1
|
Alvarez-Flores MP, Correia Batista IDF, Villas Boas IM, Bufalo MC, de Souza JG, Oliveira DS, Bonfá G, Fernandes CM, Marques Porto R, Lichtenstein F, Picolo G, Tambourgi DV, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Ibañez OCM, Teixeira C. Snake and arthropod venoms: Search for inflammatory activity in human cells involved in joint diseases. Toxicon 2024; 238:107568. [PMID: 38110040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Most anti-inflammatory drugs currently adopted to treat chronic inflammatory joint diseases can alleviate symptoms but they do not lead to remission. Therefore, new and more efficient drugs are needed to block the course of joint inflammatory diseases. Animal venoms, rich in bioactive compounds, can contribute as valuable tools in this field of research. In this study, we first demonstrate the direct action of venoms on cells that constitute the articular joints. We established a platform consisting of cell-based assays to evaluate the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10) by human chondrocytes, synoviocytes and THP1 macrophages, as well as the release of neuropeptides (substance-P and β-endorphin) by differentiated sensory neuron-like cells, 24 h after stimulation of cells with 21 animal venoms from snake and arthropod species, sourced from different taxonomic families and geographic origins. Results demonstrated that at non-cytotoxic concentrations, the venoms activate at varying degrees the secretion of inflammatory mediators involved in the pathology of articular diseases, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and macrophages and of substance P by neuron-like cells. Venoms of the Viperidae snake family were more inflammatory than those of the Elapidae family, while venoms of Arthropods were less inflammatory than snake venoms. Notably, some venoms also induced the release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 by macrophages. However, the scorpion Buthus occitanus venom induced the release of IL-10 without increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Since the cell types used in the experiments are crucial elements in joint inflammatory processes, the results of this work may guide future research on the activation of receptors and inflammatory signaling pathways by selected venoms in these particular cells, aiming at discovering new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isadora Maria Villas Boas
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuliano Bonfá
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Fernandes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marques Porto
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olga Célia Martinez Ibañez
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vale N, Pereira M, Mendes RA. Systemic Inflammatory Disorders, Immunosuppressive Treatment and Increase Risk of Head and Neck Cancers-A Narrative Review of Potential Physiopathological and Biological Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:2192. [PMID: 37681925 PMCID: PMC10487135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are known to present multiple factors likely to influence their development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the interplay between systemic inflammatory disorders, immunosuppressive treatments and their synergistic effect on HNC risk. Both cell-mediated and humoral-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders involve dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation and these inflammatory conditions have been associated with an increased risk of HNC development, primarily in the head and neck region. Likewise, the interaction between systemic inflammatory disorders and immunosuppressive treatments appears to amplify the risk of HNC development, as chronic inflammation fosters a tumor-promoting microenvironment, while immunosuppressive therapies further compromise immune surveillance and anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the emerging field of immunotherapy provides potential avenues for managing HNCs associated with systemic inflammatory disorders, but further research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in this specific context. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pereira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao L, Zhang Y, Duan H, Yang T, Zhou Y, Ma B, Chen Y, Qi H. Clinical Characteristics and Tear Film Biomarkers in Patients With Chronic Dry Eye Disease After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Laser in Situ Keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 2023; 39:556-563. [PMID: 37578178 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20230717-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate clinical characteristics and tear film biomarkers of patients with chronic dry eye disease (DED) following femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). METHODS Patients were divided into the chronic DED after FS-LASIK (n = 36), DED without FS-LASIK (n = 39), and normal control (without FS-LASIK; n = 34) groups. Dry eye, pain, and psychological-related symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory Modified for the Eye (NPSI-Eye), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) questionnaires. Ocular surface parameters, tear cytokines, and neuropeptide concentrations were evaluated with specific tests. RESULTS The DED after FS-LASIK group showed higher corneal fluorescein staining scores, but lower OSDI and NPSI-Eye scores than the DED without FS-LASIK group (all P < .05). Corneal sensitivity and nerve density decreased in the DED after FS-LASIK group (all P < .01). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), oxytocin, and substance P levels were highest in the DED after FS-LASIK group, followed by the DED without FS-LASIK and normal control groups (all P < .05). Interferon-γ and neurotensin levels were only significantly higher in the DED after FS-LASIK group (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic DED after FS-LASIK showed milder ocular symptoms, greater epithelial damage, and higher levels of tear inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides than patients with DED without FS-LASIK, indicating that the nervous and immune systems may play significant roles in FS-LASIK-related chronic DED development. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(8):556-563.].
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmidt T, Dahlberg A, Berthold E, Król P, Arve-Butler S, Rydén E, Najibi SM, Mossberg A, Bengtsson AA, Kahn F, Månsson B, Kahn R. Synovial monocytes contribute to chronic inflammation in childhood-onset arthritis via IL-6/STAT signalling and cell-cell interactions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190018. [PMID: 37283752 PMCID: PMC10239926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monocytes are key effector cells in inflammatory processes. We and others have previously shown that synovial monocytes in childhood-onset arthritis are activated. However, very little is known about how they contribute to disease and attain their pathological features. Therefore, we set out to investigate the functional alterations of synovial monocytes in childhood-onset arthritis, how they acquire this phenotype, and whether these mechanisms could be used to tailorize treatment. Methods The function of synovial monocytes was analysed by assays believed to reflect key pathological events, such as T-cell activation-, efferocytosis- and cytokine production assays using flow cytometry in untreated oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oJIA) patients (n=33). The effect of synovial fluid on healthy monocytes was investigated through mass spectrometry and functional assays. To characterize pathways induced by synovial fluid, we utilized broad-spectrum phosphorylation assays and flow cytometry, as well as inhibitors to block specific pathways. Additional effects on monocytes were studied through co-cultures with fibroblast-like synoviocytes or migration in transwell systems. Results Synovial monocytes display functional alterations with inflammatory and regulatory features, e.g., increased ability to induce T-cell activation, resistance to cytokine production following activation with LPS and increased efferocytosis. In vitro, synovial fluid from patients induced the regulatory features in healthy monocytes, such as resistance to cytokine production and increased efferocytosis. IL-6/JAK/STAT signalling was identified as the main pathway induced by synovial fluid, which also was responsible for a majority of the induced features. The magnitude of synovial IL-6 driven activation in monocytes was reflected in circulating cytokine levels, reflecting two groups of low vs. high local and systemic inflammation. Remaining features, such as an increased ability to induce T-cell activation and markers of antigen presentation, could be induced by cell-cell interactions, specifically via co-culture with fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Conclusions Synovial monocytes in childhood-onset arthritis are functionally affected and contribute to chronic inflammation, e.g., via promoting adaptive immune responses. These data support a role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of oJIA and highlight a group of patients more likely to benefit from targeting the IL-6/JAK/STAT axis to restore synovial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alma Dahlberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Berthold
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petra Król
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Arve-Butler
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emilia Rydén
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Seyed Morteza Najibi
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anki Mossberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A. Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Månsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang R, Liu J, Wang Z, Wu X, Guo H, Jiao X, Zhang H, Qi C, Li X. Mangiferin exert protective effects on joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats by regulating the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108352. [PMID: 34836794 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangiferin (MF) is a bioactive ingredient predominantly isolated from the mango tree, that has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of MF on the joints of arthritic rats and explore the underlying mechanisms of this function. METHODS Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat model was established and clinical severity of AA was evaluated by arthritis index, paw edema, plasma, and synovium homogenate parameters. The severity of joint destruction was assessed by radiological and histopathological. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect the protein expression of MMP-3, MMP-13 in synovium and cartilage tissues. The vitro effects of MF on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and production of inflammatory mediators in RA- FLSs were determined by the CCK8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that MF treatment significantly alleviated arthritis index, paw swelling and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and synovium. Meanwhile, MF inhibited synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone erosion in AA rats. It also ameliorated the oxidative stress state of arthritic rats via modulating the level of MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, NO. In addition, MF effectively attenuated the destructive behavior of RA-FLSs by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and secretion of inflammatory mediators, and promoting apoptosis. The further mechanistic analysis demonstrated that MF might exert an antiarthritic effect via inhibiting the pathway of MAPKs (ERK2 and p38) and NF-κ B. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated that MF would be a promising anti-arthritic agent candidate for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhehuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiangyue Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Caihong Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kondo N, Kuroda T, Kobayashi D. Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010922. [PMID: 34681582 PMCID: PMC8539723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The pathogenesis of RA involves a complex network of various cytokines and cells that trigger synovial cell proliferation and cause damage to both cartilage and bone. Involvement of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 is central to the pathogenesis of RA, but recent research has revealed that other cytokines such as IL-7, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, and IL-2 also play a role. Clarification of RA pathology has led to the development of therapeutic agents such as biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and further details of the immunological background to RA are emerging. This review covers existing knowledge regarding the roles of cytokines, related immune cells and the immune system in RA, manipulation of which may offer the potential for even safer and more effective treatments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kondo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Health Administration Center, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-262-6244; Fax: +81-25-262-7517
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Jawhari JJ, El-Sherbiny Y, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; From a Leading Role in Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Saviors? Front Immunol 2021; 12:643170. [PMID: 33732263 PMCID: PMC7959804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the autoimmune rheumatological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex with the involvement of several immune cell populations spanning both innate and adaptive immunity including different T-lymphocyte subsets and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Despite therapeutic advances in RA and SLE, some patients have persistent and stubbornly refractory disease. Herein, we discuss stromal cells' dual role, including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) also used to be known as mesenchymal stem cells as potential protagonists in RA and SLE pathology and as potential therapeutic vehicles. Joint MSCs from different niches may exhibit prominent pro-inflammatory effects in experimental RA models directly contributing to cartilage damage. These stromal cells may also be key regulators of the immune system in SLE. Despite these pro-inflammatory roles, MSCs may be immunomodulatory and have potential therapeutic value to modulate immune responses favorably in these autoimmune conditions. In this review, the complex role and interactions between MSCs and the haematopoietically derived immune cells in RA and SLE are discussed. The harnessing of MSC immunomodulatory effects by contact-dependent and independent mechanisms, including MSC secretome and extracellular vesicles, is discussed in relation to RA and SLE considering the stromal immune microenvironment in the diseased joints. Data from translational studies employing MSC infusion therapy against inflammation in other settings are contextualized relative to the rheumatological setting. Although safety and proof of concept studies exist in RA and SLE supporting experimental and laboratory data, robust phase 3 clinical trial data in therapy-resistant RA and SLE is still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Masoumi M, Bashiri H, Khorramdelazad H, Barzaman K, Hashemi N, Sereshki HA, Sahebkar A, Karami J. Destructive Roles of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Chronic Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2020; 44:466-479. [PMID: 33113036 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are important non-immune cells located mostly in the inner layer of the synovium. Indeed, these cells are specialized mesenchymal cells, implicated in collagen homeostasis of the articular joint and provide extracellular matrix (ECM) materials for cartilage and contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. RA FLS interactions with immune and non-immune cells lead to the development and organization of tertiary structures such as ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs), tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of RA FLS cells with immune and non-immune cells leads to stimulation and activation of effector immune cells. Pathological role of RA FLS cells has been reported for many years, while molecular and cellular mechanisms are not completely understood yet. In this review, we tried to summarize the latest findings about the role of FLS cells in ELS formation, joint destruction, interactions with immune and non-immune cells, as well as potential therapeutic options in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Our study revealed data about interactions between RA FLS and immune/non-immune cells as well as the role of RA FLS cells in joint damage, ELS formation, and neoangiogenesis, which provide useful information for developing new approaches for RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bashiri
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hale Abdoli Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Pre-clinical models and clinical trials demonstrate that targeting the action of the cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), can be efficacious in inflammation/autoimmunity reinforcing the importance of understanding how GM-CSF functions; a significant GM-CSF-responding cell in this context is likely to be the monocyte. This article summarizes critically the literature on the downstream cellular pathways regulating GM-CSF interaction with monocytes (and macrophages), highlighting some contentious issues, and conclusions surrounding this biology. It also suggests future directions which could be undertaken so as to more fully understand this aspect of GM-CSF biology. Given the focus of this collection of articles on monocytes, the following discussion in general will be limited to this population or to its more mature progeny, the macrophage, even though GM-CSF biology is broader than this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yoshitomi H. Regulation of Immune Responses and Chronic Inflammation by Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1395. [PMID: 31275325 PMCID: PMC6593115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial tissue is a membranous non-immune organ lining joint cavities where it supports local immune responses, and functions directly and indirectly in joint destruction due to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the dominant non-immune cells of synovial tissues, mainly contribute to joint destruction via multiple mechanisms. In RA, FLS respond to endogenous ligands of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammatory cytokines as non-immune cells. In addition, FLS aid in the activation of immune responses by interacting with immune cells and by supporting ectopic lymphoid-like structure (ELS) formation in synovial tissues. Moreover, FLS directly cause the pathogenicity of RA i.e., joint deformities. Here, we describe new findings and review the mechanisms underlying the regulation of immune reactions by non-immune FLS and their roles in inflammatory diseases such as RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hirota K, Hashimoto M, Ito Y, Matsuura M, Ito H, Tanaka M, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Tanaka A, Yasuda K, Kopf M, Potocnik AJ, Stockinger B, Sakaguchi N, Sakaguchi S. Autoimmune Th17 Cells Induced Synovial Stromal and Innate Lymphoid Cell Secretion of the Cytokine GM-CSF to Initiate and Augment Autoimmune Arthritis. Immunity 2018; 48:1220-1232.e5. [PMID: 29802020 PMCID: PMC6024031 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases, it remains unclear how they control other inflammatory cells in autoimmune tissue damage. Using a model of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis, we showed that arthritogenic Th17 cells stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes via interleukin-17 (IL-17) to secrete the cytokine GM-CSF and also expanded synovial-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in inflamed joints. Activated synovial ILCs, which expressed CD25, IL-33Ra, and TLR9, produced abundant GM-CSF upon stimulation by IL-2, IL-33, or CpG DNA. Loss of GM-CSF production by either ILCs or radio-resistant stromal cells prevented Th17 cell-mediated arthritis. GM-CSF production by Th17 cells augmented chronic inflammation but was dispensable for the initiation of arthritis. We showed that GM-CSF-producing ILCs were present in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, a cellular cascade of autoimmune Th17 cells, ILCs, and stromal cells, via IL-17 and GM-CSF, mediates chronic joint inflammation and can be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hirota
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsuura
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre J Potocnik
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | | | - Noriko Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dohlman TH, Ding J, Dana R, Chauhan SK. T Cell-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Contributes to Dry Eye Disease Pathogenesis by Promoting CD11b+ Myeloid Cell Maturation and Migration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1330-1336. [PMID: 28241321 PMCID: PMC5341624 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Growing evidence suggests that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to T helper 17 (Th17) cell-associated immunoinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of T cell-derived GM-CSF on CD11b+ myeloid cell function in dry eye disease (DED). Methods In a murine model of DED, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure GM-CSF expression at the ocular surface, and flow cytometry was used to enumerate GM-CSF producing Th17 cells. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody was used topically in vivo and in an in vitro culture system to evaluate the role of GM-CSF in recruiting and maturing CD11b+ cells. Clinical disease severity was evaluated after topical administration of GM-CSF neutralizing antibody. Results In dry eye disease, GM-CSF is significantly upregulated at the ocular surface and the frequency of GM-CSF producing Th17 cells is significantly increased in the draining lymph nodes. In vitro neutralization of GM-CSF from CD4+ T cells derived from DED mice suppresses major histocompatibility complex II expression by CD11b+ cells and CD11b+ cell migration. Topical neutralization of GM-CSF in a murine model of DED suppresses CD11b+ maturation and migration, as well as Th17 cell induction, yielding a reduction in clinical signs of disease. Conclusions T helper 17 cell-derived GM-CSF contributes to DED pathogenesis by promoting CD11b+ cell activation and migration to the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Julia Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riccio A, De Caterina M, Natale D, Grimaldi E, Pronesti G, Montagnani S, Postiglione L. Serum Levels of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in a Group of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/039463209600900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we investigate the behaviour of the serum levels of Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in the course of Systemic Sclerosis (SS). This cytokine is produced mainly by T and NK cells, and its possible role in the pathogenesis of SS has not been previously described in the literature. Serum GM-CSF levels were assayed in 10 female patients, ageing from 35 to 70, affected by SS. These patients were not suffering from other disorders and were not being treated with steroids or immunosuppressive drug. A solid phase immunoenzymatic method was used to assess the serum levels of GM-CSF. Reference values were previously determined in a control group of 36 healthy women blood donors (19 premenopausal and 17 postmenopausal) (x̄=20.1 ±12.3 pg/ml). All the patients but one showed significantly increased serum levels of GM-CSF (x̄= 120.9 ±125.5 pg/ml). The highest levels were found in the two oldest patients, who also had the longest clinical history of SS, but a clear correlation with age, disease duration or clinical manifestations was not evident, even if the postmenopausal age group patients showed a higher mean value of GM-CSF (x̄= 148.0±144.1 pg/ml) than that found in the premenopausal age group (x̄= 57.7±1.4 pg/ml) (in contrast with the findings in the control group). The absence of other pathogenic conditions in our patients suggests that the increase in serum levels of GM-CSF might be linked to the fibroblast proliferation which is typical of SS. However, our results do not explain the role played by this factor in the fibroblastic proliferation process and an in vitro study is necessary to clarify this aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Riccio
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Malattie Dismetaboliche, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - M. De Caterina
- Servizio speciale di Ematologia di Laboratorio, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - D. Natale
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Malattie Dismetaboliche, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - E. Grimaldi
- Servizio speciale di Ematologia di Laboratorio, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - G. Pronesti
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Malattie Dismetaboliche, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - S. Montagnani
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| | - L. Postiglione
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Italy, Università “Federico II” - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia - Napoli
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. Biogerontology 2015; 17:359-71. [PMID: 26463212 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages undergo significant functional alterations during aging. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes of rat macrophage functions and response to M1/M2 polarization signals with age. Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. In both resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages aging decreased NO/urea ratio, whereas LPS but not GM-SCF, shifted this ratio toward NO in the macrophages from animals of both ages. Conversely, IL-4 reduced NO/urea ratio in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats only. In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. This age-related deregulation of macrophage inflammatory mediator secretion and phagocytosis in response to M1/M2 activators may lead to the deficient control of infectious and/or inflammatory diseases in advanced age.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pivotal roles of GM-CSF in autoimmunity and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:568543. [PMID: 25838639 PMCID: PMC4370199 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor, which stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages from bone marrow precursor cells. In autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, Th17 cells have been considered as strong inducers of tissue inflammation. However, recent evidence indicates that GM-CSF has prominent proinflammatory functions and that this growth factor (not IL-17) is critical for the pathogenicity of CD4+ T cells. Therefore, the mechanism of GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cell differentiation and the role of GM-CSF in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are gaining increasing attention. This review summarizes the latest knowledge of GM-CSF and its relationship with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The potential therapies targeting GM-CSF as well as their possible side effects have also been addressed in this review.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The vast majority of literature pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) immunomodulation has focussed on bone marrow-derived MSC that are systemically infused to alleviate inflammatory conditions. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the commonest autoimmune joint disease that has witnessed significant therapeutic advances in the past decade, but remains stubbornly difficult to treat in a subset of cases. Pre-clinical research has demonstrated that bone marrow, adipose, synovial and umbilical cord-derived MSC all suppress the functions of different immune cells thus raising the possibility of new therapies for autoimmune diseases including RA. Indeed, preliminary evidence for MSC efficacy has been reported in some cases of RA and systemic lupus erythromatosis. The potential use of bone marrow-MSC (BM-MSC) for RA therapy is emerging but the use of synovial MSC (S-MSC) to suppress the exaggerated immune response within the inflamed joints remains rudimentary. Synovial fibroblasts that are likely derived from S-MSCs, also give rise to a cell-cultured progeny termed fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which are key players in the perpetuation of joint inflammation and destruction. A better understanding of the link between these cells and their biology could be a key to developing novel MSC-based strategies for therapy. The review briefly focuses on BM-MSC and gives particular attention to joint niche synovial MSC and FLS with respect to immunoregulatory potential therapy roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J El-Jawhari
- From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptFrom the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Y M El-Sherbiny
- From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptFrom the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - E A Jones
- From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D McGonagle
- From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital , WTBB, LS9 7TF University of Leeds, UK and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Woetzel D, Huber R, Kupfer P, Pohlers D, Pfaff M, Driesch D, Häupl T, Koczan D, Stiehl P, Guthke R, Kinne RW. Identification of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients by transcriptome-based rule set generation. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R84. [PMID: 24690414 PMCID: PMC4060460 DOI: 10.1186/ar4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from patients with other inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases or healthy individuals purely on the basis of genes differentially expressed in high-throughput data has proven very difficult. Thus, the present study sought to achieve such discrimination by employing a novel unbiased approach using rule-based classifiers. METHODS Three multi-center genome-wide transcriptomic data sets (Affymetrix HG-U133 A/B) from a total of 79 individuals, including 20 healthy controls (control group - CG), as well as 26 osteoarthritis (OA) and 33 RA patients, were used to infer rule-based classifiers to discriminate the disease groups. The rules were ranked with respect to Kiendl's statistical relevance index, and the resulting rule set was optimized by pruning. The rule sets were inferred separately from data of one of three centers and applied to the two remaining centers for validation. All rules from the optimized rule sets of all centers were used to analyze their biological relevance applying the software Pathway Studio. RESULTS The optimized rule sets for the three centers contained a total of 29, 20, and 8 rules (including 10, 8, and 4 rules for 'RA'), respectively. The mean sensitivity for the prediction of RA based on six center-to-center tests was 96% (range 90% to 100%), that for OA 86% (range 40% to 100%). The mean specificity for RA prediction was 94% (range 80% to 100%), that for OA 96% (range 83.3% to 100%). The average overall accuracy of the three different rule-based classifiers was 91% (range 80% to 100%). Unbiased analyses by Pathway Studio of the gene sets obtained by discrimination of RA from OA and CG with rule-based classifiers resulted in the identification of the pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant interferon-gamma and GM-CSF pathways. CONCLUSION First-time application of rule-based classifiers for the discrimination of RA resulted in high performance, with means for all assessment parameters close to or higher than 90%. In addition, this unbiased, new approach resulted in the identification not only of pathways known to be critical to RA, but also of novel molecules such as serine/threonine kinase 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Woetzel
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rene Huber
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Kupfer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Pohlers
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Present address: Center of Diagnostics GmbH, Chemnitz Hospital, Flemmingstr. 2, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Pfaff
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Driesch
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Stiehl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pierson E, Simmons SB, Castelli L, Goverman JM. Mechanisms regulating regional localization of inflammation during CNS autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2012; 248:205-15. [PMID: 22725963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammatory, demyelinating lesions localized in the brain and spinal cord. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS that is induced by activating myelin-specific T cells and exhibits immune cell infiltrates in the CNS similar to those seen in MS. Both MS and EAE exhibit disease heterogeneity, reflecting variations in clinical course and localization of lesions within the CNS. Collectively, the differences seen in MS and EAE suggest that the brain and spinal cord function as unique microenvironments that respond differently to infiltrating immune cells. This review addresses the roles of the cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-17 in determining the localization of inflammation to the brain or spinal cord in EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pierson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant unmet medical need despite significant therapeutic advances. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and includes many cell types, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial intimal lining also play a key role by producing cytokines that perpetuate inflammation and proteases that contribute to cartilage destruction. Rheumatoid FLS develop a unique aggressive phenotype that increases invasiveness into the extracellular matrix and further exacerbates joint damage. Recent advances in understanding the biology of FLS, including their regulation regulate innate immune responses and activation of intracellular signaling mechanisms that control their behavior, provide novel insights into disease mechanisms. New agents that target FLS could potentially complement the current therapies without major deleterious effect on adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Bartok
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wicks IP, Leizer T, Wawryk SO, Novotny JR, Hamilton J, Vitti G, Boyd AW. The Effect of Cytokines on the Expression of Mhc Antigens and Icam-1 by Normal and Transformed Synoviocytes. Autoimmunity 2009; 12:13-9. [PMID: 1352152 DOI: 10.3109/08916939209146125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the expression on synovial cells of cell surface molecules known to be involved in T cell activation by antigen presenting cells. Normal human synovial fibroblasts and a human synovial cell line transformed with the SV40 large T antigen were used for in vitro stimulation studies with recombinant cytokines. We demonstrate an increase in MHC-A, B, C expression in normal synovial cells in response to recombinant interferon gamma (r gamma IFN), tumour necrosis factor alpha and beta (rTNF alpha and beta) and interleukin-1 (rIL-1 alpha). Intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) expression was increased in parallel with MHC Class I. The combination of r gamma IFN and rTNF alpha was additive in its effect on ICAM-1 expression. Northern blot analysis suggests that ICAM-1 expression in synovial cells is controlled at the level of transcription. In contrast, MHC Class II (HLA-DR) was only significantly induced by r gamma IFN. Other stimuli including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) did not affect the expression of ICAM-1 or MHC Class I and II. Leucocyte function antigen 3 (LFA-3) expression was not affected by any of the stimuli tested. Immunoperoxidase staining of rheumatoid synovial tissue confirmed enhanced in vivo expression of ICAM-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. These changes are discussed in the context of T cell activation in inflammatory arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Wicks
- Lions Laboratory, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hamilton JA, Tak PP. The dynamics of macrophage lineage populations in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1210-21. [PMID: 19404968 DOI: 10.1002/art.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ha JE, Choi YE, Jang J, Yoon CH, Kim HY, Bae YS. FLIP and MAPK play crucial roles in the MLN51-mediated hyperproliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. FEBS J 2008; 275:3546-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovium represents the predominant site of inflammation and joint destruction and is regarded as the key organ involved in disease pathogenesis. It has been studied in different ways over the last 30 yr, yielding information about the mechanisms involved in disease and remains the tool most proximal to understanding the pathogenesis of RA. This chapter outlines how both histological and in vitro studies of dissociated tissue played key roles in the development of biological anti-TNF-alpha therapy and provides detailed protocols used routinely in the laboratory to facilitate studies of RA synovium and its composite cell populations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hueber W, Tomooka BH, Zhao X, Kidd BA, Drijfhout JW, Fries JF, van Venrooij WJ, Metzger AL, Genovese MC, Robinson WH. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins in early rheumatoid arthritis: anti-citrulline autoreactivity is associated with up regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 66:712-9. [PMID: 16901957 PMCID: PMC1954670 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.054924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify peripheral blood autoantibody and cytokine profiles that characterise clinically relevant subgroups of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis using arthritis antigen microarrays and a multiplex cytokine assay. METHODS Serum samples from 56 patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis of <6 months' duration were tested. Cytokine profiles were also determined in samples from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 21), and from healthy individuals (n = 19). Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's adjustment for multiple comparisons, linear correlation tests, significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and hierarchical clustering software. RESULTS Distinct antibody profiles were associated with subgroups of patients who exhibited high serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)1beta, IL6, IL13, IL15 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Significantly increased autoantibody reactivity against citrullinated epitopes was observed in patients within the cytokine "high" subgroup. Increased levels of TNFalpha, IL1alpha, IL12p40 and IL13, and the chemokines eotaxin/CCL11, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon-inducible protein 10, were present in early rheumatoid arthritis as compared with controls (p<0.001). Chemokines showed some of the most impressive differences. Only IL8/CXCL8 concentrations were higher in patients with PsA/ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Increased blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with autoantibody targeting of citrullinated antigens and surrogate markers of disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Proteomic analysis of serum autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines enables stratification of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis into molecular subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hueber
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Palo Alto VA Health Care System, MC 154R, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Harada T, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Nakajima M, Yadomae T, Ohno N. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) regulates cytokine induction by 1,3-beta-D-glucan SCG in DBA/2 mice in vitro. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2005; 24:478-89. [PMID: 15320961 DOI: 10.1089/1079990041689656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparassis crispa Fr. is an edible/medicinal mushroom that recently became cultivable in Japan. SCG is a major 6-branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan in S. crispa showing antitumor activity. We recently found that the splenocytes from naive DBA/1 and DBA/2 mice strongly react with SCG to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In this study, cytokines induced by SCG were screened and found to be IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-12 (IL-12p70). The addition of recombinant murine GM-CSF (rMuGM-CSF) to spleen cell cultures from various strains of mice synergistically enhanced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12p70 in the presence of SCG. In contrast, neutralizing GM-CSF using anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly inhibited IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12p70 elicited by SCG. We conclude that GM-CSF is a key molecule for cytokine induction by beta-glucan, and GM-CSF induction by SCG is the specific step in DBA/2 mice in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Harada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cook AD, Braine EL, Hamilton JA. Stimulus-Dependent Requirement for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4643-51. [PMID: 15383599 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.7.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data from several inflammation/autoimmunity models indicate that GM-CSF can be a key inflammatory mediator. Convenient models in readily accessible tissues are needed to enable the GM-CSF-dependent cellular responses to be elaborated. In this study, we show that, in contrast to the response to the commonly used i.p. irritant, thioglycolate medium, an Ag-specific methylated BSA-induced peritonitis in GM-CSF(-/-) mice was severely compromised. The reduced response in the latter peritonitis model was characterized by fewer neutrophils and macrophages, as well as by deficiencies in the properties of the remaining macrophages, namely size and granularity, phagocytosis, allogeneic T cell triggering, and proinflammatory cytokine production. B1 lymphocytes were more evident in the GM-CSF(-/-) Ag-specific exudates, indicating perhaps that GM-CSF can act on a common macrophage-B1 lymphocyte precursor in the inflamed peritoneum. We propose that these findings contribute to our understanding of how GM-CSF acts as a proinflammatory cytokine in many chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Of general significance, the findings also indicate that the nature of the stimulus is quite critical in determining whether a particular inflammatory mediator, such as GM-CSF, plays a role in an ensuing inflammatory reaction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ascitic Fluid/genetics
- Ascitic Fluid/immunology
- Ascitic Fluid/pathology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Epitopes/administration & dosage
- Epitopes/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/deficiency
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Immunophenotyping
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Integrins/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peritonitis/genetics
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Peritonitis/pathology
- Phagocytosis/genetics
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/administration & dosage
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Thioglycolates/administration & dosage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Cook
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Cooperative Research Centre for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Williams RO, Woody JN, Maini RN. The transfer of a laboratory based hypothesis to a clinically useful therapy: the development of anti-TNF therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2004; 18:59-80. [PMID: 15123038 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of anti-TNF therapy is a key step forward in rheumatology as it is the first new therapy for based on investigating the molecular mechanisms of this disease. This chapter reviews how this discovery was made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dumas C, Muyombwe A, Roy G, Matte C, Ouellette M, Olivier M, Papadopoulou B. Recombinant Leishmania major secreting biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor survives poorly in macrophages in vitro and delays disease development in mice. Infect Immun 2003; 71:6499-509. [PMID: 14573672 PMCID: PMC219543 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.11.6499-6509.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is an intracellular pathogen that replicates inside macrophages. Activated macrophages produce a specific subset of cytokines that play an important role in the control of Leishmania infections. As part of our interest in developing suicide parasites that produce abortive infections for the purposes of vaccination, we engineered recombinant Leishmania major strains producing biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We showed that GM-CSF is being produced in the phagosomes of infected macrophages and that it can be detected in the culture supernatants of both infected macrophages and extracellular parasites. Our data support the notion that GM-CSF secreted by both developmental forms of recombinant L. major can activate macrophages to produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-18 and various chemokines including RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1alpha/CCL3, MIP-1beta/CCL4, MIP-2/CXCL2, and MCP-1/CCL2, which enhance parasite killing. Indeed, GM-CSF-expressing parasites survive poorly in macrophages in vitro and produce delayed lesion development in susceptible BALB/c mice in vivo. Selective killing of intracellular Leishmania expressing cytokine genes capable of activating cellular responses may constitute a promising strategy to control and/or prevent parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Dumas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multi-system disease of unknown aetiology. The current hypothesis is that an unknown antigen triggers an autoimmune response in a genetically susceptible individual. The predominant pathological change is that of an inflammatory synovitis, characterised by cellular infiltrates and angiogenesis, with subsequent bone and cartilage destruction. These pathological changes are as a result of the activation of a variety of cells, inflammatory mediators, and effector molecules. The pro-inflammatory kinins and cytokines appear to play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Sufficient evidence exists that establishes a key role for the kallikrein-kinin cascade in inflamed joints. In addition, there appears to be an inter-relationship between cytokines and kinins in the inflammatory process. Kinins induce the release of cytokines, and cytokines have been shown to augment the effects of kinins. This may lead to an enhancement and perpetuation of the inflammatory process. In this review, we report a first study, correlating markers of disease with the kallikrein-kinin cascade and with cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilkish Cassim
- Department of Rheumatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella 4013, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Firestein GS, Zvaifler NJ. How important are T cells in chronic rheumatoid synovitis?: II. T cell-independent mechanisms from beginning to end. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:298-308. [PMID: 11840432 DOI: 10.1002/art.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sakai M, Tsuda H, Tanebe K, Sasaki Y, Saito S. Interleukin-12 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is decreased in normal pregnant subjects and increased in preeclamptic patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 47:91-7. [PMID: 11900593 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.1o020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM It has been reported that T-helper (Th) 2 dominance in normal pregnancy shifts to Th1 dominance in preeclampsia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) production of interleukin (IL)-12, which induce Th1 responses, has not been compared between these clinical states. METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood mononuclear cell from 35 non-pregnant women, 35 healthy pregnant women, 12 mildly preeclamptic patients, and 15 severely preeclamptic patients were cultured for 24 hr. IL-12 secretion was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Th1/Th2 ratios in PBMC were determined flow-cytometrically, and the amounts of HLA-DR and CD14 expression on the monocytes were obtained by flow cytometry. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell from healthy pregnant subjects secreted less IL-12 than non-pregnant women. PBMC from severely preeclamptic patients secreted more IL-12 than those from healthy pregnant subjects, while IL-12 secretion in mild preeclampsia resembled secretion in normal pregnancy. Th1/Th2 ratios correlated were positively with IL-12. Increased HLA-DR antigens and reduced CD14 expression, suggesting monocyte activation, were observed in preeclamptic patients, although monocyte counts were unchanged. CONCLUSION Decreased IL-12 secretion by PBMC may cause Th2 dominance in normal pregnancy, while increased IL-12 secretion by activated monocytes may cause Th1 dominance in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
McQualter JL, Darwiche R, Ewing C, Onuki M, Kay TW, Hamilton JA, Reid HH, Bernard CC. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a new putative therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2001; 194:873-82. [PMID: 11581310 PMCID: PMC2193476 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.7.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, can be induced by immunization with a number of myelin antigens. In particular, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a central nervous system (CNS)-specific antigen expressed on the myelin surface, is able to induce a paralytic MS-like disease with extensive CNS inflammation and demyelination in several strains of animals. Although not well understood, the egress of immune cells into the CNS in EAE is governed by a complex interplay between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The hematopoietic growth factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is considered to play a central role in maintaining chronic inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the previously unexplored role of GM-CSF in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. GM-CSF(-/)- mice are resistant to EAE, display decreased antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes, and fail to sustain immune cell infiltrates in the CNS, thus revealing key activities for GM-CSF in the development of inflammatory demyelinating lesions and control of migration and/or proliferation of leukocytes within the CNS. These results hold implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases and may provide the basis for more effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and more specifically for multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. McQualter
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rima Darwiche
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Christine Ewing
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Manabu Onuki
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Kay
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - John A. Hamilton
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Hugh H. Reid
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Claude C.A. Bernard
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zimmermann T, Kunisch E, Pfeiffer R, Hirth A, Stahl HD, Sack U, Laube A, Liesaus E, Roth A, Palombo-Kinne E, Emmrich F, Kinne RW. Isolation and characterization of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts from primary culture--primary culture cells markedly differ from fourth-passage cells. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2001; 3:72-6. [PMID: 11178129 PMCID: PMC17827 DOI: 10.1186/ar142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2000] [Revised: 10/10/2000] [Accepted: 10/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To reduce culture artifacts by conventional repeated passaging and long-term culture in vitro, the isolation of synovial fibroblasts (SFB) was attempted from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membranes by trypsin/collagenase digest, short-term in vitro adherence (7 days), and negative isolation using magnetobead-coupled anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies. This method yielded highly enriched SFB (85% prolyl-4-hydroxylase+/74% Thy-1/CD90+ cells; <2% contaminating macrophages; <1% leukocytes/endothelial cells) that, in comparison with conventional fourth-passage RA-SFB, showed a markedly different phenotype and significantly lower proliferation rates upon stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor and IL-1beta. This isolation method is simple and reliable, and may yield cells with features closer to the in vivo configuration of RA-SFB by avoiding extended in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zimmermann
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Pfeiffer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Hirth
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Detlev Stahl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Laube
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eckehard Liesaus
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Roth
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Frank Emmrich
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wynn AA, Miyakawa K, Miyata E, Dranoff G, Takeya M, Takahashi K. Role of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in zymocel-induced hepatic granuloma formation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:131-45. [PMID: 11141486 PMCID: PMC1850246 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2000] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To examine the role of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in inflammatory granuloma formation, we injected GM-CSF-deficient (GM-CSF(-/-)) mice and wild-type (GM-CSF(+/+)) mice intravenously with 2 mg of zymocel, and mice were killed at various intervals for examination. In GM-CSF(-/-) mice, we demonstrated a marked delay of zymocel-induced hepatic granuloma formation until 5 days after zymocel injection with a rapid reduction in numbers of granulomas at 10 days until their disappearance. In the early phase of granuloma formation, monocyte infiltration and differentiation of monocytes into macrophages were impaired in GM-CSF(-/-) mice compared with GM-CSF(+/+) mice. The percentages of [(3)H]thymidine-labeled macrophages at 2 days after zymocel injection were lower in the GM-CSF(-/-) mice than in the GM-CSF(+/+) mice. The DNA nick-end-labeling method demonstrated increased numbers of apoptotic cells in and around hepatic granulomas of GM-CSF(-/-) mice from 8 days after zymocel injection, and electron microscopy detected apoptotic bodies. Granuloma macrophage digestion of glucan particles and activation of macrophages were similar in the two types of mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated expression of GM-CSF mRNA in the endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and some granuloma cells in the GM-CSF(+/+) mice but not in the GM-CSF(-/-) mice. These results provide evidence that GM-CSF is important for the influx of monocytes into hepatic granulomas, for differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, and for proliferation and survival of macrophages within hepatic granulomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Wynn
- Second Department of Pathology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cook AD, Braine EL, Campbell IK, Rich MJ, Hamilton JA. Blockade of collagen-induced arthritis post-onset by antibody to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): requirement for GM-CSF in the effector phase of disease. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2001; 3:293-8. [PMID: 11549370 PMCID: PMC64841 DOI: 10.1186/ar318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2000] [Revised: 05/04/2001] [Accepted: 05/11/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence for a role of the growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in inflammatory disease, including arthritis. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with a neutralizing mAb to GM-CSF. DBA/1 mice were immunized for the development of CIA and treated at different times, and with different doses, with neutralizing mAb to GM-CSF or isotype control mAb. Anti-GM-CSF mAb treatment prior to the onset of arthritis, at the time of antigen challenge, was effective at ameliorating the ensuing disease. Modulation of arthritis was seen predominantly as a reduction in overall disease severity, both in terms of the number of limbs affected per mouse and the clinical score of affected limbs. Importantly, anti-GM-CSF mAb treatment ameliorated existing disease, seen both as a reduction in the number of initially affected limbs progressing and lower numbers of additional limbs becoming affected. By histology, both inflammation and cartilage destruction were reduced in anti-GM-CSF-treated mice, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-a and IL-1beta were also reduced in joint tissue washouts of these mice. Neither humoral nor cellular immunity to type II collagen, however, was affected by anti-GM-CSF mAb treatment. These results suggest that the major effect of GM-CSF in CIA is on mediating the effector phase of the inflammatory reaction to type II collagen. The results also highlight the essential role of GM-CSF in the ongoing development of inflammation and arthritis in CIA, with possible therapeutic implications for rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ankle Joint/drug effects
- Ankle Joint/metabolism
- Ankle Joint/pathology
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Collagen/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Hindlimb/drug effects
- Hindlimb/pathology
- Immunization
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Local Lymph Node Assay
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Cook
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang YH, Hamilton JA. Dependence of interleukin-1-induced arthritis on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:111-9. [PMID: 11212148 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200101)44:1<111::aid-anr15>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage CSF (M-CSF or CSF-1) are involved in the methylated bovine serum albumin/interleukin-1 (mBSA/IL-1)-induced arthritis model. METHODS Following systemic injection, IL-1 has been shown to augment a weak inflammatory response to mBSA in murine joints and to induce an acute erosive arthritis. GM-CSF and M-CSF have been implicated in inflammatory reactions, including those in joints, and have recently been shown to exacerbate murine arthritis. Since in vitro studies have found that IL-1 can enhance GM-CSF and M-CSF production, we reasoned that they might be playing a part in IL-1-mediated arthritis. GM-CSF-deficient (GM-CSF-/-) and M-CSF-deficient (op/op) mice were injected intraarticularly with mBSA and subcutaneously with IL-1. Arthritis was monitored histologically on day 7. Normal mice were also treated intraperitoneally with blocking monoclonal antibodies to GM-CSF and M-CSF, and to the M-CSF receptor. Numbers of macrophages (Mac-2 and F4/80 staining) were monitored, as was the number of cycling (bromodeoxyuridine-positive) cells. RESULTS GM-CSF-/- mice and normal mice treated with anti-GM-CSF antibody did not show IL-1-induced arthritis progression. There was a dramatic reduction in synovial cellularity, including reduced numbers of macrophages and cycling cells. The op/op mice did not develop mBSA/IL-1-induced disease, but blocking antibody to M-CSF or to the M-CSF receptor failed to diminish disease in normal mice. CONCLUSION GM-CSF is involved in the IL-1-induced arthritis that follows mBSA injection; M-CSF involvement in the model is also suggested, since op/op mice did not develop arthritis. These studies provide the first in vivo evidence for a role of GM-CSF, and possibly M-CSF, in the proinflammatory actions of IL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yang
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Singal DP, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang G. NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2000; 55:44-7. [PMID: 10703607 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with HLA-DR genes that share amino acid sequence motif QKRAA/QRRAA from position 70 to 74 in the third hypervariable region of DR1 molecule. The contribution of HLA in RA is however about 37%, suggesting a role for other genes. One such candidate is the gene that encodes natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1), which plays a crucial role in inflammation and tissue destruction. In the present study, we examined the role of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to RA. The results show that variation at position 543 in exon 15, which involves substitution of negatively charged aspartic acid (D) by uncharged asparagine (N), and the deletion of TGTG in the 3' UTR may confer protection from development of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Singal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caulfield JJ, Fernandez MH, Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Lee TH, Hawrylowicz CM. Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on human alveolar macrophages by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the presence of glucocorticoids. Immunology 1999; 98:104-10. [PMID: 10469240 PMCID: PMC2326900 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) present antigen poorly to CD4+ T cells and respond weakly to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and costimulatory molecule expression. In atopic asthma, however, AM exhibit enhanced antigen-presenting cell (APC) activity. Since granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is increased in the airways of asthmatic patients, we have investigated its role in modulating the APC function of AM. The effects of glucocorticoids were also studied since earlier studies showed optimal induction of MHC antigens on monocytes by GM-CSF in their presence. GM-CSF in the presence, but not the absence, of dexamethasone enhanced the expression of HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens by AM. However AM and monocytes differed in the optimal concentration of steroid required to mediate this effect (10-10 m and 10-7 m, respectively). Induction of MHC antigens was glucocorticoid specific and independent of IFN-gamma. These studies suggest the existence of an IFN-gamma-independent pathway of macrophage activation, which may be important in regulating APC function within the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Caulfield
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College London at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang YM, Xiao BG, Ozenci V, Kouwenhoven M, Teleshova N, Fredrikson S, Link H. Multiple sclerosis is associated with high levels of circulating dendritic cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 99:82-90. [PMID: 10496180 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence emphasises a pivotal role for dendritic cells (DC) in the control of immunity by priming and tolerising T cells. DC capture and process antigens, express co-stimulatory molecules, migrate to lymphoid organs and secrete cytokines to initiate immune responses. In multiple sclerosis (MS), autoreactive T cells are proposed to play a pathogenic role by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, but studies on DC are lacking. To evaluate the involvement of DC in patients with MS, a modified procedure was used to prepare DC from blood of patients with MS and healthy subjects. DC were found to be potent stimulators of T cells in allogeneic and, to a lesser extent, in autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays were adopted to determine levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 secreting DC vs. mononuclear cells (MNC). Proportionally more DC than MNC secreted IFN-gamma and IL-10 in both MS and healthy subjects. Patients with MS had higher levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 secreting DC than healthy subjects. The differences for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secreting cells were confined to the subgroup of untreated MS patients and not observed in the subgroup examined during ongoing treatment with IFN-beta. Circulating DC secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent another focus for the study of both immuno-pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Huang
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aarvak T, Chabaud M, Miossec P, Natvig JB. IL-17 Is Produced by Some Proinflammatory Th1/Th0 Cells But Not by Th2 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-17 is defined as a proinflammatory cytokine and produced by activated CD4+ T cells. In rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue, high levels of IL-17 contribute to IL-6 production by synoviocytes. The present study was performed to see whether Th cells that produce IL-17 are associated with the Th1, Th2, or Th0 subset. Thirty-three CD4+, αβ+ T cell clones were developed from synovial membranes and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirteen clones were defined as Th1 since they produced IFN-γ but not IL-4, and four clones were defined as Th0 type that produced both IL-4 and IFN-γ. Sixteen clones were defined as Th2 since they produced high levels of IL-4 and/or IL-10 but not IFN-γ. IL-17 was measured in a bioassay, where IL-6 production from synoviocytes was a measurement for IL-17 activity in the presence and absence of blocking anti-IL-17 mAb. Three Th1 clones and two Th0 clones produced IL-17. In contrast, none of the sixteen Th2 clones analyzed produced IL-17. In addition, six Th2 clones were further cultured in conditions that induced a switch to Th1 type. Induction of this Th1 phenotype also led to production of IL-17 in two of these clones. The results demonstrate that some cells of the Th1/Th0 phenotype produce IL-17 but not cells of the Th2 phenotype. Thus, IL-17 may define a new subset of T cells, and IL-17 production appears to be a mechanism for Th1/Th0 cells, the most frequent Th subtype present in the rheumatoid synovium, to contribute to the local inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Aarvak
- *Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology Research, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Martine Chabaud
- †Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edourd Herriot and Immunovirology Laboratory UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5537, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- †Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edourd Herriot and Immunovirology Laboratory UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5537, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob B. Natvig
- *Institute of Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology Research, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tsuji F, Miyake Y, Aono H, Kawashima Y, Mita S. Effects of bucillamine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on cytokine production and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 115:26-31. [PMID: 9933417 PMCID: PMC1905176 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of bucillamine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on cytokine production and CIA. Bucillamine and NAC inhibited NF-kappaB activation and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1, and cytokine production from monocyte cell lines at concentrations >10-3 M. They also inhibited cytokine production and CIA in mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg. These results suggest that NF-kappaB inhibitors such as bucillamine and NAC may inhibit cytokine-related diseases, including arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Tsuji
- Discovery Research Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Thomas R. Antigen-presenting cells in rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 20:53-72. [PMID: 9836369 DOI: 10.1007/bf00831999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas
- Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brennan FM, Maini RN, Feldmann M. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 20:133-47. [PMID: 9836373 DOI: 10.1007/bf00832003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well known to be a chronic autoimmune/inflammatory disease which leads to progressive joint damage and destruction. Less well known is the fact that in severe cases of RA, with extra-articular manifestations and multiple joint involvement, there is also a significant reduction in life expectancy [28]. Hence the need for new therapeutic agents. With the cloning of cDNAs encoding cytokines in the early to mid 1980s, it became possible to use new assays to evaluate cytokine expression in the local site of autoimmunity, the rheumatoid synovium. There were two goals. First would understanding cytokine expression help us understand the pathogenesis of RA? Secondly, would it be possible to learn enough about the cytokine network to establish possible therapeutic targets? While a complete understanding of either of these questions remains elusive, here we review the state of knowledge in early 1998, which shows that much progress has been made and that these goals have been partly reached. The clinical benefits of this knowledge are documented elsewhere in this compilation, as is the role of chemokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cytokines involved in neovascularisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Brennan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Campbell IK, Rich MJ, Bischof RJ, Dunn AR, Grail D, Hamilton JA. Protection from Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.7.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The involvement of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined using GM-CSF-deficient mice. Although CIA is generally considered to be restricted to mice of the H-2q or H-2r haplotypes, we examined the role of GM-CSF in the CIA model using GM-CSF-deficient (−/−) and wild-type (+/+) mice on a C57BL/6 (H-2b) background. Mice were immunized by intradermal injection at the base of the tail with chick type II collagen followed by a repeat injection 21 days later. We found, based on both clinical and histologic assessments, that wild-type mice on this background developed severe CIA, while the GM-CSF-deficient mice had virtually no disease. Mice that were heterozygous for the GM-CSF gene (+/−) collectively displayed an intermediate response between those of the GM-CSF+/+ and GM-CSF−/− groups, suggesting a gene dosage effect. GM-CSF+/+ and GM-CSF+/− mice exhibited CIA responses ranging from mild (single digits) to severe swelling of all four paws, while in the few GM-CSF−/− mice that developed CIA the disease was confined to single digits. Despite the putative role of GM-CSF in dendritic cell development, GM-CSF-deficient mice exhibited both humoral and cellular (delayed-type hypersensitivity) responses to type II collagen; however, the cellular response was significantly reduced in the GM-CSF-deficient mice compared with the wild-type controls. These findings suggest that GM-CSF is required for CIA development in mice and support the idea that GM-CSF is a key cytokine in inflammatory joint disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Campbell
- *Department of Medicine, Inflammation Research Center, University of Melbourne, and
| | - Melissa J. Rich
- *Department of Medicine, Inflammation Research Center, University of Melbourne, and
| | - Robert J. Bischof
- *Department of Medicine, Inflammation Research Center, University of Melbourne, and
| | - Ashley R. Dunn
- †The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianne Grail
- †The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A. Hamilton
- *Department of Medicine, Inflammation Research Center, University of Melbourne, and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jontell M, Okiji T, Dahlgren U, Bergenholtz G. Immune defense mechanisms of the dental pulp. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1998; 9:179-200. [PMID: 9603235 DOI: 10.1177/10454411980090020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Defense reactions of the dentin/pulp complex involve a variety of biological systems, in which the immune system plays a pivotal role. The knowledge of the organization and function of pulpal immunocompetent cells has been sparse, but in recent years a significant body of information of immune mechanisms in general has provided a footing for substantial new knowledge of the immune mechanisms of the dental pulp. The identification of pulpal dendritic cells (DCs) has generated research activities which have led to a concept of how an antigenic challenge may evoke a pulpal inflammatory response. Although DCs are not able to identify foreign antigens specifically, they provide necessary signals to activate T-lymphocytes which in turn will orchestrate other immunocompetent cells to mount the local immune defense of the dental pulp. The purpose of this review is to accent the organization and function of pulpal DCs and other tissue and cellular components and to provide a basis for how they may interact to instigate pulpal defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jontell
- Department of Endodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Szekanecz Z, Koch AE, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM. Cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Potential targets for pharmacological intervention. Drugs Aging 1998; 12:377-90. [PMID: 9606615 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-199812050-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ingress of inflammatory leucocytes into the synovium is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cytokines are mediators involved in the inflammatory events, adhesive mechanisms, angiogenesis and osteopenia associated with RA. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and chemokines all have an important role in these processes. Because the efficacy of currently used antirheumatic therapy is often limited, there is a need for more specific intervention strategies. Anticytokine therapy may include the use of monoclonal antibodies, antagonistic cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, cytokine receptor antagonists, somatic gene transfer or other approaches. Hopefully, the study of cytokines and their interactions will lead to the development of new immunomodulatory strategies that will benefit patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Szekanecz
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shiffman ML, Hofmann CM, Luketic VA, Sanyal AJ. Use of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1998; 28:382-9. [PMID: 9551674 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We have evaluated the effect of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when utilized either alone or in combination with interferon for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS A total of 71 patients with chronic HCV, elevated alanine aminotransferase and normal hepatic function were enrolled into these studies. Nineteen patients who had previously failed to achieve both biochemical and virologic response during interferon therapy were treated with increasing doses of GM-CSF alone (65-250 microg/m2 three times weekly) for 6 months. Another 52 patients who had not been previously treated with interferon entered a randomized controlled trial; 25 were treated with interferon alone (3 mU three times weekly) and 27 with a combination of interferon+GM-CSF (3 mU+250 microg/m2 three times weekly). All patients were treated for 6 months. Both groups were well matched for age, sex, race, serum alanine aminotransferase, HCV-RNA titer, liver histology score and cirrhosis. RESULTS None of the patients treated with GM-CSF alone developed either biochemical or virologic response at any of the treatment dosages and mean HCV-RNA titer remained unchanged from baseline during this therapy. For patients in the randomized controlled trial, biochemical and virologic responses were observed in 54% of interferon-treated patients compared to 31.8% for those treated with interferon+GM-CSF. Long-term sustained virologic response was observed in only one patient in each group. No significant differences were observed in HCV-RNA titer during the course of treatment. GM-CSF treatment was associated with a significant increase in total white blood cell count and absolute eosinophil count, which peaked within the first month of therapy and declined spontaneously during the remaining 5 months. CONCLUSION GM-CSF either alone or in combination with interferon does not appear to be effective for treatment of chronic HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Shiffman
- Hepatology Section, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells into the synovium and the destruction of joints. Cytokines are important regulators of the synovial inflammation. Some cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, function by promoting inflammatory responses and by inducing cartilage degradation. Other cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, function mainly as anti-inflammatory molecules. Although anti-inflammatory cytokines are present in rheumatoid joints, in progressive RA their levels obviously are too low to neutralize the deleterious effects of proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibiting the action of proinflammatory cytokines by using specific cytokine inhibitors or anti-inflammatory cytokines is the basis for new therapies currently tested in patients with RA. Promising results on the use of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of RA have been reported. The results from a trial using recombinant IL-10 in the treatment of patients with RA are available in the near future and will be important in determining the therapeutic potential of this cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Isomäki
- Turku Immunology Centre and Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Caulfield JJ, Hawrylowicz CM, Kemeny DM, Lee TH. GM-CSF increases the ability of cultured macrophages to support autologous CD4+ T-cell proliferation in response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and PPD antigen. Immunol Suppl 1997; 92:123-30. [PMID: 9370934 PMCID: PMC1363991 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an infiltration of monocytes and increased levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the asthmatic lung. To study the possible effects of this cytokine upon the differentiation and function of these newly recruited monocytes, we have developed a model in which monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were differentiated into macrophages in serum in the presence or absence of GM-CSF. After 7 days, the macrophages increased in size and granularity, had increased phagocytic activity, and expressed various adhesion molecules, CD14 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. The effects of GM-CSF on antigen presentation by cultured macrophages on the antigen-specific proliferative response of CD4+ T cells to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or purified protein derivative of tuberculin and the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin was determined. CD4+ T-cell proliferation was reduced when either antigen was presented by macrophages cultured in serum alone, compared with the values obtained with freshly isolated monocytes. However, CD4+ cell proliferation was comparable to that observed with monocytes when antigen was presented by macrophages which had been pre-cultured with 50 U/ml GM-CSF. CD4+ T-cell proliferation to phytohaemagglutinin was similar when all three populations were used as accessory cells. High numbers of macrophages partially suppressed CD4+ T-cell proliferation in response to antigen presented by monocytes, but there was no significant difference between macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of GM-CSF. This data suggests that GM-CSF directs monocyte differentiation into macrophages with an antigen-presenting, rather than a suppressive, phenotype. Elevated levels of GM-CSF in the asthmatic lung may therefore maintain recently recruited monocytes in an inflammatory and T-cell activating state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Caulfield
- Department of Allergy & Respiratory Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|