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Nabekura T. Immunological memory in natural killer cells. Int Immunol 2025:dxaf016. [PMID: 40388217 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaf016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are classified into adaptive and innate immune cells. Adaptive immune cells-i.e. T cells and B cells-respond to pathogens in an antigen-specific manner and then provide immunological memory, contributing to long-term host defense against reinfection. In contrast, innate immune cells promptly respond to pathogens, but they are short-lived and have been thought not to contribute to immunological memory. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes essential for controlling viral infections and cancer. NK cells-which have traditionally been classified as innate immune cells-have recently been revealed as being capable of differentiating into memory NK cells, thus participating in immunological memory, formerly considered to be restricted to adaptive immune cells. Like memory T and B cells, memory NK cells (i) can be long-lived; (ii) display distinct phenotypes from naïve and activated NK cells; (iii) show augmented cellular functions, as compared with naïve NK cells; (iv) have secondary proliferation capacity; and (v) confer an improved host defense when transferred to naïve recipients. Therefore, at least in a broad sense, they fulfill the definition of immunological memory. In this article, I provide an overview of NK cell memory and recent research trends regarding this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nabekura
- Division of Immune Response, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
- Division of Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Samper N, Hardardottir L, Depierreux DM, Song SC, Nakazawa A, Gando I, Nakamura TY, Sharkey AM, Nowosad CR, Feske S, Colucci F, Coetzee WA. Kir6.1, a component of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel, regulates natural killer cell development. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1490250. [PMID: 39687626 PMCID: PMC11646858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Involved in immunity and reproduction, natural killer (NK) cells offer opportunities to develop new immunotherapies to treat infections and cancer or to alleviate pregnancy complications. Most current strategies use cytokines or antibodies to enhance NK-cell function, but none use ion channel modulators, which are widely used in clinical practice to treat hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, and other conditions. Little is known about ion channels in NK cells. Results We show that Kcnj8, which codes for the Kir6.1 subunit of a certain type of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, is highly expressed in murine splenic and uterine NK cells compared to other K+ channels previously identified in NK cells. Kcnj8 expression is highest in the most mature subset of splenic NK cells (CD27-/CD11b+) and in NKG2A+ or Ly49C/I+ educated uterine NK cells. Using patch clamping, we show that a subset of NK cells expresses a current sensitive to the Kir6.1 blocker PNU-37883A. Kcnj8 does not participate in NK cell degranulation in response to tumor cells in vitro or rejection of tumor cells in vivo, or IFN-γ release. Transcriptomics show that genes previously implicated in NK cell development are amongst those differentially expressed in CD27-/CD11b+ NK cells deficient for Kcnj8. Indeed, we found that mice with NK-cell specific Kcnj8 gene ablation have fewer CD27-/CD11b+ and KLRG-1+ NK cells in the bone barrow and spleen. Discussion These results show that the KATP subunit Kir6.1 has a key role in NK-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Samper
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lilja Hardardottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine M. Depierreux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Soomin C. Song
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ayano Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ivan Gando
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tomoe Y. Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Sharkey
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carla R. Nowosad
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Coetzee
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Kokiçi J, Preechanukul A, Arellano-Ballestero H, Gorou F, Peppa D. Emerging Insights into Memory Natural Killer Cells and Clinical Applications. Viruses 2024; 16:1746. [PMID: 39599860 PMCID: PMC11599065 DOI: 10.3390/v16111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can rapidly mount a response to their targets by employing diverse mechanisms. Due to their functional attributes, NK cells have been implicated in anti-viral and anti-tumour immune responses. Although traditionally known to mount non-specific, rapid immune responses, in recent years, the notion of memory NK cells with adaptive features has gained more recognition. Memory NK cells emerge in response to different stimuli, such as viral antigens and specific cytokine combinations. They form distinct populations, accompanied by transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in unique phenotypic and functional attributes. Several clinical trials are testing the efficacy of memory NK cells due to their enhanced functionality, bioenergetic profile and persistence in vivo. The therapeutic potential of NK cells is being harnessed in viral infections, with wider applications in the cancer field. In this review, we summarise the current state of research on the generation of memory NK cells, along with their clinical applications in viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonida Kokiçi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Anucha Preechanukul
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | | | - Frances Gorou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
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Bao K, Gu X, Song Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Yu X, Yuan W, Shi L, Zheng J, Hong M. TCF-1 and TOX regulate the memory formation of intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells in asthma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7850. [PMID: 39245681 PMCID: PMC11381517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune memory has been expanded to group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but the cellular and molecular bases remain incompletely understood. Based on house dust mite (HDM)-induced mice asthma models and human samples, we applied flow cytometry, parabiosis, in vivo imaging and adoptive transplantation to confirm the persistence, migration and function of CD45+lineage-CD90.2+NK1.1-NKp46-ST2-KLRG1+IL-17RB+ memory-like ILC2s (ml-ILC2s). Regulated by CCR9/CCL25 and S1P signaling, ml-ILC2s reside in the lamina propria of small intestines (siLP) in asthma remission, and subsequently move to airway upon re-encountering antigens or alarmins. Furthermore, ml-ILC2s possess properties of longevity, potential of rapid proliferation and producing IL-13, and display transcriptional characteristics with up-regulation of Tox and Tcf-7. ml-ILC2s transplantation restore the asthmatic changes abrogated by Tox and Tcf7 knockdown. Our data identify siLP ml-ILC2s as a memory-like subset, which promotes asthma relapse. Targeting TCF-1 and TOX might be promising for preventing asthma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yajun Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Nanjing Haikerui Pharmaceutical Technology Co., LTD, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiyuan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Samper N, Harðardóttir L, Depierreux DM, Song SC, Nakazawa A, Gando I, Nakamura TY, Sharkey AM, Nowosad CR, Feske S, Colucci F, Coetzee WA. Kir6.1, a component of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel, regulates natural killer cell development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.608003. [PMID: 39211194 PMCID: PMC11361148 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.608003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Involved in immunity and reproduction, natural killer (NK) cells offer opportunities to develop new immunotherapies to treat infections and cancer or to alleviate pregnancy complications. Most current strategies use cytokines or antibodies to enhance NK-cell function, but none use ion channel modulators, which are widely used in clinical practice to treat hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, and other conditions. Little is known about ion channels in NK cells. We show that Kcnj8, which codes for the Kir6.1 subunit of a certain type of ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel, is highly expressed in murine splenic and uterine NK cells compared to other K + channels previously identified in NK cells. Kcnj8 expression is highest in the most mature subset of splenic NK cells (CD27 - CD11b + ) and in NKG2A + or Ly49C/I + educated uterine NK cells. Using patch clamping, we show that a subset of NK cells expresses a current sensitive to the Kir6.1 blocker PNU-37883A. Kcnj8 does not participate in NK cell degranulation in response to tumor cells in vitro or rejection of tumor cells in vivo . Transcriptomics show that genes previously implicated in NK cell development are amongst those differentially expressed in CD27 - CD11b + NK cells deficient of Kcnj8 . Indeed, we found that mice with NK-cell specific Kcnj8 gene ablation have fewer CD11b + CD27 - and KLRG-1 + NK cells in the bone barrow and spleen. These results show that the K ATP subunit Kir6.1 has a key role in NK-cell development.
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Delconte RB, Owyong M, Santosa EK, Srpan K, Sheppard S, McGuire TJ, Abbasi A, Diaz-Salazar C, Chun J, Rogatsky I, Hsu KC, Jordan S, Merad M, Sun JC. Fasting reshapes tissue-specific niches to improve NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:1923-1938.e7. [PMID: 38878769 PMCID: PMC11684419 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Fasting is associated with improved outcomes in cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of fasting on natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor immunity. Cyclic fasting improved immunity against solid and metastatic tumors in an NK cell-dependent manner. During fasting, NK cells underwent redistribution from peripheral tissues to the bone marrow (BM). In humans, fasting also reduced circulating NK cell numbers. NK cells in the spleen of fasted mice were metabolically rewired by elevated concentrations of fatty acids and glucocorticoids, augmenting fatty acid metabolism via increased expression of the enzyme CPT1A, and Cpt1a deletion impaired NK cell survival and function in this setting. In parallel, redistribution of NK cells to the BM during fasting required the trafficking mediators S1PR5 and CXCR4. These cells were primed by an increased pool of interleukin (IL)-12-expressing BM myeloid cells, which improved IFN-γ production. Our findings identify a link between dietary restriction and optimized innate immune responses, with the potential to enhance immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mark Owyong
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Endi K Santosa
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katja Srpan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomi J McGuire
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Roe K. Immunoregulatory natural killer cells. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:117896. [PMID: 38583553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses a broader scope of functional roles for NK cells. Despite the well-known cytolytic and inflammatory roles of NK cells against tumors and pathogenic diseases, extensive evidence demonstrates certain subsets of NK cells have defacto immunoregulatory effects and have a role in inducing anergy or lysis of antigen-activated T cells and regulating several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests certain subsets of immunoregulatory NK cells can cause anergy or lysis of antigen-activated T cells to regulate hyperinflammatory diseases, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Several pathogens induce T cell and NK cell exhaustion and/or suppression, which impair the immune system's control of the replication speed of virulent pathogens and tumors and result in extensive antigens and antigen-antibody immune complexes, potentially inducing to some extent a Type III hypersensitivity immune reaction. The Type III hypersensitivity immune reaction induces immune cell secretion of proteinases, which can cleave specific proteins to create autoantigens which activate T cells to initiate autoimmune and/or hyperinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, pathogen induced NK cell exhaustion and/or suppression will inhibit NK cells which would have induced the anergy or lysis of activated T cells to regulate autoimmune and hyperinflammatory diseases. Autoimmune and hyperinflammatory diseases can be consequences of the dual lymphocyte exhaustion and/or suppression effects during infections, by creating autoimmune and/or hyperinflammatory diseases, while also impairing immunoregulatory lymphocytes which otherwise would have regulated these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- Retired USPTO, San Jose, CA, United States of America.
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Schuster IS, Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA. Tissue-resident memory NK cells: Homing in on local effectors and regulators. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:54-60. [PMID: 38568046 PMCID: PMC11102295 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the prototype innate effector lymphocyte population that plays an important role in controlling viral infections and tumors. Studies demonstrating that NK cells form long-lived memory populations, akin to those generated by adaptive immune cells, prompted a revaluation of the potential functions of NK cells. Recent data demonstrating that NK cells are recruited from the circulation into tissues where they form long-lived memory-like populations further emphasize that NK cells have properties that mirror those of adaptive immune cells. NK cells that localize in non-lymphoid tissues are heterogeneous, and there is a growing appreciation that immune responses occurring within tissues are subject to tissue-specific regulation. Here we discuss both the immune effector and immunoregulatory functions of NK cells, with a particular emphasis on the role of NK cells within non-lymphoid tissues and how the tissue microenvironment shapes NK cell-dependent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona S Schuster
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University; Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute; Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University; Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute; Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University; Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute; Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Rückert T, Romagnani C. Extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of natural killer cell clonality. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:80-106. [PMID: 38506411 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes is the fundamental mechanism enabling potent adaptive immune responses and the generation of immune memory. Accompanied by pronounced epigenetic remodeling, the massive proliferation of individual cells generates a critical mass of effectors for the control of acute infections, as well as a pool of memory cells protecting against future pathogen encounters. Classically associated with the adaptive immune system, recent work has demonstrated that innate immune memory to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is stably maintained as large clonal expansions of natural killer (NK) cells, raising questions on the mechanisms for clonal selection and expansion in the absence of re-arranged antigen receptors. Here, we discuss clonal NK cell memory in the context of the mechanisms underlying clonal competition of adaptive lymphocytes and propose alternative selection mechanisms that might decide on the clonal success of their innate counterparts. We propose that the integration of external cues with cell-intrinsic sources of heterogeneity, such as variegated receptor expression, transcriptional states, and somatic variants, compose a bottleneck for clonal selection, contributing to the large size of memory NK cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rückert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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Sheppard S, Srpan K, Lin W, Lee M, Delconte RB, Owyong M, Carmeliet P, Davis DM, Xavier JB, Hsu KC, Sun JC. Fatty acid oxidation fuels natural killer cell responses against infection and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319254121. [PMID: 38442180 PMCID: PMC10945797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319254121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital part of the innate immune system capable of rapidly clearing mutated or infected cells from the body and promoting an immune response. Here, we find that NK cells activated by viral infection or tumor challenge increase uptake of fatty acids and their expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1A), a critical enzyme for long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Using a mouse model with an NK cell-specific deletion of CPT1A, combined with stable 13C isotope tracing, we observe reduced mitochondrial function and fatty acid-derived aspartate production in CPT1A-deficient NK cells. Furthermore, CPT1A-deficient NK cells show reduced proliferation after viral infection and diminished protection against cancer due to impaired actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Together, our findings highlight that fatty acid oxidation promotes NK cell metabolic resilience, processes that can be optimized in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Srpan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Wendy Lin
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Mariah Lee
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Rebecca B. Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Mark Owyong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Daniel M. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joao B. Xavier
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065
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Annis JL, Duncan JBW, Billcheck HO, Kuzma AG, Crittenden RB, Brown MG. Multiple Immune and Genetic Mechanisms Contribute to Cmv5s-Driven Susceptibility and Tissue Damage during Acute Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:813-824. [PMID: 38224204 PMCID: PMC10922835 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The MHC class I molecule H-2Dk conveys resistance to acute murine CMV infection in both C57L (H-2Dk transgenic) and MA/My mice. M.H2k/b mice are on an MA/My background aside from a C57L-derived region spanning the MHC (Cmv5s), which diminishes this resistance and causes significant spleen histopathology. To hone in on the effector elements within the Cmv5s interval, we generated several Cmv5-recombinant congenic mouse strains and screened them in vivo, allowing us to narrow the phenotype-associated interval >6-fold and segment the genetic mechanism to at least two independent loci within the MHC region. In addition, we sought to further characterize the Cmv5s-associated phenotypes in their temporal appearance and potential direct relationship to viral load. To this end, we found that Cmv5s histopathology and NK cell activation could not be fully mirrored in the MA/My mice with increased viral dose, and that marginal zone destruction was the first apparent Cmv5s phenotype, being reliably quantified as early as 2 d postinfection in the M.H2k/b mice, prior to divergence in viral load, weight loss, or NK cell phenotype. Finally, we further dissect NK cell involvement, finding no intrinsic differences in NK cell function, despite increased upregulation of activation markers and checkpoint receptors. In conclusion, these data dissect the genetic and immunologic underpinnings of Cmv5 and reveal a model in which polymorphism within the MHC region of the genome leads to the development of tissue damage and corrupts protective NK cell immunity during acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Annis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Benjamin W. Duncan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen O. Billcheck
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna G. Kuzma
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rowena B. Crittenden
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael G. Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Horta AL, Gigley J, Boutet M, Lavau G, Weiss LM, Huang H. Memory-like NK Cells Are a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:617-631. [PMID: 38197653 PMCID: PMC10872457 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a major public health issue. The available therapeutic agents have limited efficacy and significant side effects. A reliable vaccine would reduce the threat of T. cruzi infections and prevent Chagas disease. Understanding the immune response to this infection would improve vaccine design. We previously demonstrated that adoptively transferred NK cells from mice immunized with highly attenuated T. cruzi, GFP-DDDHA strain, provided potent protection in naive recipients against secondary lethal challenge with various wild-type (WT) strains. To understand the importance of NK cells in protecting mice against T. cruzi infection, we performed an in-depth characterization of NK cell phenotype, responses, and memory-like traits during acute infections due to GFP-DDDHA and WT strains and in immunized mice during a recall response to a WT lethal challenge. NK cells robustly expanded and became more mature and cytolytic during the GFP-DDDHA strain immunization. NK cells in immunized mice responded more robustly after WT lethal challenge than during an acute primary WT infection. In addition, protection by immunization with the GFP-DDDHA strain is significantly weakened in NK cell-deficient mice and did not prevent parasitemia from WT lethal challenge, indicating that NK cells with memory-like traits were a critical component for early control of WT lethal challenge. Prior T. cruzi vaccine development studies have not included studies of this rapid NK response. These findings provide insights into overcoming existing challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine to prevent this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline L. Horta
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Marie Boutet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregoire Lavau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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13
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Torcellan T, Friedrich C, Doucet-Ladevèze R, Ossner T, Solé VV, Riedmann S, Ugur M, Imdahl F, Rosshart SP, Arnold SJ, Gomez de Agüero M, Gagliani N, Flavell RA, Backes S, Kastenmüller W, Gasteiger G. Circulating NK cells establish tissue residency upon acute infection of skin and mediate accelerated effector responses to secondary infection. Immunity 2024; 57:124-140.e7. [PMID: 38157853 PMCID: PMC10783803 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are present in the circulation and can also be found residing in tissues, and these populations exhibit distinct developmental requirements and are thought to differ in terms of ontogeny. Here, we investigate whether circulating conventional NK (cNK) cells can develop into long-lived tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells following acute infections. We found that viral and bacterial infections of the skin triggered the recruitment of cNK cells and their differentiation into Tcf1hiCD69hi trNK cells that share transcriptional similarity with CD56brightTCF1hi NK cells in human tissues. Skin trNK cells arose from interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells and required restricted expression of the transcriptional regulator Blimp1 to optimize Tcf1-dependent trNK cell formation. Upon secondary infection, trNK cells rapidly gained effector function and mediated an accelerated NK cell response. Thus, cNK cells redistribute and permanently position at sites of previous infection via a mechanism promoting tissue residency that is distinct from Hobit-dependent developmental paths of NK cells and ILC1 seeding tissues during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Torcellan
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rémi Doucet-Ladevèze
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics, and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Virgínia Visaconill Solé
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sofie Riedmann
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Simone Backes
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Nabekura T, Deborah EA, Tahara S, Arai Y, Love PE, Kako K, Fukamizu A, Muratani M, Shibuya A. Themis2 regulates natural killer cell memory function and formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7200. [PMID: 37938555 PMCID: PMC10632368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. Although natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells important for the immediate host defence, they can differentiate into memory NK cells. The molecular mechanisms controlling this differentiation are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we identify the scaffold protein Themis2 as a critical regulator of memory NK cell differentiation and function. Themis2-deficient NK cells expressing Ly49H, an activating NK receptor for the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) antigen m157, show enhanced differentiation into memory NK cells and augment host protection against MCMV infection. Themis2 inhibits the effector function of NK cells after stimulation of Ly49H and multiple activating NK receptors, though not specific to memory NK cells. Mechanistically, Themis2 suppresses Ly49H signalling by attenuating ZAP70/Syk phosphorylation, and it also translocates to the nucleus, where it promotes Zfp740-mediated repression to regulate the persistence of memory NK cells. Zfp740 deficiency increases the number of memory NK cells and enhances the effector function of memory NK cells, which further supports the relevance of the Themis2-Zfp740 pathway. In conclusion, our study shows that Themis2 quantitatively and qualitatively regulates NK cell memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Elfira Amalia Deborah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Saeko Tahara
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuya Arai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- College of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Paul E Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Koichiro Kako
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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15
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Asahi T, Abe S, Cui G, Shimba A, Nabekura T, Miyachi H, Kitano S, Ohira K, Dijkstra JM, Miyazaki M, Shibuya A, Ohno H, Ikuta K. Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells lacking IL-7 receptor are a native killer cell subset fostered by parenchymal niches. eLife 2023; 12:e84209. [PMID: 37352115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs), including circulating natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), are innate immune sentinels critical for responses against infection and cancer. In contrast to relatively uniform NK cells through the body, diverse ILC1 subsets have been characterized across and within tissues in mice, but their developmental and functional heterogeneity remain unsolved. Here, using multimodal in vivo approaches including fate-mapping and targeting of the interleukin 15 (IL-15)-producing microenvironment, we demonstrate that liver parenchymal niches support the development of a cytotoxic ILC1 subset lacking IL-7 receptor (7 R- ILC1s). During ontogeny, fetal liver (FL) G1-ILCs arise perivascularly and then differentiate into 7 R- ILC1s within sinusoids. Hepatocyte-derived IL-15 supports parenchymal development of FL G1-ILCs to maintain adult pool of 7 R- ILC1s. IL-7R+ (7R+) ILC1s in the liver, candidate precursors for 7 R- ILC1s, are not essential for 7 R- ILC1 development in physiological conditions. Functionally, 7 R- ILC1s exhibit killing activity at steady state through granzyme B expression, which is underpinned by constitutive mTOR activity, unlike NK cells with exogenous stimulation-dependent cytotoxicity. Our study reveals the unique ontogeny and functions of liver-specific ILC1s, providing a detailed interpretation of ILC1 heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Asahi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guangwei Cui
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Ohira
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Schuster IS, Sng XYX, Lau CM, Powell DR, Weizman OE, Fleming P, Neate GEG, Voigt V, Sheppard S, Maraskovsky AI, Daly S, Koyama M, Hill GR, Turner SJ, O'Sullivan TE, Sun JC, Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA. Infection induces tissue-resident memory NK cells that safeguard tissue health. Immunity 2023; 56:531-546.e6. [PMID: 36773607 PMCID: PMC10360410 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue health is dictated by the capacity to respond to perturbations and then return to homeostasis. Mechanisms that initiate, maintain, and regulate immune responses in tissues are therefore essential. Adaptive immunity plays a key role in these responses, with memory and tissue residency being cardinal features. A corresponding role for innate cells is unknown. Here, we have identified a population of innate lymphocytes that we term tissue-resident memory-like natural killer (NKRM) cells. In response to murine cytomegalovirus infection, we show that circulating NK cells were recruited in a CX3CR1-dependent manner to the salivary glands where they formed NKRM cells, a long-lived, tissue-resident population that prevented autoimmunity via TRAIL-dependent elimination of CD4+ T cells. Thus, NK cells develop adaptive-like features, including long-term residency in non-lymphoid tissues, to modulate inflammation, restore immune equilibrium, and preserve tissue health. Modulating the functions of NKRM cells may provide additional strategies to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona S Schuster
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Xavier Y X Sng
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Fleming
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Georgia E G Neate
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Valentina Voigt
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas I Maraskovsky
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sheridan Daly
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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17
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Rückert T, Lareau CA, Mashreghi MF, Ludwig LS, Romagnani C. Clonal expansion and epigenetic inheritance of long-lasting NK cell memory. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1551-1563. [PMID: 36289449 PMCID: PMC9663309 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of cells with somatically diversified receptors and their long-term maintenance as memory cells is a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Here, we studied pathogen-specific adaptation within the innate immune system, tracking natural killer (NK) cell memory to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Leveraging single-cell multiomic maps of ex vivo NK cells and somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations as endogenous barcodes, we reveal substantial clonal expansion of adaptive NK cells in HCMV+ individuals. NK cell clonotypes were characterized by a convergent inflammatory memory signature enriched for AP1 motifs superimposed on a private set of clone-specific accessible chromatin regions. NK cell clones were stably maintained in specific epigenetic states over time, revealing that clonal inheritance of chromatin accessibility shapes the epigenetic memory repertoire. Together, we identify clonal expansion and persistence within the human innate immune system, suggesting that these mechanisms have evolved independent of antigen-receptor diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), ein Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), ein Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), ein Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz-Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Krasniewski LK, Chakraborty P, Cui CY, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Dunn C, Piao Y, Fan J, Shi C, Wallace T, Nguyen C, Rathbun IA, Munk R, Tsitsipatis D, De S, Sen P, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Single-cell analysis of skeletal muscle macrophages reveals age-associated functional subpopulations. eLife 2022; 11:e77974. [PMID: 36259488 PMCID: PMC9629833 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages represent a group of highly responsive innate immune cells that acquire diverse functions by polarizing toward distinct subpopulations. The subpopulations of macrophages that reside in skeletal muscle (SKM) and their changes during aging are poorly characterized. By single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unsupervised clustering, we found 11 distinct macrophage clusters in male mouse SKM with enriched gene expression programs linked to reparative, proinflammatory, phagocytic, proliferative, and senescence-associated functions. Using a complementary classification, membrane markers LYVE1 and MHCII identified four macrophage subgroups: LYVE1-/MHCIIhi (M1-like, classically activated), LYVE1+/MHCIIlo (M2-like, alternatively activated), and two new subgroups, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi and LYVE1-/MHCIIlo. Notably, one new subgroup, LYVE1+/MHCIIhi, had traits of both M2 and M1 macrophages, while the other new subgroup, LYVE1-/MHCIIlo, displayed strong phagocytic capacity. Flow cytometric analysis validated the presence of the four macrophage subgroups in SKM and found that LYVE1- macrophages were more abundant than LYVE1+ macrophages in old SKM. A striking increase in proinflammatory markers (S100a8 and S100a9 mRNAs) and senescence-related markers (Gpnmb and Spp1 mRNAs) was evident in macrophage clusters from older mice. In sum, we have identified dynamically polarized SKM macrophages and propose that specific macrophage subpopulations contribute to the proinflammatory and senescent traits of old SKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Krasniewski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Papiya Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Changyou Shi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tonya Wallace
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Isabelle A Rathbun
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Payel Sen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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19
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Sparano C, Solís-Sayago D, Vijaykumar A, Rickenbach C, Vermeer M, Ingelfinger F, Litscher G, Fonseca A, Mussak C, Mayoux M, Friedrich C, Nombela-Arrieta C, Gasteiger G, Becher B, Tugues S. Embryonic and neonatal waves generate distinct populations of hepatic ILC1s. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo6641. [PMID: 36054340 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprising circulating natural killer (cNK) cells and tissue-resident ILC1s are critical for host defense against pathogens and tumors. Despite a growing understanding of their role in homeostasis and disease, the ontogeny of group 1 ILCs remains largely unknown. Here, we used fate mapping and single-cell transcriptomics to comprehensively investigate the origin and turnover of murine group 1 ILCs. Whereas cNK cells are continuously replaced throughout life, we uncovered tissue-dependent development and turnover of ILC1s. A first wave of ILC1s emerges during embryogenesis in the liver and transiently colonizes fetal tissues. After birth, a second wave quickly replaces ILC1s in most tissues apart from the liver, where they layer with embryonic ILC1s, persist until adulthood, and undergo a specific developmental program. Whereas embryonically derived ILC1s give rise to a cytotoxic subset, the neonatal wave establishes the full spectrum of ILC1s. Our findings uncover key ontogenic features of murine group 1 ILCs and their association with cellular identities and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sparano
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darío Solís-Sayago
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anjali Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Rickenbach
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijne Vermeer
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gioana Litscher
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Fonseca
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Mussak
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maud Mayoux
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Potempa M, Aguilar OA, Gonzalez-Hinojosa MDR, Tenvooren I, Marquez DM, Spitzer MH, Lanier LL. Influence of Self-MHC Class I Recognition on the Dynamics of NK Cell Responses to Cytomegalovirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1742-1754. [PMID: 35321880 PMCID: PMC8976824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although interactions between inhibitory Ly49 receptors and their self-MHC class I ligands in C57BL/6 mice are known to limit NK cell proliferation during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, we created a 36-marker mass cytometry (CyTOF) panel to investigate how these inhibitory receptors impact the NK cell response to MCMV in other phenotypically measurable ways. More than two thirds of licensed NK cells (i.e., those expressing Ly49C, Ly49I, or both) in uninfected mice had already differentiated into NK cells with phenotypes indicative of Ag encounter (KLRG1+Ly6C-) or memory-like status (KLRG1+Ly6C+). These pre-existing KLRG1+Ly6C+ NK cells resembled known Ag-specific memory NK cell populations in being less responsive to IL-18 and IFN-α stimulation in vitro and by selecting for NK cell clones with elevated expression of a Ly49 receptor. During MCMV infection, the significant differences between licensed and unlicensed (Ly49C-Ly49I-) NK cells disappeared within both CMV-specific (Ly49H+) and nonspecific (Ly49H-) responses. This lack of heterogeneity carried into the memory phase, with only a difference in CD16 expression manifesting between licensed and unlicensed MCMV-specific memory NK cell populations. Our results suggest that restricting proliferation is the predominant effect licensing has on the NK cell population during MCMV infection, but the inhibitory Ly49-MHC interactions that take place ahead of infection contribute to their limited expansion by shrinking the pool of licensed NK cells capable of robustly responding to new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Potempa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Maria D R Gonzalez-Hinojosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Diana M Marquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
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21
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Lee SE, Rudd BD, Smith NL. Fate-mapping mice: new tools and technology for immune discovery. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:195-209. [PMID: 35094945 PMCID: PMC8882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fate-mapping mouse has become an essential tool in the immunologist's toolbox. Although traditionally used by developmental biologists to trace the origins of cells, immunologists are turning to fate-mapping to better understand the development and function of immune cells. Thus, an expansion in the variety of fate-mapping mouse models has occurred to answer fundamental questions about the immune system. These models are also being combined with new genetic tools to study cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize different types of fate-mapping mice and describe emerging technologies that might allow immunologists to leverage this valuable tool and expand our functional knowledge of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett E Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Norah L Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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22
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Wu Z, Park S, Lau CM, Zhong Y, Sheppard S, Sun JC, Das J, Altan-Bonnet G, Hsu KC. Dynamic variability in SHP-1 abundance determines natural killer cell responsiveness. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe5380. [PMID: 34752140 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Soo Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi Zhong
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pelotonia Institute of ImmunoOncology, Wexner College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Biophysics Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Wiedemann GM, Santosa EK, Grassmann S, Sheppard S, Le Luduec JB, Adams NM, Dang C, Hsu KC, Sun JC, Lau CM. Deconvoluting global cytokine signaling networks in natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:627-638. [PMID: 33859404 PMCID: PMC8476180 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins is crucial for optimal antiviral responses of natural killer (NK) cells. However, the pleiotropic effects of both cytokine and STAT signaling preclude the ability to precisely attribute molecular changes to specific cytokine-STAT modules. Here, we employed a multi-omics approach to deconstruct and rebuild the complex interaction of multiple cytokine signaling pathways in NK cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and homeostatic cytokines formed a cooperative axis to commonly regulate global gene expression and to further repress expression induced by type I interferon signaling. These cytokines mediated distinct modes of epigenetic regulation via STAT proteins, and collective signaling best recapitulated global antiviral responses. The most dynamically responsive genes were conserved across humans and mice, which included a cytokine-STAT-induced cross-regulatory program. Thus, an intricate crosstalk exists between cytokine signaling pathways, which governs NK cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Wiedemann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Endi K. Santosa
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celeste Dang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.C.S. or C.M.L. ;
| | - Colleen M. Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.C.S. or C.M.L. ;
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24
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells have been recognized over the last decade for their ability to undergo adaptive immune processes, including antigen-driven clonal expansion and generation of long-lived memory. This review presents an overview of how NK cells lithely partake in both innate and adaptive responses and how this versatility is manifest in human NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mujal
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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25
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Sheppard S, Sun JC. Virus-specific NK cell memory. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211913. [PMID: 33755720 PMCID: PMC7992500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells express a limited number of germline-encoded receptors that identify infected or transformed cells, eliciting cytotoxicity, effector cytokine production, and in some circumstances clonal proliferation and memory. To maximize the functional diversity of NK cells, the array and expression level of surface receptors vary between individual NK cell “clones” in mice and humans. Cytomegalovirus infection in both species can expand a population of NK cells expressing receptors critical to the clearance of infected cells and generate a long-lived memory pool capable of targeting future infection with greater efficacy. Here, we discuss the pathways and factors that regulate the generation and maintenance of effector and memory NK cells and propose how this understanding may be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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26
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Jensen IJ, McGonagill PW, Butler NS, Harty JT, Griffith TS, Badovinac VP. NK Cell-Derived IL-10 Supports Host Survival during Sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1171-1180. [PMID: 33514512 PMCID: PMC7946778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulated sepsis-induced cytokine storm evoked during systemic infection consists of biphasic and interconnected pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The contrasting inflammatory cytokine responses determine the severity of the septic event, lymphopenia, host survival, and the ensuing long-lasting immunoparalysis state. NK cells, because of their capacity to elaborate pro- (i.e., IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (i.e., IL-10) responses, exist at the inflection of sepsis-induced inflammatory responses. Thus, NK cell activity could be beneficial or detrimental during sepsis. In this study, we demonstrate that murine NK cells promote host survival during sepsis by limiting the scope and duration of the cytokine storm. Specifically, NK cell-derived IL-10, produced in response to IL-15, is relevant to clinical manifestations in septic patients and critical for survival during sepsis. This role of NK cells demonstrates that regulatory mechanisms of classical inflammatory cells are beneficial and critical for controlling systemic inflammation, a notion relevant for therapeutic interventions during dysregulated infection-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Noah S Butler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - John T Harty
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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27
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Arnesen H, Knutsen LE, Hognestad BW, Johansen GM, Bemark M, Pabst O, Storset AK, Boysen P. A Model System for Feralizing Laboratory Mice in Large Farmyard-Like Pens. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:615661. [PMID: 33505381 PMCID: PMC7830425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice are typically housed under extremely clean laboratory conditions, far removed from the natural lifestyle of a free-living mouse. There is a risk that this isolation from real-life conditions may lead to poor translatability and misinterpretation of results. We and others have shown that feral mice as well as laboratory mice exposed to naturalistic environments harbor a more diverse gut microbiota and display an activated immunological phenotype compared to hygienic laboratory mice. We here describe a naturalistic indoors housing system for mice, representing a farmyard-type habitat typical for house mice. Large open pens were installed with soil and domestic animal feces, creating a highly diverse microbial environment and providing space and complexity allowing for natural behavior. Laboratory C57BL/6 mice were co-housed in this system together with wild-caught feral mice, included as a source of murine microbionts. We found that mice feralized in this manner displayed a gut microbiota structure similar to their feral cohabitants, such as higher relative content of Firmicutes and enrichment of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, the immunophenotype of feralized mice approached that of feral mice, with elevated levels of memory T-cells and late-stage NK cells compared to laboratory-housed control mice, indicating antigenic experience and immune training. The dietary elements presented in the mouse pens could only moderately explain changes in microbial colonization, and none of the immunological changes. In conclusion, this system enables various types of studies using genetically controlled mice on the background of adaptation to a high diversity microbial environment and a lifestyle natural for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Arnesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Linn Emilie Knutsen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Preben Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Fisher MA, Lloyd ML. A Review of Murine Cytomegalovirus as a Model for Human Cytomegalovirus Disease-Do Mice Lie? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010214. [PMID: 33379272 PMCID: PMC7795257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was first described in 1954, it has been used to model human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) diseases. MCMV is a natural pathogen of mice that is present in wild mice populations and has been associated with diseases such as myocarditis. The species-specific nature of HCMV restricts most research to cell culture-based studies or to the investigation of non-invasive clinical samples, which may not be ideal for the study of disseminated disease. Initial MCMV research used a salivary gland-propagated virus administered via different routes of inoculation into a variety of mouse strains. This revealed that the genetic background of the laboratory mice affected the severity of disease and altered the extent of subsequent pathology. The advent of genetically modified mice and viruses has allowed new aspects of disease to be modeled and the opportunistic nature of HCMV infection to be confirmed. This review describes the different ways that MCMV has been used to model HCMV diseases and explores the continuing difficulty faced by researchers attempting to model HCMV congenital cytomegalovirus disease using the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Fisher
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Megan L. Lloyd
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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29
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Adams NM, Diaz-Salazar C, Dang C, Lanier LL, Sun JC. Cutting Edge: Heterogeneity in Cell Age Contributes to Functional Diversity of NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:465-470. [PMID: 33443057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity among naive adaptive lymphocytes determines their individual functions and fate decisions during an immune response. NK cells are innate lymphocytes capable of generating "adaptive" responses during infectious challenges. However, the factors that govern various NK cell functions are not fully understood. In this study, we use a reporter mouse model to permanently "time stamp" NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) to characterize the dynamics of their homeostatic turnover. We found that the homeostatic turnover of tissue-resident ILC1s is much slower than that of circulating NK cells. NK cell homeostatic turnover is further accelerated without the transcription factor Eomes. Finally, heterogeneity in NK cell age diversifies NK cell function, with "older" NK cells exhibiting more potent IFN-γ production to activating stimuli and more robust adaptive responses during CMV infection. These results provide insight into how the functional response of an NK cell varies over its lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Celeste Dang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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30
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Type 1 innate lymphoid cells: Soldiers at the front line of immunity. Biomed J 2020; 44:115-122. [PMID: 33839081 PMCID: PMC8178574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident innate lymphocytes that have functions to protect the hosts against pathogens and that regulate tissue inflammation and homeostasis. ILC subsets rapidly produce particular cytokines in response to infection, inflammation, and tissue injury at the local environment. Type 1 ILCs (ILC1s) promptly and abundantly produce interferon (IFN)-γ but lack appreciable cytotoxic activity. ILC1s share many phenotypic, developmental, and functional characteristics with natural killer (NK) cells, which are circulating innate lymphocytes with potent natural cytotoxicity. However, recent studies have established ILC1s as distinct from NK cells. ILC1s predominantly reside in the liver—they initially were discovered as a liver-resident ILC subset—as well as in other lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ILC1s play an important and unique role in host protection and in immunomodulation in their resident organs. However, the pathophysiological role of tissue-resident ILC1s remains largely unclear. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence showing that ILC1s not only contribute to inflammation to protect against pathogens but also promote tissue protection and metabolism. We highlight a unique function of ILC1s in their resident tissues.
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31
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Wagner JA, Wong P, Schappe T, Berrien-Elliott MM, Cubitt C, Jaeger N, Lee M, Keppel CR, Marin ND, Foltz JA, Marsala L, Neal CC, Sullivan RP, Schneider SE, Keppel MP, Saucier N, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Stage-Specific Requirement for Eomes in Mature NK Cell Homeostasis and Cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107720. [PMID: 32492428 PMCID: PMC7265846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that mediate antiviral and antitumor responses and require the transcriptional regulator Eomesodermin (Eomes) for early development. However, the role of Eomes and its molecular program in mature NK cell biology is unclear. To address this, we develop a tamoxifen-inducible, type-1-ILC-specific (Ncr1-targeted) cre mouse and combine this with Eomes-floxed mice. Eomes deletion after normal NK cell ontogeny results in a rapid loss of NK cells (but not ILC1s), with a particularly profound effect on penultimately mature stage III NK cells. Mechanisms responsible for stage III reduction include increased apoptosis and impaired maturation from stage II precursors. Induced Eomes deletion also decreases NK cell cytotoxicity and abrogates in vivo rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class-I-deficient cells. However, other NK cell functional responses, and stage IV NK cells, are largely preserved. These data indicate that mature NK cells have distinct Eomes-dependent and -independent stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celia Cubitt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia Jaeger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madeline Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cassie R Keppel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nancy D Marin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lynne Marsala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carly C Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan P Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Molly P Keppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nermina Saucier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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32
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Wiedemann GM, Geary CD, Lau CM, Sun JC. Cutting Edge: STAT1-Mediated Epigenetic Control of Rsad2 Promotes Clonal Expansion of Antiviral NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:21-25. [PMID: 32461239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
NK cells represent a cellular component of innate immunity but possess features of adaptive immunity, including clonal expansion and establishment of long-lived memory following infection. During mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, we observed Rsad2 (which encodes Viperin) to be among the most highly induced IFN stimulatory genes in activated NK cells, correlating with increased chromatin accessibility at the Rsad2 gene locus. Furthermore, in NK cells stimulated with IFN-α, the promoter region of Rsad2 was enriched for STAT1 binding and the permissive histone mark H3K4me3. IFN-αR- and STAT1-deficient NK cells showed an impairment of Rsad2 induction and chromatin accessibility during MCMV infection. Finally, Rsad2-deficient NK cells were defective in clonal expansion and memory formation following exposure to MCMV, in part because of greater apoptosis. Thus, our study reveals a critical mechanism of STAT1-mediated epigenetic control of Rsad2 to promote the adaptive behavior of NK cells during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Wiedemann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Clair D Geary
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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33
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is the prolific expansion of individual cell clones that encounter their cognate antigen. More recently, however, there is growing evidence for the clonal expansion of innate lymphocytes, particularly in the context of pathogen challenge. Clonal expansion not only serves to amplify the number of specific lymphocytes to mount a robust protective response to the pathogen at hand but also results in selection and differentiation of the responding lymphocytes to generate a multitude of cell fates. Here, we summarize the evidence for clonal expansion in innate lymphocytes, which has primarily been observed in natural killer (NK) cells responding to cytomegalovirus infection, and consider the requirements for such a response in NK cells in light of those for T cells. Furthermore, we discuss multiple aspects of heterogeneity that both contribute to and result from the fundamental immunological process of clonal expansion, highlighting the parallels between innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on NK cells and CD8+ T cells.
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34
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Diversity of peripheral blood human NK cells identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1388-1406. [PMID: 32271902 PMCID: PMC7160259 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood perform many functions, and classification of specific subsets has been a longstanding goal. We report single-cell RNA sequencing of NK cells, comparing gene expression in unstimulated and interleukin (IL)-2-activated cells from healthy cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative donors. Three NK cell subsets resembled well-described populations; CD56brightCD16-, CD56dimCD16+CD57-, and CD56dimCD16+CD57+. CD56dimCD16+CD57- cells subdivided to include a population with higher chemokine mRNA and increased frequency of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression. Three novel human blood NK cell populations were identified: a population of type I interferon-responding NK cells that were CD56neg; a population exhibiting a cytokine-induced memory-like phenotype, including increased granzyme B mRNA in response to IL-2; and finally, a small population, with low ribosomal expression, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, and high levels of immediate early response genes indicative of cellular activation. Analysis of CMV+ donors established that CMV altered the proportion of NK cells in each subset, especially an increase in adaptive NK cells, as well as gene regulation within each subset. Together, these data establish an unexpected diversity in blood NK cells and provide a new framework for analyzing NK cell responses in health and disease.
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35
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Chu Z, Sun C, Sun L, Feng C, Yang F, Xu Y, Zhao Y. Primed macrophages directly and specifically reject allografts. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:237-246. [PMID: 30948792 PMCID: PMC7052205 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages have long been associated with acute and chronic allograft rejection; this is mediated by their abilities to promote inflammation, kill target cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and modulate adaptive immunity. Our present study showed that allogeneic antigen-primed macrophages acutely rejected skin grafts with specificity after adoptive transfer into MHC-matched immunodeficient mice. The ability of primed macrophages to reject allografts essentially requires the help of CD4+ T cells and does not require the help of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the primed, perforin-deficient macrophages rejected the skin grafts in a significantly delayed pattern compared with WT macrophages, indicating that the perforin pathway of the primed macrophages is likely involved in the rejection process. Thus, primed macrophages are endowed with adaptive immunity-like features, such as specificity, with the help of CD4+ T cells during the immune response to allografts. The present study challenges our traditional views of macrophage functions and highlights the biological functions of macrophages beyond innate immunity in mammals.
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Grants
- This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0105002, 2017YFA0104402, Y.Z.), National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX10201101), the National Natural Science Foundation for General and Key Programs (C81530049, C81130055, C31470860, Y.Z.), Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA04020202-19, Y.Z.), and the China Manned Space Flight Technology Project (TZ-1, Y.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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36
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Nabekura T, Riggan L, Hildreth AD, O’Sullivan TE, Shibuya A. Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect Mice from Acute Liver Injury via Interferon-γ Secretion for Upregulating Bcl-xL Expression in Hepatocytes. Immunity 2020; 52:96-108.e9. [PMID: 31810881 PMCID: PMC8108607 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) have been originally found as liver-resident ILCs, their pathophysiological role in the liver remains poorly investigated. Here, we demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection into mice activated ILC1s, but not natural killer (NK) cells, in the liver. Activated ILC1s produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and protected mice from CCl4-induced acute liver injury. IFN-γ released from activated ILC1s promoted the survival of hepatocytes through upregulation of Bcl-xL. An activating NK receptor, DNAM-1, was required for the optimal activation and IFN-γ production of liver ILC1s. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate accelerated interleukin-12-driven IFN-γ production by liver ILC1s. These findings suggest that ILC1s are critical for tissue protection during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Luke Riggan
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew D. Hildreth
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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37
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HCMV Infection in a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niche: Differential Impact on the Development of NK Cells versus ILC3. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010010. [PMID: 31861547 PMCID: PMC7027004 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is highly prevalent in most populations worldwide and has a major influence on shaping the human immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are important antiviral effectors that adapt to HCMV infection by expansion of virus-specific effector/memory cells. The impact of HCMV infection on the development of NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in general is less well understood. In this context, we have recently established a novel in vitro platform to study human NK cell development in a stem cell niche based on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Here, the system was modified by infecting MSC with HCMV to study the influence of virus infection on NK/ILC development. We show that cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells are successfully differentiated into mature CD56+CD94+NKG2A+ NK cells on HCMV-infected MSC with significant higher anti-viral cytokine production compared to NK cells developing on non-infected MSC. Furthermore, the generation of ILC3, characterized by expression of the signature transcription factor RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) and the production of IL-22, was strongly impaired by HCMV infection. These observations are clinically relevant, given that ILC3 are associated with protection from graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following stem cell transplantation and HCMV reactivation in turn is associated with increased incidence of GvHD.
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38
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Ly49R activation receptor drives self-MHC-educated NK cell immunity against cytomegalovirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26768-26778. [PMID: 31843910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913064117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate vital control of cancer and viral infection. They rely on MHC class I (MHC I)-specific self-receptors to identify and lyse diseased cells without harming self-MHC I-bearing host cells. NK cells bearing inhibitory self-receptors for host MHC I also undergo education, referred to as licensing, which causes them to become more responsive to stimulation via activation receptor signaling. Previous work has shown that licensed NK cells selectively expand during virus infections and they are associated with improved clinical response in human patients experiencing certain chronic virus infections, including HIV and hepatitis C virus. However, the importance of inhibitory self-receptors in NK-mediated virus immunity is debated as they also limit signals in NK cells emanating from virus-specific activation receptors. Using a mouse model of MHC I-dependent (H-2Dk) virus immunity, we discovered that NK cells depend on the Ly49G2 inhibitory self-receptor to mediate virus control, which coincided with host survival during murine cytomegalovirus infection. This antiviral effect further requires active signaling in NK cells via the Ly49R activation receptor that also binds H-2Dk In tandem, these functionally discordant Ly49 self-receptors increase NK cell proliferation and effector activity during infection, resulting in selective up-regulation of CD25 and KLRG1 in virus-specific Ly49R+ Ly49G2+ NK cells. Our findings establish that paired self-receptors act as major determinants of NK cell-mediated virus sensing and immunity.
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39
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Saultz JN, Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse BL. MicroRNA regulation of natural killer cell development and function in leukemia. Mol Immunol 2019; 115:12-20. [PMID: 30100210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as important regulators of all cellular processes, including immune function and cancer survival. These evolutionary preserved, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules mediate important functional effects primarily through post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression. MiRNAs are known to mediate multiple oncogenic pathways in tumor cells, both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing. In addition to a direct tumor cell effect, miRNAs have also been shown to play a critical role in immune cell development, function and survival. Here we expand on previous reports to evaluate miRNA regulation in natural killer (NK) cells primarily in humans and focus on their influence on NK cell development and function in the setting of hematologic malignancies. In addition, we highlight the most recent miRNA discoveries in hematologic malignancies and discuss areas of future exploration relevant to the translational field of innate immunology and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Saultz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
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40
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Ivanova DL, Mundhenke TM, Gigley JP. The IL-12- and IL-23-Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against Secondary Toxoplasma gondii Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2944-2958. [PMID: 31604804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NK cells can develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics. Whether they develop these characteristics during Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. We addressed this question and dissected the mechanisms involved in secondary NK cell responses using a vaccine-challenge mouse model of T. gondii infection. NK cells were required for control of and survival after secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-γ. To test if these T. gondii experienced NK cells were intrinsically different from naive NK cells, we performed NK cell adoptive transfer into RAG2/cγ-chain-/- mice, NK cell fate mapping, and RAG1-/- mice vaccine-challenge experiments. Although NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics after T. gondii vaccination. The mechanisms required for generating these secondary NK cell responses were investigated. Secondary NK cell responses were CD4+ or CD8+ T cell independent. Although IL-12 alone is required for NK cell IFN-γ production during primary T. gondii infection, in the absence of IL-12 using IL-12p35-/- mice or anti-IL-12p70, secondary NK cell responses were only partially reduced after reinfection. IL-23 depletion with anti-IL-23p19 in vivo also significantly reduced the secondary NK cell response. IL-12 and IL-23 blockade with anti-IL-12p40 treatment completely eliminated secondary NK cell responses. Importantly, blockade of IL-12, IL-23, or both significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden. Our results define a previously unknown protective role for NK cells during secondary T. gondii infection that is dependent on IL-12 and IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | | | - Jason P Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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41
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Burrack KS, Hart GT, Hamilton SE. Contributions of natural killer cells to the immune response against Plasmodium. Malar J 2019; 18:321. [PMID: 31533835 PMCID: PMC6751859 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate effector cells that are well described in their ability to kill virally-infected cells and tumors. However, there is increasing appreciation for the role of NK cells in the control of other pathogens, including intracellular parasites such as Plasmodium, the cause of malaria. NK cells may be beneficial during the early phase of Plasmodium infection—prior to the activation and expansion of antigen-specific T cells—through cooperation with myeloid cells to produce inflammatory cytokines like IFNγ. Recent work has defined how Plasmodium can activate NK cells to respond with natural cytotoxicity, and inhibit the growth of parasites via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanisms (ADCC). A specialized subset of adaptive NK cells that are negative for the Fc receptor γ chain have enhanced ADCC function and correlate with protection from malaria. Additionally, production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by NK cells prevents overt pathology and death during experimental cerebral malaria. Now that conditional NK cell mouse models have been developed, previous studies need to be reevaluated in the context of what is now known about other immune populations with similarity to NK cells (i.e., NKT cells and type I innate lymphoid cells). This brief review summarizes recent findings which support the potentially beneficial roles of NK cells during Plasmodium infection in mice and humans. Also highlighted are how the actions of NK cells can be explored using new experimental strategies, and the potential to harness NK cell function in vaccination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Burrack
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Hart
- Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
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42
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Wagstaffe HR, Pickering H, Houghton J, Mooney JP, Wolf AS, Prevatt N, Behrens RH, Holland MJ, Riley EM, Goodier MR. Influenza Vaccination Primes Human Myeloid Cell Cytokine Secretion and NK Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1609-1618. [PMID: 31427444 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells generated in response to proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo can also be generated by vaccination, exhibiting heightened responses to cytokine stimulation months after their initial induction. Our previous study demonstrated that in vitro human NK cell responses to inactivated influenza virus were also indirectly augmented by very low doses of IL-15, which increased induction of myeloid cell-derived cytokine secretion. These findings led us to hypothesize that IL-15 stimulation could reveal a similar effect for active influenza vaccination and influence CIML NK cell effector functions. In this study, 51 healthy adults were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine, and PBMC were collected before and up to 30 d after vaccination. Myeloid and lymphoid cell cytokine secretion was measured after in vitro PBMC restimulation with low-dose IL-15, alone or in combination with inactivated H3N2 virus; the associated NK cell response was assessed by flow cytometry. PBMC collected 30 d postvaccination showed heightened cytokine production in response to IL-15 compared with PBMC collected at baseline; these responses were further enhanced when IL-15 was combined with H3N2. NK cell activation in response to IL-15 alone (CD25) and H3N2 plus IL-15 (CD25 and IFN-γ) was enhanced postvaccination. We also observed proliferation of less-differentiated NK cells with downregulation of cytokine receptors as early as 3 d after vaccination, suggesting cytokine stimulation in vivo. We conclude that vaccination-induced "training" of accessory cells combines with the generation of CIML NK cells to enhance the overall NK cell response postvaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Wagstaffe
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Houghton
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Prevatt
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ron H Behrens
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Holland
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom;
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43
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Sezgin E, An P, Winkler CA. Host Genetics of Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis. Front Genet 2019; 10:616. [PMID: 31396258 PMCID: PMC6664682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus (human herpes virus 5) with the highest morbidity and mortality rates compared to other herpes viruses. Risk groups include very young, elderly, transplant recipient, and immunocompromised individuals. HCMV may cause retinitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonia, neonatal infection sequelae, inflammatory, and age-related diseases. With an arsenal of genes in its large genome dedicated to host immune evasion, HCMV can block intrinsic cellular defenses and interfere with cellular immune responses. HCMV also encodes chemokines, chemokine receptors, and cytokines. Therefore, genes involved in human viral defense mechanisms and those encoding proteins targeted by the CMV proteins are candidates for host control of CMV infection and reactivation. Although still few in number, host genetic studies are producing valuable insights into biological processes involved in HCMV pathogenesis and HCMV-related diseases. For example, genetic variants in the immunoglobulin GM light chain can influence the antibody responsiveness to CMV glycoprotein B and modify risk of HCMV-related diseases. Moreover, CMV infection following organ transplantation has been associated with variants in genes encoding toll-like receptors (TLRs), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and interleukin-12p40 (IL-12B). A KIR haplotype (2DS4+) is proposed to be protective for CMV activation among hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Polymorphisms in the interferon lambda 3/4 (IFNL3/4) region are shown to influence susceptibility to CMV replication among solid organ transplant patients. Interestingly, the IFNL3/4 region is also associated with AIDS-related CMV retinitis susceptibility in HIV-infected patients. Likewise, interleukin-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) variants are shown to influence CMV retinitis development in patients with AIDS. Results from genome-wide association studies suggest a possible role for microtubule network and retinol metabolism in anti-CMV antibody response. Nevertheless, further genetic epidemiological studies with large cohorts, functional studies on the numerous HCMV genes, and immune response to chronic and latent states of infection that contribute to HCMV persistence are clearly necessary to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of CMV infection, reactivation, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Sezgin
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Epidemiology, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
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44
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Adams NM, Sun JC. Spatial and temporal coordination of antiviral responses by group 1 ILCs. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:23-36. [PMID: 30294970 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphocytes consist of a phenotypically, spatially, and functionally heterogeneous population of NK cells and ILC1s that are engaged during pathogen invasion. We are only beginning to understand the context-dependent roles that different subsets of group 1 innate lymphocytes play during homeostatic perturbations. With a focus on viral infection, this review highlights the organization and regulation of spatially and temporally distinct waves of NK cell and ILC1 responses that collectively serve to achieve optimal viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
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45
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Kennis BA, Michel KA, Brugmann WB, Laureano A, Tao RH, Somanchi SS, Einstein SA, Bravo-Alegria JB, Maegawa S, Wahba A, Kiany S, Gordon N, Silla L, Schellingerhout D, Khatua S, Zaky W, Sandberg D, Cooper L, Lee DA, Bankson JA, Gopalakrishnan V. Monitoring of intracerebellarly-administered natural killer cells with fluorine-19 MRI. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:395-407. [PMID: 30788681 PMCID: PMC11492566 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Recent studies have shown the ability of natural killer (NK) cells to lyse MB cell lines in vitro, but in vivo successes remain elusive and the efficacy and fate of NK cells in vivo remain unknown. METHODS To address these questions, we injected MB cells into the cerebellum of immunodeficient mice and examined tumor growth at various days after tumor establishment via bioluminescence imaging. NK cells were labeled with a fluorine-19 (19F) MRI probe and subsequently injected either intratumorally or contralaterally to the tumor in the cerebellum and effect on tumor growth was monitored. RESULTS The 19F probe efficiently labeled the NK cells and exhibited little cytotoxicity. Fluorine-19 MRI confirmed the successful and accurate delivery of the labeled NK cells to the cerebellum of the mice. Administration of 19F-labeled NK cells suppressed MB growth, with the same efficacy as unlabeled cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of NK cells within the tumor, which was associated with induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. NK cell migration to the tumor from a distal location as well as activation of apoptosis was also demonstrated by immunohstochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that NK cells present a novel opportunity for new strategies in MB treatment. Further, 19F-labeled NK cells can suppress MB growth while enabling 19F MRI to provide imaging feedback that can facilitate study and optimization of therapeutic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Kennis
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Brugmann
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alvaro Laureano
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Hospital das Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rong-Hua Tao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas S Somanchi
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel A Einstein
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Shinji Maegawa
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Wahba
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simin Kiany
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy Gordon
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia Silla
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Hospital das Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wafik Zaky
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Sandberg
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence Cooper
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Ziopharm Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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46
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Palgen JL, Tchitchek N, Huot N, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Lefebvre C, Rosenbaum P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Martinon F, Hocini H, Cosma A, Müller-Trutwin M, Lévy Y, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. NK cell immune responses differ after prime and boost vaccination. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1055-1073. [PMID: 30794328 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a1018-391rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of innate responses induced by vaccination is critical for designing optimal vaccines. Here, we studied the diversity and dynamics of the NK cell compartment after prime-boost immunization with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara using cynomolgus macaques as a model. Mass cytometry was used to deeply characterize blood NK cells. The NK cell subphenotype composition was modified by the prime. Certain phenotypic changes induced by the prime were maintained over time and, as a result, the NK cell composition prior to boost differed from that before prime. The key phenotypic signature that distinguished NK cells responding to the boost from those responding to the prime included stronger expression of several cytotoxic, homing, and adhesion molecules, suggesting that NK cells at recall were functionally distinct. Our data reveal potential priming or imprinting of NK cells after the first vaccine injection. This study provides novel insights into prime-boost vaccination protocols that could be used to optimize future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Palgen
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Huot
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit on HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Paris, France
| | - Jamila Elhmouzi-Younes
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Antonio Cosma
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit on HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
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47
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Martinez-Gonzalez I, Ghaedi M, Steer CA, Mathä L, Vivier E, Takei F. ILC2 memory: Recollection of previous activation. Immunol Rev 2019; 283:41-53. [PMID: 29664572 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory, traditionally thought to belong to T and B cells, has now been extended to innate lymphocytes, including NK cells and ILC2s, myeloid cells such as macrophages, also termed "trained immunity" and more recently to epithelial stem cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying memory generation on ILC2s and speculate about their potential role in human allergic diseases, such as asthma. Moreover, we examine the relevance of the spontaneous ILC2 activation in the lung during the neonatal period in order to efficiently respond to stimuli later in life. These "training" of neonatal ILC2s may have an impact on the generation of memory ILC2s in the adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine A Steer
- Terry Fox Laboratory British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Mathä
- Terry Fox Laboratory British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d' Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université d'Aix-Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Innate Pharma Research Labs., Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Fumio Takei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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48
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Cichocki F, Taras E, Chiuppesi F, Wagner JE, Blazar BR, Brunstein C, Luo X, Diamond DJ, Cooley S, Weisdorf DJ, Miller JS. Adaptive NK cell reconstitution is associated with better clinical outcomes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e125553. [PMID: 30674718 PMCID: PMC6413795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a common occurrence early after transplant and is associated with heterogeneous NK cell subset expansion. These adaptive NK cell expansions are highly variable between recipients, with respect to magnitude and relative frequencies of adaptive NK cell subsets. METHODS To gain insight into the factors that influence adaptive NK cell expansion from a CMV naive graft source, we performed a high-resolution NK cell and CD8+ T cell phenotypic analysis of 215 patients with hematological malignancies that were transplanted with 2 partially HLA matched CMV negative umbilical cord blood units. RESULTS We found that adaptive NK cells were significantly higher in recipients who received nonmyeloablative conditioning (NMAC) relative to myeloablative conditioning (MAC), and high CMV neutralizing antibody titers correlated with the degree of adaptive NK cell expansion. The frequencies of adaptive NK cell subsets (defined by NKG2C, FcεRγ, EAT-2, and SYK expression) that reconstitute from donor hematopoietic progenitor cells largely matched the frequencies observed in the NK cell compartment of the recipient prior to conditioning, suggesting that host - as well as viral reactivation factors - may determine the phenotypic diversification after transplant. Additionally, multivariable analyses show that higher adaptive NK cell expansion associated with better disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important insights into adaptive NK cell reconstitution after transplant and support a role for adaptive NK cells in promoting better clinical outcomes. FUNDING The NIH and the National Marrow Donor Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cichocki
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily Taras
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | | | - Claudio Brunstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sarah Cooley
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J. Weisdorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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49
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In the absence of natural killer cell activation donor-specific antibody mediates chronic, but not acute, kidney allograft rejection. Kidney Int 2018; 95:350-362. [PMID: 30503624 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody mediated rejection (ABMR) is a major barrier to long-term kidney graft survival. Dysregulated donor-specific antibody (DSA) responses are induced in CCR5-deficient mice transplanted with complete major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched kidney allografts, and natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in graft injury and rejection. We investigated the consequence of high DSA titers on kidney graft outcomes in the presence or absence of NK cell activation within the graft. Equivalent serum DSA titers were induced in CCR5-deficient B6 recipients of complete MHC mismatched A/J allografts and semi-allogeneic (A/J x B6) F1 kidney grafts, peaking by day 14 post-transplant. A/J allografts were rejected between days 16-28, whereas B6 isografts and semi-allogeneic grafts survived past day 65. On day 7 post-transplant, NK cell infiltration into A/J allografts was composed of distinct populations expressing high and low levels of the surface antigen NK1.1, with NK1.1low cells reflecting the highest level of activation. These NK cell populations increased with time post-transplant. In contrast, NK cell infiltration into semi-allogeneic grafts on day 7 was composed entirely of NK1.1high cells that decreased thereafter. On day 65 post-transplant the semi-allogeneic grafts had severe interstitial fibrosis, glomerulopathy, and arteriopathy, accompanied by expression of pro-fibrogenic genes. These results suggest that NK cells synergize with DSA to cause acute kidney allograft rejection, whereas high DSA titers in the absence of NK cell activation cannot provoke acute ABMR but instead induce the indolent development of interstitial fibrosis and glomerular injury that leads to late graft failure.
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50
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Pahl JHW, Cerwenka A, Ni J. Memory-Like NK Cells: Remembering a Previous Activation by Cytokines and NK Cell Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2796. [PMID: 30546366 PMCID: PMC6279934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells serving at the front line against infection and cancer. In inflammatory microenvironments, multiple soluble and contact-dependent signals modulate NK cell responsiveness. Besides their innate cytotoxic and immunostimulatory activity, it has been uncovered in recent years that NK cells constitute a heterogeneous and versatile cell subset. Persistent memory-like NK populations that mount a robust recall response were reported during viral infection, contact hypersensitivity reactions, and after stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or activating receptor pathways. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the generation, functionality, and clinical applicability of memory-like NK cells and describe common features in comparison to other recent concepts of memory NK cells. Understanding of these features will facilitate the conception and design of novel NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H W Pahl
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jing Ni
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Innate Immunity, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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