchard M, Musil LS, Cvekl A. Identification of Novel Gata3 Distal Enhancers Active in Mouse Embryonic Lens. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1186-1198. [PMID: 30295986 PMCID: PMC6246825 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tissue-specific transcriptional programs during normal development require tight control by distal cis-regulatory elements, such as enhancers, with specific DNA sequences recognized by transcription factors, coactivators, and chromatin remodeling enzymes. Gata3 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates formation of multiple tissues and organs, including inner ear, lens, mammary gland, T-cells, urogenital system, and thyroid gland. In the eye, Gata3 has a highly restricted expression domain in the posterior part of the lens vesicle; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unknown. RESULTS Here we describe the identification of a novel bipartite Gata3 lens-specific enhancer located ∼18 kb upstream from its transcriptional start site. We also found that a 5-kb Gata3 promoter possesses low activity in the lens. The bipartite enhancer contains arrays of AP-1, Ets-, and Smad1/5-binding sites as well as binding sites for lens-associated DNA-binding factors. Transient transfection studies of the promoter with the bipartite enhancer showed enhanced activation by BMP4 and FGF2. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify a novel distal enhancer of Gata3 with high activity in lens and indicate that BMP and FGF signaling can up-regulate expression of Gata3 in differentiating lens fiber cells through the identified Gata3 enhancer and promoter elements. Developmental Dynamics 247:1186-1198, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martynova
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda S Musil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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40
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So WK, Cheung TH. Molecular Regulation of Cellular Quiescence: A Perspective from Adult Stem Cells and Its Niches. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1686:1-25. [PMID: 29030809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7371-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible growth arrest state. In response to extracellular environment, quiescent cells are capable of resuming proliferation for tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Subpopulations of adult stem cells remain quiescent and reside in their specialized stem cell niches. Within the niche, they interact with a repertoire of niche components. Niche integrates signals to maintain quiescence or gear stem cells toward regeneration. Recent studies provide insights into the regulatory components of stem cell niche and their influence on residing stem cells. Aberrant niche activities perturb stem cell quiescence and activation, compromise stem cell functions, and contribute to tissue aging and disease pathogenesis. This review covers current knowledge regarding cellular quiescence with a focus on original and emerging concepts of how niches influence stem cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kin So
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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41
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FGF signalling controls the specification of hair placode-derived SOX9 positive progenitors to Merkel cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2333. [PMID: 29899403 PMCID: PMC5998134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cells are innervated mechanosensory cells responsible for light-touch sensations. In murine dorsal skin, Merkel cells are located in touch domes and found in the epidermis around primary hairs. While it has been shown that Merkel cells are skin epithelial cells, the progenitor cell population that gives rise to these cells is unknown. Here, we show that during embryogenesis, SOX9-positive (+) cells inside hair follicles, which were previously known to give rise to hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and cells of the hair follicle lineage, can also give rise to Merkel Cells. Interestingly, while SOX9 is critical for HFSC specification, it is dispensable for Merkel cell formation. Conversely, FGFR2 is required for Merkel cell formation but is dispensable for HFSCs. Together, our studies uncover SOX9(+) cells as precursors of Merkel cells and show the requirement for FGFR2-mediated epithelial signalling in Merkel cell specification. Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors located in the epidermis whose developmental origin is unclear. Here the authors show that Merkel cells originate from SOX9 positive cells inside hair follicles and that FGFR2-mediated epithelial signalling is required for their specification.
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Abstract
Although the major white adipose depots evolved primarily to store energy, secrete hormones and thermo-insulate the body, multiple secondary depots developed additional specialized and unconventional functions. Unlike any other fat tissue, dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) evolved a large repertoire of novel features that are central to skin physiology, which we discuss in this Review. dWAT exists in close proximity to hair follicles, the principal appendages of the skin that periodically grow new hairs. Responding to multiple hair-derived signals, dWAT becomes closely connected to cycling hair follicles and periodically cycles itself. At the onset of new hair growth, hair follicles secrete activators of adipogenesis, while at the end of hair growth, a reduction in the secretion of activators or potentially, an increase in the secretion of inhibitors of adipogenesis, results in fat lipolysis. Hair-driven cycles of dWAT remodelling are uncoupled from size changes in other adipose depots that are controlled instead by systemic metabolic demands. Rich in growth factors, dWAT reciprocally signals to hair follicles, altering the activation state of their stem cells and modulating the pace of hair regrowth. dWAT cells also facilitate skin repair following injury and infection. In response to wounding, adipose progenitors secrete repair-inducing activators, while bacteria-sensing adipocytes produce antimicrobial peptides, thus aiding innate immune responses in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 845 Health Sciences Road, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, 2620 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 845 Health Sciences Road, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, 2620 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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43
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Mesler AL, Veniaminova NA, Lull MV, Wong SY. Hair Follicle Terminal Differentiation Is Orchestrated by Distinct Early and Late Matrix Progenitors. Cell Rep 2018; 19:809-821. [PMID: 28445731 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During development and regeneration, matrix progenitors undergo terminal differentiation to form the concentric layers of the hair follicle. These differentiation events are thought to require signals from the mesenchymal dermal papilla (DP); however, it remains unclear how DP-progenitor cell interactions govern specific cell fate decisions. Here, we show that the hair follicle differentiated layers are specified asynchronously, with early matrix progenitors initiating differentiation before surrounding the DP. Furthermore, these early matrix cells can undergo terminal differentiation in the absence of Shh, BMP signaling, and DP maturation. Whereas early matrix progenitors form the hair follicle companion layer, later matrix populations progressively form the inner root sheath and hair shaft. Altogether, our findings characterize some of the earliest terminal differentiation events in the hair follicle and reveal that the matrix progenitor pool can be divided into early and late phases based on distinct temporal, molecular, and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlee L Mesler
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalia A Veniaminova
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madison V Lull
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sunny Y Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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44
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Kahata K, Dadras MS, Moustakas A. TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022194. [PMID: 28246184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exist in the animal body since the onset of embryonic development; they generate tissue barriers and specify organs and glands. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), epithelia generate mesenchymal cells that form new tissues and promote healing or disease manifestation when epithelial homeostasis is challenged physiologically or pathologically. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial differentiation. These TGF-β family ligands are expressed and secreted at sites where the epithelium interacts with the mesenchyme and provide paracrine queues from the mesenchyme to the neighboring epithelium, helping the specification of differentiated epithelial cell types within an organ. TGF-β ligands signal via Smads and cooperating kinase pathways and control the expression or activities of key transcription factors that promote either epithelial differentiation or mesenchymal transitions. In this review, we discuss evidence that illustrates how TGF-β family ligands contribute to epithelial differentiation and induce mesenchymal transitions, by focusing on the embryonic ectoderm and tissues that form the external mammalian body lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shahidi Dadras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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46
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Tan SH, Barker N. Wnt Signaling in Adult Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:21-79. [PMID: 29389518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is integral to the homeostasis and regeneration of many epithelial tissues due to its critical role in adult stem cell regulation. It is also implicated in many epithelial cancers, with mutations in core pathway components frequently present in patient tumors. In this chapter, we discuss the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wnt-regulated stem cells in homeostatic, regenerative and cancer contexts of the intestines, stomach, skin, and liver. We also examine the sources of Wnt ligands that form part of the stem cell niche. Despite the diversity in characteristics of various tissue stem cells, the role(s) of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is generally coherent in maintaining stem cell fate and/or promoting proliferation. It is also likely to play similar roles in cancer stem cells, making the pathway a salient therapeutic target for cancer. While promising progress is being made in the field, deeper understanding of the functions and signaling mechanisms of the pathway in individual epithelial tissues will expedite efforts to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer treatment and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hui Tan
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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47
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van der Kammen R, Song JY, de Rink I, Janssen H, Madonna S, Scarponi C, Albanesi C, Brugman W, Innocenti M. Knockout of the Arp2/3 complex in epidermis causes a psoriasis-like disease hallmarked by hyperactivation of transcription factor Nrf2. Development 2017; 144:4588-4603. [PMID: 29113991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex assembles branched actin filaments, which are key to many cellular processes, but its organismal roles remain poorly understood. Here, we employed conditional Arpc4 knockout mice to study the function of the Arp2/3 complex in the epidermis. We found that depletion of the Arp2/3 complex by knockout of Arpc4 results in skin abnormalities at birth that evolve into a severe psoriasis-like disease hallmarked by hyperactivation of transcription factor Nrf2. Knockout of Arpc4 in cultured keratinocytes was sufficient to induce nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, upregulation of Nrf2 target genes and decreased filamentous actin levels. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex unmasked the role of branched actin filaments in Nrf2 regulation. Consistent with this, we revealed that Nrf2 associates with the actin cytoskeleton in cells and binds to filamentous actin in vitro Finally, we discovered that Arpc4 is downregulated in both human and mouse psoriatic epidermis. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex affects keratinocyte shape and transcriptome through an actin-based cell-autonomous mechanism that influences epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van der Kammen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology II, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti - Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) - IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti - Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) - IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti - Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) - IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Wim Brugman
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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48
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Mullen AC, Wrana JL. TGF-β Family Signaling in Embryonic and Somatic Stem-Cell Renewal and Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022186. [PMID: 28108485 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soon after the discovery of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), seminal work in vertebrate and invertebrate models revealed the TGF-β family to be central regulators of tissue morphogenesis. Members of the TGF-β family direct some of the earliest cell-fate decisions in animal development, coordinate complex organogenesis, and contribute to tissue homeostasis in the adult. Here, we focus on the role of the TGF-β family in mammalian stem-cell biology and discuss its wide and varied activities both in the regulation of pluripotency and in cell-fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Mullen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbam Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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49
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Zhang B, Hsu YC. Emerging roles of transit-amplifying cells in tissue regeneration and cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28670819 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most regenerative tissues employ transit-amplifying cells (TACs) that are positioned in between stem cells and differentiated progeny. In a classical hierarchical model, stem cells undergo limited divisions to produce TACs, which then proliferate rapidly to expand the system and produce diverse differentiated cell types. Although TACs are indispensable for generating tissues, they have been largely viewed as a transit point between stem cells and downstream lineages. Studies in the past few years, however, have revealed some fascinating biology and unanticipated functions of TACs. In the hair follicle, recent findings have placed TACs as key players in tissue regeneration by coordinating tissue production, governing stem cell behaviors, and instructing niche remodeling. In the hematopoietic system, rather than being transient, some TACs may participate in long-term hematopoiesis under steady state. Here, we compare and summarize recent discoveries about TACs in the hair follicle and the hematopoietic system. We also discuss how TACs of these two tissues contribute to the formation of cancer. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e282. doi: 10.1002/wdev.282 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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50
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Dermal Blimp1 Acts Downstream of Epidermal TGFβ and Wnt/β-Catenin to Regulate Hair Follicle Formation and Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2270-2281. [PMID: 28668474 PMCID: PMC5646946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates cell growth and differentiation in multiple tissues, including skin. Although in the epidermis Blimp1 is important for keratinocyte and sebocyte differentiation, its role in dermal fibroblasts is unclear. Here we show that Blimp1 is dynamically regulated in dermal papilla cells during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and the postnatal hair cycle, preceding dermal Wnt/β-catenin activation. Blimp1 ablation in E12.5 mouse dermal fibroblasts delayed HF morphogenesis and growth and prevented new HF formation after wounding. By combining targeted quantitative PCR screens with bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation we demonstrated that Blimp1 is both a target and a mediator of key dermal papilla inductive signaling pathways including transforming growth factor-β and Wnt/β-catenin. Epidermal overexpression of stabilized β-catenin was able to override the HF defects in Blimp1 mutant mice, underlining the close reciprocal relationship between the dermal papilla and adjacent HF epithelial cells. Overall, our study reveals the functional role of Blimp1 in promoting the dermal papilla inductive signaling cascade that initiates HF growth.
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