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Garcia-Solorio J, Núñez-Enriquez JC, Jiménez-Olivares M, Flores-Lujano J, Flores-Espino F, Molina-Garay C, Cervera A, Casique-Aguirre D, Peñaloza-Gonzalez JG, Baños-Lara MDR, García-Soto Á, Galván-Díaz CA, Olaya-Vargas A, Aguilar HF, Mata-Rocha M, Garrido-Hernández MÁ, Solís-Poblano JC, Luna-Silva NC, Cano-Cuapio LS, Aristil-Chery PM, Herrera-Quezada F, Carrillo-Sanchez K, Muñoz-Rivas A, Flores-Lagunes LL, Mendoza-Caamal EC, Villegas-Torres BE, González-Osnaya V, Jiménez-Hernández E, Torres-Nava JR, Martín-Trejo JA, Gutiérrez-Rivera MDL, Espinosa-Elizondo RM, Merino-Pasaye LE, Pérez-Saldívar ML, Jiménez-Morales S, Curiel-Quesada E, Rosas-Vargas H, Mejía-Arangure JM, Alaez-Verson C. IKZF1plus is a frequent biomarker of adverse prognosis in Mexican pediatric patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1337954. [PMID: 38634053 PMCID: PMC11022689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1337954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent genetic alterations contributing to leukemogenesis have been identified in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), and some are useful for refining classification, prognosis, and treatment selection. IKZF1plus is a complex biomarker associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by IKZF1 deletion coexisting with PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, or PAR1 region deletions. The mutational spectrum and clinical impact of these alterations have scarcely been explored in Mexican pediatric patients with B-ALL. Here, we report the frequency of the IKZF1plus profile and the mutational spectrum of IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, and ERG genes and evaluate their impact on overall survival (OS) in a group of patients with B-ALL. Methods A total of 206 pediatric patients with de novo B-ALL were included. DNA was obtained from bone marrow samples at diagnosis before treatment initiation. A custom-designed next-generation sequencing panel was used for mutational analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for OS estimation. Results We identified the IKZF1plus profile in 21.8% of patients, which was higher than that previously reported in other studies. A significantly older age (p=0.04), a trend toward high-risk stratification (p=0.06), and a decrease in 5-year Overall Survival (OS) (p=0.009) were observed, although heterogeneous treatment protocols in our cohort would have impacted OS. A mutation frequency higher than that reported was found for IKZF1 (35.9%) and CDKN2A/2B (35.9%) but lower for PAX5 (26.6%). IKZF1MUT group was older at diagnosis (p=0.0002), and most of them were classified as high-risk (73.8%, p=0.02), while patients with CDKN2A/2BMUT had a higher leukocyte count (p=0.01) and a tendency toward a higher percentage of blasts (98.6%, >50% blasts, p=0.05) than the non-mutated patients. A decrease in OS was found in IKZF1MUT and CDKN2A/2BMUT patients, but the significance was lost after IKZF1plus was removed. Discussion Our findings demonstrated that Mexican patients with B-ALL have a higher prevalence of genetic markers associated with poor outcomes. Incorporating genomic methodologies into the diagnostic process, a significant unmet need in low- and mid-income countries, will allow a comprehensive identification of relevant alterations, improving disease classification, treatment selection, and the general outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Garcia-Solorio
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Núñez-Enriquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Jiménez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Flores-Lujano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Flores-Espino
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Molina-Garay
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cervera
- Subdirección de Genómica Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Citómica del Cáncer Infantil, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ma. Del Rocío Baños-Lara
- Centro de Investigación Oncológica Una Nueva Esperanza, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ángel García-Soto
- Hospital General Centro Médico La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alberto Olaya-Vargas
- Departamento de Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilario Flores Aguilar
- Departamento de Inmunogenetica, Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (InDRE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Minerva Mata-Rocha
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Solís-Poblano
- Servicio de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro (IMSS) Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Manuel Ávila Camacho, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nuria Citlalli Luna-Silva
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital de la Niñez Oaxaqueña "Dr. Guillermo Zárate Mijangos", Secretaria de Salud y Servicios de Salud Oaxaca (SSO), Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Pierre Mitchel Aristil-Chery
- Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores al Servicio de los Poderes del Estado (ISSSTE) de Puebla, Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigació, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fernando Herrera-Quezada
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karol Carrillo-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anallely Muñoz-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Vincent González-Osnaya
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elva Jiménez-Hernández
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Pediátrico Moctezuma, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México (SSCDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Refugio Torres-Nava
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Pediátrico Moctezuma, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México (SSCDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfonso Martín-Trejo
- Servicio de Hematología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Gutiérrez-Rivera
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Elizabeth Merino-Pasaye
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad Social al Servicio de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Saldívar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Precisión, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haydeé Rosas-Vargas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mejía-Arangure
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Alaez-Verson
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genómico, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang W, Lopez McDonald MC, Hariprasad R, Hamilton T, Frank DA. Oncogenic STAT Transcription Factors as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Innovative Strategies and Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 38611065 PMCID: PMC11011165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of molecular aspects of oncogenesis, cancer remains a leading cause of death. The malignant behavior of a cancer cell is driven by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. In particular, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, are frequently activated inappropriately in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Multiple signaling pathways converge on the STATs, highlighting their importance in the development and progression of oncogenic diseases. STAT3 and STAT5 are two members of the STAT protein family that are the most frequently activated in cancers and can drive cancer pathogenesis directly. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations in the last decade, although effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in normal physiology and cancer biology, discuss the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators, and offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to identify STAT inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Melanie Cristina Lopez McDonald
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Tiara Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
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Akin-Bali DF, Doganay Erdogan B, Aslar Oner D, Mahmud A, Tasdelen S, Kurekci E, Akar N, Ozdag Sevgili H. Genetic Profiling of Pediatric Patients with B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:288-300. [PMID: 38162155 PMCID: PMC10756719 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a heterogeneous leukemia subgroup. It has multiple sub-types that are likely to be classified by prognostic factors. Following a systematic literature review, this study analyzed the genes correlated with BCP-ALL prognosis ( IKZF1, PAX5, EBF1, CREBBP, CRLF2, JAK2, ERG, CXCR4, ZAP70, VLA4, NF1, NR3C1, RB1, TSLP, ZNRF1, and FOXO3A) , specifically their nucleotide variations and expression profiles in pediatric BCP-ALL samples. The study included 45 pediatric BCP-ALL patients with no cytogenetic anomaly and a control group of 10 children. The selected genes' hot-spot regions were sequenced using next-generation sequencing, while Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program were used to identify pathogenic mutations. The expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mutation analysis detected 328 variants (28 insertions, 47 indels, 74 nucleotide variants, 75 duplications, and 104 deletions). The most and least frequently mutated genes were IKZF1 and CREBBP , respectively. There were statistically significant differences between patients and controls for mutation distribution in eight genes ( ERG, CRLF2, CREBBP, TSLP, JAK2, ZAP70, FOXO3A, and NR3C1 ). The expression analysis revealed that JAK and ERG were significantly overexpressed in patients compared with controls (respectively, p = 0.004 and p = 0.003). This study combined genes and pathways previously analyzed in pediatric BCP-ALL into one dataset for a comprehensive analysis from the same samples to unravel candidate prognostic biomarkers. Novel mutations were identified in all of the studied genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Fatma Akin-Bali
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Beyza Doganay Erdogan
- Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Aslar Oner
- Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Akkan Mahmud
- LÖSANTE Children's and Adult Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Emin Kurekci
- LÖSANTE Children's and Adult Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akar
- Department of Pediatrics, TOBB-ETU Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Casado-García A, Isidro-Hernández M, Alemán-Arteaga S, Ruiz-Corzo B, Riesco S, Prieto-Matos P, Sánchez L, Sánchez-García I, Vicente-Dueñas C. Lessons from mouse models in the impact of risk factors on the genesis of childhood B-cell leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285743. [PMID: 37901253 PMCID: PMC10602728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) stands as the primary contributor to childhood cancer-related mortality on a global scale. The development of the most conventional forms of this disease has been proposed to be conducted by two different steps influenced by different types of risk factors. The first step is led by a genetic insult that is presumably acquired before birth that transforms a healthy cell into a preleukemic one, which is maintained untransformed until the second step takes place. This necessary next step to leukemia development will be triggered by different risk factors to which children are exposed after birth. Murine models that recap the stepwise progression of B-ALL have been instrumental in identifying environmental and genetic factors that contribute to disease risk. Recent evidence from these models has demonstrated that specific environmental risk factors, such as common infections or gut microbiome dysbiosis, induce immune stress, driving the transformation of preleukemic cells, and harboring genetic alterations, into fully transformed leukemic cells. Such models serve as valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying preleukemic events and can aid in the development of preventive approaches for leukemia in child. Here, we discuss the existing knowledge, learned from mouse models, of the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on childhood B-ALL evolution and how B-ALL prevention could be reached by interfering with preleukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Casado-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Isidro-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemán-Arteaga
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Ruiz-Corzo
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Riesco
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Sánchez
- School of Law, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Khanolkar A, Liu G, Simpson Schneider BM. Defining the Basal and Immunomodulatory Mediator-Induced Phosphoprotein Signature in Pediatric B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Diagnostic Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13937. [PMID: 37762241 PMCID: PMC10531382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is theorized that dysregulated immune responses to infectious insults contribute to the development of pediatric B-ALL. In this context, our understanding of the immunomodulatory-mediator-induced signaling responses of leukemic blasts in pediatric B-ALL diagnostic samples is rather limited. Hence, in this study, we defined the signaling landscape of leukemic blasts, as well as normal mature B cells and T cells residing in diagnostic samples from 63 pediatric B-ALL patients. These samples were interrogated with a range of immunomodulatory-mediators within 24 h of collection, and phosflow analyses of downstream proximal signaling nodes were performed. Our data reveal evidence of basal hyperphosphorylation across a broad swath of these signaling nodes in leukemic blasts in contrast to normal mature B cells and T cells in the same sample. We also detected similarities in the phosphoprotein signature between blasts and mature B cells in response to IFNγ and IL-2 treatment, but significant divergence in the phosphoprotein signature was observed between blasts and mature B cells in response to IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-21 and CD40 ligand treatment. Our results demonstrate the existence of both symmetry and asymmetry in the phosphoprotein signature between leukemic and non-leukemic cells in pediatric B-ALL diagnostic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaruni Khanolkar
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guorong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Sigvardsson M. Transcription factor networks link B-lymphocyte development and malignant transformation in leukemia. Genes Dev 2023; 37:703-723. [PMID: 37673459 PMCID: PMC10546977 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349879.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genomics have opened unprecedented possibilities to explore the mutational landscapes in malignant diseases, such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This disease is manifested as a severe defect in the production of normal blood cells due to the uncontrolled expansion of transformed B-lymphocyte progenitors in the bone marrow. Even though classical genetics identified translocations of transcription factor-coding genes in B-ALL, the extent of the targeting of regulatory networks in malignant transformation was not evident until the emergence of large-scale genomic analyses. There is now evidence that many B-ALL cases present with mutations in genes that encode transcription factors with critical roles in normal B-lymphocyte development. These include PAX5, IKZF1, EBF1, and TCF3, all of which are targeted by translocations or, more commonly, partial inactivation in cases of B-ALL. Even though there is support for the notion that germline polymorphisms in the PAX5 and IKZF1 genes predispose for B-ALL, the majority of leukemias present with somatic mutations in transcription factor-encoding genes. These genetic aberrations are often found in combination with mutations in genes that encode components of the pre-B-cell receptor or the IL-7/TSLP signaling pathways, all of which are important for early B-cell development. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the molecular interplay that occurs between transcription factors and signaling events during normal and malignant B-lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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9
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Electrochemical Biosensors in the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010146. [PMID: 36612142 PMCID: PMC9817807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, morphological assessment with an optical or electronic microscope, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA sequencing, flow cytometry, polymerase chain reactions, and immunohistochemistry have been employed for leukemia identification. Nevertheless, despite their numerous different vantages, it is difficult to recognize leukemic cells correctly. Recently, the electrochemical evaluation with a nano-sensing interface seems an attractive alternative. Electrochemical biosensors measure the modification in the electrical characteristics of the nano-sensing interface, which is modified by the contact between a biological recognition element and the analyte objective. The implementation of nanosensors is founded not on single nanomaterials but rather on compilating these components efficiently. Biosensors able to identify the molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid are defined as DNA biosensors. Our review aimed to evaluate the literature on the possible use of electrochemical biosensors for identifying hematological neoplasms such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. In particular, we focus our attention on using DNA electrochemical biosensors to evaluate leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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10
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Nuclear corepressors NCOR1/NCOR2 regulate B cell development, maintain genomic integrity and prevent transformation. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1763-1776. [PMID: 36316474 PMCID: PMC9772092 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear corepressors NCOR1 and NCOR2 interact with transcription factors involved in B cell development and potentially link these factors to alterations in chromatin structure and gene expression. Herein, we demonstrate that Ncor1/2 deletion limits B cell differentiation via impaired recombination, attenuates pre-BCR signaling and enhances STAT5-dependent transcription. Furthermore, NCOR1/2-deficient B cells exhibited derepression of EZH2-repressed gene modules, including the p53 pathway. These alterations resulted in aberrant Rag1 and Rag2 expression and accessibility. Whole-genome sequencing of Ncor1/2 DKO B cells identified increased number of structural variants with cryptic recombination signal sequences. Finally, deletion of Ncor1 alleles in mice facilitated leukemic transformation, whereas human leukemias with less NCOR1 correlated with worse survival. NCOR1/2 mutations in human leukemia correlated with increased RAG expression and number of structural variants. These studies illuminate how the corepressors NCOR1/2 regulate B cell differentiation and provide insights into how NCOR1/2 mutations may promote B cell transformation.
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11
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Wray JP, Deltcheva EM, Boiers C, Richardson SЕ, Chhetri JB, Brown J, Gagrica S, Guo Y, Illendula A, Martens JHA, Stunnenberg HG, Bushweller JH, Nimmo R, Enver T. Regulome analysis in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia exposes Core Binding Factor addiction as a therapeutic vulnerability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7124. [PMID: 36411286 PMCID: PMC9678885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETV6-RUNX1 onco-fusion arises in utero, initiating a clinically silent pre-leukemic state associated with the development of pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We characterize the ETV6-RUNX1 regulome by integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing and show that ETV6-RUNX1 functions primarily through competition for RUNX1 binding sites and transcriptional repression. In pre-leukemia, this results in ETV6-RUNX1 antagonization of cell cycle regulation by RUNX1 as evidenced by mass cytometry analysis of B-lineage cells derived from ETV6-RUNX1 knock-in human pluripotent stem cells. In frank leukemia, knockdown of RUNX1 or its co-factor CBFβ results in cell death suggesting sustained requirement for RUNX1 activity which is recapitulated by chemical perturbation using an allosteric CBFβ-inhibitor. Strikingly, we show that RUNX1 addiction extends to other genetic subtypes of pediatric B-ALL and also adult disease. Importantly, inhibition of RUNX1 activity spares normal hematopoiesis. Our results suggest that chemical intervention in the RUNX1 program may provide a therapeutic opportunity in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Wray
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elitza M Deltcheva
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Charlotta Boiers
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Е Richardson
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | | | - John Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sladjana Gagrica
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rachael Nimmo
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd, Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford, OX4 6LT, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Li H, Pu J, Wang S, Yu R. Fluorescence biosensing of the leukemia gene by combining Target-Programmed controllable signal inspiring engineering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121579. [PMID: 35803107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis urgently requires ultrasensitive, accurate and rapid monitoring of low-abundance biomarkers. A biosensing strategy capable of detecting target genes at the femtomolar scale was designed in this work. In the biosensing strategy, the target can induce the specially designed hairpin probe H1 to self-fold and form a 3' blunt-ended structure. When there are the hybrid double-stranded P1-T1, ligase, polymerase and nickase, the target gene was recycled, and at the same time the system produces a lot of T1 and T2. T1 and T2 can simultaneously trigger HCR, causing the modified fluorophore FAM on the DNA strand to move away from the quencher group BHQ. The amplified fluorescent signal can be captured by a fluorescence instrument. It is exciting for us that three signal amplifications are involved to achieve femtomolar detection of target genes, namely target recycling, dual-triggered HCR of T1 and T2, and HCR. In addition, it still has good detection ability in actual samples simulated by serum. We expect that the sensing strategy proposed in this paper offers great potential for biomarker detection of leukemia for early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiamei Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Suqin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Ruqin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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13
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Jia Z, Gu Z. PAX5 alterations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023606. [PMID: 36387144 PMCID: PMC9640836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5, a master regulator of B cell development and maintenance, is one of the most common targets of genetic alterations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). PAX5 alterations consist of copy number variations (whole gene, partial, or intragenic), translocations, and point mutations, with distinct distribution across B-ALL subtypes. The multifaceted functional impacts such as haploinsufficiency and gain-of-function of PAX5 depending on specific variants have been described, thereby the connection between the blockage of B cell development and the malignant transformation of normal B cells has been established. In this review, we provide the recent advances in understanding the function of PAX5 in orchestrating the development of both normal and malignant B cells over the past decade, with a focus on the PAX5 alterations shown as the initiating or driver events in B-ALL. Recent large-scale genomic analyses of B-ALL have identified multiple novel subtypes driven by PAX5 genetic lesions, such as the one defined by a distinct gene expression profile and PAX5 P80R mutation, which is an exemplar leukemia entity driven by a missense mutation. Although altered PAX5 is shared as a driver in B-ALL, disparate disease phenotypes and clinical outcomes among the patients indicate further heterogeneity of the underlying mechanisms and disturbed gene regulation networks along the disease development. In-depth mechanistic studies in human B-ALL and animal models have demonstrated high penetrance of PAX5 variants alone or concomitant with other genetic lesions in driving B-cell malignancy, indicating the altered PAX5 and deregulated genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in certain B-ALL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Jia
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Gu,
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14
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The Pleiotropy of PAX5 Gene Products and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710095. [PMID: 36077495 PMCID: PMC9456430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5, a member of the Paired Box (PAX) transcription factor family, is an essential factor for B-lineage identity during lymphoid differentiation. Mechanistically, PAX5 controls gene expression profiles, which are pivotal to cellular processes such as viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Given its crucial function in B-cell development, PAX5 aberrant expression also correlates with hallmark cancer processes leading to hematological and other types of cancer lesions. Despite the well-established association of PAX5 in the development, maintenance, and progression of cancer disease, the use of PAX5 as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target has yet to be implemented. This may be partly due to the assortment of PAX5 expressed products, which layers the complexity of their function and role in various regulatory networks and biological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the reported data describing PAX5 products, their regulation, and function in cellular processes, cellular biology, and neoplasm.
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15
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Childhood B-Cell Preleukemia Mouse Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147562. [PMID: 35886910 PMCID: PMC9317949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is the most usual childhood cancer, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is its most common presentation. It has been proposed that pediatric leukemogenesis occurs through a “multi-step” or “multi-hit” mechanism that includes both in utero and postnatal steps. Many childhood leukemia-initiating events, such as chromosomal translocations, originate in utero, and studies so far suggest that these “first-hits” occur at a far higher frequency than the incidence of childhood leukemia itself. The reason why only a small percentage of the children born with such preleukemic “hits” will develop full-blown leukemia is still a mystery. In order to better understand childhood leukemia, mouse modeling is essential, but only if the multistage process of leukemia can be recapitulated in the model. Therefore, mouse models naturally reproducing the “multi-step” process of childhood B-ALL will be essential to identify environmental or other factors that are directly linked to increased risk of disease.
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16
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Tachibana H, Daino K, Ishikawa A, Morioka T, Shang Y, Ogawa M, Matsuura A, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. Genomic profile of radiation-induced early-onset mouse B-cell lymphoma recapitulates features of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia in humans. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:693-703. [PMID: 35395675 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed a radiation-related increase in the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our recent study revealed early induction and increased risk of precursor B-cell (pB) lymphomas in mice after radiation exposure. However, the genomic landscape of radiation-induced B-cell lymphomas remains unclear. To identify the relevant genetic alterations in mice, whole-exome sequencing was performed on both early-onset and late-onset B-cell lymphomas that developed spontaneously or after gamma-irradiation. In addition to multiple driver mutations, the data revealed that interstitial deletion of chromosome 4, including Pax5, and missense mutations in Jak3 are unique genomic alterations in radiation-induced, early-onset B-cell lymphomas. RNA sequencing revealed a pB-cell-type gene-expression profile with no involvement of known fusion genes for human ALLs in the early-onset B-cell lymphomas. Activation of Jak3/Stat5 signaling in early-onset B-cell lymphomas was validated using western capillary electrophoresis. Those features were similar to those of Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL. Our data suggest a critical role for Pax5 loss-of-function mutations in initiating B-cell leukemogenesis coupled with activation of Jak3/Stat5 signaling as a basis for the rapid development of radiation-induced pB-ALL. These molecular signatures for radiation-induced cancers will inform both risk assessment and potential targeted therapies for pB-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tachibana
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University; Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
| | - Yi Shang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University; Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan.,Chief director, Institute for Environmental Sciences; Aomori, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST); Chiba, Japan
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Casado-García A, Isidro-Hernández M, Oak N, Mayado A, Mann-Ran C, Raboso-Gallego J, Alemán-Arteaga S, Buhles A, Sterker D, Sánchez EG, Martínez-Cano J, Blanco O, Orfao A, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Riesco S, Prieto-Matos P, González-Murillo Á, García Criado FJ, García Cenador MB, Radimerski T, Ramírez-Orellana M, Cobaleda C, Yang JJ, Vicente-Dueñas C, Weiss A, Nichols KE, Sánchez-García I. Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1098-1109. [PMID: 35131871 PMCID: PMC9359729 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing development of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a disease with devastating effects, is a longstanding and unsolved challenge. Heterozygous germline alterations in the PAX5 gene can lead to B-ALL upon accumulation of secondary mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that this malignant transformation occurs only under immune stress such as exposure to infectious pathogens. Here we show in Pax5+/- mice that transient, early-life administration of clinically relevant doses of ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, significantly mitigates the risk of B-ALL following exposure to infection; 1 of 29 animals treated with ruxolitinib developed B-ALL versus 8 of 34 untreated mice. Ruxolitinib treatment preferentially targeted Pax5+/- versus wild-type B-cell progenitors and exerted unique effects on the Pax5+/- B-cell progenitor transcriptional program. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL development. SIGNIFICANCE JAK/STAT inhibition suppresses tumorigenesis in a B-ALL-susceptible mouse model, presenting a novel approach to prevent B-ALL onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Casado-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Isidro-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christine Mann-Ran
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Raboso-Gallego
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemán-Arteaga
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Sterker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena G. Sánchez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cano
- Immune system development and function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanco
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Riesco
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
| | - África González-Murillo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García Criado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Begoña García Cenador
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Immune system development and function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
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18
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Jurado S, Fedl AS, Jaritz M, Kostanova‐Poliakova D, Malin SG, Mullighan CG, Strehl S, Fischer M, Busslinger M. The PAX5‐JAK2 translocation acts as dual‐hit mutation that promotes aggressive B‐cell leukemia via nuclear STAT5 activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108397. [PMID: 35156727 PMCID: PMC8982625 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While PAX5 is an important tumor suppressor gene in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), it is also involved in oncogenic translocations coding for diverse PAX5 fusion proteins. PAX5‐JAK2 encodes a protein consisting of the PAX5 DNA‐binding region fused to the constitutively active JAK2 kinase domain. Here, we studied the oncogenic function of the PAX5‐JAK2 fusion protein in a mouse model expressing it from the endogenous Pax5 locus, resulting in inactivation of one of the two Pax5 alleles. Pax5Jak2/+ mice rapidly developed an aggressive B‐ALL in the absence of another cooperating exogenous gene mutation. The DNA‐binding function and kinase activity of Pax5‐Jak2 as well as IL‐7 signaling contributed to leukemia development. Interestingly, all Pax5Jak2/+ tumors lost the remaining wild‐type Pax5 allele, allowing efficient DNA‐binding of Pax5‐Jak2. While we could not find evidence for a nuclear role of Pax5‐Jak2 as an epigenetic regulator, high levels of active phosphorylated STAT5 and increased expression of STAT5 target genes were seen in Pax5Jak2/+ B‐ALL tumors, implying that nuclear Pax5‐Jak2 phosphorylates STAT5. Together, these data reveal Pax5‐Jak2 as an important nuclear driver of leukemogenesis by maintaining phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jurado
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Anna S Fedl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | | | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Strehl
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI) Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
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19
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Almeida ARM, Neto JL, Cachucho A, Euzébio M, Meng X, Kim R, Fernandes MB, Raposo B, Oliveira ML, Ribeiro D, Fragoso R, Zenatti PP, Soares T, de Matos MR, Corrêa JR, Duque M, Roberts KG, Gu Z, Qu C, Pereira C, Pyne S, Pyne NJ, Barreto VM, Bernard-Pierrot I, Clappier E, Mullighan CG, Grosso AR, Yunes JA, Barata JT. Interleukin-7 receptor α mutational activation can initiate precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7268. [PMID: 34907175 PMCID: PMC8671594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 receptor α (encoded by IL7R) is essential for lymphoid development. Whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-related IL7R gain-of-function mutations can trigger leukemogenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that lymphoid-restricted mutant IL7R, expressed at physiological levels in conditional knock-in mice, establishes a pre-leukemic stage in which B-cell precursors display self-renewal ability, initiating leukemia resembling PAX5 P80R or Ph-like human B-ALL. Full transformation associates with transcriptional upregulation of oncogenes such as Myc or Bcl2, downregulation of tumor suppressors such as Ikzf1 or Arid2, and major IL-7R signaling upregulation (involving JAK/STAT5 and PI3K/mTOR), required for leukemia cell viability. Accordingly, maximal signaling drives full penetrance and early leukemia onset in homozygous IL7R mutant animals. Notably, we identify 2 transcriptional subgroups in mouse and human Ph-like ALL, and show that dactolisib and sphingosine-kinase inhibitors are potential treatment avenues for IL-7R-related cases. Our model, a resource to explore the pathophysiology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of B-ALL, demonstrates that IL7R can initiate this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso R. M. Almeida
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João L. Neto
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cachucho
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mayara Euzébio
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal ,grid.456556.1Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Rathana Kim
- grid.413328.f0000 0001 2300 6614Hematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, and Saint-Louis Research Institute, Université de Paris, INSERM U944/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7212, Paris, France
| | - Marta B. Fernandes
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Raposo
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana L. Oliveira
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Ribeiro
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tiago Soares
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R. de Matos
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Mafalda Duque
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kathryn G. Roberts
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN US
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN US
| | - Chunxu Qu
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN US
| | - Clara Pereira
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan Pyne
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Nigel J. Pyne
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Vasco M. Barreto
- grid.10772.330000000121511713DNA Breaks Laboratory, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emannuelle Clappier
- grid.413328.f0000 0001 2300 6614Hematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, and Saint-Louis Research Institute, Université de Paris, INSERM U944/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7212, Paris, France
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- grid.240871.80000 0001 0224 711XDepartment of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN US
| | - Ana R. Grosso
- grid.10772.330000000121511713UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - João T. Barata
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Wang L, Liang X, Liang M, Li D, Gu J, Huang W, Zhou J. PAX5 haploinsufficiency induces low T cell infiltration in the cancer microenvironment via reduced chemokines. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:826-834. [PMID: 34872475 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211206094046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of PAXT mutations on tumor immunity. BACKGROUND Loss of function of PAX5 plays a key role in PAX5 mutation tumor. OBJECTIVE PAX5 haploinsufficiency promoting tumorigenesis is related to immune escape, but there was no report about mechanisms of PAX5 mutation inducing tumor immunological escape. METHOD We constructed the PAX5 haplodeletion A20 cell lines using gene-editing technology, built allografted A20 tumor models and evaluated the effect of PAX5 haplodeletion on T cells and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULT Our results from different methods indicated percentages of CD3+ CD4+ T cells and CD3+ CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion clones decreased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. Several chemokines, such as Ccl2, Ccl4, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, in TME of PAX5. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced low T cell infiltration in TME using decreased chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Mi Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Dang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei. China
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21
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Single-cell analysis identifies dynamic gene expression networks that govern B cell development and transformation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6843. [PMID: 34824268 PMCID: PMC8617197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of external signals and B-lymphoid transcription factor activities organise B cell lineage commitment through alternating cycles of proliferation and differentiation, producing a diverse repertoire of mature B cells. We use single-cell transcriptomics/proteomics to identify differentially expressed gene networks across B cell development and correlate these networks with subtypes of B cell leukemia. Here we show unique transcriptional signatures that refine the pre-B cell expansion stages into pre-BCR-dependent and pre-BCR-independent proliferative phases. These changes correlate with reciprocal changes in expression of the transcription factor EBF1 and the RNA binding protein YBX3, that are defining features of the pre-BCR-dependent stage. Using pseudotime analysis, we further characterize the expression kinetics of different biological modalities across B cell development, including transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their associated receptors. Our findings demonstrate the underlying heterogeneity of developing B cells and characterise developmental nodes linked to B cell transformation.
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22
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Torres-Montaner A. The telomere complex and the origin of the cancer stem cell. Biomark Res 2021; 9:81. [PMID: 34736527 PMCID: PMC8567692 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisite regulation of telomere length is essential for the preservation of the lifetime function and self-renewal of stem cells. However, multiple oncogenic pathways converge on induction of telomere attrition or telomerase overexpression and these events can by themselves trigger malignant transformation. Activation of NFκB, the outcome of telomere complex damage, is present in leukemia stem cells but absent in normal stem cells and can activate DOT1L which has been linked to MLL-fusion leukemias. Tumors that arise from cells of early and late developmental stages appear to follow two different oncogenic routes in which the role of telomere and telomerase signaling might be differentially involved. In contrast, direct malignant transformation of stem cells appears to be extremely rare. This suggests an inherent resistance of stem cells to cancer transformation which could be linked to a stem cell’specific mechanism of telomere maintenance. However, tumor protection of normal stem cells could also be conferred by cell extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Rom Valley Way, London, Romford, RM7 OAG, UK. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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23
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Fregona V, Bayet M, Gerby B. Oncogene-Induced Reprogramming in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Towards Targeted Therapy of Leukemia-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215511. [PMID: 34771671 PMCID: PMC8582707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a diversity of genetic alterations, following a sophisticated and controversial organization. In this review, we present and discuss the concepts exploring the cellular, molecular and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells. We also review the emerging evidence indicating that cell plasticity and oncogene-induced reprogramming should be considered at the biological and clinical levels as critical mechanisms for identifying and targeting leukemia-initiating cells. Abstract Our understanding of the hierarchical structure of acute leukemia has yet to be fully translated into therapeutic approaches. Indeed, chemotherapy still has to take into account the possibility that leukemia-initiating cells may have a distinct chemosensitivity profile compared to the bulk of the tumor, and therefore are spared by the current treatment, causing the relapse of the disease. Therefore, the identification of the cell-of-origin of leukemia remains a longstanding question and an exciting challenge in cancer research of the last few decades. With a particular focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we present in this review the previous and current concepts exploring the phenotypic, genetic and functional heterogeneity in patients. We also discuss the benefits of using engineered mouse models to explore the early steps of leukemia development and to identify the biological mechanisms driving the emergence of leukemia-initiating cells. Finally, we describe the major prospects for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies that specifically target their aberrant stem cell-like functions.
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24
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Identification of mutations that cooperate with defects in B cell transcription factors to initiate leukemia. Oncogene 2021; 40:6166-6179. [PMID: 34535769 PMCID: PMC8556320 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors PAX5, IKZF1, and EBF1 are frequently mutated in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We demonstrate that compound heterozygous loss of multiple genes critical for B and T cell development drives transformation, including Pax5+/-xEbf1+/-, Pax5+/-xIkzf1+/-, and Ebf1+/-xIkzf1+/- mice for B-ALL, or Tcf7+/-xIkzf1+/- mice for T-ALL. To identify genetic defects that cooperate with Pax5 and Ebf1 compound heterozygosity to initiate leukemia, we performed a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon screen that identified cooperating partners including gain-of-function mutations in Stat5b (~65%) and Jak1 (~68%), or loss-of-function mutations in Cblb (61%) and Myb (32%). These findings underscore the role of JAK/STAT5B signaling in B cell transformation and demonstrate roles for loss-of-function mutations in Cblb and Myb in transformation. RNA-Seq studies demonstrated upregulation of a PDK1>SGK3>MYC pathway; treatment of Pax5+/-xEbf1+/- leukemia cells with PDK1 inhibitors blocked proliferation in vitro. In addition, we identified a conserved transcriptional gene signature between human and murine leukemias characterized by upregulation of myeloid genes, most notably involving the GM-CSF pathway, that resemble a B cell/myeloid mixed-lineage leukemia. Thus, our findings identify multiple mechanisms that cooperate with defects in B cell transcription factors to generate either progenitor B cell or mixed B/myeloid-like leukemias.
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25
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Ren A, Sun J, Yin W, Westerberg LS, Miller H, Lee P, Candotti F, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. Signaling networks in B cell development and related therapeutic strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:877-891. [PMID: 34528729 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0221-088rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are essential for Ab production during humoral immune responses. From decades of B cell research, there is now a detailed understanding of B cell subsets, development, functions, and most importantly, signaling pathways. The complicated pathways in B cells and their interactions with each other are stage-dependent, varying with surface marker expression during B cell development. With the increasing understanding of B cell development and signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying B cell related diseases are being unraveled as well, making it possible to provide more precise and effective treatments. In this review, we describe several essential and recently discovered signaling pathways in B cell development and take a look at newly developed therapeutic strategies targeted at B cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Liang M, Gong D, Wang L, Liang X, Meng J, Huang W, Zhou J. PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of immune inhibitory-related molecules. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100437. [PMID: 34425470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PAX5 haploinsufficiency promoting tumorigenesis is related to immune escape. But the mechanisms of PAX5 mutations inducing tumor immune escape have not been clarified. Our aim was to study how PAX5 haploinsufficiency influences effector CD8 + T cells in tumor microenvironment. METHODS We estimated the proportions of 22 immune cell types and the expressions of immune inhibitory-related molecules based on gene expression profiles (GEPs) from children's B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL) with PAX5 mutations by CIBERSORT, an established algorithm. We constructed the PAX5 haplodeletion A20 cell lines, built allografted A20 tumor models and evaluated the effect of PAX5 haplodeletion on immune inhibitory-related molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Our results indicated the percentages of T cells in bone marrow of children's B-ALL with PAX5 mutations were not statistically different from that in bone marrow of B-ALL without PAX5 mutations, except for T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. But a variety of up-regulated immune inhibitory-related molecules in bone marrow of children's B- ALL with PAX5 mutations were identified. By different approaches, we found that several immune inhibitory-related molecules of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion clones such as TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF, were increased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. The IFN-ɤ of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion tumors was decreased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF in the CD8+ T cells of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Duanhao Gong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
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27
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Rodríguez-Hernández G, Casado-García A, Isidro-Hernández M, Picard D, Raboso-Gallego J, Alemán-Arteaga S, Orfao A, Blanco O, Riesco S, Prieto-Matos P, García Criado FJ, García Cenador MB, Hock H, Enver T, Sanchez-Garcia I, Vicente-Dueñas C. The Second Oncogenic Hit Determines the Cell Fate of ETV6-RUNX1 Positive Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704591. [PMID: 34336858 PMCID: PMC8320889 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6-RUNX1 is almost exclusively associated with childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the consequences of ETV6-RUNX1 expression on cell lineage decisions during B-cell leukemogenesis are completely unknown. Clinically silent ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic clones are frequently found in neonatal cord blood, but few carriers develop B-ALL as a result of secondary genetic alterations. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the first transforming steps could greatly advance the development of non-toxic prophylactic interventions. Using genetic lineage tracing, we examined the capacity of ETV6-RUNX1 to instruct a malignant phenotype in the hematopoietic lineage by cell-specific Cre-mediated activation of ETV6-RUNX1 from the endogenous Etv6 gene locus. Here we show that, while ETV6-RUNX1 has the propensity to trigger both T- and B-lymphoid malignancies, it is the second hit that determines tumor cell identity. To instigate leukemia, both oncogenic hits must place early in the development of hematopoietic/precursor cells, not in already committed B-cells. Depending on the nature of the second hit, the resulting B-ALLs presented distinct entities that were clearly separable based on their gene expression profiles. Our findings give a novel mechanistic insight into the early steps of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL development and might have major implications for the potential development of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Casado-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Isidro-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Picard
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Javier Raboso-Gallego
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemán-Arteaga
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanco
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Riesco
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García Criado
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Begoña García Cenador
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hanno Hock
- Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Expression of RUNX1-JAK2 in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Cells Activates the JAK-STAT and MYC Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147576. [PMID: 34299194 PMCID: PMC8304339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterogeneous genetic subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia is driven by constitutive kinase-activation, including patients with JAK2 fusions. In our study, we model the impact of a novel JAK2 fusion protein on hematopoietic development in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We insert the RUNX1-JAK2 fusion into one endogenous RUNX1 allele through employing in trans paired nicking genome editing. Tagging of the fusion with a degron facilitates protein depletion using the heterobifunctional compound dTAG-13. Throughout in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the expression of RUNX1-JAK2 is driven by endogenous RUNX1 regulatory elements at physiological levels. Functional analysis reveals that RUNX1-JAK2 knock-in cell lines yield fewer hematopoietic progenitors, due to RUNX1 haploinsufficiency. Nevertheless, these progenitors further differentiate toward myeloid lineages to a similar extent as wild-type cells. The expression of the RUNX1-JAK2 fusion protein only elicits subtle effects on myeloid differentiation, and is unable to transform early hematopoietic progenitors. However, phosphoprotein and transcriptome analyses reveal that RUNX1-JAK2 constitutively activates JAK-STAT signaling in differentiating hiPSCs and at the same time upregulates MYC targets—confirming the interaction between these pathways. This proof-of-principle study indicates that conditional expression of oncogenic fusion proteins in combination with hematopoietic differentiation of hiPSCs may be applicable to leukemia-relevant disease modeling.
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29
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Wee Y, Liu Y, Zhao M. Identification of consistent post-translational regulatory triplets related to oncogenic and tumour suppressive modulators in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11803. [PMID: 34316412 PMCID: PMC8286060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer. It can be caused by mutations that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumour suppressor genes. For instance, changes in certain genes including Rb and p53 are common in ALL cells. Oncogenes and TSGs may serve as a modulator gene to regulate the gene expression level via their respective target genes. To investigate the regulatory relationship between oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and transcription factors at the post translational level in childhood ALL, we performed an integrative network analysis on the gene regulation in the post-translational level for childhood ALL based on many publicly available cancer gene expression data including TARGET and GEO database. Methods We collected 259 childhood ALL-related genes from the latest online leukemia database, Leukemia Gene Literature Database. These 259 genes were selected from a comprehensive systematic literature with experimental evidences. The identified and curated genes were also associated with patient survival cases and we incorporated this pediatric ALL-related gene list into our analysis. We extracted the known human TFs from the TRRUST database. Among 259 childhood ALL-related genes, 101 unique regulators were mapped to the list of oncogene and tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) from the ONGene and the TSGene databases, and these included 74 TSGs, 62 oncogenes and 46 TF genes. Results The resulted regulation was presented as a hierarchical regulatory network with transcription factors (TFs) as intermediate regulators connecting the top modulators (oncogene and TSGs) to the common target genes. Cross-validation was applied to the results from the TARGET dataset by identifying the consistent regulatory motifs based on three independent ALL expression datasets. A three-layer regulatory network of consistent positive modulators in childhood ALL was constructed in which 74 modulators (40 oncogenes, 34 TSGs) are considered as the most important regulators. The middle layer and the bottom layer contain 34 TFs and 176 target genes, respectively. Oncogenes mostly participated in positive regulation of gene expression and the transcription process of RNA II polymerase, while TSGs were mainly involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. In addition, the oncogene-specific targets were enriched with regulators of the MAPK cascade while tumour suppressor-specific targets were associated with cell death. Conclusion The results revealed that oncogenes and TSGs possess a different functional regulatory pattern with regard to not only their biological functions but also their specific target genes in childhood ALL cancer progression. Taken together, our findings could contribute to a better understanding of the important regulatory mechanisms and this method could be used to analyse the targeted genes at the post-translational level in childhood ALL through integrative network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongKiat Wee
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yining Liu
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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30
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Therapeutic delivery of siRNA with polymeric carriers to down-regulate STAT5A expression in high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251719. [PMID: 34157051 PMCID: PMC8219370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and persistent activation of STAT5 play an important role in the development and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common pediatric cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of STAT5 represents a promising therapeutic approach for ALL to overcome the limitations of current treatment modalities such as high relapse rates and poor prognosis. However, to effectively transport siRNA molecules to target cells, development of potent carriers is of utmost importance to surpass hurdles of delivery. In this study, we investigated the use of lipopolymers as non-viral delivery systems derived from low molecular weight polyethylenimines (PEI) substituted with lauric acid (Lau), linoleic acid (LA) and stearic acid (StA) to deliver siRNA molecules to ALL cell lines and primary samples. Among the lipid-substituted polymers explored, Lau- and LA-substituted PEI displayed excellent siRNA delivery to SUP-B15 and RS4;11 cells. STAT5A gene expression was downregulated (36-92%) in SUP-B15 and (32%) in RS4;11 cells using the polymeric delivery systems, which consequently reduced cell growth and inhibited the formation of colonies in ALL cells. With regard to ALL primary cells, siRNA-mediated STAT5A gene silencing was observed in four of eight patient cells using our leading polymeric delivery system, 1.2PEI-Lau8, accompanied by the significant reduction in colony formation in three of eight patients. In both BCR-ABL positive and negative groups, three of five patients demonstrated marked cell growth inhibition in both MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays using 1.2PEI-Lau8/siRNA complexes in comparison with their control siRNA groups. Three patient samples did not show any positive results with our delivery systems. Differential therapeutic responses to siRNA therapy observed in different patients could result from variable genetic profiles and patient-to-patient variability in delivery. This study supports the potential of siRNA therapy and the designed lipopolymers as a delivery system in ALL therapy.
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31
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EBF1 and PAX5 control pro-B cell expansion via opposing regulation of the Myc gene. Blood 2021; 137:3037-3049. [PMID: 33619557 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding B lineage-restricted transcription factors are frequently mutated in B-lymphoid leukemias, suggesting a close link between normal and malignant B-cell development. One of these transcription factors is early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), a protein of critical importance for lineage specification and survival of B-lymphoid progenitors. Here, we report that impaired EBF1 function in mouse B-cell progenitors results in reduced expression of Myc. Ectopic expression of MYC partially rescued B-cell expansion in the absence of EBF1 both in vivo and in vitro. Using chromosome conformation analysis in combination with ATAC-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, and reporter gene assays, six EBF1-responsive enhancer elements were identified within the Myc locus. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeting of EBF1-binding sites identified one element of key importance for Myc expression and pro-B cell expansion. These data provide evidence that Myc is a direct target of EBF1. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that several regulatory elements in the Myc locus are targets of PAX5. However, ectopic expression of PAX5 in EBF1-deficient cells inhibits the cell cycle and reduces Myc expression, suggesting that EBF1 and PAX5 act in an opposing manner to regulate Myc levels. This hypothesis is further substantiated by the finding that Pax5 inactivation reduces requirements for EBF1 in pro-B-cell expansion. The binding of EBF1 and PAX5 to regulatory elements in the human MYC gene in a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line indicates that the EBF1:PAX5:MYC regulatory loop is conserved and may control both normal and malignant B-cell development.
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32
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Genome-wide interference of ZNF423 with B-lineage transcriptional circuitries in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1209-1223. [PMID: 33646306 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the transcriptional modulator and early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) antagonist ZNF423 has been implicated in B-cell leukemogenesis, but its impact on transcriptional circuitries in lymphopoiesis has not been elucidated in a comprehensive manner. Herein, in silico analyses of multiple expression data sets on 1354 acute leukemia samples revealed a widespread presence of ZNF423 in various subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Average expression of ZNF423 was highest in ETV6-RUNX1, B-other, and TCF3-PBX1 ALL followed by BCR-ABL, hyperdiploid ALL, and KMT2A-rearranged ALL. In a KMT2A-AFF1 pro-B ALL model, a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic ablation of ZNF423 decreased cell viability and significantly prolonged survival of mice upon xenotransplantation. For the first time, we characterized the genome-wide binding pattern of ZNF423, its impact on the chromatin landscape, and differential gene activities in a B-lineage context. In general, chromatin-bound ZNF423 was associated with a depletion of activating histone marks. At the transcriptional level, EBF1-dependent transactivation was disrupted by ZNF423, whereas repressive and pioneering activities of EBF1 were not discernibly impeded. Unexpectedly, we identified an enrichment of ZNF423 at canonical EBF1-binding sites also in the absence of EBF1, which was indicative of intrinsic EBF1-independent ZNF423 activities. A genome-wide motif search at EBF1 target gene loci revealed that EBF1 and ZNF423 co-regulated genes often contain SMAD1/SMAD4-binding motifs as exemplified by the TGFB1 promoter, which was repressed by ZNF423 outcompeting EBF1 by depending on its ability to bind EBF1 consensus sites and to interact with EBF1 or SMADs. Overall, these findings underscore the wide scope of ZNF423 activities that interfere with B-cell lymphopoiesis and contribute to leukemogenesis.
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33
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Shahjahani M, Abroun A, Saki N, Bagher Mohammadi SM, Rezaeeyan H. STAT5: From Pathogenesis Mechanism to Therapeutic Approach in Acute Leukemia. Lab Med 2021; 51:345-351. [PMID: 31860086 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the results of multiple studies, multiple signaling pathways is a major cause of resistence to chemotherapy in leukemia cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is among these factors; it plays an essential role in proliferation of leukemic cells. METHODS We obtained the materials used in our study via PubMed search from 1996 through 2019. The key search terms included "STAT5," "acute leukemia," "leukemogenesis," and "mutation." RESULTS On activation, STAT5 not only inhibits apoptosis of leukemic cells via activating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene but also inhibits resistance to chemotherapy by enhancing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression and maintaining telomere length in cells. It has also been shown that a number of mutations in the STAT5 gene and in related genes alter the expression of STAT5. CONCLUSION The identification of STAT5 and the factors activated in its up- or downstream expression, affecting its function, contribute to better treatments such as targeted therapy rather than chemotherapy, improving the quality of life patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Abroun
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Royan Institute Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Jin M, Li D, Liu W, Wang P, Xiang Z, Liu K. Pinin acts as a poor prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4340-4348. [PMID: 33811436 PMCID: PMC8093961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinin (PNN) was originally characterized as a desmosome-associated molecule. Its function and the mechanism of its regulation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still undefined. Data on PNN expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of patients with RCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemistry revealed high PNN expression in tumour cells. PNN expression showed negative correlation with survival in patients with RCC, acting as an independent prognostic factor in RCC. PNN up-regulation might be attributed to epigenetic alterations in RCC. Immunofluorescence revealed PNN expression mainly in the nucleus of RCC cells. The transfection of siRNA targeting the PNN gene resulted in enhanced apoptosis, which was detected by flow cytometry, and reduced cell migration and invasion, which were assessed using wound healing and transwell migration assay. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed associations between PNN expression and several signalling pathways involved in cancer progression, as a potential mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of PNN. The analyses of the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource platform showed significant positive associations between high PNN expression and tumour immune infiltrating cells. PNN may function as an oncogenic factor by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Weihong Liu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenfei Xiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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35
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Acute lymphoid leukemia etiopathogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:817-822. [PMID: 33438082 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is a type of hematological neoplasm that affects the precursor cells of strains B, T and NK, with a higher incidence in the pediatric range. The pathophysiology of ALL is characterized by chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations involved in the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. Despite the lack of information in the literature, it is believed that leukemogenesis originates from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors, which combined lead to cellular modifications. Environmental factors have been evaluated as possible predisposing factors in the development of ALL but there are still conflicting results in the world literature. In this context, the aim of the present review is to discuss the major exogenous factors regarding ALL.
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36
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Hosein Pour Feizi A, Zeinali S, Toporski J, Sheervalilou R, Mehranfar S. Frequency and Correlation of Common Genes Copy Number Alterations in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3493-3500. [PMID: 33369444 PMCID: PMC8046302 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It was shown by genomic profiling that despite no detectable chromosomal abnormalities a proportion of children with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia harbors copy number alterations (CNA) of genes playing role in B-cell development and function. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of CNA in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and correlate these findings with clinical outcome. Methods: DNA extracted from peripheral blood or bone marrow at diagnosis/relapse of fifty newly diagnosed children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was analyzed for CNA with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results: The analysis revealed 76 CNA in 24 patients most frequently found in PAR1 (17%), CDKN2A/B (15.7%) and PAX5 (14.4%) genes. There were significant CNA co-occurrences between PAX5, CDKN2A/B, BTG1, ETV6, PAR1 or XP22 genes, (p<0.020) and the high-risk group. There was a significant correlation between EBF1, RB1, and IKZF1 alterations and bone marrow relapse. Patients with CNA in screened genes are more likely to succumb to their disease except for those with PAR1 or XP22 genes (p<0.050). Conclusion: The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification could be considered as an independent diagnostic tool allowing prompt identification of patients at high risk of treatment failure and, subsequently, a more adequate treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Kawsar Genomics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacek Toporski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sahar Mehranfar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Social Determinate of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
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Ratti S, Lonetti A, Follo MY, Paganelli F, Martelli AM, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C. B-ALL Complexity: Is Targeted Therapy Still A Valuable Approach for Pediatric Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123498. [PMID: 33255367 PMCID: PMC7760974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-ALL is the more frequent childhood malignancy. Even though significant improvements in patients’ survival, some pediatric B-ALL have still poor prognosis and novel strategies are needed. Recently, new genetic abnormalities and altered signaling pathways have been described, defining novel B-ALL subtypes.Innovative targeted therapeutic drugs may potentially show a great impact on the treatment of B-ALL subtypes, offering an important chance to block multiple signaling pathways and potentially improving the clinical management of B-ALL younger patients, especially for the new identified subtypes that lack efficient chemotherapeutic protocols. In this review, we shed light on the up-to-date knowledge of the novel childhood B-ALL subtypes and the altered signaling pathways that could become new druggable targets. Abstract B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematologic malignancy that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed B-cell precursors and predominately affects childhood. Even though significant progresses have been made in the treatment of B-ALL, pediatric patients’ outcome has to be furtherly increased and alternative targeted treatment strategies are required for younger patients. Over the last decade, novel approaches have been used to understand the genomic landscape and the complexity of the molecular biology of pediatric B-ALL, mainly next generation sequencing, offering important insights into new B-ALL subtypes, altered pathways, and therapeutic targets that may lead to improved risk stratification and treatments. Here, we will highlight the up-to-date knowledge of the novel B-ALL subtypes in childhood, with particular emphasis on altered signaling pathways. In addition, we will discuss the targeted therapies that showed promising results for the treatment of the different B-ALL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (M.Y.F.); (F.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Giorgio Prodi Cancer Research Center, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matilde Y. Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (M.Y.F.); (F.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (M.Y.F.); (F.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (M.Y.F.); (F.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (C.E.); Tel.: +39-051-209-1581 (F.C.); +39-051-209-1581 (C.E.)
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (C.E.); Tel.: +39-051-209-1581 (F.C.); +39-051-209-1581 (C.E.)
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Wang C, Li L, Li M, Shen X, Liu Y, Wang S. Inactivated STAT5 pathway underlies a novel inhibitory role of EBF1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112371. [PMID: 33188849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease caused by gradual accumulation of functionally incompetent lymphocytes. The majority of CLL cases are accompanied by chemoresistance. Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is a crucial contributor to B-cell lymphopoiesis. This study is to explore the effect of EBF1 on CLL cell progression and its involvement in regulating the signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway. We conducted a correlation analysis between EBF1 and the clinical characteristics of CLL patients. Subsequently, EBF1 was overexpressed by transfection with EBF1 overexpression plasmid and the STAT5 pathway was also blocked by treatment with SH-4-54 in isolated CD20+ B lymphocytes to investigate their roles in the regulation of cellular functions. STAT5, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) expression and their phosphorylation levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. The in vivo effects of EBF1 on tumor growth were evaluated using a xenotransplant model. Downregulation of EBF1 was observed in CD20+ B lymphocytes of CLL patients. EBF1 overexpression disrupted the activation of STAT5 pathway, as evidenced by decreased expression and phosphorylation levels of STAT5 and JAK2. Furthermore, overexpression of EBF1 repressed viability and cell cycle entry, and increased apoptosis of CD20+ B lymphocytes by inhibiting the STAT5 pathway. Finally, EBF1 exerted antitumor effects in nude mice. Overall, our study elucidates the inhibitory role of EBF1 in CLL through inactivation of the STAT5 pathway, which may provide new targets for CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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Ramamoorthy S, Kometani K, Herman JS, Bayer M, Boller S, Edwards-Hicks J, Ramachandran H, Li R, Klein-Geltink R, Pearce EL, Grün D, Grosschedl R. EBF1 and Pax5 safeguard leukemic transformation by limiting IL-7 signaling, Myc expression, and folate metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1503-1519. [PMID: 33004416 PMCID: PMC7608749 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340216.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Ramamoorthy et al. investigate EBF1 and PAX5 combined haploinsufficiency in the development of a B-ALL phenotype in mice. Using transcriptional and metabolomic profiling, the authors report that EBF1 and Pax5 may safeguard early stage B cells from transformation to B-ALL by limiting IL-7 signaling, folate metabolism, and Myc expression. EBF1 and PAX5 mutations are associated with the development of B progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in humans. To understand the molecular networks driving leukemia in the Ebf1+/−Pax5+/− (dHet) mouse model for B-ALL, we interrogated the transcriptional profiles and chromatin status of leukemic cells, preleukemic dHet pro-B, and wild-type pro-B cells with the corresponding EBF1 and Pax5 cistromes. In dHet B-ALL cells, many EBF1 and Pax5 target genes encoding pre-BCR signaling components and transcription factors were down-regulated, whereas Myc and genes downstream from IL-7 signaling or associated with the folate pathway were up-regulated. We show that blockade of IL-7 signaling in vivo and methotrexate treatment of leukemic cells in vitro attenuate the expansion of leukemic cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed heterogeneity of leukemic cells and identified a subset of wild-type pro-B cells with reduced Ebf1 and enhanced Myc expression that show hallmarks of dHet B-ALL cells. Thus, EBF1 and Pax5 may safeguard early stage B cells from transformation to B-ALL by limiting IL-7 signaling, folate metabolism and Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josip S Herman
- Laboratory of Single-Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Bayer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sören Boller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haribaskar Ramachandran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Klein-Geltink
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Laboratory of Single-Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Miller JB, Ward E, Staley LA, Stevens J, Teerlink CC, Tavana JP, Cloward M, Page M, Dayton L, Cannon-Albright LA, Kauwe JSK. Identification and genomic analysis of pedigrees with exceptional longevity identifies candidate rare variants. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104972. [PMID: 32574725 PMCID: PMC7461696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity as a phenotype entails living longer than average and typically includes living without chronic age-related diseases. Recently, several common genetic components to longevity have been identified. This study aims to identify additional genetic variants associated with longevity using unique and powerful analyses of pedigrees with a statistical excess of healthy elderly individuals identified in the Utah Population Database (UPDB). METHODS From an existing biorepository of Utah pedigrees, six independent cousin pairs were selected from four extended pedigrees that exhibited an excess of healthy elderly individuals; whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on two elderly individuals from each pedigree who were either first cousins or first cousins once removed. Rare (<.01 population frequency) variants shared by at least one elderly cousin pair in a region likely to be identical by descent were identified as candidates. Ingenuity Variant Analysis was used to prioritize putative causal variants based on quality control, frequency, and gain or loss of function. The variant frequency was compared in healthy cohorts and in an Alzheimer's disease cohort. Remaining variants were filtered based on their presence in genes reported to have an effect on the aging process, aging of cells, or the longevity process. Validation of these candidate variants included tests of segregation on other elderly relatives. RESULTS Fifteen rare candidate genetic variants spanning 17 genes shared within cousins were identified as having passed prioritization criteria. Of those variants, six were present in genes that are known or predicted to affect the aging process: rs78408340 (PAM), rs112892337 (ZFAT), rs61737629 (ESPL1), rs141903485 (CEBPE), rs144369314 (UTP4), and rs61753103 (NUP88 and RABEP1). ESPL1 rs61737629 and CEBPE rs141903485 show additional evidence of segregation with longevity in expanded pedigree analyses (p-values = .001 and .0001, respectively). DISCUSSION This unique pedigree analysis efficiently identified several novel rare candidate variants that may affect the aging process and added support to seven genes that likely contribute to longevity. Further analyses showed evidence for segregation for two rare variants, ESPL1 rs61737629 and CEBPE rs141903485, in the original longevity pedigrees in which they were initially observed. These candidate genes and variants warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Miller
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ward
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lyndsay A Staley
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stevens
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Justina P Tavana
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Matthew Cloward
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Madeline Page
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Louisa Dayton
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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Bloom M, Maciaszek JL, Clark ME, Pui CH, Nichols KE. Recent advances in genetic predisposition to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:55-70. [PMID: 31657974 PMCID: PMC10576863 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1685866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Historically, the majority of childhood cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), were not thought to have a hereditary basis. However, recent germline genomic studies have revealed that at least 5 - 10% of children with cancer (and approximately 3 - 4% of children with ALL) develop the disease due to an underlying genetic predisposition.Areas covered: This review discusses several recently identified ALL predisposing conditions and provides updates on other more well-established syndromes. It also covers topics related to the evaluation and management of children and family members at increased ALL risk.Expert opinion: Germline predisposition is gaining recognition as an important risk factor underlying the development of pediatric ALL. The challenge now lies in how best to capitalize on germline genetic information to improve ALL diagnosis, treatment, and perhaps even prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Bloom
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary Egan Clark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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43
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Flip the coin: IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1584-1593. [PMID: 31745336 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7R, are critical for T cell and, in the mouse, B cell development, as well as differentiation and survival of naive T cells, and generation and maintenance of memory T cells. They are also required for innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development and maintenance, and consequently for generation of lymphoid structures and barrier defense. Here we discuss the central role of IL-7 and IL-7R in the lymphoid system and highlight the impact of their deregulation, placing a particular emphasis on their 'dark side' as promoters of cancer development. We also explore therapeutic implications and opportunities associated with either positive or negative modulation of the IL-7-IL-7R signaling axis.
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Jiang L, Zhao XH, Mao YL, Wang JF, Zheng HJ, You QS. Long non-coding RNA RP11-468E2.5 curtails colorectal cancer cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by targeting STAT5 and STAT6. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:465. [PMID: 31718693 PMCID: PMC6852742 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tumor-associated biological molecules and have been found to be implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to examine the effects of lncRNA RP11-468E2.5 and its target genes (STAT5 and STAT6) on the biological activities of CRC cells via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. METHODS We initially screened the GEO database for differentially expressed lncRNAs related to CRC and then made a prediction of the implicated target genes. Then we collected CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 169 CRC patients. Human CRC HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) against RP11-468E2.5, AG490 (an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway), or both in combination. Next, we measured the effects of RP11-468E2.5 treatment on cellular activities such as cell viability, cycle distribution and cell apoptosis, and studied interactions among RP11-468E2.5, STAT5/STAT6, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Finally, an in vivo tumor formation assay was performed to observe the effect of RP11-468E2.5 on tumor growth. RESULTS The CRC-related gene microarray data showed low expression of RP11-468E2.5 in CRC surgical specimens. However, RP11-468E2.5 was confirmed to target STAT5 and STAT6, which participate in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. CRC tissues showed lower expression of RP11-468E2.5, higher expression of STAT5, STAT6 and of the cell cycle marker Cyclin D1 (CCND1), compared to the findings in adjacent normal tissues. The treatment of siRNA against RP11-468E2.5 increased expression of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, STAT6, CCND1 and Bcl-2 along with the extent of STAT3, STAT5 and STAT6 phosphorylation, while lowering expression of P21 and P27. Treatment with AG490 exhibited approximately opposite effects, whereas siRNA against RP11-468E2.5 treatment stimulated CRC cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis, while promoting cell cycle entry; AG490 treatment reversed these results. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we conclude that up-regulation of RP11-468E2.5 inhibits the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by targeting STAT5 and STAT6, thereby suppressing cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphatic Diseases, Harbin Medical University Tumour Hospital, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hai Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Tumour Hospital, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ling Mao
- Department of Abdominal Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Tumour Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Tumour Hospital, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Kangying Hospital of Mingshui County, Suihua, 151700, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Shan You
- Department of Abdominal Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Tumour Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
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Janke LJ, Mullighan CG, Dang J, Rehg JE. Immunophenotyping of Murine Precursor B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:950-958. [PMID: 31170889 PMCID: PMC7140381 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819852138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans and in mouse models, precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) can be classified as either the pro-B or pre-B subtype. This is based on the expression of antigens associated with the pro-B and pre-B stages of B-cell development. Antigenic markers can be detected by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry (IHC), but no comparison of results from these techniques has been reported for murine B-ALL/LBL. In our analysis of 30 cases induced by chemical or viral mutagenesis on a WT or Pax5+/- background, 18 (60%) were diagnosed as pro-B by both flow cytometry and IHC. Discordant results were found for 12 (40%); 6 were designated pro-B by IHC and pre-B by flow cytometry and the reverse for the remaining 6 cases. Discordance occurred because different markers were used to define the pro-B-to-pre-B transition by IHC vs flow cytometry. IHC expression of cytoplasmic IgM (μIgM) defined the pre-B stage, whereas the common practice of using CD25 as a surrogate marker in flow cytometry was employed here. These results show that CD25 and μIgM are not always concurrently expressed in B-ALL/LBL, in contrast to normal B-cell development. Therefore, when subtyping B-ALL/LBL in mice, an IHC panel of B220, PAX5, TdT, c-Kit/CD117, CD43, IgM, and ΚLC should be considered. For flow cytometry, cytoplasmic IgM may be an appropriate marker in conjunction with the surface markers B220, CD19, CD43, c-Kit/CD117, BP-1, and CD25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinjun Dang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Manica M, Oskooei A, Born J, Subramanian V, Sáez-Rodríguez J, Rodríguez Martínez M. Toward Explainable Anticancer Compound Sensitivity Prediction via Multimodal Attention-Based Convolutional Encoders. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4797-4806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jannis Born
- IBM Research, 8803 Zürich, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhao W, Liu M, Li H, Wang S, Tang S, Kong RM, Yu R. Ultra-sensitive label-free electrochemical detection of the acute leukaemia gene Pax-5a based on enzyme-assisted cycle amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Citalan-Madrid AF, Cabral-Pacheco GA, Martinez-de-Villarreal LE, Villarreal-Martinez L, Ibarra-Ramirez M, Garza-Veloz I, Cardenas-Vargas E, Marino-Martinez I, Martinez-Fierro ML. Proteomic tools and new insights for the study of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:637-650. [PMID: 31514680 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2019.1664127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a hematological malignancy of immature B-cell precursors, affecting children more often than adults. The etiology of BCP-ALL is still unknown, but environmental factors, sex, race or ethnicity, and genomic alterations influence the development of the disease. Tools based on protein detection, such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, mass cytometry and reverse phase protein array, represent an opportunity to investigate BCP-ALL pathogenesis and to identify new biomarkers of disease. This review aims to document the recent advancements with respect to applications of proteomic technologies to study mechanisms of leukemogenesis, how this information could be used in the discovery of biological targets, and finally we describe the challenges of application of proteomic tools for the approach of BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alí F Citalan-Madrid
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Griselda A Cabral-Pacheco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico.,Program of Doctorate in Sciences with Orientation in Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | | | - Laura Villarreal-Martinez
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon , Monterrey , Mexico
| | - Marisol Ibarra-Ramirez
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon , Monterrey , Mexico
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico.,Program of Doctorate in Sciences with Orientation in Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Edith Cardenas-Vargas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico.,Program of Doctorate in Sciences with Orientation in Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico.,Hospital General Zacatecas 'Luz González Cosío' , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Ivan Marino-Martinez
- Departamento de Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon , Monterrey , Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico.,Program of Doctorate in Sciences with Orientation in Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Zacatecas Autonomous University , Zacatecas , Mexico
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Okuyama K, Strid T, Kuruvilla J, Somasundaram R, Cristobal S, Smith E, Prasad M, Fioretos T, Lilljebjörn H, Soneji S, Lang S, Ungerbäck J, Sigvardsson M. PAX5 is part of a functional transcription factor network targeted in lymphoid leukemia. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008280. [PMID: 31381561 PMCID: PMC6695195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequently mutated proteins in human B-lineage leukemia is the transcription factor PAX5. These mutations often result in partial rather than complete loss of function of the transcription factor. While the functional dose of PAX5 has a clear connection to human malignancy, there is limited evidence for that heterozygote loss of PAX5 have a dramatic effect on the development and function of B-cell progenitors. One possible explanation comes from the finding that PAX5 mutated B-ALL often display complex karyotypes and additional mutations. Thus, PAX5 might be one component of a larger transcription factor network targeted in B-ALL. To investigate the functional network associated with PAX5 we used BioID technology to isolate proteins associated with this transcription factor in the living cell. This identified 239 proteins out of which several could be found mutated in human B-ALL. Most prominently we identified the commonly mutated IKZF1 and RUNX1, involved in the formation of ETV6-AML1 fusion protein, among the interaction partners. ChIP- as well as PLAC-seq analysis supported the idea that these factors share a multitude of target genes in human B-ALL cells. Gene expression analysis of mouse models and primary human leukemia suggested that reduced function of PAX5 increased the ability of an oncogenic form of IKZF1 or ETV6-AML to modulate gene expression. Our data reveals that PAX5 belong to a regulatory network frequently targeted by multiple mutations in B-ALL shedding light on the molecular interplay in leukemia cells. The use of modern high throughput DNA-sequencing has dramatically increased our ability to identify genetic alterations associated with cancer. However, while the mutations per se are rather easily identified, our understanding of how these mutations impact cellular functions and drive malignant transformation is more limited. We have explored the function of the transcription factor PAX5, commonly mutated in human B-lymphocyte leukemia, to identify a regulatory network of transcription factors often targeted in human disease. Hence, we propose that malignant conversion of B-lymphocyte progenitors involves multiple targeting of a central transcription factor network aggravating the impact of the individual mutations. These data increase our understanding for how individual mutations collaborate to drive the formation of B—lineage leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tobias Strid
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Kuruvilla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rajesh Somasundaram
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emma Smith
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahadesh Prasad
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical Genetics Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Shamit Soneji
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lang
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ungerbäck
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stemcell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stemcell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Wu TH, Bolt AM, Chou H, Plourde D, De Jay N, Guilbert C, Young YK, Kleinman CL, Mann KK. Tungsten Blocks Murine B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Proliferation Through Downregulation of IL-7 Receptor/Pax5 Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:45-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hua Wu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Experimental Medicine
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Oncology
| | - Hsiang Chou
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Experimental Medicine
| | | | - Nicolas De Jay
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
- Department of Experimental Medicine
- Department of Oncology
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