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Janus-Bell E, Receveur N, Mercier L, Mouriaux C, Magnenat S, Reiser J, Lanza F, Hechler B, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mangin PH. Cooperation Between Platelet β1 and β3 Integrins in the Arrest of Bleeding Under Inflammatory Conditions in Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2213-2222. [PMID: 39145395 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets prevent bleeding in a variety of inflammatory settings, the adhesion receptors and activation pathways involved being highly context-dependent and functionally redundant. In some situations, platelets recruited to inflammatory sites act independently of aggregation. The mechanisms underlying stable platelet adhesion in inflamed microvessels remain incompletely understood, in particular, whether and if so, how β1 and β3 integrins are involved. METHODS The impact of isolated or combined platelet deficiency in β1 and β3 integrins on inflammation-associated hemostasis was investigated in 3 models of acute inflammation: immune complex-based cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction, intranasal lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion following transient (2-hour) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS Mice with platelet-directed inactivation of Itgb1 (PF4Cre-β1-/-) displayed no bleeding in any of the inflammation models, while mice defective in platelet Itgb3 (PF4Cre-β3-/-) exhibited bleeding in all 3 models. Remarkably, the bleeding phenotype of PF4Cre-β3-/- mice was exacerbated in the reverse passive Arthus model by the concomitant deletion of β1 integrins, PF4Cre-β1-/-/β3-/- animals presenting increased bleeding. Intravital microscopy in reverse passive Arthus experiments highlighted a major defect in the adhesion of PF4Cre-β1-/-/β3-/- platelets to inflamed microvessels. Unlike PF4Cre-β1-/- and PF4Cre-β3-/- mice, PF4Cre-β1-/-/β3-/- animals developed early hemorrhagic transformation 6 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. PF4Cre-β1-/-/β3-/- mice displayed no more bleeding in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation than PF4Cre-β3-/- animals. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show that the requirement for and degree of functional redundancy between platelet β1 and β3 integrins in inflammation-associated hemostasis vary with the inflammatory situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Janus-Bell
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Luc Mercier
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Stéphanie Magnenat
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (J.R.)
| | - François Lanza
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Béatrice Hechler
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- Université de Paris Descartes, INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, UMR-S1148, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), EFS (Etablissement français du sang) Grand Est, BPPS (Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion) UMR (Unité mixte de recherche)-S1255, FMTS (Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg, France (E.J.-B., N.R., L.M., C.M., S.M., F.L., B.H., P.H.M.)
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Saraiva-Santos T, Zaninelli TH, Pinho-Ribeiro FA. Modulation of host immunity by sensory neurons. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:381-396. [PMID: 38697871 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered a new role for sensory neurons in influencing mammalian host immunity, challenging conventional notions of the nervous and immune systems as separate entities. In this review we delve into this groundbreaking paradigm of neuroimmunology and discuss recent scientific evidence for the impact of sensory neurons on host responses against a wide range of pathogens and diseases, encompassing microbial infections and cancers. These valuable insights enhance our understanding of the interactions between the nervous and immune systems, and also pave the way for developing candidate innovative therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases highlighting the importance of this interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Kaiser R, Escaig R, Nicolai L. Hemostasis without clot formation: how platelets guard the vasculature in inflammation, infection, and malignancy. Blood 2023; 142:1413-1425. [PMID: 37683182 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key vascular effectors in hemostasis, with activation signals leading to fast recruitment, aggregation, and clot formation. The canonical process of hemostasis is well-characterized and shares many similarities with pathological thrombus formation. However, platelets are also crucially involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity under both steady-state and inflammatory conditions by ensuring blood vessel homeostasis and preventing microbleeds. In these settings, platelets use distinct receptors, signaling pathways, and ensuing effector functions to carry out their deeds. Instead of simply forming clots, they mainly act as individual sentinels that swiftly adapt their behavior to the local microenvironment. In this review, we summarize previously recognized and more recent studies that have elucidated how anucleate, small platelets manage to maintain vascular integrity when faced with challenges of infection, sterile inflammation, and even malignancy. We dissect how platelets are recruited to the vascular wall, how they identify sites of injury, and how they prevent hemorrhage as single cells. Furthermore, we discuss mechanisms and consequences of platelets' interaction with leukocytes and endothelial cells, the relevance of adhesion as well as signaling receptors, in particular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif receptors, and cross talk with the coagulation system. Finally, we outline how recent insights into inflammatory hemostasis and vascular integrity may aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent hemorrhagic events and vascular dysfunction in patients who are critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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4
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Kaiser R, Anjum A, Kammerer L, Loew Q, Akhalkatsi A, Rossaro D, Escaig R, Droste zu Senden A, Raude B, Lorenz M, Gold C, Pekayvaz K, Brocker T, Kranich J, Holch JW, Spiekermann K, Massberg S, Gaertner F, Nicolai L. Mechanosensing via a GpIIb/Src/14-3-3ζ axis critically regulates platelet migration in vascular inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:2973-2992. [PMID: 37018659 PMCID: PMC10646815 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are not only the first responders in thrombosis and hemostasis but also central players in inflammation. Compared with platelets recruited to thrombi, immune-responsive platelets use distinct effector functions including actin-related protein complex 2/3-dependent migration along adhesive substrate gradients (haptotaxis), which prevents inflammatory bleeding and contributes to host defense. How platelet migration in this context is regulated on a cellular level is incompletely understood. Here, we use time-resolved morphodynamic profiling of individual platelets to show that migration, in contrast to clot retraction, requires anisotropic myosin IIa-activity at the platelet rear which is preceded by polarized actin polymerization at the front to initiate and maintain migration. Integrin GPIIb-dependent outside-in signaling via Gα13 coordinates polarization of migrating platelets to trigger tyrosine kinase c-Src/14-3-3ζ-dependent lamellipodium formation and functions independent of soluble agonists or chemotactic signals. Inhibitors of this signaling cascade, including the clinically used ABL/c-Src inhibitor dasatinib, interfere predominantly with the migratory capacity of platelets, without major impairment of classical platelet functions. In murine inflammation models, this translates to reduced migration of platelets visualized by 4D intravital microscopy, resulting in increased inflammation-associated hemorrhage in acute lung injury. Finally, platelets isolated from patients with leukemia treated with dasatinib who are prone to clinically relevant hemorrhage exhibit prominent migration defects, whereas other platelet functions are only partially affected. In summary, we define a distinct signaling pathway essential for migration and provide novel mechanistic insights explaining dasatinib-related platelet dysfunction and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Afra Anjum
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Kammerer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Quentin Loew
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Anastassia Akhalkatsi
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Rossaro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustin Droste zu Senden
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Raude
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Gold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kranich
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Walter Holch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gaertner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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5
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Zhou B, Szymanski CM, Baylink A. Bacterial chemotaxis in human diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:453-467. [PMID: 36411201 PMCID: PMC11238666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To infect and cause disease, bacterial pathogens must localize to specific regions of the host where they possess the metabolic and defensive acumen for survival. Motile flagellated pathogens exercise control over their localization through chemotaxis to direct motility based on the landscape of exogenous nutrients, toxins, and molecular cues sensed within the host. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles chemotaxis plays in human diseases. Chemotaxis drives pathogen colonization to sites of inflammation and injury and mediates fitness advantages through accessing host-derived nutrients from damaged tissue. Injury tropism may worsen clinical outcomes through instigating chronic inflammation and subsequent cancer development. Inhibiting bacterial chemotactic systems could act synergistically with antibacterial medicines for more effective and specific eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Zhou
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arden Baylink
- Washington State University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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6
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Cheng X, Xie Q, Sun Y. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177151. [PMID: 37122851 PMCID: PMC10133513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NBDDS) are widely used to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. By combining therapeutic drugs with nanoparticles using rational targeting pathways, nano-targeted delivery systems were created to overcome the main drawbacks of conventional drug treatment, including insufficient stability and solubility, lack of transmembrane transport, short circulation time, and undesirable toxic effects. Herein, we reviewed the recent developments in different targeting design strategies and therapeutic approaches employing various nanomaterial-based systems. We also discussed the challenges and perspectives of smart systems in precisely targeting different intravascular and extravascular diseases.
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7
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Morris SM, Chauhan A. The role of platelet mediated thromboinflammation in acute liver injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037645. [PMID: 36389830 PMCID: PMC9647048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injuries have wide and varied etiologies and they occur both in patients with and without pre-existent chronic liver disease. Whilst the pathophysiological mechanisms remain distinct, both acute and acute-on-chronic liver injury is typified by deranged serum transaminase levels and if severe or persistent can result in liver failure manifest by a combination of jaundice, coagulopathy and encephalopathy. It is well established that platelets exhibit diverse functions as immune cells and are active participants in inflammation through processes including immunothrombosis or thromboinflammation. Growing evidence suggests platelets play a dualistic role in liver inflammation, shaping the immune response through direct interactions and release of soluble mediators modulating function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, stromal cells as well as migrating and tissue-resident leucocytes. Elucidating the pathways involved in initiation, propagation and resolution of the immune response are of interest to identify therapeutic targets. In this review the provocative role of platelets is outlined, highlighting beneficial and detrimental effects in a spatial, temporal and disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Morris
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Abhishek Chauhan,
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8
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Modulation of Glycoprotein VI and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways as an Antiplatelet Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179882. [PMID: 36077280 PMCID: PMC9456422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy aims to reduce the risk of thrombotic events while maintaining hemostasis. A promising current approach is the inhibition of platelet glycoprotein GPVI-mediated adhesion pathways; pathways that do not involve coagulation. GPVI is a signaling receptor integral for collagen-induced platelet activation and participates in the thrombus consolidation process, being a suitable target for thrombosis prevention. Considering this, the blocking or antibody-mediated depletion of GPVI is a promising antiplatelet therapy for the effective and safe treatment of thrombotic diseases without a significant risk of bleeding and impaired hemostatic plug formation. This review describes the current knowledge concerning pharmaceutical approaches to platelet GPVI modulation and its downstream signaling pathways in this context.
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9
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Xie W, Lorenz M, Poosch F, Palme R, Zechner D, Vollmar B, Grambow E, Strüder D. 3D-printed lightweight dorsal skin fold chambers from PEEK reduce chamber-related animal distress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11599. [PMID: 35803979 PMCID: PMC9270450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal skinfold chamber is one of the most important in vivo models for repetitive longitudinal assessment of microcirculation and inflammation. This study aimed to refine this model by introducing a new lightweight chamber made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Body weight, burrowing activity, distress, faecal corticosterone metabolites and the tilting angle of the chambers were analysed in mice carrying either a standard titanium chamber or a PEEK chamber. Data was obtained before chamber preparation and over a postoperative period of three weeks. In the early postoperative phase, reduced body weight and increased faecal corticosterone metabolites were found in mice with titanium chambers. Chamber tilting and tilting-related complications were reduced in mice with PEEK chambers. The distress score was significantly increased in both groups after chamber preparation, but only returned to preoperative values in mice with PEEK chambers. In summary, we have shown that light chambers reduce animal distress and may extend the maximum dorsal skinfold chamber observation time. Chambers made of PEEK are particularly suitable for this purpose: They are autoclavable, sufficiently stable to withstand rodent bites, inexpensive, and widely available through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xie
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Matthias Lorenz
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology, Business and Design, University of Applied Sciences, 23966, Wismar, Germany
| | - Friederike Poosch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9099612. [PMID: 35799611 PMCID: PMC9256431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9099612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive lipids that not only play an important role in maintaining the barrier function and fluidity of cell membranes but also regulate multiple processes in cancer development by controlling multiple signaling pathways in the signal transduction network. Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism is thought to be one of the most important dysregulated pathways in lung cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. This article focuses on lung cancer, reviewing the important lipids in sphingolipid metabolism and the related enzymes in relation to lung cancer progression and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and discussing their roles in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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11
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Krémer V, de Chaisemartin L, Jönsson F. The role of neutrophils in antibody-driven autoimmune cytopenias. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106231. [PMID: 35644471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune cytopenias are a consequence of autoantibodies that target blood cell lineages and mark them for their accelerated destruction, mostly through phagocytosis by monocytes and macrophages and complement activation. Neutrophils, although equipped with Fc and complement receptors and effector mechanisms that are critical in other autoimmune conditions, remained long overlooked. Recent reports, however, propose a new and possibly critical role of neutrophils. In this review, we gathered available evidence on the contribution of neutrophils to the development, onset, and consequences of autoantibody-dependent cytopenias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Krémer
- Institut Pasteur, Université́ Paris Cité, Inserm UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, F-75015 Paris, France; Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Institut Pasteur, Université́ Paris Cité, Inserm UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, F-75015 Paris, France; Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Châtenay-Malabry, France; APHP, Bichat Hospital, Immunology Department, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Université́ Paris Cité, Inserm UMR1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, F-75015 Paris, France; CNRS, F-75015 Paris, France
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Hu ZB, Zhong QQ, Lu ZX, Zhu F. Association of platelet-to-white blood cell ratio and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio with the risk of fatal stroke occurrence in middle-aged to older Chinese. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:430. [PMID: 35581556 PMCID: PMC9112464 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NEUT) counts, which are commonly inflammatory markers, have been related to an increased risk of fatal stroke. However, it is unclear whether platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) are related to the risk of fatal stroke in middle-aged to older populations. Method In total, 27,811 participants without a stroke history at baseline were included and followed up for a mean of 14.3 years (standard deviation = 3.2), and 838 stroke deaths were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the relationships between the PWR and the PNR and the risk of fatal strokes. Results Compared to the 1st quartile, an increased risk of fatal all stroke showed among the participants in the highest quartiles of both the WBC (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.66) and the NEUT (aHR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.79). The restricted cubic splines showed decreased trends in associations of the PWR and the PNR with the risk of fatal all stroke. A decreased risk of fatal all stroke showed in those with the highest quartiles for both the PWR (aHR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00) and the PNR (aHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.01). The participants with the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th change quartiles for the PWR and the PNR had weak decreasing trends for the risk of fatal all stroke, compared to those in the 1st change quartile, and the significant associations were observed in those with an increase of 20% for the PWR with the risk of fatal haemarragic stroke (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22–0.95) and a decrease of 20% for the PNR with the risk of fatal all stroke (aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.79), compared to those with stable dynamic changes. Conclusions Higher neutrophil count and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio were associated with a contrary risk of fatal stroke, with an increased for the former and a decreased for the later. A potentially chronic inflammation should be paid close attention to stroke occurrence in relatively healthy middle-aged to older populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03134-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Zhong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Jinan, China
| | - Ze-Xiong Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanya Central Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Procoagulant platelet sentinels prevent inflammatory bleeding through GPIIBIIIA and GPVI. Blood 2022; 140:121-139. [PMID: 35472164 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of vascular integrity is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases. We recently reported that single immune-responsive platelets migrate and re-position themselves to sites of vascular injury to prevent bleeding. However, it remains unclear how single platelets preserve vascular integrity once encountering endothelial breaches. Here we demonstrate by intravital microscopy combined with genetic mouse models that procoagulant activation (PA) of single platelets and subsequent recruitment of the coagulation cascade are crucial for the prevention of inflammatory bleeding. Using a novel lactadherin-based compound we detect phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive procoagulant platelets in the inflamed vasculature. We identify exposed collagen as the central trigger arresting platelets and initiating subsequent PA in a CypD- and TMEM16F-dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. Platelet PA promotes binding of the prothrombinase complex to the platelet membrane, greatly enhancing thrombin activity resulting in fibrin formation. PA of migrating platelets is initiated by co-stimulation via integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIBIIIA)/Gα13-mediated outside-in-signaling and GPVI signaling, leading to an above-threshold intracellular calcium release. This effectively targets the coagulation cascade to breaches of vascular integrity identified by patrolling platelets. Platelet-specific genetic loss of either CypD or TMEM16F as well as combined blockade of platelet GPIIBIIIA and GPVI reduce platelet PA in vivo and aggravate pulmonary inflammatory hemorrhage. Our findings illustrate a novel role of procoagulant platelets in the prevention of inflammatory bleeding and provide evidence that PA of patrolling platelet sentinels effectively targets and confines activation of coagulation to breaches of vascular integrity.
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14
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Confocal Real-Time Analysis of Cutaneous Platelet Recruitment during Immune-Complex-Mediated Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2724-2732.e3. [PMID: 35367475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets preserve vascular integrity during immune complex (IC)-mediated skin inflammation by preventing neutrophil-provoked hemorrhage. However, the single cell dynamics of this hemostatic process have never been studied in real-time. To monitor the on-set of thrombocytopenia-associated hemorrhages and analyze platelet recruitment, we developed a confocal microscopy-based video-imaging platform for the dorsal skinfold chamber in living mice. For ultrastructural analysis of recruited platelets, we correlated our imaging approach with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. We found that bleeding events were transient and occurred preferentially at vascular sites, which were repeatedly penetrated by extravasating neutrophils. Hemorrhage only resumed when previously affected sites were again breached by yet another neutrophil. In non-thrombocytopenic mice, we observed that neutrophil extravasation provoked recruitment of single platelets to the vessel wall, which required platelet ITAM-receptors GPVI and CLEC-2. Recruited platelets were found to spread across the endothelial barrier and some even across the basement membrane, while retaining their granules. Thus, by visualizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of thrombocytopenia-associated bleeding and platelet recruitment on a single cell level and in real-time, we provide further insights into how platelets preserve vascular integrity during IC-mediated skin inflammation.
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15
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Parfenova NS. Platelets and other cells interactions in the atherosclerosis development. MEDICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL 2021; 21:73-84. [DOI: 10.17816/maj72110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis of the blood vessels is one of the main causes of severe chronic vascular pathologies, which quite often lead to the fatal end. It is well known that the development of atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process going through several stages until the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. The latter, due to increased instability, would come off and cause thromboembolism. Low density lipoproteins, endothelium, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes / macrophages and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall are all active participants in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, they trigger and carry out the process by forming a platelet thrombus on the surface of the ulcerated calcified atherosclerotic plaque. In the recent time interest in the role of platelets in inflammatory processes has grown immensely, first of all due to their ability to interact with cells participating in different stages of atherosclerosis development through adhesion, formation of aggregations, the exchange of exovesicles and microparticles, as well as through the mutually increasing secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and other chemical mediators. This review is devoted to the role of platelets in the formation and regulation of the multicellular ensemble and also local cell modules specific for each stage of atherosclerosis development.
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16
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Binding of the Andes Virus Nucleocapsid Protein to RhoGDI Induces the Release and Activation of the Permeability Factor RhoA. J Virol 2021; 95:e0039621. [PMID: 34133221 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00396-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) nonlytically infects pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs), causing acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In HPS patients, virtually every PMEC is infected; however, the mechanism by which ANDV induces vascular permeability and edema remains to be resolved. The ANDV nucleocapsid (N) protein activates the GTPase RhoA in primary human PMECs, causing VE-cadherin internalization from adherens junctions and PMEC permeability. We found that ANDV N protein failed to bind RhoA but coprecipitates RhoGDI (Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor), the primary RhoA repressor that normally sequesters RhoA in an inactive state. ANDV N protein selectively binds the RhoGDI C terminus (residues 69 to 204) but fails to form ternary complexes with RhoA or inhibit RhoA binding to the RhoGDI N terminus (residues 1 to 69). However, we found that ANDV N protein uniquely inhibits RhoA binding to an S34D phosphomimetic RhoGDI mutant. Hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increase RhoA-induced PMEC permeability by directing protein kinase Cα (PKCα) phosphorylation of S34 on RhoGDI. Collectively, ANDV N protein alone activates RhoA by sequestering and reducing RhoGDI available to suppress RhoA. In response to hypoxia and VEGF-activated PKCα, ANDV N protein additionally directs the release of RhoA from S34-phosphorylated RhoGDI, synergistically activating RhoA and PMEC permeability. These findings reveal a fundamental edemagenic mechanism that permits ANDV to amplify PMEC permeability in hypoxic HPS patients. Our results rationalize therapeutically targeting PKCα and opposing protein kinase A (PKA) pathways that control RhoGDI phosphorylation as a means of resolving ANDV-induced capillary permeability, edema, and HPS. IMPORTANCE HPS-causing hantaviruses infect pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs), causing vascular leakage, pulmonary edema, and a 35% fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hantaviruses do not lyse or disrupt the endothelium but dysregulate normal EC barrier functions and increase hypoxia-directed permeability. Our findings reveal a novel underlying mechanism of EC permeability resulting from ANDV N protein binding to RhoGDI, a regulatory protein that normally maintains edemagenic RhoA in an inactive state and inhibits EC permeability. ANDV N sequesters RhoGDI and enhances the release of RhoA from S34-phosphorylated RhoGDI. These findings indicate that ANDV N induces the release of RhoA from PKC-phosphorylated RhoGDI, synergistically enhancing hypoxia-directed RhoA activation and PMEC permeability. Our data suggest inhibiting PKC and activating PKA phosphorylation of RhoGDI as mechanisms of inhibiting ANDV-directed EC permeability and therapeutically restricting edema in HPS patients. These findings may be broadly applicable to other causes of ARDS.
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17
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Jadoui S, Le Chapelain O, Ollivier V, Mostefa-Kara A, Di Meglio L, Dupont S, Gros A, Nomenjanahary MS, Desilles JP, Mazighi M, Nieswandt B, Loyau S, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH, Ho-Tin-Noé B. Glenzocimab does not impact glycoprotein VI-dependent inflammatory haemostasis. Haematologica 2021; 106:2000-2003. [PMID: 33375772 PMCID: PMC8252939 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angèle Gros
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology
| | - Mikaël Mazighi
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- University Hospital Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg
| | | | | | - Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Hritzo B, Legesse B, Ward JM, Kaur A, Holmes-Hampton GP, Moroni M. Investigating the Multi-Faceted Nature of Radiation-Induced Coagulopathies in a Göttingen Minipig Model of Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2021; 196:156-174. [PMID: 34019667 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00073.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathies are well documented after acute radiation exposure at hematopoietic doses, and radiation-induced bleeding is notably one of the two main causes of mortality in the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. Despite this, understanding of the mechanisms by which radiation alters hemostasis and induces bleeding is still lacking. Here, male Göttingen minipigs received hematopoietic doses of 60Co gamma irradiation (total body) and coagulopathies were characterized by assessing bleeding, blood cytopenia, fibrin deposition, changes in hemostatic properties, coagulant/anticoagulant enzyme levels, and markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and barrier integrity to understand if a relationship exists between bleeding, hemostatic defects, bone marrow aplasia, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and loss of barrier integrity. Acute radiation exposure induced coagulopathies in the Göttingen minipig model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome; instances of bleeding were not dependent upon thrombocytopenia. Neutropenia, alterations in hemostatic parameters and damage to the glycocalyx occurred in all animals irrespective of occurrence of bleeding. Radiation-induced bleeding was concurrent with simultaneous thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, inflammation, increased heart rate, decreased nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction; bleeding was not observed with the sole occurrence of a single aforementioned parameter in the absence of the others. Alteration of barrier function or clotting proteins was not observed in all cases of bleeding. Additionally, fibrin deposition was observed in the heart and lungs of decedent animals but no evidence of DIC was noted, suggesting a unique pathophysiology of radiation-induced coagulopathies. These findings suggest radiation-induced coagulopathies are the result of simultaneous damage to several key organs and biological functions, including the immune system, the inflammatory response, the bone marrow and the cardiovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Hritzo
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betre Legesse
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Amandeep Kaur
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Moroni
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Le Chapelain O, Camerer E. Platelets maintain vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1145-1148. [PMID: 33595179 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Le Chapelain
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM U970, Paris, France
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20
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Sluiter TJ, van Buul JD, Huveneers S, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:328. [PMID: 33804952 PMCID: PMC8063931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a highly specialized barrier that controls passage of fluids and migration of cells from the lumen into the vessel wall. Endothelial cells assist leukocytes to extravasate and despite the variety in the specific mechanisms utilized by different leukocytes to cross different vascular beds, there is a general principle of capture, rolling, slow rolling, arrest, crawling, and ultimately diapedesis via a paracellular or transcellular route. In atherosclerosis, the barrier function of the endothelium is impaired leading to uncontrolled leukocyte extravasation and vascular leakage. This is also observed in the neovessels that grow into the atherosclerotic plaque leading to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque destabilization. This review focuses on the vascular endothelial barrier function and the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes during transmigration. We will discuss the role of endothelial dysfunction, transendothelial migration of leukocytes and plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J. Sluiter
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Platelets docking to VWF prevent leaks during leukocyte extravasation by stimulating Tie-2. Blood 2021; 136:627-639. [PMID: 32369573 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extravasation requires opening of the endothelial barrier but does not necessarily cause plasma leakage. Leaks are prevented by contractile actin filaments surrounding the diapedesis pore, keeping this opening tightly closed around the transmigrating neutrophils. We have identified the receptor system that is responsible for this. We show that silencing, or gene inactivation, of endothelial Tie-2 results in leak formation in postcapillary venules of the inflamed cremaster muscle at sites of neutrophil extravasation, as visualized by fluorescent microspheres. Leakage was dependent on neutrophil extravasation, because it was absent upon neutrophil depletion. We identified the Cdc42 GTPase exchange factor FGD5 as a downstream target of Tie-2 that is essential for leakage prevention during neutrophil extravasation. Looking for the Tie-2 agonist and its source, we found that platelet-derived angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) was required to prevent neutrophil-induced leaks. Intriguingly, blocking von Willebrand factor (VWF) resulted in vascular leaks during transmigration, indicating that platelets interacting with endothelial VWF activate Tie-2 by secreting Angpt1, thereby preventing diapedesis-induced leakiness.
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22
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Hujoel PP, Kato T, Hujoel IA, Hujoel MLA. Bleeding tendency and ascorbic acid requirements: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:964-975. [PMID: 33517432 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The World Health Organization set the recommended daily vitamin C intake, henceforth referred to as ascorbic acid (AA), on the basis of scurvy prevention. Double-blind AA depletion-repletion studies suggest that this recommended AA dose may be too low to prevent microvascular fragility. OBJECTIVES (1) To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on whether AA supplementation leads to a reduced gingival bleeding tendency, a manifestation of microvascular fragility; and (2) to relate AA plasma levels to retinal hemorrhaging, another manifestation of microvascular fragility. DATA SOURCES Data were reviewed from 15 trials conducted in 6 countries with 1140 predominantly healthy participants with measures of gingival bleeding tendency, and from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III of 8210 US residents with measures of retinal hemorrhaging. RESULTS In clinical trials, AA supplementation reduced gingival bleeding tendency when estimated baseline AA plasma levels were < 28 μmol/L (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.83; 95%CI, -1.16 to -0.49; P < 0.002). Supplementation with AA did not unequivocally reduce gingival bleeding tendency when baseline estimated AA plasma levels were >48 μmol/L or unknown (respective standardized mean differences: -0.23, 95%CI, -0.45 to -0.01, P < 0.05; and -0.56; 95%CI: -1.19 to 0.06, P < 0.08). In NHANES III, prevalence of both retinal hemorrhaging and gingival bleeding tendency increased when AA plasma levels were within the range that protects against scurvy (11-28 μmol/L; respective prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22-1.77; and 1.64; 95%CI: 1.32-2.03; P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Consistent evidence from controlled clinical trials indicates that setting human AA requirements based on scurvy prevention leads to AA plasma levels that may be too low to prevent an increased gingival bleeding tendency. Gingival bleeding tendency and retinal hemorrhaging coincide with low AA plasma levels and thus may be reflective of a systemic microvascular pathology that is reversible with an increased daily AA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Hujoel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Kato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isabel A Hujoel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaux L A Hujoel
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent insights into the role of platelets in acute inflammation and infection. RECENT FINDINGS Platelets exhibit intravascular crawling behavior and can collect and bundle bacteria. In addition, platelets are key in promoting intravascular thrombus formation in infection, a process termed 'immunothrombosis', which contributes to pathogen containment, but also potentially damages the host. Platelets are at the nexus of leukocyte recruitment and activation, yet they are at the same time crucial in preventing inflammation-associated hemorrhage and tissue damage. This multitasking requires specific receptors and pathways, depending on stimulus, organ and effector function. SUMMARY New findings highlight the complex interplay of innate immunity, coagulation and platelets in inflammation and infection, and unravel novel molecular pathways and effector functions. These offer new potential therapeutic approaches, but require further extensive research to distinguish treatable proinflammatory from host-protective pathways.
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Vital SA, Senchenkova EY, Ansari J, Gavins FNE. Targeting AnxA1/Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Pathway Affords Protection against Pathological Thrombo-Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112473. [PMID: 33202930 PMCID: PMC7697101 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally and is associated with a number of co-morbidities including sepsis and sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite thrombo-inflammation underlying these co-morbidities, its pathogenesis remains complicated and drug discovery programs aimed at reducing and resolving the detrimental effects remain a major therapeutic challenge. The objective of this study was to assess whether the anti-inflammatory pro-resolving protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1) was able to reduce inflammation-induced thrombosis and suppress platelet activation and thrombus formation in the cerebral microvasculature. Using two distinct models of pathological thrombo-inflammation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sickle transgenic mice (STM)), thrombosis was induced in the murine brain using photoactivation (light/dye) coupled with intravital microscopy. The heightened inflammation-induced microvascular thrombosis present in these two distinct thrombo-inflammatory models was inhibited significantly by the administration of AnxA1 mimetic peptide AnxA1Ac2-26 (an effect more pronounced in the SCD model vs. the endotoxin model) and mediated by the key resolution receptor, Fpr2/ALX. Furthermore, AnxA1Ac2-26 treatment was able to hamper platelet aggregation by reducing platelet stimulation and aggregation (by moderating αIIbβ3 and P-selectin). These findings suggest that targeting the AnxA1/Fpr2/ALX pathway represents an attractive novel treatment strategy for resolving thrombo-inflammation, counteracting e.g., stroke in high-risk patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantel A. Vital
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (S.A.V.); (E.Y.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Elena Y. Senchenkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (S.A.V.); (E.Y.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (S.A.V.); (E.Y.S.); (J.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Felicity N. E. Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (S.A.V.); (E.Y.S.); (J.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1895-267151
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25
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Nicolai L, Schiefelbein K, Lipsky S, Leunig A, Hoffknecht M, Pekayvaz K, Raude B, Marx C, Ehrlich A, Pircher J, Zhang Z, Saleh I, Marel AK, Löf A, Petzold T, Lorenz M, Stark K, Pick R, Rosenberger G, Weckbach L, Uhl B, Xia S, Reichel CA, Walzog B, Schulz C, Zheden V, Bender M, Li R, Massberg S, Gaertner F. Vascular surveillance by haptotactic blood platelets in inflammation and infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5778. [PMID: 33188196 PMCID: PMC7666582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of vascular barriers is a major complication of inflammatory diseases. Anucleate platelets form blood-clots during thrombosis, but also play a crucial role in inflammation. While spatio-temporal dynamics of clot formation are well characterized, the cell-biological mechanisms of platelet recruitment to inflammatory micro-environments remain incompletely understood. Here we identify Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodia formation as a prominent morphological feature of immune-responsive platelets. Platelets use lamellipodia to scan for fibrin(ogen) deposited on the inflamed vasculature and to directionally spread, to polarize and to govern haptotactic migration along gradients of the adhesive ligand. Platelet-specific abrogation of Arp2/3 interferes with haptotactic repositioning of platelets to microlesions, thus impairing vascular sealing and provoking inflammatory microbleeding. During infection, haptotaxis promotes capture of bacteria and prevents hematogenic dissemination, rendering platelets gate-keepers of the inflamed microvasculature. Consequently, these findings identify haptotaxis as a key effector function of immune-responsive platelets. Breakdown of vascular barriers is a major complication of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying platelet recruitment to inflammatory micro-environments remains unclear. Here, the authors identify haptotaxis as a key effector function of immune-responsive platelets
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Schiefelbein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Lipsky
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Leunig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Hoffknecht
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Raude
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Marx
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ehrlich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Inas Saleh
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Achim Löf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, München, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhild Rosenberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolarynology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, München, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Gaertner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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26
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Endothelial damage and a thin intercellular fibrin network promote haemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102992. [PMID: 32949998 PMCID: PMC7501057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of vascular endothelium in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which APL cells interact with endothelial cells (ECs) and to further explore how the endothelium affects bleeding as well as therapeutic interventions. Method APL cells and an original APL cell line, NB4 cells, were used for experiments. The effects of leukaemic cells on ECs were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the endothelial barrier function and procoagulant activity were detected. An APL mouse model was established for in vivo studies. Findings APL cells interacted with ECs via ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 receptors to disrupt endothelial integrity. This binding activated MLCK signaling, resulting in the trans-endothelial passage of protein and red blood cells (RBCs). Combined treatment with asiatic acid or anti-adhesion receptor antibody inhibited the response of ECs to APL cells, thereby preventing APL-associated haemorrhage in vitro and in vivo. Activated ECs exhibited a procoagulant phenotype after phosphatidylserine exposure. Plasma from APL patients formed a thin fibrin network between procoagulant ECs, and this intercellular fibrin decreased the passage of albumin and RBCs. Ex vivo addition of fibrinogen further enhanced this barrier function in a dose-dependent manner. Interpretation Endothelial damage induced by leukaemic cell adherence promotes haemorrhaging in APL. Stabilization of ECs, decreasing adhesion receptor expression, and increasing fibrinogen transfusion levels may be a new therapeutic avenue to alleviate this fatal bleeding complication. Funding National Science Foundation of China (81670128, 81873433).
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27
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Hemostasis vs. homeostasis: Platelets are essential for preserving vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24316-24325. [PMID: 32929010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007642117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are best known for their vasoprotective responses to injury and inflammation. Here, we have asked whether they also support vascular integrity when neither injury nor inflammation is present. Changes in vascular barrier function in dermal and meningeal vessels were measured in real time in mouse models using the differential extravasation of fluorescent tracers as a biomarker. Severe thrombocytopenia produced by two distinct methods caused increased extravasation of 40-kDa dextran from capillaries and postcapillary venules but had no effect on extravasation of 70-kDa dextran or albumin. This reduction in barrier function required more than 4 h to emerge after thrombocytopenia was established, reverting to normal as the platelet count recovered. Barrier dysfunction was also observed in mice that lacked platelet-dense granules, dense granule secretion machinery, glycoprotein (GP) VI, or the GPVI signaling effector phospholipase C (PLC) γ2. It did not occur in mice lacking α-granules, C type lectin receptor-2 (CLEC-2), or protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4). Notably, although both meningeal and dermal vessels were affected, intracerebral vessels, which are known for their tighter junctions between endothelial cells, were not. Collectively, these observations 1) highlight a role for platelets in maintaining vascular homeostasis in the absence of injury or inflammation, 2) provide a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in platelet-dependent barrier function, 3) identify which platelet processes are required, and 4) suggest that the absence of competent platelets causes changes in the vessel wall itself, accounting for the time required for dysfunction to emerge.
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28
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Tischler BY, Tosini NL, Cramer RA, Hohl TM. Platelets are critical for survival and tissue integrity during murine pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008544. [PMID: 32407390 PMCID: PMC7252636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their canonical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets function in the innate immune response by interacting directly with pathogens and by regulating the recruitment and activation of immune effector cells. Thrombocytopenia often coincides with neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancies and in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, patient groups at high risk for invasive fungal infections. While neutropenia is well established as a major clinical risk factor for invasive fungal infections, the role of platelets in host defense against human fungal pathogens remains understudied. Here, we examined the role of platelets in murine Aspergillus fumigatus infection using two complementary approaches to induce thrombocytopenia without concurrent neutropenia. Thrombocytopenic mice were highly susceptible to A. fumigatus challenge and rapidly succumbed to infection. Although platelets regulated early conidial phagocytosis by neutrophils in a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-dependent manner, platelet-regulated conidial phagocytosis was dispensable for host survival. Instead, our data indicated that platelets primarily function to maintain hemostasis and lung integrity in response to exposed fungal antigens, since thrombocytopenic mice exhibited severe hemorrhage into the airways in response to fungal challenge in the absence of overt angioinvasion. Challenge with swollen, heat-killed, conidia was lethal in thrombocytopenic hosts and could be reversed by platelet transfusion, consistent with the model that fungus-induced inflammation in platelet-depleted mice was sufficient to induce lethal hemorrhage. These data provide new insights into the role of platelets in the anti-Aspergillus host response and expand their role to host defense against filamentous molds. Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous environmental mold that forms airborne spores, termed conidia. When inhaled by immune compromised individuals, A. fumigatus conidia can germinate into tissue-invasive hyphae and cause invasive aspergillosis, a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia and in bone marrow transplant recipients. Although a low platelet count has been identified as a risk factor for clinical outcomes in patients with invasive aspergillosis, the precise role of platelets in the anti-fungal host response remains poorly understood. Here, we report an essential requirement for platelets in anti-Aspergillus host defence in a mouse model of fungal pneumonia. Although platelets play a role in activating the innate immune system after infection, they are critical for preventing lethal hemorrhage after A. fumigatus challenge. Our findings raise the question as to whether platelets can be used as a basis for therapeutic strategies in vulnerable patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Tischler
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas L. Tosini
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Oran I. Flow-diverting stent and delayed intracranial bleeding: the case for discussing acquired von Willebrand disease. Platelets 2020; 32:432-435. [PMID: 32406779 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1754379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of the flow-diverting stent (FDS) has rendered it useful in the endovascular treatment of selected intracranial aneurysms for the last decade. Delayed aneurysmal rupture and intracranial parenchymal bleeding are two leading hemorrhagic complications after FDS. It has recently been shown for the first time that there is a relationship between FDS and reduced level of vWF activity in patients undergoing endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatment. Here, the current literature is reviewed in the context of this novel finding to propose an illustrative scenario that conceptually links implantation of FDS to delayed intracranial bleeding, through the mechanism of shear-induced activation of vWF. In this scenario, after FDS implantation, sustained release of activated vWF in association with platelets plays a pivotal role in the mechanisms of delayed intracranial hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Oran
- Section of Interventional Radiology, KENT Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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30
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Haining EJ, Lowe KL, Wichaiyo S, Kataru RP, Nagy Z, Kavanagh DP, Lax S, Di Y, Nieswandt B, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mehrara BJ, Senis YA, Rayes J, Watson SP. Lymphatic blood filling in CLEC-2-deficient mouse models. Platelets 2020; 32:352-367. [PMID: 32129691 PMCID: PMC8443399 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1734784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is considered as a potential drug target in settings of wound healing, inflammation, and infection. A potential barrier to this is evidence that CLEC-2 and its ligand podoplanin play a critical role in preventing lymphatic vessel blood filling in mice throughout life. In this study, this aspect of CLEC-2/podoplanin function is investigated in more detail using new and established mouse models of CLEC-2 and podoplanin deficiency, and models of acute and chronic vascular remodeling. We report that CLEC-2 expression on platelets is not required to maintain a barrier between the blood and lymphatic systems in unchallenged mice, post-development. However, under certain conditions of chronic vascular remodeling, such as during tumorigenesis, deficiency in CLEC-2 can lead to lymphatic vessel blood filling. These data provide a new understanding of the function of CLEC-2 in adult mice and confirm the essential nature of CLEC-2-driven platelet activation in vascular developmental programs. This work expands our understanding of how lymphatic blood filling is prevented by CLEC-2-dependent platelet function and provides a context for the development of safe targeting strategies for CLEC-2 and podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate L Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dean Pj Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sian Lax
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg and University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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31
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The endothelial barrier and cancer metastasis: Does the protective facet of platelet function matter? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113886. [PMID: 32113813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence suggests that platelets have a detrimental role in promoting cancer spread via platelet-cancer cell interactions linked to thrombotic mechanisms. On the other hand, a beneficial role of platelets in the preservation of the endothelial barrier in inflammatory conditions has been recently described, a phenomenon that could also operate in cancer-related inflammation. It is tempting to speculate that some antiplatelet strategies to combat cancer metastasis may impair the endogenous platelet-dependent mechanisms preserving endothelial barrier function. If the protective function of platelets is impaired, it may lead to increased endothelial permeability and more efficient cancer cell intravasation in the primary tumor and cancer cell extravasation at metastatic sites. In this commentary, we discuss current evidence that could support this hypothesis.
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32
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Le Chapelain O, Jadoui S, Boulaftali Y, Ho-Tin-Noé B. The reversed passive Arthus reaction as a model for investigating the mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis. Platelets 2020; 31:455-460. [PMID: 32105152 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1732325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that platelets continuously repair vascular damage at sites of inflammation and/or infection. Studies in mouse models of inflammation have highlighted the fact that the mechanisms underlying bleeding prevention by platelets in inflamed organs can substantially differ from those supporting primary hemostasis following tail tip transection or thrombus formation in models of thrombosis. As a consequence, exploration of the hemostatic function of platelets in inflammation, as well as assessment of the risk of inflammation-induced bleeding associated with a platelet deficit and/or the use of anti-thrombotic drugs, require the use of dedicated experimental models. In the present review, we present the pros and cons of the cutaneous reversed passive Arthus reaction, a model of inflammation which has been instrumental in studying how inflammation causes vascular injury and how platelets continuously intervene to repair it. The limitations and common issues encountered when working with mouse models of inflammation for investigating platelet functions in inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumaya Jadoui
- Université de Paris, LVTS, Inserm U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
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33
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Wéra O, Lecut C, Servais L, Hego A, Delierneux C, Jiang Z, Keutgens A, Evans RJ, Delvenne P, Lancellotti P, Oury C. P2X1 ion channel deficiency causes massive bleeding in inflamed intestine and increases thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:44-56. [PMID: 31448510 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is associated with bleeding and thrombosis, two processes that may involve both platelets and neutrophils. However, the mechanisms and the respective contribution of these cells to intestinal bleeding and extra-intestinal thrombosis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of vascular integrity and thrombosis in intestinal inflammation. METHODS We used a mouse model of acute colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days. Bleeding was assessed after depletion of platelets, neutrophils, or glycoprotein VI (GPVI); treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel; or in P2X1-deficient mice. Extra-intestinal thrombosis was analyzed using a laser-induced injury model of thrombosis in cremaster muscle arterioles. RESULTS Platelet depletion or P2X1 deficiency led to macrocytic regenerative anemia due to intestinal hemorrhage. In contrast, GPVI, P2Y12, and thromboxane A2 were dispensable. Platelet P-selectin expression and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) plasma levels were lower in DSS-treated P2X1-deficient mice as compared to wild-type mice, indicative of a platelet secretion defect. Circulating neutrophils had a more activated phenotype, and neutrophil infiltration in the colon was increased. P2X1-deficient mice also had elevated plasma granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels. Neutrophil depletion limited blood loss in these mice, whereas exogenous administration of G-CSF in colitic wild-type mice caused macrocytic anemia. Anemic colitic P2X1-deficient mice formed atypical neutrophil- and fibrin-rich, and platelet-poor thrombi upon arteriolar endothelial injury. CONCLUSIONS Platelets and P2X1 ion channels are mandatory to preserve vascular integrity in inflamed intestine. Upon P2X1 deficiency, neutrophils contribute to bleeding and they may also be responsible for enhanced thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Wéra
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Lecut
- Department of Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Servais
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Hego
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zheshen Jiang
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Keutgens
- Department of Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard J Evans
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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34
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Rayes J, Bourne JH, Brill A, Watson SP. The dual role of platelet-innate immune cell interactions in thrombo-inflammation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:23-35. [PMID: 31989082 PMCID: PMC6971330 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are increasingly recognized as key regulators of the inflammatory response under sterile and infectious conditions. Both platelet receptors and secretion are critical for these functions and contribute to their interaction with the endothelium and innate immune system. Platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation and targets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotes thrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage. However, recent studies have shown that these interactions also regulate the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing. Many of the platelet and leukocyte receptors involved in these bidirectional interactions are not selective for a subset of immune cells. However, specific heterotypic interactions occur in different vascular beds and inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of disease- and organ-specific pathways of intervention. In this review, we highlight and discuss prominent and emerging interrelationships between platelets and innate immune cells and their dual role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in sterile and infectious thrombo-inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the functional relevance of these interactions in different vascular beds may provide opportunities for successful therapeutic interventions to regulate the development, progression, and chronicity of various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Joshua H. Bourne
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Department of PathophysiologySechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
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35
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Ramirez GA, Manfredi AA, Maugeri N. Misunderstandings Between Platelets and Neutrophils Build in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2491. [PMID: 31695699 PMCID: PMC6817594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated hemostasis, inflammation and innate immunity entail extensive interactions between platelets and neutrophils. Under physiological conditions, vascular inflammation offers a template for the establishment of effective intravascular immunity, with platelets providing neutrophils with an array of signals that increase their activation threshold, thus limiting collateral damage to tissues and promoting termination of the inflammatory response. By contrast, persistent systemic inflammation as observed in immune-mediated diseases, such as systemic vasculitides, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by platelet and neutrophil reciprocal activation, which ultimately culminates in the generation of thrombo-inflammatory lesions, fostering vascular injury and organ damage. Here, we discuss recent evidence regarding the multifaceted aspects of platelet-neutrophil interactions from bone marrow precursors to shed microparticles. Moreover, we analyse shared and disease-specific events due to an aberrant deployment of these interactions in human diseases. To restore communications between the pillars of the immune-hemostatic continuum constitutes a fascinating challenge for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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36
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Mezger M, Nording H, Sauter R, Graf T, Heim C, von Bubnoff N, Ensminger SM, Langer HF. Platelets and Immune Responses During Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31402914 PMCID: PMC6676797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mediating hemostatic functions, platelets are increasingly recognized as important players of inflammation. Data from experiments in mice and men revealed various intersection points between thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation, which are addressed and discussed in this review in detail. One such example is the intrinsic coagulation cascade that is initiated after platelet activation thereby further propagating and re-enforcing wound healing or thrombus formation but also contributing to the pathophysiology of severe diseases. FXII of the intrinsic pathway connects platelet activation with the coagulation cascade during immune reactions. It can activate the contact system thereby either creating an inflammatory state or accelerating inflammation. Recent insights into platelet biology could show that platelets are equipped with complement receptors. Platelets are important for tissue remodeling after injury has been inflicted to the endothelial barrier and to the subendothelial tissue. Thus, platelets are increasingly recognized as more than just cells relevant for bleeding arrest. Future insights into platelet biology are to be expected. This research will potentially offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention in diseases featuring platelet abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mezger
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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37
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Platelets inhibit apoptotic lung epithelial cell death and protect mice against infection-induced lung injury. Blood Adv 2019; 3:432-445. [PMID: 30733303 PMCID: PMC6373758 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is most commonly caused by infection and marked by alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. However, the mechanisms by which platelets protect the lung alveolar-capillary barrier during infectious injury remain unclear. We found that natively thrombocytopenic Mpl -/- mice deficient in the thrombopoietin receptor sustain severe lung injury marked by alveolar barrier disruption and hemorrhagic pneumonia with early mortality following acute intrapulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection; barrier disruption was attenuated by platelet reconstitution. Although PA infection was associated with a brisk neutrophil influx, depletion of airspace neutrophils failed to substantially mitigate PA-triggered alveolar barrier disruption in Mpl -/- mice. Rather, PA cell-free supernatant was sufficient to induce lung epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and alveolar barrier disruption in both platelet-depleted mice and Mpl -/- mice in vivo. Cell-free supernatant from PA with genetic deletion of the type 2 secretion system, but not the type 3 secretion system, mitigated lung epithelial cell death in vitro and lung injury in Mpl -/- mice. Moreover, platelet releasates reduced poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage and lung injury in Mpl -/- mice, and boiling of platelet releasates, but not apyrase treatment, abrogated PA supernatant-induced lung epithelial cell cytotoxicity in vitro. These findings indicate that while neutrophil airspace influx does not potentiate infectious lung injury in the thrombocytopenic host, platelets and their factors protect against severe pulmonary complications from pathogen-secreted virulence factors that promote host cell death even in the absence of overt infection.
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38
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Karakatsanis SJ, Papadatos SS, Syrigos KN. Hypoplastic thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion: therapeutic goals. Hosp Pract (1995) 2019; 47:16-23. [PMID: 30409035 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2019.1546530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet transfusions consist a major part of the management of hypoplastic thrombocytopenia, the latter occurring mainly among patients with hematological malignancies. Platelet transfusions have led to a reduction of deaths attributable to thrombocytopenia-induced bleeding, despite their possible complications; nonetheless, prophylactic administration of platelets to patients with severe thrombocytopenia or before invasive procedures should be based on specific criteria, as well as therapeutic administration during active bleeding. Recently developed ex-vivo procedures have resulted in producing safer blood products, yet it remains unclear whether these pathogen-inactivated products have sufficient efficacy. What is more, another significant problem that remains to be more effectively addressed is the developing refractoriness to platelet transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis J Karakatsanis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Hematology Unit, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Stamatis S Papadatos
- b Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- c Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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39
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40
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Sachetto ATA, Rosa JG, Santoro ML. Rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) modulates the hemostatic disturbances and redox imbalance induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006774. [PMID: 30307940 PMCID: PMC6181271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a major Collective Health problem worldwide. In Brazil, Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) evokes hemostatic disturbances, bleeding manifestations, and redox status imbalance. Specific antivenom therapy, although efficacious to revert most snakebite-induced manifestations, is incapable of treating secondary manifestations, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress. Searching for new complementary therapies that could attenuate physiological derangements triggered by envenomation, we elected to test quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) by its potential as both a potent antioxidant and a hemostasis modulatory compound. The activity of rutin was evaluated both on the biological activities of crude BjV in vitro, and in vivo by the ability of rutin (14.4 mg/kg b.w.) to modulate hematological, hemostatic and redox status markers altered by BjV injection (1.6 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) in mice. In vitro, rutin failed to inhibit BjV-induced platelet aggregation and biological activities of major BjV enzymes (metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and L-amino acid oxidases). On the other hand, rutin attenuated local hemorrhage, and the increase in reactive species, prevented the fall in RBC counts and fibrinogen levels, diminished tail bleeding and shortened prothrombin time (PT) evoked by envenomation. Furthermore, rutin reduced tissue factor (TF) activity and altered the protein expression of TF in liver, lungs, heart and skin. In conclusion, the disturbances in redox status and hemostatic system induced by B. jararaca envenomation were modulated by rutin, suggesting it has a great potential to be used as an ancillary therapeutic agent for snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gomes Rosa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Deppermann C, Kubes P. Start a fire, kill the bug: The role of platelets in inflammation and infection. Innate Immun 2018; 24:335-348. [PMID: 30049243 PMCID: PMC6830908 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918789255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the main players in thrombosis and hemostasis; however they also play important roles during inflammation and infection. Through their surface receptors, platelets can directly interact with pathogens and immune cells. Platelets form complexes with neutrophils to modulate their capacities to produce reactive oxygen species or form neutrophil extracellular traps. Furthermore, they release microbicidal factors and cytokines that kill pathogens and influence the immune response, respectively. Platelets also maintain the vascular integrity during inflammation by a mechanism that is different from classical platelet activation. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about how platelets interact with the innate immune system during inflammation and infection and highlight recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Deppermann
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic
Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic
Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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42
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Nicolay JP, Thorn V, Daniel C, Amann K, Siraskar B, Lang F, Hillgruber C, Goerge T, Hoffmann S, Gorzelanny C, Huck V, Mess C, Obser T, Schneppenheim R, Fleming I, Schneider MF, Schneider SW. Cellular stress induces erythrocyte assembly on intravascular von Willebrand factor strings and promotes microangiopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10945. [PMID: 30026593 PMCID: PMC6053440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microangiopathy with subsequent organ damage represents a major complication in several diseases. The mechanisms leading to microvascular occlusion include von Willebrand factor (VWF), notably the formation of ultra-large von Willebrand factor fibers (ULVWFs) and platelet aggregation. To date, the contribution of erythrocytes to vascular occlusion is incompletely clarified. We investigated the platelet-independent interaction between stressed erythrocytes and ULVWFs and its consequences for microcirculation and organ function under dynamic conditions. In response to shear stress, erythrocytes interacted strongly with VWF to initiate the formation of ULVWF/erythrocyte aggregates via the binding of Annexin V to the VWF A1 domain. VWF-erythrocyte adhesion was attenuated by heparin and the VWF-specific protease ADAMTS13. In an in vivo model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, erythrocytes adhered to capillaries of wild-type but not VWF-deficient mice and later resulted in less renal damage. In vivo imaging in mice confirmed the adhesion of stressed erythrocytes to the vessel wall. Moreover, enhanced eryptosis rates and increased VWF binding were detected in blood samples from patients with chronic renal failure. Our study demonstrates that stressed erythrocytes have a pronounced binding affinity to ULVWFs. The discovered mechanisms suggest that erythrocytes are essential for the pathogenesis of microangiopathies and renal damage by actively binding to ULVWFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Nicolay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. .,Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Verena Thorn
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carina Hillgruber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Goerge
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoffmann
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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43
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Jadoui S. Spontaneous bleeding in thrombocytopenia: Is it really spontaneous? Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:210-216. [PMID: 30017659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous bleeding is a clinical hallmark of thrombocytopenia and can take multiple forms including petechiae, epistaxis, gum bleeding, or, in worst cases, intracranial hemorrhage. Those bleeding events are called " spontaneous " because they occur in the absence of overt trauma. Spontaneous bleeding manifestations have long been considered to be a direct consequence of low platelet counts. Nevertheless, although low platelet counts may lead to ultrastructural endothelial alterations, those alterations and the associated state of vascular fragility are unlikely sufficient to cause spontaneous rupture of the microvessel wall. Indeed, in addition to endothelial injury, factors capable of damaging the basement membrane are required to allow escape of red blood cells in the extravascular space. Therefore, despite their misleading name, spontaneous bleeding events in thrombocytopenia are most likely provoked and involve subclinical biological processes in which platelets normally intervene to ensure hemostasis. In this review, we discuss past and more recent studies on the possible triggers of spontaneous bleeding events in thrombocytopenia, with a particular focus on the role of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ho-Tin-Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1148 institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Paris, France.
| | - S Jadoui
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, U1148 institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
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44
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Middleton EA, Rondina MT, Schwertz H, Zimmerman GA. Amicus or Adversary Revisited: Platelets in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:18-35. [PMID: 29553813 PMCID: PMC6039872 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0420tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential cellular effectors of hemostasis and contribute to disease as circulating effectors of pathologic thrombosis. These are their most widely known biologic activities. Nevertheless, recent observations demonstrate that platelets have a much more intricate repertoire beyond these traditional functions and that they are specialized for contributions to vascular barrier integrity, organ repair, antimicrobial host defense, inflammation, and activities across the immune continuum. Paradoxically, on the basis of clinical investigations and animal models of disease, some of these newly discovered activities of platelets appear to contribute to tissue injury. Studies in the last decade indicate unique interactions of platelets and their precursor, the megakaryocyte, in the lung and implicate platelets as essential effectors in experimental acute lung injury and clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome. Additional discoveries derived from evolving work will be required to precisely define the contributions of platelets to complex subphenotypes of acute lung injury and to determine if these remarkable and versatile blood cells are therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Middleton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hansjorg Schwertz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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45
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Boulaftali Y, Mawhin M, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. Glycoprotein VI in securing vascular integrity in inflamed vessels. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:228-239. [PMID: 30046725 PMCID: PMC5974920 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagen, has been shown to play a central role in various models of thrombosis, and to be a minor actor of hemostasis at sites of trauma. These observations have made of GPVI a novel target for antithrombotic therapy, as its inhibition would ideally combine efficacy with safety. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that GPVI could play an important role in preventing bleeding caused by neutrophils in the inflamed skin and lungs. Remarkably, there is evidence that the GPVI-dependent hemostatic function of platelets at the acute phase of inflammation in these organs does not involve aggregation. From a therapeutic perspective, the vasculoprotective action of GPVI in inflammation suggests that blocking of GPVI might bear some risks of bleeding at sites of neutrophil infiltration. In this review, we summarize recent findings on GPVI functions in inflammation and discuss their possible clinical implications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Anne Mawhin
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Jandrot‐Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Benoît Ho‐Tin‐Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
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46
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Abstract
Platelets patrol the vasculature and adhere at sites of vascular damage after trauma to limit blood loss. In recent years, however, it has become clear that platelets also contribute to pathophysiologic processes such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, stroke, sepsis and many more. An exciting new role for them is in non-classical hemostasis to prevent bleeding in the inflamed vasculature. Recent studies suggest that GPVI, CLEC-2, integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa), and the content of platelet α- and dense granules are important players in this process. This review summarizes the current knowledge about how platelets prevent vascular integrity during inflammation in the skin, lung, and the ischemic brain and their organ-specific role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Deppermann
- a Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
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47
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Rayes J, Jadoui S, Lax S, Gros A, Wichaiyo S, Ollivier V, Denis CV, Ware J, Nieswandt B, Jandrot-Perrus M, Watson SP, Ho-Tin-Noé B. The contribution of platelet glycoprotein receptors to inflammatory bleeding prevention is stimulus and organ dependent. Haematologica 2018; 103:e256-e258. [PMID: 29419432 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Soumaya Jadoui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, France
| | - Siân Lax
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Angèle Gros
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, France
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jerry Ware
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Chair of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Germany
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, France
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1148, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Bichat, France
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48
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Bergmeier W, Stefanini L. Platelets at the Vascular Interface. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:27-33. [PMID: 29457148 PMCID: PMC5810953 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this brief review paper, we will summarize the State-of-the-Art on how platelet reactivity is regulated in circulation and at sites of vascular injury. Our review discusses recent and ongoing work, presented at this year's International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) meeting, on the role of platelets in (1) classical hemostasis at sites of mechanical injury, and (2) the maintenance of vascular integrity at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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49
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Platelets and vascular integrity: how platelets prevent bleeding in inflammation. Blood 2017; 131:277-288. [PMID: 29191915 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-742676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in primary hemostasis by forming aggregates that plug holes in injured vessels. Half a century ago, detailed studies of the microvasculature by electron microscopy revealed that under inflammatory conditions that do not induce major disruption to vascular structure, individual platelets are mobilized to the vessel wall, where they interact with leukocytes and appear to seal gaps that arise between endothelial cells. Recent developments in genetic engineering and intravital microscopy have allowed further molecular and temporal characterization of these events. Surprisingly, it turns out that platelets support the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. In parallel, however, they exercise their hemostatic function by securing the integrity of inflamed blood vessels to prevent bleeding from sites of leukocyte infiltration. It thus appears that platelets not only serve in concert as building blocks of the hemostatic plug but also act individually as gatekeepers of the vascular wall to help preserve vascular integrity while coordinating host defense. Variants of this recently appreciated hemostatic function of platelets that we refer to as "inflammation-associated hemostasis" are engaged in different contexts in which the endothelium is challenged or dysfunctional. Although the distinguishing characteristics of these variants and the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis remain to be fully elucidated, they can differ notably from those supporting thrombosis, thus presenting therapeutic opportunities.
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50
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Platelet glycoprotein VI aids in local immunity during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Blood 2017; 131:864-876. [PMID: 29187378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-788067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and podoplanin receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) are receptors implicated in platelet activation that both signal via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Platelets are necessary for host defense and prevention of hemorrhage during sepsis, but the role of platelet GPVI and CLEC2 herein is unknown. To investigate this, we infected mice depleted of platelet GPVI or CLEC2 by antibody treatment or GPVI-/- mice with the common human sepsis pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways to induce pneumonia-derived sepsis. The GPVI ligand collagen and the CLEC2 ligand podoplanin were constitutively present in the lung, whereas the GPVI ligands fibrin and histone were induced during pneumonia. During late-stage infection, both mice depleted of GPVI and GPVI-/- mice showed increased bacterial growth in lungs, and GPVI-/- mice also showed increased bacterial growth in distant body sites. Despite higher bacterial loads, GPVI-depleted mice showed reduced platelet numbers, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte complex formation in the bronchoalveolar space. Consistently, in human whole blood, GPVI stimulation of platelets increased platelet-leukocyte complex formation and leukocyte activation, which was accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis of Klebsiella GPVI-depleted mice showed increased lung hemorrhage during infection, but not to the extent observed in platelet-depleted mice, and lung bleeding was not significantly different between GPVI-/- and wild-type mice. CLEC2 depletion did not affect any of the responses during pneumonia. These results suggest that platelet GPVI, but not CLEC2, contributes to local host defense during pneumonia-derived sepsis by enhancing leukocyte function.
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