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Johansson K, Maouia A, Rebetz J, Marcoux G, Shannon O, Italiano JE, Narayanan P, Henry S, Shen L, Semple JW. CpG oligonucleotides induce acute murine thrombocytopenia dependent on toll-like receptor 9 and spleen tyrosine kinase pathways. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00479-3. [PMID: 39155024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic single-stranded DNA sequences that act as immunostimulants. They have been increasingly used to treat several cancers; however, thrombocytopenia is a potential recognized side effect of some sequences. OBJECTIVES We tested the ability of 2 CpG ODNs (ODN 2395 and ISIS 120704) to induce thrombocytopenia when administered to BALB/c mice and determined mechanisms associated with thrombocytopenia. METHODS BALB/c mice were prebled and then injected with titrated doses of CpG ODNs, and platelet counts were determined. The mice were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or various inhibitors and antagonists of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to determine their effects on thrombocytopenia. RESULTS Compared with saline-treated mice or mice treated with 2'-O-methoxyethyl-modified antisense ODN, both ODN 2395 and ISIS 120704 induced acute dose-dependent thrombocytopenia within 3 and 24 hours, respectively. The thrombocytopenia was associated with significant increases in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. IVIg administration significantly rescued the CpG ODN-induced thrombocytopenia, as did treatment with either a Syk inhibitor or TLR9 antagonists. In vitro, CpG ODN could activate human platelets and this correlated significantly with enhanced IVIg- and Syk-dependent phagocytosis by THP-1 monocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CpG ODNs induce acute inflammatory-associated (IVIg-sensitive) thrombocytopenia that can be alleviated by Syk- or TLR9-blockade, and an IVIg- and Syk-dependent platelet clearance pathway appears primarily responsible for the thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Johansson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amal Maouia
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Rebetz
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geneviève Marcoux
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Scott Henry
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Lijiang Shen
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - John W Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Manole CG, Voiculescu VM, Soare C, Ceafalan LC, Gherghiceanu M, Hinescu ME. Skin Telocytes Could Fundament the Cellular Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration. Cells 2024; 13:1321. [PMID: 39195210 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, autologous platelet concentrates have been used in clinical medicine. Since the first formula used, namely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), other platelet concentrates have been experimented with, including platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have three standard characteristics: they act as scaffolds, they serve as a source of growth factors and cytokines, and they contain live cells. PRP has become extensively used in regenerative medicine for the successful treatment of a variety of clinical (non-)dermatological conditions like alopecies, acne scars, skin burns, skin ulcers, muscle, cartilage, and bone repair, and as an adjuvant in post-surgery wound healing, with obvious benefits in terms of functionality and aesthetic recovery of affected tissues/organs. These indications were well documented, and a large amount of evidence has already been published supporting the efficacy of this method. The primordial principle behind minimally invasive PRP treatments is the usage of the patient's own platelets. The benefits of the autologous transplantation of thrombocytes are significant, representing a fast and economic method that requires only basic equipment and training, and it is biocompatible, thus being a low risk for the patient (infection and immunological reactions can be virtually disregarded). Usually, the structural benefits of applying PRP are attributed to fibroblasts only, as they are considered the most numerous cell population within the interstitium. However, this apparent simplistic explanation is still eluding those different types of interstitial cells (distinct from fibroblasts) that are residing within stromal tissue, e.g., telocytes (TCs). Moreover, dermal TCs have an already documented potential in angiogenesis (extra-cutaneous, but also within skin), and their implication in skin recovery in a few dermatological conditions was attested and described ultrastructurally and immunophenotypically. Interestingly, PRP biochemically consists of a series of growth factors, cytokines, and other molecules, to which TCs have also proven to have a positive expression. Thus, it is attractive to hypothesize and to document any tissular collaboration between cutaneous administered PRP and local dermal TCs in skin recovery/repair/regeneration. Therefore, TCs could be perceived as the missing link necessary to provide a solid explanation of the good results achieved by administering PRP in skin-repairing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin G Manole
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad M Voiculescu
- Department of Oncological Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Soare
- Department of Oncological Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology Laboratory, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail E Hinescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Asquith NL, Becker IC, Scimone MT, Boccia T, Camacho V, Barrachina MN, Guo S, Freire D, Machlus K, Schulman S, Flaumenhaft R, Italiano JE. Targeting cargo to an unconventional secretory system within megakaryocytes allows the release of transgenic proteins from platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00440-9. [PMID: 39122192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are essential for hemostasis and thrombosis and play vital roles during metastatic cancer progression and infection. Hallmarks of platelet function are activation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and the degranulation of their cellular contents upon stimulation. While α-granules and dense granules are the most studied platelet secretory granules, the dense tubular system (DTS) also functions as a secretory system for vascular thiol isomerases. However, how DTS cargo is packaged and transported from megakaryocytes (MKs) to platelets is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To underpin the mechanisms responsible for DTS cargo transport and leverage those for therapeutic protein packaging into platelets. METHODS A retroviral expression system combined with immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was employed to track protein DTS cargo protein disulfide isomerase fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP-PDI) during platelet production. Murine bone marrow transplantation models were used to determine the release of therapeutic proteins from platelets. RESULTS We demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval motif Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) located at the C-terminus of protein disulfide isomerase was essential for the regular transport of eGFP-PDI-containing granules. eGFP-PDIΔKDEL, in which the retrieval signal was deleted, was aberrantly packaged, and its expression was upregulated within clathrin-coated endosomes. Finally, we found that ectopic transgenic proteins, such as tissue factor pathway inhibitor and interleukin 2, can be packaged into MKs and proplatelets by adding a KDEL retrieval sequence. CONCLUSION Our data corroborate the DTS as a noncanonical secretory system in platelets and demonstrate that in vitro-generated MKs and platelets may be used as a delivery system for transgenic proteins during cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Asquith
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. https://twitter.com/NathanAsquith1
| | - Isabelle C Becker
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark T Scimone
- Cellular Imaging Core, Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Life Sciences, Biotechnology, University of New Hampshire, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thais Boccia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia Camacho
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - María N Barrachina
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shihui Guo
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Freire
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sol Schulman
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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4
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Gruber R. How to explain the beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38600634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the platelet and leukocyte-containing plasmatic fraction of anticoagulated autologous blood. While evidence supporting the clinical use of PRP in dentistry is low, PRP is widely used in sports medicine, orthopedics, and dermatology. Its beneficial activity is commonly attributed to the growth factors released from platelets accumulating in PRP; however, evidence is indirect and not comprehensive. There is thus a demand to revisit PRP with respect to basic and translational science. This review is to (i) recapitulate protocols and tools to prepare PRP; (ii) to discuss the cellular and molecular composition of PRP with a focus on platelets, leukocytes, and the fibrin-rich extracellular matrix of coagulated plasma; and finally (iii) to discuss potential beneficial effects of PRP on a cellular and molecular level with an outlook on its current use in dentistry and other medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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El-Mortada F, Landelouci K, Bertrand-Perron S, Aubé FA, Poirier A, Bidias A, Jourdi G, Welman M, Gantier MP, Hamilton JR, Kile B, Lordkipanidzé M, Pépin G. Megakaryocytes possess a STING pathway that is transferred to platelets to potentiate activation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302211. [PMID: 37993259 PMCID: PMC10665521 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets display unexpected roles in immune and coagulation responses. Emerging evidence suggests that STING is implicated in hypercoagulation. STING is an adaptor protein downstream of the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) that is activated by cytosolic microbial and self-DNA during infections, and in the context of loss of cellular integrity, to instigate the production of type-I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines. To date, whether the cGAS-STING pathway is present in platelets and contributes to platelet functions is not defined. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate here that megakaryocytes and platelets possess a functional cGAS-STING pathway. Our results suggest that in megakaryocytes, STING stimulation activates a type-I IFN response, and during thrombopoiesis, cGAS and STING are transferred to proplatelets. Finally, we show that both murine and human platelets contain cGAS and STING proteins, and the cGAS-STING pathway contributes to potentiation of platelet activation and aggregation. Taken together, these observations establish for the first time a novel role of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing axis in the megakaryocyte and platelet lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas El-Mortada
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Karima Landelouci
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Samuel Bertrand-Perron
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Félix-Antoine Aubé
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Amélie Poirier
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Amel Bidias
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Georges Jourdi
- Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Welman
- Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michael P Gantier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- CSL Innovation, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kile
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Centre de Recherche, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- https://ror.org/02xrw9r68 Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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6
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Wang M, Liu Y. New insights of platelet endocytosis and its implication for platelet function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1308170. [PMID: 38264257 PMCID: PMC10803655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1308170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis constitutes a cellular process in which cells selectively encapsulate surface substances into endocytic vesicles, also known as endosomes, thereby modulating their interaction with the environment. Platelets, as pivotal hematologic elements, play a crucial role not only in regulating coagulation and thrombus formation but also in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. Functioning as critical components in the circulatory system, platelets can internalize various endosomal compartments, such as surface receptors, extracellular proteins, small molecules, and pathogens, from the extracellular environment through diverse endocytic pathways, including pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We summarize recent advancements in platelet endocytosis, encompassing the catalog of cargoes, regulatory mechanisms, and internal trafficking routes. Furthermore, we describe the influence of endocytosis on platelet regulatory functions and related physiological and pathological processes, aiming to offer foundational insights for future research into platelet endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Ajanel A, Middleton EA. Alterations in the megakaryocyte transcriptome impacts platelet function in sepsis and COVID-19 infection. Thromb Res 2023; 231:247-254. [PMID: 37258336 PMCID: PMC10198739 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelets and their parent cell, the megakaryocyte (MK), are increasingly recognized for their roles during infection and inflammation. The MK residing in the bone marrow or arising from precursors trafficked to other organs for development go on to form platelets through thrombopoiesis. Infection, by direct and indirect mechanisms, can alter the transcriptional profile of MKs. The altered environment, whether mediated by inflammatory cytokines or other signaling mechanisms results in an altered platelet transcriptome. Platelets released into the circulation, in turn, interact with each other, circulating leukocytes and endothelial cells and contribute to the clearance of pathogens or the potentiation of pathophysiology through such mechanisms as immunothrombosis. In this article we hope to identify key contributions that explore the impact of an altered transcriptomic landscape during severe, systemic response to infection broadly defined as sepsis, and viral infections, including SARS-CoV2. We include current publications that outline the role of MKs from bone-marrow and extra-medullary sites as well as the circulating platelet. The underlying diseases result in thrombotic complications that exacerbate organ dysfunction and mortality. Understanding the impact of platelets on the pathophysiology of disease may drive therapeutic advances to improve the morbidity and mortality of these deadly afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ajanel
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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8
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Jha V, Xiong B, Kumari T, Brown G, Wang J, Kim K, Lee J, Asquith N, Gallagher J, Asherman L, Lambert T, Bai Y, Du X, Min JK, Sah R, Javaheri A, Razani B, Lee JM, Italiano JE, Cho J. A Critical Role for ERO1α in Arterial Thrombosis and Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2023; 132:e206-e222. [PMID: 37132383 PMCID: PMC10213138 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet adhesion and aggregation play a crucial role in arterial thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Here, we identify platelet ERO1α (endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1α) as a novel regulator of Ca2+ signaling and a potential pharmacological target for treating thrombotic diseases. METHODS Intravital microscopy, animal disease models, and a wide range of cell biological studies were utilized to demonstrate the pathophysiological role of ERO1α in arteriolar and arterial thrombosis and to prove the importance of platelet ERO1α in platelet activation and aggregation. Mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, and biochemical studies were used to investigate the molecular mechanism. We used novel blocking antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors to study whether ERO1α can be targeted to attenuate thrombotic conditions. RESULTS Megakaryocyte-specific or global deletion of Ero1α in mice similarly reduced platelet thrombus formation in arteriolar and arterial thrombosis without affecting tail bleeding times and blood loss following vascular injury. We observed that platelet ERO1α localized exclusively in the dense tubular system and promoted Ca2+ mobilization, platelet activation, and aggregation. Platelet ERO1α directly interacted with STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) and SERCA2 (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2) and regulated their functions. Such interactions were impaired in mutant STIM1-Cys49/56Ser and mutant SERCA2-Cys875/887Ser. We found that ERO1α modified an allosteric Cys49-Cys56 disulfide bond in STIM1 and a Cys875-Cys887 disulfide bond in SERCA2, contributing to Ca2+ store content and increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels during platelet activation. Inhibition of Ero1α with small-molecule inhibitors but not blocking antibodies attenuated arteriolar and arterial thrombosis and reduced infarct volume following focal brain ischemia in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ERO1α acts as a thiol oxidase for Ca2+ signaling molecules, STIM1 and SERCA2, and enhances cytosolic Ca2+ levels, promoting platelet activation and aggregation. Our study provides evidence that ERO1α may be a potential target to reduce thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath Jha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bei Xiong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tripti Kumari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gavriel Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Asquith
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Gallagher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lillian Asherman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Lambert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yanyan Bai
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajan Sah
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph E. Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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9
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Trivigno SMG, Guidetti GF, Barbieri SS, Zarà M. Blood Platelets in Infection: The Multiple Roles of the Platelet Signalling Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087462. [PMID: 37108623 PMCID: PMC10138547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are classically recognized for their important role in hemostasis and thrombosis but they are also involved in many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection. Platelets are among the first cells recruited to sites of inflammation and infection and they exert their antimicrobial response actively cooperating with the immune system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on platelet receptor interaction with different types of pathogens and the consequent modulations of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M G Trivigno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
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10
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Dissecting Platelet's Role in Viral Infection: A Double-Edged Effector of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032009. [PMID: 36768333 PMCID: PMC9916939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a major role in the processes of primary hemostasis and pathological inflammation-induced thrombosis. In the mid-2000s, several studies expanded the role of these particular cells, placing them in the "immune continuum" and thus changing the understanding of their function in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Among the many receptors they express on their surface, platelets express Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), key receptors in the inflammatory cell-cell reaction and in the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity. In response to an infectious stimulus, platelets will become differentially activated. Platelet activation is variable depending on whether platelets are activated by a hemostatic or pathogen stimulus. This review highlights the role that platelets play in platelet modulation count and adaptative immune response during viral infection.
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11
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Tang X, Xu Q, Yang S, Huang X, Wang L, Huang F, Luo J, Zhou X, Wu A, Mei Q, Zhao C, Wu J. Toll-like Receptors and Thrombopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021010. [PMID: 36674552 PMCID: PMC9864288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the second most abundant blood component after red blood cells and can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Beyond its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it also plays an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. However, thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic problem in the clinic, and it presents a proportional relationship with the fatality of many diseases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia is of great importance. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the most relevant characteristics of thrombopoiesis and the platelet inflammatory function. We know that the TLR family is found on the surface or inside almost all cells, where they perform many immune functions. Of those, TLR2 and TLR4 are the main stress-inducing members and play an integral role in inflammatory diseases and platelet production and function. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present and discuss the relationship between platelets, inflammation and the TLR family and extend recent research on the influence of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways and the regulation of platelet production and function. Reviewing the interaction between TLRs and platelets in inflammation may be a research direction or program for the treatment of thrombocytopenia-related and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-186-8307-3667 (C.Z.); +86-139-8241-6641 (J.W.)
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12
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Regulatory Effects of Curcumin on Platelets: An Update and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123180. [PMID: 36551934 PMCID: PMC9775400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizomatous plant turmeric, which is frequently used as a spice and coloring ingredient, yields curcumin, a bioactive compound. Curcumin inhibits platelet activation and aggregation and improves platelet count. Platelets dysfunction results in several disorders, including inflammation, atherothrombosis, and thromboembolism. Several studies have proved the beneficial role of curcumin on platelets and hence proved it is an important candidate for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, curcumin is also frequently employed as an anti-inflammatory agent in conventional medicine. In arthritic patients, it has been shown to reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and to reduce edema, morning stiffness, and other symptoms. Curcumin taken orally also reduced rats' acute inflammation brought on by carrageenan. Curcumin has also been proven to prevent atherosclerosis and platelet aggregation, as well as to reduce angiogenesis in adipose tissue. In the cerebral microcirculation, curcumin significantly lowered platelet and leukocyte adhesion. It largely modulated the endothelium to reduce platelet adhesion. Additionally, P-selectin expression and mice survival after cecal ligation and puncture were improved by curcumin, which also altered platelet and leukocyte adhesion and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Through regulating many processes involved in platelet aggregation, curcuminoids collectively demonstrated detectable antiplatelet activity. Curcuminoids may therefore be able to prevent disorders linked to platelet activation as possible therapeutic agents. This review article proposes to highlight and discuss the regulatory effects of curcumin on platelets.
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13
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Basic Science of Autologous Orthobiologics Part 1. Platelet-Rich Plasma. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2022; 34:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Wu M, Zhao X, Zhu X, Shi J, Liu L, Wang X, Xie M, Ma C, Hu Y, Sun J. Functional analysis and expression profile of human platelets infected by EBV in vitro. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105312. [PMID: 35667565 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation is commonly detected after infection by multiple viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), H1N1 influenza, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Ebola virus (EBV), and Dengue virus (DENV). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome, but the biology of platelet ncRNAs is largely unexplored. In this study, we performed microarray profiling to characterize the expression profile of human platelets infected with EBV in vitro after 2 h. A total of 187 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) displayed differences, of which 114 were upregulated and 73 were downregulated; 78 microRNAs (miRNAs) showed differences, including 73 upregulated and 5 downregulated; 808 mRNAs displayed differences, among which 367 were upregulated and 441 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis mostly related to G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cell metabolism and immune-related response. A ceRNA network was established based on predicting regulatory pairs in differentially expressed genes, in which hsa-miR-6877-3p had the highest regulatory capability (degree = 31), FAM230A was the lncRNA with the highest regulatory capability (degree = 28). According to the EBV related miRNA regulation network, it revealed that ebv-miR-BART19-3p had the most target genes and BRWD1, FAM126B, TFRC and JMY were the genes most regulated by EBV-related miRNAs. After overlapping the three networks, we found that the EIFAK2 gene was strongly correlated with autologous ncRNAs, including hsa-miR-1972, hsa-miR-504-3p and hsa-miR-6825-5p, as well as with EBV ncRNAs, including EBER1, EBER2, miR-BART7-3p and miR-BART16. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the expression profiling of ncRNAs and their functions in platelets activated by EBV in vitro, and paves the way to further study on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meini Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiutao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiandong Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Mengxin Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Chunli Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yunzhang Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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15
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Zamani Rarani F, Zamani Rarani M, Hamblin MR, Rashidi B, Hashemian SMR, Mirzaei H. Comprehensive overview of COVID-19-related respiratory failure: focus on cellular interactions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:63. [PMID: 35907817 PMCID: PMC9338538 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created health challenges in all parts of the world. Understanding the entry mechanism of this virus into host cells is essential for effective treatment of COVID-19 disease. This virus can bind to various cell surface molecules or receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), to gain cell entry. Respiratory failure and pulmonary edema are the most important causes of mortality from COVID-19 infections. Cytokines, especially proinflammatory cytokines, are the main mediators of these complications. For normal respiratory function, a healthy air-blood barrier and sufficient blood flow to the lungs are required. In this review, we first discuss airway epithelial cells, airway stem cells, and the expression of COVID-19 receptors in the airway epithelium. Then, we discuss the suggested molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and blood vessel damage in COVID-19. Coagulopathy can be caused by platelet activation leading to clots, which restrict blood flow to the lungs and lead to respiratory failure. Finally, we present an overview of the effects of immune and non-immune cells and cytokines in COVID-19-related respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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16
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Lauková L, Weber V. Activated Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914891. [PMID: 35874830 PMCID: PMC9299085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as central players in thromboembolic complications associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Platelets bridge hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses by their ability to sense pathogens via various pattern recognition receptors, and they respond to infection through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms. Dysregulated platelet activation, however, can lead to immunothrombosis, a simultaneous overactivation of blood coagulation and the innate immune response. Mediators released by activated platelets in response to infection, such as antimicrobial peptides, high mobility group box 1 protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and PF4+ extracellular vesicles promote neutrophil activation, resulting in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and histones. Many of the factors released during platelet and neutrophil activation are positively charged and interact with endogenous heparan sulfate or exogenously administered heparin via electrostatic interactions or via specific binding sites. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of platelets and platelet-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of immunothrombosis, and we discuss the potential of extracorporeal therapies using adsorbents functionalized with heparin to deplete platelet-derived and neutrophil-derived mediators of immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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17
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Desai C, Koupenova M, Machlus KR, Sen Gupta A. Beyond the thrombus: Platelet-inspired nanomedicine approaches in inflammation, immune response, and cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1523-1534. [PMID: 35441793 PMCID: PMC9321119 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The traditional role of platelets is in the formation of blood clots for physiologic (e.g., in hemostasis) or pathologic (e.g., in thrombosis) functions. The cellular and subcellular mechanisms and signaling in platelets involved in these functions have been extensively elucidated and new knowledge continues to emerge, resulting in various therapeutic developments in this area for the management of hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. Nanomedicine, a field involving design of nanoparticles with unique biointeractive surface modifications and payload encapsulation for disease-targeted drug delivery, has become an important component of such therapeutic development. Beyond their traditional role in blood clotting, platelets have been implicated to play crucial mechanistic roles in other diseases including inflammation, immune response, and cancer, via direct cellular interactions, as well as secretion of soluble factors that aid in the disease microenvironment. To date, the development of nanomedicine systems that leverage these broader roles of platelets has been limited. Additionally, another exciting area of research that has emerged in recent years is that of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) that can directly and indirectly influence physiological and pathological processes. This makes PEVs a unique paradigm for platelet-inspired therapeutic design. This review aims to provide mechanistic insight into the involvement of platelets and PEVs beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, and to discuss the current state of the art in the development of platelet-inspired therapeutic technologies in these areas, with an emphasis on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Desai
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Milka Koupenova
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Department of SurgeryVascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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18
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Ludwig N, Hilger A, Zarbock A, Rossaint J. Platelets at the Crossroads of Pro-Inflammatory and Resolution Pathways during Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121957. [PMID: 35741086 PMCID: PMC9221767 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are among the most abundant cells in the mammalian circulation. Classical platelet functions in hemostasis and wound healing have been intensively explored and are generally accepted. During the past decades, the research focus broadened towards their participation in immune-modulatory events, including pro-inflammatory and, more recently, inflammatory resolution processes. Platelets are equipped with a variety of abilities enabling active participation in immunological processes. Toll-like receptors mediate the recognition of pathogens, while the release of granule contents and microvesicles promotes direct pathogen defense and an interaction with leukocytes. Platelets communicate and physically interact with neutrophils, monocytes and a subset of lymphocytes via soluble mediators and surface adhesion receptors. This interaction promotes leukocyte recruitment, migration and extravasation, as well as the initiation of effector functions, such as the release of extracellular traps by neutrophils. Platelet-derived prostaglandin E2, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and transforming growth factor β modulate inflammatory resolution processes by promoting the synthesis of pro-resolving mediators while reducing pro-inflammatory ones. Furthermore, platelets promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in T helper and regulatory T cells, which affects macrophage polarization. These abilities make platelets key players in inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, including the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019. This review focuses on recent findings in platelet-mediated immunity during acute inflammation.
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19
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. An Insight into Recent Advances on Platelet Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116022. [PMID: 35682700 PMCID: PMC9181192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a variety of roles in vascular biology and are best recognized as primary hemostasis and thrombosis mediators. Platelets have a large number of receptors and secretory molecules that are required for platelet functionality. Upon activation, platelets release multiple substances that have the ability to influence both physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation, tissue regeneration and repair, cancer progression, and spreading. The involvement of platelets in the progression and seriousness of a variety of disorders other than thrombosis is still being discovered, especially in the areas of inflammation and the immunological response. This review represents an integrated summary of recent advances on the function of platelets in pathophysiology that connects hemostasis, inflammation, and immunological response in health and disease and suggests that antiplatelet treatment might be used for more than only thrombosis.
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20
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Winskel-Wood B, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. Cold storage alters the immune characteristics of platelets and potentiates bacterial-induced aggregation. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1006-1015. [PMID: 35579630 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cold-stored platelets are currently under clinical evaluation and have been approved for limited clinical use in the United States. Most studies have focused on the haemostatic functionality of cold-stored platelets; however, limited information is available examining changes to their immune function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two buffy-coat-derived platelet components were combined and split into two treatment arms: room temperature (RT)-stored (20-24°C) or refrigerated (cold-stored, 2-6°C). The concentration of select soluble factors was measured in the supernatant using commercial ELISA kits. The abundance of surface receptors associated with immunological function was assessed by flow cytometry. Platelet aggregation was assessed in response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in the presence and absence of RGDS (blocks active conformation of integrin α2 β3 ). RESULTS Cold-stored platelet components contained a lower supernatant concentration of C3a, RANTES and PF4. The abundance of surface-bound P-selectin and integrin α2 β3 in the activated conformation increased during cold storage. In comparison, the abundance of CD86, CD44, ICAM-2, CD40, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 was lower on the surface membrane of cold-stored platelets compared to RT-stored components. Cold-stored platelets exhibited an increased responsiveness to E. coli- and S. aureus-induced aggregation compared to RT-stored platelets. Inhibition of the active conformation of integrin α2 β3 using RGDS reduced the potentiation of bacterial-induced aggregation in cold-stored platelets. CONCLUSION Our data highlight that cold storage changes the in vitro immune characteristics of platelets, including their sensitivity to bacterial-induced aggregation. Changes in these immune characteristics may have clinical implications post transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Winskel-Wood
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Losada PX, DeLaura I, Narváez CF. Dengue Virus and Platelets: From the Biology to the Clinic. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:349-358. [PMID: 35483090 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral illnesses found in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia has one of the highest rates of dengue cases in the Americas. Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection presents with capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and organ compromise, eventually leading to death. Over the years, there have been many efforts to develop a vaccine that guarantees protective immunity, but they have been partially successful, as such immunity would need to guarantee protection against four distinct viral serotypes. Absolute platelet count is a laboratory parameter used to monitor the clinical progression of DENV, as infection is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Although this finding is well described with respect to the natural history of the disease, there are various hypotheses as to the cause of this rapid decrease, and several in vivo and ex vivo models have been used to explain the effect of DENV infection on platelets and their precursors. DENV infects and activates platelets, facilitating their elimination through recognition by phagocytic cells and peripheral margination. However, infection also affects the precursors in the bone marrow by modulating megakaryopoiesis. The objective of this article is to explore various proposed mechanisms of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of this highly relevant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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22
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Lu Q, Ye H, Wang K, Zhao J, Wang H, Song J, Fan X, Lu Y, Cao L, Wan B, Zhang H, He Z, Sun J. Bioengineered Platelets Combining Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Postsurgical Melanoma Treatment: Internal Core-Loaded Doxorubicin and External Surface-Anchored Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Backpacks. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3141-3150. [PMID: 35318846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pivotal factors affecting the survival rate of patients include metastasis and tumor recurrence after the resection of the primary tumor. Anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) has promising efficacy but with some side effects for the off-target binding between aPD-L1 and normal tissues. Here, inspired by the excellent targeting capability of platelets with respect to tumor cells, we propose bioengineered platelets (PDNGs) with inner-loaded doxorubicin (DOX) and outer-anchored aPD-L1-cross-linked nanogels to reduce tumor relapse and metastatic spread postoperation. The cargo does not impair the normal physiological functions of platelets. Free aPD-L1 is cross-linked to form nanogels with a higher drug-loading efficiency and is sustainably released to trigger the T-cell-mediated destruction of tumor cells, reversing the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. PDNGs can reduce the postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis rate, prolonging the survival time of mice. Our findings indicate that bioengineered platelets are promising in postsurgical cancer treatment by the tumor-capturing and in situ microvesicle-secreting capabilities of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Ye
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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23
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Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Shen JP, Martch SL, Maitra A, Kopetz S, Honn KV, Sood AK. Of vascular defense, hemostasis, cancer, and platelet biology: an evolutionary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:147-172. [PMID: 35022962 PMCID: PMC8754476 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have established considerable expertise in studying the role of platelets in cancer biology. From this expertise, we were keen to recognize the numerous venous-, arterial-, microvascular-, and macrovascular thrombotic events and immunologic disorders are caused by severe, acute-respiratory-syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. With this offering, we explore the evolutionary connections that place platelets at the center of hemostasis, immunity, and adaptive phylogeny. Coevolutionary changes have also occurred in vertebrate viruses and their vertebrate hosts that reflect their respective evolutionary interactions. As mammals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial life and the heavy blood loss associated with placentalization-based live birth, platelets evolved phylogenetically from thrombocytes toward higher megakaryocyte-blebbing-based production rates and the lack of nuclei. With no nuclei and robust RNA synthesis, this adaptation may have influenced viral replication to become less efficient after virus particles are engulfed. Human platelets express numerous receptors that bind viral particles, which developed from archetypal origins to initiate aggregation and exocytic-release of thrombo-, immuno-, angiogenic-, growth-, and repair-stimulatory granule contents. Whether by direct, evolutionary, selective pressure, or not, these responses may help to contain virus spread, attract immune cells for eradication, and stimulate angiogenesis, growth, and wound repair after viral damage. Because mammalian and marsupial platelets became smaller and more plate-like their biophysical properties improved in function, which facilitated distribution near vessel walls in fluid-shear fields. This adaptation increased the probability that platelets could then interact with and engulf shedding virus particles. Platelets also generate circulating microvesicles that increase membrane surface-area encounters and mark viral targets. In order to match virus-production rates, billions of platelets are generated and turned over per day to continually provide active defenses and adaptation to suppress the spectrum of evolving threats like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Martch
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. 430 Chemistry, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Vélez-Páez JL, Legua P, Vélez-Páez P, Irigoyen E, Andrade H, Jara A, López F, Pérez-Galarza J, Baldeón L. Mean platelet volume and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio as predictors of severity and mortality in sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262356. [PMID: 34990467 PMCID: PMC8735631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a public health problem due to its high prevalence and mortality. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a biomarker reported in routine blood counts, has been investigated and shows promise for determining fatal outcomes in septic patients. OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether the mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet count (MPV/P) ratio are predictors of clinical severity and mortality in patients with sepsis. METHODS A prospective population cohort of 163 patients aged 18-97 years was recruited at the Intensive Care Unit of Pablo Arturo Hospital, Quito, Ecuador from 2017-2019 and followed up for 28 days. Patients were diagnosed with sepsis based on SEPSIS-3 septic shock criteria; in which the MPV and the MPV/P ratio were measured on days 1, 2, and 3. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and presence of septic shock assessed clinical severity. Mortality on day 28 was considered the fatal outcome. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 61,15 years (SD 20,94) and female sex was predominant. MPV cutoff points at days 1, 2 and 3 were >9,45fL, >8,95fL and >8, 85fL; and (MPV/P) ratio >8, 18, >4, 12 y >3, 95, respectively. MPV at days 2 (9,85fL) and 3 (8,55fL) and (MPV/P) ratio at days 1 (4,42), 2 (4,21), and 3 (8,55), were predictors of clinical severity assessed by septic shock, which reached significance in the ROC curves. MPV and (MPV/P) ratio were also predictors of clinical severity determined by SOFA at days 1, 2, and 3, where higher values were observed in non-survivors reaching significance in all categories. MPV and MPV/P ratio at days 1, 2 and 3 were independent predictor factors of mortality using Cox proportional hazards model (HR 2,31; 95% CI 1,36-3,94), (HR 2,11; 95% CI 1,17-3,82), (HR 2,13; 95% CI 1,07-4,21) and (HR 2,38; 95% CI 1,38-4,12), (HR 2,15; 95% CI 1,14-4,06), (HR 4,43; 95% CI, 1,72-11,37) respectively. CONCLUSIONS MPV and the MPV/P ratio are predictors of clinical severity and mortality in sepsis. The MPV and its coefficient are indicators of the biological behavior of platelets in sepsis. They should be considered as a cost-effective and rapidly available tool that guides the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Vélez-Páez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación Clínica en Medicina Crítica, Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Legua
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Pablo Vélez-Páez
- Centro de Investigación Clínica en Medicina Crítica, Quito, Ecuador
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital General IESS de Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Estefanía Irigoyen
- Centro de Investigación Clínica en Medicina Crítica, Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Henry Andrade
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital General IESS de Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Jara
- Unidad de Emergencia, Hospital Básico de Machachi, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Fernanda López
- Instituto de Posgrado Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Pérez-Galarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lucy Baldeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
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25
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Abstract
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for >150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary megakaryocytes may be immune differentiated compared with bone marrow megakaryocytes, but the physiological relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Alison Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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26
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Przyborowski K, Kurpinska A, Wojkowska D, Kaczara P, Suraj‐Prazmowska J, Karolczak K, Malinowska A, Pelesz A, Kij A, Kalvins I, Watala C, Chlopicki S. Protein disulfide isomerase-A1 regulates intraplatelet reactive oxygen species-thromboxane A 2 -dependent pathway in human platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:157-169. [PMID: 34592041 PMCID: PMC9292974 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived protein disulfide isomerase 1 (PDIA1) regulates thrombus formation, but its role in the regulation of platelet function is not fully understood. AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize the role of PDIA1 in human platelets. METHODS Proteomic analysis of PDI isoforms in platelets was performed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectometry, and the expression of PDIs on platelets in response to collagen, TRAP-14, or ADP was measured with flow cytometry. The effects of bepristat, a selective PDIA1 inhibitor, on platelet aggregation, expression of platelet surface activation markers, thromboxane A2 (TxA2 ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated by optical aggregometry, flow cytometry, ELISA, and dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate-based fluorescent assay, respectively. RESULTS PDIA1 was less abundant compared with PDIA3 in resting platelets and platelets stimulated with TRAP-14, collagen, or ADP. Collagen, but not ADP, induced a significant increase in PDIA1 expression. Bepristat potently inhibited the aggregation of washed platelets induced by collagen or convulxin, but only weakly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by TRAP-14 or thrombin, and had the negligible effect on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. Inhibition of PDIA1 by bepristat resulted in the reduction of TxA2 and ROS production in collagen- or thrombin-stimulated platelets. Furthermore, bepristat reduced the activation of αIIbβ3 integrin and expression of P-selectin. CONCLUSIONS PDIA1 acts as an intraplatelet regulator of the ROS-TxA2 pathway in collagen-GP VI receptor-mediated platelet activation that is a mechanistically distinct pathway from extracellular regulation of αIIbβ3 integrin by PDIA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Dagmara Wojkowska
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic DisordersMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | | | - Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic DisordersMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Mass Spectrometry LaboratoryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Agnieszka Pelesz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Ivars Kalvins
- Laboratory of Carbocyclic CompoundsLatvian Institute of Organic SynthesisRigaLatvia
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic DisordersMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
- Chair of Biomedical SciencesMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Chair of PharmacologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
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27
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Platelets in COVID-19 disease: friend, foe, or both? Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1182-1197. [PMID: 36463349 PMCID: PMC9726679 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-thrombosis of COVID-19 results in the activation of platelets and coagulopathy. Antiplatelet therapy has been widely used in COVID-19 patients to prevent thrombotic events. However, recent analysis of clinical trials does not support the major effects of antiplatelet therapy on mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, despite the indisputable evidence for an increased risk of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 disease. This apparent paradox calls for an explanation. Platelets have an important role in sensing and orchestrating host response to infection, and several platelet functions related to host defense response not directly related to their well-known hemostatic function are emerging. In this paper, we aim to review the evidence supporting the notion that platelets have protective properties in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity in the course of an inflammatory response, and this role seems to be of particular importance in the lung. It might, thus, well be that the inhibition of platelet function, if affecting the protective aspect of platelet activity, might diminish clinical benefits resulting from the inhibition of the pro-thrombotic phenotype of platelets in immuno-thrombosis of COVID-19. A better understanding of the platelet-dependent mechanisms involved in the preservation of the endothelial barrier is necessary to design the antiplatelet therapeutic strategies that inhibit the pro-thrombotic activity of platelets without effects on the vaso-protective function of platelets safeguarding the pulmonary endothelial barrier during multicellular host defense in pulmonary circulation.
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28
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Locatelli L, Colciago A, Castiglioni S, Maier JA. Platelets in Wound Healing: What Happens in Space? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:716184. [PMID: 34760877 PMCID: PMC8572965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.716184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their fundamental role in hemostasis, platelets importantly contribute to other processes aimed at maintaining homeostasis. Indeed, platelets are a natural source of growth factors and also release many other substances-such as fibronectin, vitronectin, sphingosine 1-phosphate-that are important in maintaining healthy tissues, and ensuring regeneration and repair. Despite rare thrombotic events have been documented in astronauts, some in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that microgravity affects platelet's number and function, thus increasing the risk of hemorrhages and contributing to retard wound healing. Here we provide an overview about events linking platelets to the impairment of wound healing in space, also considering, besides weightlessness, exposure to radiation and psychological stress. In the end we discuss the possibility of utilizing platelet rich plasma as a tool to treat skin injuries eventually occurring during space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colciago
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Wood B, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. Cryopreservation alters the immune characteristics of platelets. Transfusion 2021; 61:3432-3442. [PMID: 34636427 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreserved platelets are under clinical evaluation as they offer improvements in shelf-life and potentially hemostatic effectiveness. However, the effect of cryopreservation on characteristics related to the immune function of platelets has not been examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Buffy coat derived platelets were cryopreserved at -80°C using 5%-6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, n = 8). Paired testing was conducted pre-freeze (PF), post-thaw (PT0), and after 24 h of post-thaw storage at room temperature (PT24). The concentration of biological response modifiers (BRMs) in the supernatant was measured using commercial ELISAs and surface receptor abundance was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Cryopreservation resulted in increased RANTES, PF4, and C3a but decreased IL-1β, OX40L, IL-13, IL-27, CD40L, and C5a concentrations in the supernatant, compared to PF samples. C4a, endocan, and HMGB1 concentrations were similar between the PF and PT0 groups. The abundance of surface-expressed P-selectin, siglec-7, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 was increased PT0; while CD40, CLEC2, ICAM-2, and MHC-I were decreased, compared to PF. The surface abundance of CD40L, B7-2, DC-SIGN, HCAM, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 was unchanged by cryopreservation. Following 24 h of post-thaw storage, all immune associated receptors and TLRs increased to levels higher than observed on PF and PT0 platelets. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation alters the immune phenotype of platelets. Understanding the clinical implications of the observed changes in BRM release and receptor abundance are essential, as they may influence the likelihood of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wood
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Fard MB, Fard SB, Ramazi S, Atashi A, Eslamifar Z. Thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: Role of platelet activation-mediated immunity. Thromb J 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34425822 PMCID: PMC8380864 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis plays an important role in the Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction. Multiple factors such as oxygen demand injuries, endothelial cells injury related to infection, and plaque formation. Main body Platelets obtained from the patients may have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, showing that the increased activation potential recommends platelet can be hyper-activated in severely ill SARS-CoV-2 cases. Platelets contain multiple receptors that interact with specific ligands. Pathogen’s receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor family, glycoprotein (GP) such as GPαIIbβ3 and GPIbα which allow pathogens to interact with platelets. Platelet TLRs and NOD2 are involved in platelet activation and thrombosis. Accordingly, TLRs are critical receptors that could recognize various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are considered as important components in the activation of innate immunity response against pathogenic and non-pathogenic components like damaged tissues. TLRs-1,-2,-4,-6,-7 expression on or within platelets has been reported previously. Various PAMPs were indicated to be capable of binding to platelet-TLRs and inducing both the activation and promotion of downstream proinflammatory signaling cascade. Conclusion It is possible that the increased TLRs expression and TLR-mediated platelets activation during COVID-19 may enhance vascular and coronary thrombosis. It may be hypothesized using TLRs antagonist and monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, as the marker of leukocyte recruitment and platelet activation, besides viral therapy provide therapeutic advances in fighting against the thrombosis related complications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahin Ramazi
- Department of biophysics, faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research center, Shahroud university of medical sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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31
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Kanikarla Marie P, Fowlkes NW, Afshar-Kharghan V, Martch SL, Sorokin A, Shen JP, Morris VK, Dasari A, You N, Sood AK, Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Menter DG. The Provocative Roles of Platelets in Liver Disease and Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643815. [PMID: 34367949 PMCID: PMC8335590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both platelets and the liver play important roles in the processes of coagulation and innate immunity. Platelet responses at the site of an injury are rapid; their immediate activation and structural changes minimize the loss of blood. The majority of coagulation proteins are produced by the liver—a multifunctional organ that also plays a critical role in many processes: removal of toxins and metabolism of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs. Chronic inflammation, trauma, or other causes of irreversible damage to the liver can dysregulate these pathways leading to organ and systemic abnormalities. In some cases, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios can also be a predictor of disease outcome. An example is cirrhosis, which increases the risk of bleeding and prothrombotic events followed by activation of platelets. Along with a triggered coagulation cascade, the platelets increase the risk of pro-thrombotic events and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. This progression and the resulting tissue destruction is physiologically comparable to a persistent, chronic wound. Various cancers, including colorectal cancer, have been associated with increased thrombocytosis, platelet activation, platelet-storage granule release, and thrombosis; anti-platelet agents can reduce cancer risk and progression. However, in cancer patients with pre-existing liver disease who are undergoing chemotherapy, the risk of thrombotic events becomes challenging to manage due to their inherent risk for bleeding. Chemotherapy, also known to induce damage to the liver, further increases the frequency of thrombotic events. Depending on individual patient risks, these factors acting together can disrupt the fragile balance between pro- and anti-coagulant processes, heightening liver thrombogenesis, and possibly providing a niche for circulating tumor cells to adhere to—thus promoting both liver metastasis and cancer-cell survival following treatment (that is, with minimal residual disease in the liver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalie W Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie L Martch
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Van K Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy You
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David George Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Melki I, Allaeys I, Tessandier N, Lévesque T, Cloutier N, Laroche A, Vernoux N, Becker Y, Benk-Fortin H, Zufferey A, Rollet-Labelle E, Pouliot M, Poirier G, Patey N, Belleannee C, Soulet D, McKenzie SE, Brisson A, Tremblay ME, Lood C, Fortin PR, Boilard E. Platelets release mitochondrial antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/581/eaav5928. [PMID: 33597264 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of DNA and nuclear components in blood and their recognition by autoantibodies play a central role in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the efforts, the sources of circulating autoantigens in SLE are still unclear. Here, we show that in SLE, platelets release mitochondrial DNA, the majority of which is associated with the extracellular mitochondrial organelle. Mitochondrial release in patients with SLE correlates with platelet degranulation. This process requires the stimulation of platelet FcγRIIA, a receptor for immune complexes. Because mice lack FcγRIIA and murine platelets are completely devoid of receptor capable of binding IgG-containing immune complexes, we used transgenic mice expressing FcγRIIA for our in vivo investigations. FcγRIIA expression in lupus-prone mice led to the recruitment of platelets in kidneys and to the release of mitochondria in vivo. Using a reporter mouse with red fluorescent protein targeted to the mitochondrion, we confirmed platelets as a source of extracellular mitochondria driven by FcγRIIA and its cosignaling by the fibrinogen receptor α2bβ3 in vivo. These findings suggest that platelets might be a key source of mitochondrial antigens in SLE and might be a therapeutic target for treating SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Melki
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Audrée Laroche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval et Département de Médecine Moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Yann Becker
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Hadrien Benk-Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Anne Zufferey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Rollet-Labelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Guy Poirier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Natacha Patey
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine, Faculté de Médecine, Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Clemence Belleannee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IPB, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval et Département de Médecine Moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada. .,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada. .,Faculté de Médecine and Centre de Recherche ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Shevchuk O, Begonja AJ, Gambaryan S, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Huber TB, Greinacher A, Renne T, Sickmann A. Proteomics: A Tool to Study Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094776. [PMID: 33946341 PMCID: PMC8125008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are components of the blood that are highly reactive, and they quickly respond to multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the last decade, it became clear that platelets are the key components of circulation, linking hemostasis, innate, and acquired immunity. Protein composition, localization, and activity are crucial for platelet function and regulation. The current state of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has tremendous potential to identify and quantify thousands of proteins from a minimal amount of material, unravel multiple post-translational modifications, and monitor platelet activity during drug treatments. This review focuses on the role of proteomics in understanding the molecular basics of the classical and newly emerging functions of platelets. including the recently described role of platelets in immunology and the development of COVID-19.The state-of-the-art proteomic technologies and their application in studying platelet biogenesis, signaling, and storage are described, and the potential of newly appeared trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) is highlighted. Additionally, implementing proteomic methods in platelet transfusion medicine, and as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shevchuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Torez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center (MPC), Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.S.)
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Allaoui A, Khawaja AA, Badad O, Naciri M, Lordkipanidzé M, Guessous F, Zaid Y. Platelet Function in Viral Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:419-426. [PMID: 33851385 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, as nonnucleated blood components, are classically recognized for their pivotal role in hemostasis. In recent years, however, accumulating evidence points to a nonhemostatic role for platelets, as active participants in the inflammatory and immune responses to microbial organisms in infectious diseases. This stems from the ability of activated platelets to secrete a plethora of immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as directly interplaying with viral receptors. While much attention has been given to the role of the cytokine storm in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), less is known about the contribution of platelets to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we give a brief overview on the platelet contribution to antiviral immunity and response during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Allaoui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Akif A Khawaja
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oussama Badad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Department of Plant, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Mariam Naciri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Research Center of Abulcasis University of Health Sciences, Cheikh Zaïd Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Abstract
Platelets play an essential role in maintaining vascular integrity after injury. In addition, platelets contribute to the immune response to pathogens. For instance, they express receptors that mediate binding of viruses, and toll-like receptors that activate the cell in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Platelets can be beneficial and/or detrimental during viral infections. They reduce blood-borne viruses by engulfing the free virus and presenting the virus to neutrophils. However, platelets can also enhance inflammation and tissue injury during viral infections. Here, we discuss the roles of platelets in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prominent global health issues; therefore, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these conditions. The onset of obesity is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory cells, including Ly6chi monocytes (which differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages) and neutrophils, in metabolic tissues. This shift toward chronic, low-grade inflammation is an obese-state hallmark and highly linked to metabolic disorders and other obesity comorbidities. The mechanisms that induce and maintain increased inflammatory myelopoiesis are of great interest, with a recent focus on how obesity affects more primitive hematopoietic cells. The hematopoietic system is constantly replenished by proper regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) pools in the BM. While early research suggests that chronic obesity promotes expansion of myeloid-skewed HSPCs, the involvement of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in regulating obesity-induced myelopoiesis remains undefined. In this review, we explore the role of the multicellular HSC niche in hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the potential contribution of this niche to the hematopoietic response to obesity. This review further aims to summarize the potential HSC niche involvement as a target of obesity-induced inflammation and a driver of obesity-induced myelopoiesis.
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38
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Zaslavsky A, Adams M, Cao X, Yamaguchi A, Henderson J, Busch-Østergren P, Udager A, Pitchiaya S, Tourdot B, Kasputis T, Church SJ, Lee SK, Ohl S, Patel S, Morgan TM, Alva A, Wakefield TW, Reichert Z, Holinstat M, Palapattu GS. Antisense oligonucleotides and nucleic acids generate hypersensitive platelets. Thromb Res 2021; 200:64-71. [PMID: 33540294 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the great promise for therapies using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), their adverse effects, which include pro-inflammatory effects and thrombocytopenia, have limited their use. Previously, these effects have been linked to the phosphorothioate (PS) backbone necessary to prevent rapid ASO degradation in plasma. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of the nucleic acid portion of an ASO-type drug on platelets and determine if it may contribute to thrombosis or thrombocytopenia. METHODS Platelets were isolated from healthy donors and men with advanced prostate cancer. Effects of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), oligonucleotides, gDNA, and microRNA on platelet activation and aggregation were evaluated. A mouse model of lung thrombosis was used to confirm the effects of PS-modified oligonucleotides in vivo. RESULTS Platelet exposure to gDNA, miRNA, and oligonucleotides longer than 16-mer at a concentration above 8 mM resulted in the formation of hypersensitive platelets, characterized by an increased sensitivity to low-dose thrombin (0.1 nM) and increase in p-Selectin expression (6-8 fold greater than control; p < 0.001). The observed nucleic acid (NA) effects on platelets were toll-like receptor (TLR) -7 subfamily dependent. Injection of a p-Selectin inhibitor significantly (p = 0.02) reduced the formation of oligonucleotide-associated pulmonary microthrombosis in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that platelet exposure to nucleic acids independent of the presence of a PS modification leads to a generation of hypersensitive platelets and requires TLR-7 subfamily receptors. ASO studies conducted in cancer patients may benefit from testing the ASO effects on platelets ex vivo before initiation of patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zaslavsky
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Mackenzie Adams
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiu Cao
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James Henderson
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Aaron Udager
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tadas Kasputis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel J Church
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha K Lee
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Ohl
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shivam Patel
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ajjai Alva
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas W Wakefield
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zachery Reichert
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ganesh S Palapattu
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Platelet CXCL4 mediates neutrophil extracellular traps formation in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 33420306 PMCID: PMC7794527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Recent reports suggest that platelets stimulated via toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways can induce NETs formation. However, the mechanism underlying the involvement of platelets in NETs formation in AAV is unknown. We investigated the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of AAV. Platelets from AAV patients and healthy controls (HCs) were co-cultured with peripheral neutrophils, and NETs formation was visualized and quantified. The expression levels of TLRs on platelets were examined by flow cytometry. Platelets were treated with a TLR agonist, platelet-derived humoral factor, CXCL4 (platelet factor 4: PF4), and/or anti-CXCL4 antibody to investigate the effects of TLR–CXCL4 signaling on NETs formation. Platelets from AAV significantly upregulated NETs formation in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportion of TLR9 positive platelets was significantly higher in AAV than HCs. CXCL4 released from TLR9 agonist-stimulated platelets was significantly enhanced in AAV, which subsequently increased NETs formation. Further, neutralizing anti-CXCL4 antibody significantly inhibited NETs formation enhanced by platelets from AAV. TLR9 signaling and CXCL4 release underlie the key role that platelets play in NETs formation in the pathogenesis of AAV.
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40
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Krajewski D, Polukort SH, Gelzinis J, Rovatti J, Kaczenski E, Galinski C, Pantos M, Shah NN, Schneider SS, Kennedy DR, Mathias CB. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Regulate IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Responses and Their Inhibition Confers Protective Effects During Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606837. [PMID: 33414789 PMCID: PMC7783394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiol isomerase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), plays important intracellular roles during protein folding, maintaining cellular function and viability. Recent studies suggest novel roles for extracellular cell surface PDI in enhancing cellular activation and promoting their function. Moreover, a number of food-derived substances have been shown to regulate cellular PDI activity and alter disease progression. We hypothesized that PDI may have similar roles during mast cell-mediated allergic responses and examined its effects on IgE-induced mast cell activity during cell culture and food allergy. Mast cells were activated via IgE and antigen and the effects of PDI inhibition on mast cell activation were assessed. The effects of PDI blockade in vivo were examined by treating mice with the irreversible PDI inhibitor, PACMA-31, in an ovalbumin-induced model of food allergy. The role of dietary PDI modulators was investigated using various dietary compounds including curcumin and quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin). PDI expression was observed on resting mast cell surfaces, intracellularly, and in the intestines of allergic mice. Furthermore, enhanced secretion of extracellular PDI was observed on mast cell membranes during IgE and antigen activation. Insulin turbidimetric assays demonstrated that curcumin is a potent PDI inhibitor and pre-treatment of mast cells with curcumin or established PDI inhibitors such as bacitracin, rutin or PACMA-31, resulted in the suppression of IgE-mediated activation and the secretion of various cytokines. This was accompanied by decreased mast cell proliferation, FcεRI expression, and mast cell degranulation. Similarly, treatment of allergic BALB/c mice with PACMA-31 attenuated the development of food allergy resulting in decreased allergic diarrhea, mast cell activation, and fewer intestinal mast cells. The production of TH2-specific cytokines was also suppressed. Our observations suggest that PDI catalytic activity is essential in the regulation of mast cell activation, and that its blockade may benefit patients with allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Justine Gelzinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Edwin Kaczenski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Christine Galinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Megan Pantos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Nickul N. Shah
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Clinton B. Mathias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Wood B, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. The immune potential of ex vivo stored platelets: a review. Vox Sang 2020; 116:477-488. [PMID: 33326606 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are now acknowledged as key regulators of the immune system, as they are capable of mediating inflammation, leucocyte recruitment and activation. This activity is facilitated through platelet activation, which induces significant changes in the surface receptor profile and triggers the release of a range of soluble biological response modifiers (BRMs). In the field of transfusion medicine, the immune function of platelets has gained considerable attention as this may be linked to the development of adverse transfusion reactions. Further, component manufacturing and storage methodologies may impact the immunoregulatory role of platelets, and an understanding of this impact is crucial and should be considered alongside their haemostatic characteristics. This review highlights the key interactions between platelets and traditional immune modulators. Further, the potential impact of current and novel component storage methodologies, such as refrigeration and cryopreservation, on this functional capacity is examined, highlighting why further knowledge in this area would be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wood
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
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Lorenzen I, Eble JA, Hanschmann EM. Thiol switches in membrane proteins - Extracellular redox regulation in cell biology. Biol Chem 2020; 402:253-269. [PMID: 33108336 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox-mediated signal transduction depends on the enzymatic production of second messengers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfite, as well as specific, reversible redox modifications of cysteine-residues in proteins. So-called thiol switches induce for instance conformational changes in specific proteins that regulate cellular pathways e.g., cell metabolism, proliferation, migration, gene expression and inflammation. Reduction, oxidation and disulfide isomerization are controlled by oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin family, including thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins and protein dsisulfide isomerases. These proteins are located in different cellular compartments, interact with substrates and catalyze specific reactions. Interestingly, some of these proteins are released by cells. Their extracellular functions and generally extracellular redox control have been widely underestimated. Here, we give an insight into extracellular redox signaling, extracellular thiol switches and their regulation by secreted oxidoreductases and thiol-isomerases, a topic whose importance has been scarcely studied so far, likely due to methodological limitations. We focus on the secreted redox proteins and characterized thiol switches in the ectodomains of membrane proteins, such as integrins and the metalloprotease ADAM17, which are among the best-characterized proteins and discuss their underlying mechanisms and biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Lorenzen
- Centre of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225Düsseldorf, Germany
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- tbwa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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44
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 waitfor delay '0:0:5'-- wvzy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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45
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null-- rqgz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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46
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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47
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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48
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and sleep(5)-- larb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9425=(select 9425 from pg_sleep(5))-- untq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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50
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9425=(select 9425 from pg_sleep(5))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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