1
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Ramazanov BR, Parchure A, Di Martino R, Kumar A, Chung M, Kim Y, Griesbeck O, Schwartz MA, Luini A, von Blume J. Calcium flow at ER-TGN contact sites facilitates secretory cargo export. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar50. [PMID: 38294859 PMCID: PMC11064664 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ influx into the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) promotes secretory cargo sorting by the Ca2+-ATPase SPCA1 and the luminal Ca2+ binding protein Cab45. Cab45 oligomerizes upon local Ca2+ influx, and Cab45 oligomers sequester and separate soluble secretory cargo from the bulk flow of proteins in the TGN. However, how this Ca2+ flux into the lumen of the TGN is achieved remains mysterious, as the cytosol has a nanomolar steady-state Ca2+ concentration. The TGN forms membrane contact sites (MCS) with the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), allowing protein-mediated exchange of molecular species such as lipids. Here, we show that the TGN export of secretory proteins requires the integrity of ER-TGN MCS and inositol 3 phosphate receptor (IP3R)-dependent Ca2+ fluxes in the MCS, suggesting Ca2+ transfer between these organelles. Using an MCS-targeted Ca2+ FRET sensor module, we measure the Ca2+ flow in these sites in real time. These data show that ER-TGN MCS facilitates the Ca2+ transfer required for Ca2+-dependent cargo sorting and export from the TGN, thus solving a fundamental question in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat R. Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Anup Parchure
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Minhwan Chung
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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2
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Lujan P, Garcia-Cabau C, Wakana Y, Vera Lillo J, Rodilla-Ramírez C, Sugiura H, Malhotra V, Salvatella X, Garcia-Parajo MF, Campelo F. Sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network by human TGN46. eLife 2024; 12:RP91708. [PMID: 38466628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins are sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for export into specific transport carriers. However, the molecular players involved in this fundamental process remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the human transmembrane protein TGN46 as a receptor for the export of secretory cargo protein PAUF in CARTS - a class of protein kinase D-dependent TGN-to-plasma membrane carriers. We show that TGN46 is necessary for cargo sorting and loading into nascent carriers at the TGN. By combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mutagenesis approaches, we further discovered that the lumenal domain of TGN46 encodes for its cargo sorting function. In summary, our results define a cellular function of TGN46 in sorting secretory proteins for export from the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodilla-Ramírez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hideaki Sugiura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Liu D, Paladino S, Zurzolo C, Lebreton S. Calcium-binding Cab45 regulates the polarized apical secretion of soluble proteins in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br12. [PMID: 37163315 PMCID: PMC10398874 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion is essential for epithelial tissue homoeostasis and therefore has to be tightly regulated. However, while the mechanisms regulating polarized protein sorting and trafficking have been widely studied in the past decade, those governing polarized secretion remain elusive. The calcium manganese pump SPCA1 and the calcium-binding protein Cab45 were recently shown to regulate the secretion of a subset of soluble cargoes in nonpolarized HeLa cells. Interestingly, we demonstrated that in polarized epithelial cells calcium levels in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), controlled by SPCA1, and Cab45 are critical for the apical sorting of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), a class of integral membrane proteins containing a soluble protein attached to the membrane by the GPI anchor, prompting us to investigate the mechanism regulating the polarized secretion of soluble cargoes. By reducing Cab45 expression level or overexpressing an inactive mutant of SPCA1, we found that Cab45 and calcium levels in the TGN drive the polarized apical secretion of a secretory form of placental alkaline phosphatase, exogenously expressed, and the endogenous soluble protein clusterin/Gp80 in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. These data highlight the critical role of a calcium-dependent Cab45 mechanism regulating apical exocytosis in polarized MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Lebreton
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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4
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Tran ML, Kim Y, von Blume J. Quantification of Protein Exit at the Trans-Golgi Network. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2557:583-594. [PMID: 36512239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With one-third of all newly synthesized proteins entering the secretory pathway, correct protein sorting is essential for cellular homeostasis. In the last three decades, researchers have developed numerous biochemical, genetic, and cell biological approaches to study protein export and sorting from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). However, accurately quantifying protein transport from one compartment to the next in the secretory pathway has been challenging. The Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system is a method that allows monitoring trafficking of a protein of interest in real time, similar to a pulse-chase experiment but without the need of radiolabeling. Accurate calculations, however, are necessary and currently lacking. Here, we combine the RUSH system with live cell imaging to quantify and calculate half lives. We exemplify our approach using a soluble secreted protein (LyzC). This system will benefit membrane trafficking researchers by adding numbers to protein export and comparing the export kinetics of different cargoes and variating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Tran ML, Tüshaus J, Kim Y, Ramazanov BR, Devireddy S, Lichtenthaler SF, Ferguson SM, von Blume J. Cab45 deficiency leads to the mistargeting of progranulin and prosaposin and aberrant lysosomal positioning. Traffic 2023; 24:4-19. [PMID: 36398980 PMCID: PMC9825660 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trans-Golgi Network (TGN) sorts molecular "addresses" and sends newly synthesized proteins to their destination via vesicular transport carriers. Despite the functional significance of packaging processes at the TGN, the sorting of soluble proteins remains poorly understood. Recent research has shown that the Golgi resident protein Cab45 is a significant regulator of secretory cargo sorting at the TGN. Cab45 oligomerizes upon transient Ca2+ influx, recruits soluble cargo molecules (clients), and packs them in sphingomyelin-rich transport carriers. However, the identity of client molecules packed into Cab45 vesicles is scarce. Therefore, we used a precise and highly efficient secretome analysis technology called hiSPECs. Intriguingly, we observed that Cab45 deficient cells manifest hypersecretion of lysosomal hydrolases. Specifically, Cab45 deficient cells secrete the unprocessed precursors of prosaposin (PSAP) and progranulin (PGRN). In addition, lysosomes in these cells show an aberrant perinuclear accumulation suggesting a new role of Cab45 in lysosomal positioning. This work uncovers a yet unknown function of Cab45 in regulating lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675
| | - Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bulat R. Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Swathi Devireddy
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Du S, Zhu C, Ren X, Chen X, Cui X, Guan S. Regulation of secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins in human cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:942849. [PMID: 36825005 PMCID: PMC9941534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.942849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins (SPKKPs) are effective in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (GA), and extracellular space. These proteins are involved in secretory signaling pathways and are distinctive from typical protein kinases. Various reports have shown that SPKKPs regulate the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancer via the phosphorylation of various substrates, which is essential in physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence has revealed that the expression of SPKKPs in human cancers is regulated by multiple factors. This review summarizes the current understanding of the contribution of SPKKPs in tumorigenesis and the progression of immunity. With the epidemic trend of immunotherapy, targeting SPKKPs may be a novel approach to anticancer therapy. This study briefly discusses the recent advances regarding SPKKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, D’Souza Z, Lupashin VV. GARP dysfunction results in COPI displacement, depletion of Golgi v-SNAREs and calcium homeostasis proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1066504. [PMID: 36578782 PMCID: PMC9791199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) is an evolutionary conserved heterotetrameric protein complex that tethers endosome-derived vesicles and is vital for Golgi glycosylation. Microscopy and proteomic approaches were employed to investigate defects in Golgi physiology in RPE1 cells depleted for the GARP complex. Both cis and trans-Golgi compartments were significantly enlarged in GARP-knock-out (KO) cells. Proteomic analysis of Golgi-enriched membranes revealed significant depletion of a subset of Golgi residents, including Ca2+ binding proteins, enzymes, and SNAREs. Validation of proteomics studies revealed that SDF4 and ATP2C1, related to Golgi calcium homeostasis, as well as intra-Golgi v-SNAREs GOSR1 and BET1L, were significantly depleted in GARP-KO cells. Finding that GARP-KO is more deleterious to Golgi physiology than deletion of GARP-sensitive v-SNAREs, prompted a detailed investigation of COPI trafficking machinery. We discovered that in GARP-KO cells COPI is significantly displaced from the Golgi and partially relocalized to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Moreover, COPI accessory proteins GOLPH3, ARFGAP1, GBF1, and BIG1 are also relocated to off-Golgi compartments. We propose that the dysregulation of COPI machinery, along with the depletion of Golgi v-SNAREs and alteration of Golgi Ca2+ homeostasis, are the major driving factors for the depletion of Golgi resident proteins, structural alterations, and glycosylation defects in GARP deficient cells.
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8
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Yamamoto-Hijikata S, Suga K, Homareda H, Ushimaru M. Inhibition of the human secretory pathway Ca 2+, Mn 2+-ATPase1a by 1,3-thiazole derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:56-62. [PMID: 35567944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The human Golgi/secretory pathway Ca2+,Mn2+-ATPase 1 (hSPCA1) transports Ca2+ and Mn2+ into the Golgi lumen. Studies of the biological functions of hSPCA1 are limited by a lack of selective pharmacological tools for SPCA1 inhibition. The aim of this study was therefore to identify compounds that specifically inhibit hSPCA1 activity. We found that five 1,3-thiazole derivatives exhibited inhibitory action towards the ATP hydrolysis activity of hSPCA1a in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the derivatives tested, compound 1 was the most potent, completely inhibiting hSPCA1a activity with a half-maximal inhibition (IC50) value of 0.8 μM. Compound 1 also partially inhibited the activity of another Ca2+,Mn2+-ATPase (hSPCA2) and Ca2+-ATPase (rSERCA1a), but had no effect on Na+,K+-ATPase or H+,K+-ATPase. Treatment of HeLa cells with compound 1 led to fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon into smaller stacks. In addition, compound 1 mobilized intracellular Ca2+ in HeLa cells that had been pre-treated with thapsigargin. Therefore, based on its selectivity and potency, compound 1 may be a valuable tool with which to further explore the role of SPCA1 in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Haruo Homareda
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Ushimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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9
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Golgi Metal Ion Homeostasis in Human Health and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020289. [PMID: 35053405 PMCID: PMC8773785 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a membrane organelle located in the center of the protein processing and trafficking pathway. It consists of sub-compartments with distinct biochemical compositions and functions. Main functions of the Golgi, including membrane trafficking, protein glycosylation, and sorting, require a well-maintained stable microenvironment in the sub-compartments of the Golgi, along with metal ion homeostasis. Metal ions, such as Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, are important cofactors of many Golgi resident glycosylation enzymes. The homeostasis of metal ions in the secretory pathway, which is required for proper function and stress response of the Golgi, is tightly regulated and maintained by transporters. Mutations in the transporters cause human diseases. Here we provide a review specifically focusing on the transporters that maintain Golgi metal ion homeostasis under physiological conditions and their alterations in diseases.
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10
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PKD-dependent PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin transport from Golgi to plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2026494119. [PMID: 34969853 PMCID: PMC8740581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026494119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification involved in key regulatory events catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). Substrate identification and localization of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP12 at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) hinted at the involvement of ARTs in intracellular traffic. We find that Golgin-97, a TGN protein required for the formation and transport of a specific class of basolateral cargoes (e.g., E-cadherin and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein [VSVG]), is a PARP12 substrate. PARP12 targets an acidic cluster in the Golgin-97 coiled-coil domain essential for function. Its mutation or PARP12 depletion, delays E-cadherin and VSVG export and leads to a defect in carrier fission, hence in transport, with consequent accumulation of cargoes in a trans-Golgi/Rab11-positive intermediate compartment. In contrast, PARP12 does not control the Golgin-245-dependent traffic of cargoes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Thus, the transport of different basolateral proteins to the plasma membrane is differentially regulated by Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP12. This identifies a selective regulatory mechanism acting on the transport of Golgin-97- vs. Golgin-245-dependent cargoes. Of note, PARP12 enzymatic activity, and consequently Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation, depends on the activation of protein kinase D (PKD) at the TGN during traffic. PARP12 is directly phosphorylated by PKD, and this is essential to stimulate PARP12 catalytic activity. PARP12 is therefore a component of the PKD-driven regulatory cascade that selectively controls a major branch of the basolateral transport pathway. We propose that through this mechanism, PARP12 contributes to the maintenance of E-cadherin-mediated cell polarity and cell-cell junctions.
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11
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Ford C, Parchure A, von Blume J, Burd CG. Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259110. [PMID: 34870705 PMCID: PMC8714066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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12
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Hassan Z, Kumar ND, Reggiori F, Khan G. How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:2535. [PMID: 34685515 PMCID: PMC8534161 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain dynamic membrane-bound organelles that are constantly remodeled in response to physiological and environmental cues. Key organelles are the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, which are interconnected by vesicular traffic through the secretory transport route. Numerous viruses, especially enveloped viruses, use and modify compartments of the secretory pathway to promote their replication, assembly and cell egression by hijacking the host cell machinery. In some cases, the subversion mechanism has been uncovered. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how the secretory pathway is subverted and exploited by viruses belonging to Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae,Poxviridae, Parvoviridae and Herpesviridae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola PMB 2076, Nigeria
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.D.K.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.D.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
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13
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Calcium levels in the Golgi complex regulate clustering and apical sorting of GPI-APs in polarized epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014709118. [PMID: 34389665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014709118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are lipid-associated luminal secretory cargoes selectively sorted to the apical surface of the epithelia where they reside and play diverse vital functions. Cholesterol-dependent clustering of GPI-APs in the Golgi is the key step driving their apical sorting and their further plasma membrane organization and activity; however, the specific machinery involved in this Golgi event is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that the formation of GPI-AP homoclusters (made of single GPI-AP species) in the Golgi relies directly on the levels of calcium within cisternae. We further demonstrate that the TGN calcium/manganese pump, SPCA1, which regulates the calcium concentration within the Golgi, and Cab45, a calcium-binding luminal Golgi resident protein, are essential for the formation of GPI-AP homoclusters in the Golgi and for their subsequent apical sorting. Down-regulation of SPCA1 or Cab45 in polarized epithelial cells impairs the oligomerization of GPI-APs in the Golgi complex and leads to their missorting to the basolateral surface. Overall, our data reveal an unexpected role for calcium in the mechanism of GPI-AP apical sorting in polarized epithelial cells and identify the molecular machinery involved in the clustering of GPI-APs in the Golgi.
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14
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Ramazanov BR, Tran ML, von Blume J. Sending out molecules from the TGN. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:55-62. [PMID: 33706234 PMCID: PMC8328904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The sorting of secreted cargo proteins and their export from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remains an enigma in the field of membrane trafficking; although the sorting mechanisms of many transmembrane proteins have been well described. The sorting of secreted proteins at the TGN is crucial for the release of signaling factors, as well as extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins are required for cell-cell communication and integrity of an organism. Missecretion of these factors can cause diseases such as neurological disorders, autoimmune disease, or cancer. The major open question is how soluble proteins that are not associated with the membrane are packed into TGN derived transport carriers to facilitate their transport to the plasma membrane. Recent investigations have identified novel types of protein and lipid machinery that facilitate the packing of these molecules into a TGN derived vesicle. In addition, novel research has uncovered an exciting link between cargo sorting and export in which TGN structure and dynamics, as well as TGN/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, play a significant role. Here, we have reviewed the progress made in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat R Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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16
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Ma CIJ, Burgess J, Brill JA. Maturing secretory granules: Where secretory and endocytic pathways converge. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100807. [PMID: 33866198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory granules (SGs) are specialized organelles responsible for the storage and regulated release of various biologically active molecules from the endocrine and exocrine systems. Thus, proper SG biogenesis is critical to normal animal physiology. Biogenesis of SGs starts at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where immature SGs (iSGs) bud off and undergo maturation before fusing with the plasma membrane (PM). How iSGs mature is unclear, but emerging studies have suggested an important role for the endocytic pathway. The requirement for endocytic machinery in SG maturation blurs the line between SGs and another class of secretory organelles called lysosome-related organelles (LROs). Therefore, it is important to re-evaluate the differences and similarities between SGs and LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I Jonathan Ma
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jason Burgess
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4396, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, Room 15.9716, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 2374, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4396, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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17
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Pacheco-Fernandez N, Pakdel M, Blank B, Sanchez-Gonzalez I, Weber K, Tran ML, Hecht TKH, Gautsch R, Beck G, Perez F, Hausser A, Linder S, von Blume J. Nucleobindin-1 regulates ECM degradation by promoting intra-Golgi trafficking of MMPs. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151825. [PMID: 32479594 PMCID: PMC7401813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade several ECM components and are crucial modulators of cell invasion and tissue organization. Although much has been reported about their function in remodeling ECM in health and disease, their trafficking across the Golgi apparatus remains poorly understood. Here we report that the cis-Golgi protein nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) is critical for MMP2 and MT1-MMP trafficking along the Golgi apparatus. This process is Ca2+-dependent and is required for invasive MDA-MB-231 cell migration as well as for gelatin degradation in primary human macrophages. Our findings emphasize the importance of NUCB1 as an essential component of MMP transport and its overall impact on ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Birgit Blank
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kathrin Weber
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mai Ly Tran
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tobias Karl-Heinz Hecht
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Renate Gautsch
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gisela Beck
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franck Perez
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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18
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Sidisky JM, Weaver D, Hussain S, Okumus M, Caratenuto R, Babcock D. Mayday sustains trans-synaptic BMP signaling required for synaptic maintenance with age. eLife 2021; 10:e54932. [PMID: 33667157 PMCID: PMC7935490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining synaptic structure and function over time is vital for overall nervous system function and survival. The processes that underly synaptic development are well understood. However, the mechanisms responsible for sustaining synapses throughout the lifespan of an organism are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized gene, CG31475, regulates synaptic maintenance in adult Drosophila NMJs. We named CG31475 mayday due to the progressive loss of flight ability and synapse architecture with age. Mayday is functionally homologous to the human protein Cab45, which sorts secretory cargo from the Trans Golgi Network (TGN). We find that Mayday is required to maintain trans-synaptic BMP signaling at adult NMJs in order to sustain proper synaptic structure and function. Finally, we show that mutations in mayday result in the loss of both presynaptic motor neurons as well as postsynaptic muscles, highlighting the importance of maintaining synaptic integrity for cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Sidisky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - Daniel Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - Sarrah Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - Meryem Okumus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - Russell Caratenuto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
| | - Daniel Babcock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemUnited States
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19
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Pacheco-Fernandez N, Pakdel M, Von Blume J. Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) Cargo Sorting Assay for Protein Vesicle Tracking in HeLa Cells. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3936. [PMID: 33796610 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring vesicle trafficking is an excellent tool for the evaluation of protein dynamics in living cells. Such study is key for the understanding of protein sorting and secretion. Recent developments in microscopy, as well as new methodologies developed to study synchronized trafficking of proteins, allowed a better understanding of signaling, regulation and trafficking dynamics at the secretory pathway. One of the most helpful tools so far developed is the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system, a methodology that facilitates the evaluation of synchronized cargo trafficking by monitoring fluorescent vesicles in cells upon biotin addition. Here we present a protocol that allows the quantitative evaluation of protein cargo trafficking at different fixed time points and an analytic approach that enables a better examination of specific cargo trafficking dynamics at the secretory pathway. Graphic abstract: Schematic representation of RUSH sorting assay in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia Von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven (CN), USA
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20
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Hecht TKH, Blank B, Steger M, Lopez V, Beck G, Ramazanov B, Mann M, Tagliabracci V, von Blume J. Fam20C regulates protein secretion by Cab45 phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201910089. [PMID: 32422653 PMCID: PMC7265331 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGN is a key compartment for the sorting and secretion of newly synthesized proteins. At the TGN, soluble proteins are sorted based on the instructions carried in their oligosaccharide backbones or by a Ca2+-mediated process that involves the cargo-sorting protein Cab45. Here, we show that Cab45 is phosphorylated by the Golgi-specific protein kinase Fam20C. Mimicking of phosphorylation translocates Cab45 into TGN-derived vesicles, which goes along with an increased export of LyzC, a Cab45 client. Our findings demonstrate that Fam20C plays a key role in the export of Cab45 clients by fine-tuning Cab45 oligomerization and thus impacts Cab45 retention in the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Karl-Heinz Hecht
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Blank
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Steger
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victor Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Gisela Beck
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bulat Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vincent Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
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21
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Stalder D, Gershlick DC. Direct trafficking pathways from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:112-125. [PMID: 32317144 PMCID: PMC7152905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, protein sorting is a highly regulated mechanism important for many physiological events. After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficking to the Golgi apparatus, proteins sort to many different cellular destinations including the endolysosomal system and the extracellular space. Secreted proteins need to be delivered directly to the cell surface. Sorting of secreted proteins from the Golgi apparatus has been a topic of interest for over thirty years, yet there is still no clear understanding of the machinery that forms the post-Golgi carriers. Most evidence points to these post-Golgi carriers being tubular pleomorphic structures that bud from the trans-face of the Golgi. In this review, we present the background studies and highlight the key components of this pathway, we then discuss the machinery implicated in the formation of these carriers, their translocation across the cytosol, and their fusion at the plasma membrane.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BFA, Brefeldin A
- CARTS, CARriers of the TGN to the cell Surface
- CI-MPR, cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor
- Constitutive Secretion
- CtBP3/BARS, C-terminus binding protein 3/BFA adenosine diphosphate–ribosylated substrate
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GPI-anchored proteins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins
- GlcCer, glucosylceramidetol
- Golgi to plasma membrane sorting
- PAUF, pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor
- PKD, Protein Kinase D
- RUSH, retention using selective hooks
- SBP, streptavidin-binding peptide
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor
- SPCA1, secretory pathway calcium ATPase 1
- Secretion
- TGN, trans-Golgi Network
- TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence
- VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus
- pleomorphic tubular carriers
- post-Golgi carriers
- ts, temperature sensitive
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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22
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Chen J, Sitsel A, Benoy V, Sepúlveda MR, Vangheluwe P. Primary Active Ca 2+ Transport Systems in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035113. [PMID: 31501194 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent cell signaling effectors that regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. Among the different players in Ca2+ homeostasis, primary active Ca2+ transporters are responsible for keeping low basal Ca2+ levels in the cytosol while establishing steep Ca2+ gradients across intracellular membranes or the plasma membrane. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the three types of primary active Ca2+-ATPases: the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, the secretory pathway Ca2+- ATPase (SPCA) isoforms, and the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) Ca2+-transporters. We first discuss the Ca2+ transport mechanism of SERCA1a, which serves as a reference to describe the Ca2+ transport of other Ca2+ pumps. We further highlight the common and unique features of each isoform and review their structure-function relationship, expression pattern, regulatory mechanisms, and specific physiological roles. Finally, we discuss the increasing genetic and in vivo evidence that links the dysfunction of specific Ca2+-ATPase isoforms to a broad range of human pathologies, and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies that target Ca2+ pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aljona Sitsel
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veronick Benoy
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Wang WA, Agellon LB, Michalak M. Organellar Calcium Handling in the Cellular Reticular Network. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a038265. [PMID: 31358518 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ is an important intracellular messenger affecting diverse cellular processes. In eukaryotic cells, Ca2+ is handled by a myriad of Ca2+-binding proteins found in organelles that are organized into the cellular reticular network (CRN). The network is comprised of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, membranous components of the endocytic and exocytic pathways, peroxisomes, and the nuclear envelope. Membrane contact sites between the different components of the CRN enable the rapid movement of Ca2+, and communication of Ca2+ status, within the network. Ca2+-handling proteins that reside in the CRN facilitate Ca2+ sensing, buffering, and cellular signaling to coordinate the many processes that operate within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-An Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S7, Canada
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24
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von Blume J, Hausser A. Lipid-dependent coupling of secretory cargo sorting and trafficking at the trans-Golgi network. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2412-2427. [PMID: 31344259 PMCID: PMC8048779 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves as a platform for secretory cargo sorting and trafficking. In recent years, it has become evident that a complex network of lipid–lipid and lipid–protein interactions contributes to these key functions. This review addresses the role of lipids at the TGN with a particular emphasis on sphingolipids and diacylglycerol. We further highlight how these lipids couple secretory cargo sorting and trafficking for spatiotemporal coordination of protein transport to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Prole DL, Taylor CW. A genetically encoded toolkit of functionalized nanobodies against fluorescent proteins for visualizing and manipulating intracellular signalling. BMC Biol 2019; 17:41. [PMID: 31122229 PMCID: PMC6533734 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrabodies enable targeting of proteins in live cells, but generating specific intrabodies against the thousands of proteins in a proteome poses a challenge. We leverage the widespread availability of fluorescently labelled proteins to visualize and manipulate intracellular signalling pathways in live cells by using nanobodies targeting fluorescent protein tags. RESULTS We generated a toolkit of plasmids encoding nanobodies against red and green fluorescent proteins (RFP and GFP variants), fused to functional modules. These include fluorescent sensors for visualization of Ca2+, H+ and ATP/ADP dynamics; oligomerising or heterodimerising modules that allow recruitment or sequestration of proteins and identification of membrane contact sites between organelles; SNAP tags that allow labelling with fluorescent dyes and targeted chromophore-assisted light inactivation; and nanobodies targeted to lumenal sub-compartments of the secretory pathway. We also developed two methods for crosslinking tagged proteins: a dimeric nanobody, and RFP-targeting and GFP-targeting nanobodies fused to complementary hetero-dimerizing domains. We show various applications of the toolkit and demonstrate, for example, that IP3 receptors deliver Ca2+ to the outer membrane of only a subset of mitochondria and that only one or two sites on a mitochondrion form membrane contacts with the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS This toolkit greatly expands the utility of intrabodies and will enable a range of approaches for studying and manipulating cell signalling in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prole
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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26
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Pakdel M, von Blume J. Exploring new routes for secretory protein export from the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 29:235-240. [PMID: 29382805 PMCID: PMC5996961 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-02-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting of soluble proteins for transport to intracellular compartments and for secretion from cells is essential for cell and tissue homeostasis. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a major sorting station that sorts secretory proteins into specific carriers to transport them to their final destinations. The sorting of lysosomal hydrolases at the TGN by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor is well understood. The recent discovery of a Ca2+-based sorting of secretory cargo at the TGN is beginning to uncover the mechanism by which cells sort secretory cargoes from Golgi residents and cargoes destined to the other cellular compartments. This Ca2+-based sorting involves the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, which through membrane anchored Ca2+ ATPase SPCA1 and the luminal Ca2+ binding protein Cab45 sorts of a subset of secretory proteins at the TGN. We present this discovery and highlight important challenges that remain unaddressed in the overall pathway of cargo sorting at the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Pakdel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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27
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Papadopoulou AA, Müller SA, Mentrup T, Shmueli MD, Niemeyer J, Haug-Kröper M, von Blume J, Mayerhofer A, Feederle R, Schröder B, Lichtenthaler SF, Fluhrer R. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2c impairs vesicular transport and cleaves SNARE proteins. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46451. [PMID: 30733281 PMCID: PMC6399617 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the GxGD-type intramembrane aspartyl proteases have emerged as key players not only in fundamental cellular processes such as B-cell development or protein glycosylation, but also in development of pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease or hepatitis virus infections. However, one member of this protease family, signal peptide peptidase-like 2c (SPPL2c), remains orphan and its capability of proteolysis as well as its physiological function is still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that SPPL2c is catalytically active and identify a variety of SPPL2c candidate substrates using proteomics. The majority of the SPPL2c candidate substrates cluster to the biological process of vesicular trafficking. Analysis of selected SNARE proteins reveals proteolytic processing by SPPL2c that impairs vesicular transport and causes retention of cargo proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. As a consequence, the integrity of subcellular compartments, in particular the Golgi, is disturbed. Together with a strikingly high physiological SPPL2c expression in testis, our data suggest involvement of SPPL2c in acrosome formation during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Merav D Shmueli
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Niemeyer
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Haug-Kröper
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Institute for Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
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28
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Zhang D, Huo J, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li X. Altered levels of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interacting proteins were identified in Hailey-Hailey disease by quantitative iTRAQ proteome analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3801-3812. [PMID: 30506709 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benign chronic familial pemphigus or Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD, OMIM 169600) is a rare, autosomal dominant blistering skin disorder characterized by suprabasal cell separation (acantholysis) of the epidermis. To date, the proteomic changes in skin lesions from HHD patients has not been reported yet. In this study, a sample of skin lesions from HHD patients was collected for isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to analyze proteome changes compared with unaffected individuals. The 134 differentially expressed proteins were assigned to at least one Gene Ontology term, and 123 annotated proteins with significant matches were assigned to 187 known metabolic or signaling pathways listed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Most of the altered proteins in skin lesions of HHD patients were enriched in pathways involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and protein digestion and absorption, such as collagen family members, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 and plakophilin. The changes of proteins related to cell adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and protein folding and glycosylation suggested that strategy targeted to alter cell junction and extracellular microenvironment might provide a potential treatment for HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruilian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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29
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Wang Y, Cheng C, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Li X, Gao R, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Q, Periya S, Zhang H, Tsuang MT, Liew CC. Blood-based dynamic genomic signature for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:709-716. [PMID: 30350918 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
No biologically based diagnostic criteria are in clinical use today for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder (MDD), which are defined with reference to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual clinical symptoms alone. However, these disorders cannot always be well distinguished on clinical grounds and may also be comorbid. A biological blood-based dynamic genomic signature that can differentiate among OCD, MDD, and schizophrenia would therefore be of great utility. This study enrolled 77 patients with OCD, 67 controls with no psychiatric illness, 39 patients with MDD, and 40 with schizophrenia. An OCD-specific gene signature was identified using blood gene expression analysis to construct a predictive model of OCD that can differentiate this disorder from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia using a logistic regression algorithm. To verify that the genes selected were not derived as a result of chance, the algorithm was tested twice. First, the algorithm was used to predict the cohort with true disease/control status and second, the algorithm predicted the cohort with disease/control status randomly reassigned (null set). A six-gene panel (COPS7A, FKBP1A, FIBP, TP73-AS1, SDF4, and GOLGA8A) discriminated patients with OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia in the training set (with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.938; accuracy, 86%; sensitivity, 88%; and specificity, 85%). Our findings indicate that a blood transcriptomic signature can distinguish OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia. This finding further confirms the feasibility of using dynamic blood-based genomic signatures in psychiatric disorders and may provide a useful tool for clinical staff engaged in OCD diagnosis and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Cheng
- Research and Development Department, Shanghai Biomedical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Research and Development Department, Bionexus Gene Laboratory, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Research and Development Department, Shanghai Biomedical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanggetha Periya
- Research and Development Department, Bionexus Gene Laboratory, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Haiyin Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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30
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Deng Y, Pakdel M, Blank B, Sundberg EL, Burd CG, von Blume J. Activity of the SPCA1 Calcium Pump Couples Sphingomyelin Synthesis to Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Trans-Golgi Network. Dev Cell 2018; 47:464-478.e8. [PMID: 30393074 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How the principal functions of the Golgi apparatus-protein processing, lipid synthesis, and sorting of macromolecules-are integrated to constitute cargo-specific trafficking pathways originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is unknown. Here, we show that the activity of the Golgi localized SPCA1 calcium pump couples sorting and export of secreted proteins to synthesis of new lipid in the TGN membrane. A secreted Ca2+-binding protein, Cab45, constitutes the core component of a Ca2+-dependent, oligomerization-driven sorting mechanism whereby secreted proteins bound to Cab45 are packaged into a TGN-derived vesicular carrier whose membrane is enriched in sphingomyelin, a lipid implicated in TGN-to-cell surface transport. SPCA1 activity is controlled by the sphingomyelin content of the TGN membrane, such that local sphingomyelin synthesis promotes Ca2+ flux into the lumen of the TGN, which drives secretory protein sorting and export, thereby establishing a protein- and lipid-specific secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emma L Sundberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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31
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Gilder AL, Chapin HC, Padovano V, Hueschen CL, Rajendran V, Caplan MJ. Newly synthesized polycystin-1 takes different trafficking pathways to the apical and ciliary membranes. Traffic 2018; 19:933-945. [PMID: 30125442 PMCID: PMC6237641 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2) cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. These transmembrane proteins colocalize in the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells, where they may participate in sensory processes. PC1 is also found in the apical membrane when expressed in cultured epithelial cells. PC1 undergoes autocatalytic cleavage, producing an extracellular N-terminal fragment that remains noncovalently attached to the transmembrane C-terminus. Exposing cells to alkaline solutions elutes the N-terminal fragment while the C-terminal fragment is retained in the cell membrane. Utilizing this observation, we developed a "strip-recovery" synchronization protocol to study PC1 trafficking in polarized LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Following alkaline strip, a new cohort of PC1 repopulates the cilia within 30 minutes, while apical delivery of PC1 was not detectable until 3 hours. Brefeldin A (BFA) blocked apical PC1 delivery, while ciliary delivery of PC1 was BFA insensitive. Incubating cells at 20°C to block trafficking out of the trans-Golgi network also inhibits apical but not ciliary delivery. These results suggest that newly synthesized PC1 takes distinct pathways to the ciliary and apical membranes. Ciliary PC1 appears to by-pass BFA sensitive Golgi compartments, while apical delivery of PC1 traverses these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Gilder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hannah C Chapin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Valeria Padovano
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina L Hueschen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vanathy Rajendran
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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32
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Blackburn JB, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, Lupashin VV. More than just sugars: Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex deficiency causes glycosylation-independent cellular defects. Traffic 2018; 19:463-480. [PMID: 29573151 PMCID: PMC5948163 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle trafficking within the Golgi. Human COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG-congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG-CDG). To gain better understanding of COG-CDGs, we compared COG knockout cells with cells deficient to 2 key enzymes, Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE), which contribute to proper N- and O-glycosylation. While all knockout cells share similar defects in glycosylation, these defects only account for a small fraction of observed COG knockout phenotypes. Glycosylation deficiencies were not associated with the fragmented Golgi, abnormal endolysosomes, defective sorting and secretion or delayed retrograde trafficking, indicating that these phenotypes are probably not due to hypoglycosylation, but to other specific interactions or roles of the COG complex. Importantly, these COG deficiency specific phenotypes were also apparent in COG7-CDG patient fibroblasts, proving the human disease relevance of our CRISPR knockout findings. The knowledge gained from this study has important implications, both for understanding the physiological role of COG complex in Golgi homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, and for better understanding human diseases associated with COG/Golgi impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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33
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Smaardijk S, Chen J, Kerselaers S, Voets T, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. Store-independent coupling between the Secretory Pathway Ca 2+ transport ATPase SPCA1 and Orai1 in Golgi stress and Hailey-Hailey disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:855-862. [PMID: 29555205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Secretory Pathway Ca2+ ATPases SPCA1 and SPCA2 transport Ca2+ and Mn2+ into the Golgi and Secretory Pathway. SPCA2 mediates store-independent Ca2+ entry (SICE) via STIM1-independent activation of Orai1, inducing constitutive Ca2+ influx in mammary epithelial cells during lactation. Here, we show that like SPCA2, also the overexpression of the ubiquitous SPCA1 induces cytosolic Ca2+ influx, which is abolished by Orai1 knockdown and occurs independently of STIM1. This process elevates the Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol and in the non-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, pointing to a functional coupling between Orai1 and SPCA1. In agreement with this, we demonstrate via Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy that Orai1 and SPCA1a co-localize near the plasma membrane. Interestingly, SPCA1 overexpression also induces Golgi swelling, which coincides with translocation of the transcription factor TFE3 to the nucleus, a marker of Golgi stress. The induction of Golgi stress depends on a combination of SPCA1 activity and SICE, suggesting a role for the increased Ca2+ level in the non-ER stores. Finally, we tested whether impaired SPCA1a/Orai1 coupling may be implicated in the skin disorder Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), which is caused by SPCA1 loss-of-function. We identified HHD-associated SPCA1a mutations that impair either the Ca2+ transport function, Orai1 activation, or both, while all mutations affect the Ca2+ content of the non-ER stores. Thus, the functional coupling between SPCA1 and Orai1 increases cytosolic and intraluminal Ca2+ levels, representing a novel mechanism of SICE that may be affected in HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Smaardijk
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jialin Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Kerselaers
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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34
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Makaraci P, Kim K. trans-Golgi network-bound cargo traffic. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:137-149. [PMID: 29398202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo following the retrograde trafficking are sorted at endosomes to be targeted the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a central receiving organelle. Though molecular requirements and their interaction networks have been somewhat established, the complete understanding of the intricate nature of their action mechanisms in every step of the retrograde traffic pathway remains unachieved. This review focuses on elucidating known functions of key regulators, including scission factors at the endosome and tethering/fusion mediators at the receiving dock, TGN, as well as a diverse range of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Makaraci
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, USA.
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35
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Chen Y, Gershlick DC, Park SY, Bonifacino JS. Segregation in the Golgi complex precedes export of endolysosomal proteins in distinct transport carriers. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4141-4151. [PMID: 28978644 PMCID: PMC5716290 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201707172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic sorting of newly synthesized transmembrane cargos to endosomes and lysosomes is thought to occur at the TGN through recognition of sorting signals in the cytosolic tails of the cargos by adaptor proteins, leading to cargo packaging into coated vesicles destined for the endolysosomal system. Here we present evidence for a different mechanism in which two sets of endolysosomal proteins undergo early segregation to distinct domains of the Golgi complex by virtue of the proteins' luminal and transmembrane domains. Proteins in one Golgi domain exit into predominantly vesicular carriers by interaction of sorting signals with adaptor proteins, but proteins in the other domain exit into predominantly tubular carriers shared with plasma membrane proteins, independently of signal-adaptor interactions. These findings demonstrate that sorting of endolysosomal proteins begins at an earlier stage and involves mechanisms that partly differ from those described by classical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sang Yoon Park
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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36
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Scholz J, Suppmann S. A new single-step protocol for rapid baculovirus-driven protein production in insect cells. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 29145860 PMCID: PMC5689143 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last three decades, the Baculovirus expression vector system (BEV) has evolved to one of the most widely used eukaryotic systems for heterologous protein expression including approved vaccines and therapies. Despite the significant improvements introduced during the past years, the BEV system still has major drawbacks, primarily the time required to generate recombinant virus and virus instability for certain target proteins. In this study we show that the conventional method to generate recombinant Baculovirus using a Tn7 transposition based system can be shortened to a single-step transfection-only procedure without further amplification. Methods In a first step we have adapted a recently published protocol that replaces the standard liposome-based transfection procedure of adherent insect cells by transfecting insect cells in suspension with a preformed DNA-PEI complex generating P0 virus. We have then expressed and purified six different target proteins, among them four intracellular and two secreted proteins, by infecting insect cells either with P0 or P1 virus. Results We demonstrate that transfection in suspension is as efficient as the standard protocol, but in addition allows generation of high amounts of P0 virus early in the process. To test if this P0 virus generated by bacmid transfection can be used directly for protein expression in either the screening or production process, we compared P0 versus amplified P1 virus-mediated protein expression. We show that protein expression levels, purity and yield of the purified proteins are equally high for P0 and P1. Conclusion The standard protocol for generating recombinant baculovirus comprises transfection of the bacmid followed by one or two subsequent virus amplification steps. In this study we show that Baculovirus generated by transfection-only is equally efficient in driving protein expression. This reduces the time from bacmid DNA to protein to eight days and reduces the risk of virus decay. In contrast to transient gene expression protocols, the required amount of DNA is minimal: 100 µg bacmid DNA is sufficient for a production scale of 10 L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scholz
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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37
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Blank B, von Blume J. Cab45-Unraveling key features of a novel secretory cargo sorter at the trans-Golgi network. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:383-390. [PMID: 28372832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and efficient delivery of proteins to specific domains of the plasma membrane or to the extracellular space is critical for the ordered function of surface receptors and proteins such as insulin, collagens, antibodies, extracellular proteases. The trans-Golgi network is responsible for sorting proteins onto specific carriers for transport to their final destination. The role of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor in the sorting of hydrolases destined for lysosomes has been studied extensively, but the sorting mechanisms for secreted proteins remains poorly understood. We recently described a novel process that links the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton to the membrane-anchored Ca2+ ATPase SPCA1 and the lumenal Ca2+-binding protein Cab45, which mediates sorting of a subset of secretory proteins at the TGN. In response to Ca2+ influx, Cab45 forms oligomers, enabling it to bind a variety of specific cargo molecules. Thus, we suggest that this represents a novel way to export cargo molecules without the need for a bona fide transmembrane cargo receptor. This review focuses on Cab45's molecular function and highlights its possible role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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