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Ferrarone JR, Thomas J, Unni AM, Zheng Y, Nagiec MJ, Gardner EE, Mashadova O, Li K, Koundouros N, Montalbano A, Mustafa M, Cantley LC, Blenis J, Sanjana NE, Varmus H. Genome-wide CRISPR screens in spheroid culture reveal that the tumor suppressor LKB1 inhibits growth via the PIKFYVE lipid kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403685121. [PMID: 38743625 PMCID: PMC11127050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403685121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor LKB1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is frequently mutated in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LKB1 regulates a complex signaling network that is known to control cell polarity and metabolism; however, the pathways that mediate the tumor-suppressive activity of LKB1 are incompletely defined. To identify mechanisms of LKB1-mediated growth suppression, we developed a spheroid-based cell culture assay to study LKB1-dependent growth. We then performed genome-wide CRISPR screens in spheroidal culture and found that LKB1 suppresses growth, in part, by activating the PIKFYVE lipid kinase. Finally, we used chemical inhibitors and a pH-sensitive reporter to determine that LKB1 impairs growth by promoting the internalization of wild-type EGFR in a PIKFYVE-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Ferrarone
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Jerin Thomas
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Arun M. Unni
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Michal J. Nagiec
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Eric E. Gardner
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | | | - Kate Li
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Nikos Koundouros
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Antonino Montalbano
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY10013
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Meer Mustafa
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY10013
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Neville E. Sanjana
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY10013
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Harold Varmus
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
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Ferrarone JR, Thomas J, Unni AM, Zheng Y, Nagiec MJ, Gardner EE, Mashadova O, Li K, Koundouros N, Montalbano A, Mustafa M, Cantley LC, Blenis J, Sanjana NE, Varmus H. LKB1 suppresses growth and promotes the internalization of EGFR through the PIKFYVE lipid kinase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.19.563158. [PMID: 37904985 PMCID: PMC10614957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor LKB1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is frequently mutated in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LKB1 regulates a complex signaling network that is known to control cell polarity and metabolism; however, the pathways that mediate the tumor suppressive activity of LKB1 are incompletely defined. To identify mechanisms of LKB1- mediated growth suppression we developed a spheroid-based cell culture assay to study LKB1- dependent growth. Using this assay, along with genome-wide CRISPR screens and validation with orthogonal methods, we discovered that LKB1 suppresses growth, in part, by activating the PIKFYVE lipid kinase, which promotes the internalization of wild-type EGFR. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of regulation of EGFR, which may have implications for the treatment of LKB1 -mutant LUAD.
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Ha C, Jang JH, Kim YG, Kim JW. Reclassification of variants of tumor suppressor genes based on Sanger RNA sequencing without NMD inhibition. Front Genet 2023; 14:1283611. [PMID: 37900184 PMCID: PMC10602670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1283611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: RNA sequence analysis can be effectively used to identify aberrant splicing, and tumor suppressor genes are adequate targets considering their loss-of-function mechanisms. Sanger sequencing is the simplest method for RNA sequence analysis; however, because of its insufficient sensitivity in cases with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the use of cultured specimens with NMD inhibition has been recommended, hindering its wide adoption. Method: The results of Sanger sequencing of peripheral blood RNA without NMD inhibition performed on potential splicing variants of tumor suppressor genes were retrospectively reviewed. For negative cases, in which no change was identified in the transcript, the possibility of false negativity caused by NMD was assessed through a review of the up-to-date literature. Results: Eleven potential splice variants of various tumor suppressor genes were reviewed. Six variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic based on the nullifying effect identified by Sanger RNA sequencing. Four variants remained as variants of uncertain significance because of identified in-frame changes or normal expression of both alleles. The result of one variant was suspected to be a false negative caused by NMD after reviewing a recent study that reported the same variant as causing a nullifying effect on the affected transcript. Conclusion: Although RNA changes found in the majority of cases were expected to undergo NMD by canonical rules, most cases (10/11) were interpretable by Sanger RNA sequencing without NMD inhibition due to incomplete NMD efficiency or allele-specific expression despite highly efficient NMD.
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Khilar P, Sruthi KK, Parveen SMA, Natani S, Jadav SS, Ummanni R. AMPK targets a proto-oncogene TPD52 (isoform 3) expression and its interaction with LKB1 suppress AMPK-GSK3β signaling axis in prostate cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:957-974. [PMID: 37040029 PMCID: PMC10409946 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is a proto-oncogene overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) due to gene amplification and it is involved in the cancer progression of many cancers including PCa. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of TPD52 in cancer progression are still under investigation. In this study, we report that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) inhibited the LNCaP and VCaP cells growth by silencing TPD52 expression. Activation of AMPK inhibited the proliferation and migration of LNCaP and VCaP cells. Interestingly, AICAR treatment to LNCaP and VCaP cells led to the downregulation of TPD52 via activation of GSK3β by a decrease of inactive phosphorylation at Ser9. Moreover, in AICAR treated LNCaP cells, inhibition of GSK3β by LiCl attenuated downregulation of TPD52 indicating that AICAR acts via GSK3β. Furthermore, we found that TPD52 interacts with serine/threonine kinase 11 or Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) a known tumor suppressor and an upstream kinase for AMPK. The molecular modeling and MD simulations indicates that the interaction between TPD52 and LKB1 leads to inhibition of the kinase activity of LKB1 as its auto-phosphorylation sites were masked in the complex. Consequently, TPD52-LKB1 interaction may lead to inactivation of AMPK. Moreover, overexpression of TPD52 is found to be responsible for the reduction of pLKB1 (Ser428) and pAMPK (Thr172). Therefore, TPD52 may be playing its oncogenic role via suppressing the AMPK activation. Altogether, our results revealed a new mechanism of PCa progression in which TPD52 overexpression inhibits AMPK activation by interacting with LKB1. These results support that the use of AMPK activators and/or small molecules that could disrupt the TPD52-LKB1 interaction might be useful to suppress PCa cell growth. TPD52 interacts LKB1 and interfere with activation of AMPK in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K K Sruthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sakkarai Mohamed Asha Parveen
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Hussein OA, Labib HA, Haggag R, Hamed Sakr MM. Phe354Leu polymorphism of the liver kinase B1 gene as a prognostic factor in adult egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15415. [PMID: 37215763 PMCID: PMC10192405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene is a significant tumor suppressor widely expressed in all fetal and adult tissues. Despite its established role in solid tumors, the biological and clinical implications of LKB1 gene alterations in hematological malignancies have not been sufficiently recognized. Aim This study aimed to determine the frequency of the LKB1 Phe354Leu polymorphism in adult Egyptian patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), evaluate its clinical prognostic significance, and investigate its effect on the therapeutic outcome and patient survival. Methods Direct sequencing of amplified exon eight of the LKB1 gene was performed to detect the Phe354Leu polymorphism in 72 adult de novo CN-AML patients. Results The LKB1 Phe354Leu polymorphism was detected in 16.7% of patients and associated with younger age and lower hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001). Patients in the mutated group had significantly higher total leukocytic count and bone marrow blasts (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The most common FAB subtypes in mutated patients were M4 and M2. The relapse rate was significantly higher in the mutated group (p = 0.004). There was a significant association between the FLT3-ITD polymorphism and LKB1 F354L (p < 0.001). The mutated group had shorter overall survival (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the Phe354Leu polymorphism was a significant independent prognostic variable for the overall and disease-free survival of the studied patients (p = 0.049). Conclusion The LKB1 Phe354Leu polymorphism was diagnosed at younger ages in Egyptian CN-AML patients and represented a poor independent prognostic factor in CN-AML. Patients who carried this polymorphism had shorter overall survival and more frequent relapses. Our findings may provide insight into the design of therapeutic targets, and molecular testing of the LKB1 gene is recommended for proper risk stratification of CN-AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A. Hussein
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hany A. Labib
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Haggag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Song Z, Mao H, Liu J, Sun W, Wu S, Lu X, Jin C, Yang J. Lanthanum Chloride Induces Axon Abnormality Through LKB1-MARK2 and LKB1-STK25-GM130 Signaling Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1181-1196. [PMID: 35661286 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) is a natural rare-earth element that can damage the central nervous system and impair learning and memory. However, its neurotoxic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, adult female rats were divided into 4 groups and given distilled water solution containing 0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% LaCl3, respectively, and this was done from conception to the end of the location. Their offspring rats were used to establish animal models to investigate LaCl3 neurotoxicity. Primary neurons cultured in vitro were treated with LaCl3 and infected with LKB1 overexpression lentivirus. The results showed that LaCl3 exposure resulted in abnormal axons in the hippocampus and primary cultured neurons. LaCl3 reduced the expression of LKB1, p-LKB1, STRAD and MO25 proteins, and directly or indirectly affected the expression of LKB1, leading to decreased activity of LKB1-MARK2 and LKB1-STK25-GM130 pathways. This study indicated that LaCl3 exposure could interfere with the normal effects of LKB1 in the brain and downregulate LKB1-MARK2 and LKB1-STK25-GM130 signaling pathways, resulting in abnormal axon in offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Mao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Tzavlaki K, Ohata Y, Morén A, Watanabe Y, Eriksson J, Tsuchiya M, Kubo Y, Yamamoto K, Sellin ME, Kato M, Caja L, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. The liver kinase B1 supports mammary epithelial morphogenesis by inhibiting critical factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:790-812. [PMID: 36791282 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1) controls cellular metabolism and cell polarity across species. We previously established a mechanism for negative regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling by LKB1. The impact of this mechanism in the context of epithelial polarity and morphogenesis remains unknown. After demonstrating that human mammary tissue expresses robust LKB1 protein levels, whereas invasive breast cancer exhibits significantly reduced LKB1 levels, we focused on mammary morphogenesis studies in three dimensional (3D) acinar organoids. CRISPR/Cas9-introduced loss-of-function mutations of STK11 (LKB1) led to profound defects in the formation of 3D organoids, resulting in amorphous outgrowth and loss of rotation of young organoids embedded in matrigel. This defect was associated with an enhanced signaling by TGFβ, including TGFβ auto-induction and induction of transcription factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Protein marker analysis confirmed a more efficient EMT response to TGFβ signaling in LKB1 knockout cells. Accordingly, chemical inhibition of the TGFβ type I receptor kinase largely restored the morphogenetic defect of LKB1 knockout cells. Similarly, chemical inhibition of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway or the TANK-binding kinase 1, or genetic silencing of the EMT factor SNAI1, partially restored the LKB1 knockout defect. Thus, LKB1 sustains mammary epithelial morphogenesis by limiting pathways that promote EMT. The observed downregulation of LKB1 expression in breast cancer is therefore predicted to associate with enhanced EMT induced by SNAI1 and TGFβ family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Tzavlaki
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yae Ohata
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Morén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laia Caja
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chiraphapphaiboon W, Thongnoppakhun W, Limjindaporn T, Sawasdichai S, Roothumnong E, Prangphan K, Pamornpol B, Limwongse C, Pithukpakorn M. STK11 Causative Variants and Copy Number Variations Identified in Thai Patients With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e34495. [PMID: 36874343 PMCID: PMC9983355 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by germline mutations in the serine-threonine kinase 11 (STK11) tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps, mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation, and a higher risk of developing various cancers. Methods We summarized the clinical and molecular characteristics of five unrelated Thai patients with PJS. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) screening, coupled with direct DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), were applied for the molecular analysis of STK11. Results A total of four STK11 pathogenic changeswere identified in the five PJS patients, including two frameshift variants (a novel c.199dup, p.Leu67ProfsTer96 and a known c.834_835del, p.Cys278TrpfsTer6) and two types of copy number variations (CNV), exon 1 deletion and exons 2-3 deletion. Among reported STK11 exonic deletions, exon 1 and exons 2-3 deletions were found to be the two most commonly deleted exons. Conclusion All identified STK11 mutations were null mutations that were associated with more severe PJS phenotypes and cancers. This study broadens the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of STK11 in PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanna Thongnoppakhun
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | | | - Sunisa Sawasdichai
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | - Ekkapong Roothumnong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | - Kanjana Prangphan
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | - Benjaporn Pamornpol
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
| | - Manop Pithukpakorn
- Siriraj Genomics, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THA
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Baumgartner C, Yadav AK, Chefetz I. AMPK-like proteins and their function in female reproduction and gynecologic cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:245-270. [PMID: 36858738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinase (STK11), also known as liver kinase B1 (LKB1), is a regulator of cellular homeostasis through regulating the cellular ATP-to-ADP ratio. LKB1 is classified as a tumor suppressor and functions as the key activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a family of serine-threonine kinases called AMPK-like proteins. These proteins include novel (nua) kinase family 1 (NUAK1 and 2), salt inducible kinase (SIK1), QIK (known as SIK2), QSK (known as SIK3 kinase), and maternal embryonic leuzine zipper kinase (MELK) on tightly controlled and specific residual sites. LKB1 also regulates brain selective kinases 1 and 2 (BRSK1 and 2), additional members of AMPK-like protein family, which functions are probably less studied. AMPK-like proteins play a role in variety of reproductive physiology functions such as follicular maturation, menopause, embryogenesis, oocyte maturation, and preimplantation development. In addition, dysfunctional activity of AMPK-like proteins contributes to apoptosis blockade in cancer cells and induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition required for metastasis. Dysregulation of these proteins occurs in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. AMPK-like proteins are still undergoing further classification and may represent novel targets for targeted gynecologic cancer therapies. In this chapter, we describe the AMPK-like family of proteins and their roles in reproductive physiology and gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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10
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Huang E, Li S. Liver Kinase B1 Functions as a Regulator for Neural Development and a Therapeutic Target for Neural Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182861. [PMID: 36139438 PMCID: PMC9496952 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and Par-4 in C. elegans, has been identified as a master kinase of AMPKs and AMPK-related kinases. LKB1 plays a crucial role in cell growth, metabolism, polarity, and tumor suppression. By interacting with the downstream signals of SAD, NUAK, MARK, and other kinases, LKB1 is critical to regulating neuronal polarization and axon branching during development. It also regulates Schwann cell function and the myelination of peripheral axons. Regulating LKB1 activity has become an attractive strategy for repairing an injured nervous system. LKB1 upregulation enhances the regenerative capacity of adult CNS neurons and the recovery of locomotor function in adult rodents with CNS axon injury. Here, we update the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of LKB1 in regulating neuronal polarization and neural development, and the implications thereof for promoting neural repair, axon regeneration, and functional recovery in adult mammals.
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11
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu Z, Chen C, Chen J, Wu B, Chen Y. High risk and early onset of cancer in Chinese patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900516. [PMID: 36033506 PMCID: PMC9406140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder associated with a predisposition to a variety of cancers. Previous studies that have evaluated the cancer spectrum and risk of this rare disease have primarily been based on small data sets or heterogeneous cohorts from different countries. Here, we report the results of a large homogeneous cohort of Chinese PJS patients who were followed prospectively from 2006 to July 2021, and clinical data before 2006 were retrospectively collected. A total of 412 PJS patients (56.55% males) from 208 families were enrolled, contributing 12,798 person-years of follow-up. A total of 113 cancers were diagnosed in 109 patients (26.46%). The median age at the first cancer diagnosis was 40 years. In particular, patients born after the 1980s were diagnosed with cancer at an earlier median age of 30.5 years. The cumulative cancer risk was sharply increased to 30.9% at age 40 years; this high cancer risk age was 10 years earlier than that reported in previous Western studies, and increased to 76.2% at an age of 60 years. The most common cancer was gastrointestinal (GI) cancer (64.6%), in which colorectal cancer constituted a significantly larger proportional distribution (32.74%), when compared with previous investigations (11.1%−20.83%). There was some evidence that overrepresentation point variants in domain XI of STK11 may be associated with GI cancers. Furthermore, the incidences of gynecological and lung cancers were second only to that of GI cancer in this cohort. These results may provide novel insight for justifying surveillance to detect cancers at an earlier phase to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the potential STK11 genotype-phenotype association could be the basis for future genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonglin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chudi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Chen,
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Bourouh M, Marignani PA. The Tumor Suppressor Kinase LKB1: Metabolic Nexus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:881297. [PMID: 35573694 PMCID: PMC9097215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.881297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a multitasking tumor suppressor kinase that is implicated in multiple malignancies such as lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and breast. LKB1 was first identified as the gene responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) characterized by hamartomatous polyps and oral mucotaneous pigmentation. LKB1 functions to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during energy stress to shift metabolic processes from active anabolic pathways to active catabolic pathways to generate ATP. Genetic loss or inactivation of LKB1 promotes metabolic reprogramming and metabolic adaptations of cancer cells that fuel increased growth and division rates. As a result, LKB1 loss is associated with increased aggressiveness and treatment options for patients with LKB1 mutant tumors are limited. Recently, there has been new insights into the role LKB1 has on metabolic regulation and the identification of potential vulnerabilities in LKB1 mutant tumors. In this review, we discuss the tumor suppressive role of LKB1 and the impact LKB1 loss has on metabolic reprograming in cancer cells, with a focus on lung cancer. We also discuss potential therapeutic avenues to treat malignancies associated with LKB1 loss by targeting aberrant metabolic pathways associated with LKB1 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bourouh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, Canada
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13
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Liu Z, Jiang L, Li C, Li C, Yang J, Yu J, Mao R, Rao Y. LKB1 Is Physiologically Required for Sleep from Drosophila melanogaster to the Mus musculus. Genetics 2022; 221:6586797. [PMID: 35579349 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two of them salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) and AMPKα have previously been implicated in sleep regulation. We generated loss-of-function (LOF) mutants for Lkb1 in both Drosophila and mice. Sleep, but not circadian rhythms, was reduced in Lkb1-mutant flies and in flies with neuronal deletion of Lkb1. Genetic interactions between Lkb1 and Threonine to Alanine mutation at residue 184 of AMPK in Drosophila sleep or those between Lkb1 and Threonine to Glutamic Acid mutation at residue 196 of SIK3 in Drosophila viability have been observed. Sleep was reduced in mice after virally mediated reduction of Lkb1 in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and sleep need were both reduced in Lkb1-mutant mice. These results indicate that LKB1 plays a physiological role in sleep regulation conserved from flies to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengang Li
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqun Yang
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Renbo Mao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
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14
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Cho JH, Hughes JW. Cilia Action in Islets: Lessons From Mouse Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:922983. [PMID: 35813631 PMCID: PMC9260721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia as a signaling organelle have garnered recent attention as a regulator of pancreatic islet function. These rod-like sensors exist on all major islet endocrine cell types and transduce a variety of external cues, while dysregulation of cilia function contributes to the development of diabetes. The complex role of islet primary cilia has been examined using genetic deletion targeting various components of cilia. In this review, we summarize experimental models for the study of islet cilia and current understanding of mechanisms of cilia regulation of islet hormone secretion. Consensus from these studies shows that pancreatic cilia perturbation can cause both endocrine and exocrine defects that are relevant to human disease. We discuss future research directions that would further elucidate cilia action in distinct groups of islet cells, including paracrine and juxtacrine regulation, GPCR signaling, and endocrine-exocrine crosstalk.
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Donnelly LL, Hogan TC, Lenahan SM, Nandagopal G, Eaton JG, Lebeau MA, McCann CL, Sarausky HM, Hampel KJ, Armstrong JD, Cameron MP, Sidiropoulos N, Deming P, Seward DJ. Functional assessment of somatic STK11 variants identified in primary human non-small cell lung cancers. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1428-1438. [PMID: 34849607 PMCID: PMC8727739 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) encodes an important tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical studies have shown that mutations in STK11 resulting in loss of function correlate with resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody therapy in KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the molecular mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Despite this uncertainty, STK11 functional status is emerging as a reliable biomarker for predicting non-response to anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC patients. The clinical utility of this biomarker ultimately depends upon accurate classification of STK11 variants. For nonsense variants occurring early in the STK11 coding region, this assessment is straightforward. However, rigorously demonstrating the functional impact of missense variants remains an unmet challenge. Here we present data characterizing four STK11 splice-site variants by analyzing tumor mRNA, and 28 STK11 missense variants using an in vitro kinase assay combined with a cell-based p53-dependent luciferase reporter assay. The variants we report were identified in primary human NSCLC biopsies in collaboration with the University of Vermont Genomic Medicine group. Additionally, we compare our experimental results with data from 22 in silico predictive algorithms. Our work highlights the power, utility and necessity of functional variant assessment and will aid STK11 variant curation, provide a platform to assess novel STK11 variants and help guide anti-PD-1 therapy utilization in KRAS-driven NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam L Donnelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tyler C Hogan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean M Lenahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gopika Nandagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jenna G Eaton
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Meagan A Lebeau
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Hailey M Sarausky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kenneth J Hampel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jordan D Armstrong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Margaret P Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nikoletta Sidiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paula Deming
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
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Saif MW, Rajagopal S, Caplain J, Goodman MD, Popowich D, Orkin BA, Tsichlis PN, Martell R. The First Study Evaluating the Safety of Pre-Surgery Administration of Metformin in Patients with Colorectal and other Gastrointestinal Cancers and Effect on Cancer Stem Cells. CANCER MEDICINE JOURNAL 2021; 4:1-10. [PMID: 34368808 PMCID: PMC8336105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis of tumor genesis suggests that unlike most cancer cells within tumor CSC resist chemotherapy and can regenerate various cell types in tumor thereby causing relapse. Hence drugs that selectively target CSC may offer great promise for cancer therapy especially when combined with chemotherapy. Current treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC) and other gastrointestinal (GI) tumors rely on combination of surgical resection, cytotoxic and targeted drugs. Recent findings showed that metformin, an ant diabetic drug was associated with a significantly lower risk of CRC (0.63 [0.47 - 0.84]; P = 0.002) in patients with type 2 diabetes. We therefore hypothesize that administration of metformin will reduce CSC. METHODS Patients with CRC and other GI cancers undergoing resection were enrolled. Metformin was administered at 500 mg orally twice daily for up to 14 days and terminated 24 hours, prior to planned surgery. Both tumor and normal tissue was procured. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to NCI CTCAE Version 3.0. Primary objective was to establish the safety of administering metformin prior to resection. Secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of metformin on the expression of CSC markers by measuring relative mRNA levels of CD133, OCT4 and NANOG by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 10 patients (4 Male; 6 Female) received metformin. Grade 3 AEs included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, alanine aminotransferase elevation, abdominal pain and nausea but none of these were related to metformin. No hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis were observed. No unexpected post-operative complications were witnessed. Comparison of markers of CCSC results showed that expression of CD133, OCT4 and NANOG expression were decreased following metformin. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study showed feasibility of metformin before surgery in GI cancers and indicated impact on CSC. This preliminary data warrants further investigation in a larger randomized placebo-control study to assess these markers and their correlation with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Popowich
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Bruce A Orkin
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | | | - Robert Martell
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
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Genomic Characterization of HPV-related and Gastric-type Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: Correlation With Subtype and Clinical Behavior. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 39:578-586. [PMID: 31855952 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAs) are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Gastric-type EA, the second most common EA and unrelated to HPV, is biologically different with a more aggressive clinical course. Our knowledge of the molecular fingerprint of these important EA types and its role in diagnosis, prognosis and management is still evolving. Thus, we sought to evaluate the genomic profile of HPV-related and gastric EA. Clinical information including patient outcome was gathered for 56 tumors (45 HPV-associated and 11 gastric-type) surveying evaluated by a targeted massively parallel sequencing assay (OncoPanel platform) which surveys exonic DNA sequences of 447 cancer genes and 191 regions across 60 genes for rearrangement detection. KRAS, TP53, and PIK3CA were the most commonly mutated genes (10, 10, and 9 cases, respectively). Alterations in TP53, STK11, CDKN2A, ATM, and NTRK3 were significantly more common in gastric-type EA (P<0.05, Fisher exact test). Disease recurrence and/or death occurred in 14/49 (29%) cases with clinical information available 7 HPV-related (18% of HPV-related cases with clinical information available) and 7 gastric-type (64% of gastric-type cases with clinical information available). Tumors associated with adverse outcome, regardless of histotype, more commonly had alterations in KRAS (2 HPV-related, 4 gastric-type), GNAS (3 HPV-related, 1 gastric-type), and CDKN2A (0 HPV-related, 3 gastric type) compared with indolent-behaving cases (P<0.05, Fisher exact test). A total of 8/56 (14%) tumors harbored at least one actionable mutation; of these, 6 (75%) were associated with recurrence and/or cancer-related death. Copy number variations were detected in 45/56 cases (80%). The most frequent were chromosome 20 gain and 16q loss, identified in 7 cases each (all HPV-associated EA). The mutational profile of EA is diverse and correlates with clinical behavior and EA subtype. Thus, targeted sequencing assays can potentially serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. It can also identify targetable alterations, which may benefit patients with recurrent/metastatic disease.
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Implications of Splicing Alterations in the Onset and Phenotypic Variability of a Family with Subclinical Manifestation of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Bioinformatic and Molecular Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218201. [PMID: 33147782 PMCID: PMC7662643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant pre-cancerous disorder caused in 80–90% of cases by germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene STK11. We performed a genetic test of the STK11 gene in two Italian young sisters suspected of PJS, since they showed pathognomonic café au lait spots in absence of other symptoms and familiarity. Sequencing of all exons of STK11 gene and other 8 genes, suggested to be involved in hamartomatous syndromes, (PTEN, BMPR1A, SDHB, SDHD, SMAD4, AKT1, ENG, PIK3CA) led to the identification in both the probands of a novel germline silent mutation named c.597 G>A, hitting the last nucleotide of exon 4. Interestingly, genetic testing of the two probands’ parents showed that their unaffected father was carrier of this mutation. Moreover, he carried a second intronic substitution named c.465-51 T>C (rs2075606) which was not inherited by his daughters. We also observed that all the family members carrying the c.597 G>A mutation presented an aberrant splice variant of STK11 mRNA lacking exon 4. Furthermore, in silico analysis of c.465-51 T>C substitution showed that it may activate an Enhancer Splicing Element. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis of STK11 expression levels showed a slight downregulation of the wild type allele in the father and a 2-fold downregulation in the probands compared to the unaffected mother. Our results have led the hypothesis that the c.465-51 T>C intronic variant, which segregates with the wild type allele, could increase the splicing effectiveness of STK11 wild-type allele and compensate the side effect of the c.597 G>A splicing mutation, being responsible for the phenotypic variability observed within this family. This finding highlight the importance of RNA analysis in genetic testing, remarking that silent DNA variant can often be splicing variant involved in disease onset and progression. The identification of these variants has a crucial role to ensure an appropriate follow-up and cancer prevention in at-risk individuals.
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Figueroa-González G, Carrillo-Hernández JF, Perez-Rodriguez I, Cantú de León D, Campos-Parra AD, Martínez-Gutiérrez AD, Coronel-Hernández J, García-Castillo V, López-Camarillo C, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Guardado-Estrada M, Pérez-Plasencia C. Negative Regulation of Serine Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) through miR-100 in Head and Neck Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1058. [PMID: 32911741 PMCID: PMC7563199 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11), also known as LKB1, is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates several biological processes such as apoptosis, energetic metabolism, proliferation, invasion, and migration. During malignant progression, different types of cancer inhibit STK11 function by mutation or epigenetic inactivation. In Head and Neck Cancer, it is unclear what mechanism is involved in decreasing STK11 levels. Thus, the present work aims to determine whether STK11 expression might be regulated through epigenetic or post-translational mechanisms. METHODS Expression levels and methylation status for STK11 were analyzed in 59 cases of head and neck cancer and 10 healthy tissue counterparts. Afterward, we sought to identify candidate miRNAs exerting post-transcriptional regulation of STK11. Then, we assessed a luciferase gene reporter assay to know if miRNAs directly target STK11 mRNA. The expression levels of the clinical significance of mir-100-3p, -5p, and STK11 in 495 HNC specimens obtained from the TCGA database were further analyzed. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the prognostic significance of the miRNAs for Overall Survival, and survival curves were compared through the log-rank test. RESULTS STK11 was under-expressed, and its promoter region was demethylated or partially methylated. miR-17-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-100-3p, and miR-100-5p could be negative regulators of STK11. Our experimental data suggested evidence that miR-100-3p and -5p were over-expressed in analyzed tumor patient samples. Luciferase gene reporter assay experiments showed that miR-100-3p targets and down-regulates STK11 mRNA directly. With respect to overall survival, STK11 expression level was significant for predicting clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION This is, to our knowledge, the first report of miR-100-3p targeting STK11 in HNC. Together, these findings may support the importance of regulation of STK11 through post-transcriptional regulation in HNC and the possible contribution to the carcinogenesis process in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza (UMIEZ), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - José F. Carrillo-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Itzel Perez-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - David Cantú de León
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Alma D. Campos-Parra
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Antonio D. Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Jossimar Coronel-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo.Mex, Mexico;
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 09790, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Nadia J. Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico;
| | - Mariano Guardado-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Genética, Licenciatura en Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.C.-H.); (I.P.-R.); (D.C.d.L.); (A.D.C.-P.); (A.D.M.-G.); (J.C.-H.)
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo.Mex, Mexico;
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SANDY NS, LOMAZI EA, SERVIDONI MDF, BELLOMO-BRANDÃO MA. PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SCENARIO. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2020; 57:227-231. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease, caused by deletions in the chromosome 19p33.3/ gene LKB1/STK11. These mutations inactivate a serine/threonine kinase and predispose to carcinogenesis. In PJS, tumors of the gastrointestinal, testicles, pulmonary, breast, pancreas, uterus and ovaries can be found. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate demographics, clinical presentation and complication/outcomes of pediatric patients presenting with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), as well as to present and discuss management in the context of limited resources. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a cohort of six patients, who were diagnosed and/or followed at the Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas - Sao Paulo/Brazil, between 2000 and 2018. Data analyzed included gender, age of presentation, age of diagnosis, family history, PJS complications. RESULTS: Median age of diagnosis of 6.7 years, with a mean time of follow-up of 8.1 years. Mucocutaneous pigmentation was universally present. Half of the patients had a known family history at the time of diagnosis. On follow up, intestinal intussusception was documented in four out of six patients, in most (three), in different locations and in multiple occasions. The active investigation of siblings and parents of the index case led to the diagnosis of three first-degree relatives in the present case series. CONCLUSION: In this first pediatric PJS Brazilian case series, we report a wide spectrum of PJS manifestations and complications. In a resource limited scenario, despite limitations for the surveillance of complications, the relative frequency of complications was not higher than historically reported.
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Macaya I, Entrialgo-Cadierno R, Valencia K, Vicent S. Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) Loss Has its p-ERKs: ERK Inactivation as a Vulnerability in NSCLC With LKB1 Mutations. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:311-313. [PMID: 32093851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irati Macaya
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Entrialgo-Cadierno
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain.
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22
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Clinical and Genetic Analyses of 38 Chinese Patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9159315. [PMID: 32462036 PMCID: PMC7240661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9159315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a germline mutation in the STK11 gene. It is characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation, gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps, and cancer predisposition. Aims We aimed to summarize the main clinical and genetic features of Chinese PJS patients and assessed the genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Thirty-eight patients clinically diagnosed with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were included in this study from 2016 to 2019. Combined direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification tests were used to detect germline heterogeneous STK11 mutations. RNA sequencing was performed in polyps of PJS patients and control groups to evaluate the difference in expression of STK11. The genotype-phenotype correlations were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results All 26 probands and 12 affected relatives had germline heterogeneous STK11 mutations among which 8 variants were novel. Individuals with missense mutations had their first surgery and other symptoms significantly later than individuals with null mutations. Conclusion This study expanded the spectrum of STK11 gene mutations and further elucidated individuals with null mutations of STK11 typically had an earlier onset of PJS symptoms and needed earlier management.
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23
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Godara A, Siddiqui NS, Hachem H, Tsichlis PN, Martell RE, Saif MW. Prospective Evaluation of Effect of Metformin on Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Disease Control in a Sub-group Analysis of Patients with GI Malignancies. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2020; 1:35-41. [PMID: 32601620 PMCID: PMC7323959 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have demonstrated association of metformin with reduced cancer incidence and mortality in multiple cancer types, including gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Anti-neoplastic effects of metformin are believed through many mechanisms including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which controls mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) growth regulatory pathway. METHODS In a pilot, delayed-start randomized study, non-diabetic patients with GI cancers were randomized to 2 arms, Stage 1: concurrent metformin (500mg twice daily) plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone followed by cross over to metformin plus chemotherapy arm in Stage 2, while adverse events (DLT) were assessed by CTCAE v.3.0. As a translational correlate, we used phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr172 to measure AMPK activation by western blot technique in PBMCs isolated from patients before and after receiving M. These levels were correlated with radiological (RECIST 1.1) and tumor marker outcomes by descriptive analysis. In this study, we present the sub-group analysis of patients with GI cancers. RESULTS 41 patients with GI cancers (colorectal: 22, pancreatic: 12, gastroesophageal: 4, biliary: 2, others: 1) were treated in this trial. Mean duration of metformin therapy was 85 days (range: 9-443). There was no significant difference in grade 3 or above DLT in metformin plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy arm (14% vs. 12% respectively). Gel band density analysis on 19 patients showed that 63% patients had increased phosphorylation of AMPKα after metformin (ratio of phospho-AMPKα after and before metformin > 1) with mean = 1.227 (± 0.134). RECIST 1.1 restaging showed disease control in 55% patients and 45% patients had decline in tumor markers. Of note, 60% of patients with disease control also showed increase in phosphorylation of AMKα. CONCLUSIONS This group of patients treated with metformin prospectively demonstrates the impact of metformin on AMPKα phosphorylation, and correlates with clinical benefit in patients with GI cancers when metformin was added to systemic chemotherapy of varying types. We aim to perform a dose-escalation of metformin in our next study with additional metabolomics correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilal Hachem
- Tufts Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Tufts Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
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24
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Islam MJ, Khan AM, Parves MR, Hossain MN, Halim MA. Prediction of Deleterious Non-synonymous SNPs of Human STK11 Gene by Combining Algorithms, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16426. [PMID: 31712642 PMCID: PMC6848484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinase11 (STK11) is a tumor suppressor gene which plays a key role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. It is widely known as a multitasking kinase and engaged in cell polarity, cell cycle arrest, chromatin remodeling, energy metabolism, and Wnt signaling. The substitutions of single amino acids in highly conserved regions of the STK11 protein are associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), which is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. The abnormal function of the STK11 protein is still not well understood. In this study, we classified disease susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STK11 by using different computational algorithms. We identified the deleterious nsSNPs, constructed mutant protein structures, and evaluated the impact of mutation by employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis. Our results show that W239R and W308C variants are likely to be highly deleterious mutations found in the catalytic kinase domain, which may destabilize structure and disrupt the activation of the STK11 protein as well as reduce its catalytic efficiency. The W239R mutant is likely to have a greater impact on destabilizing the protein structure compared to the W308C mutant. In conclusion, these mutants can help to further realize the large pool of disease susceptibilities linked with catalytic kinase domain activation of STK11 and assist to develop an effective drug for associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahirul Islam
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, 218 Elephant Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Foy's Lake, Khulshi- 4202, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Akib Mahmud Khan
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, 218 Elephant Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rimon Parves
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Foy's Lake, Khulshi- 4202, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nayeem Hossain
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, 218 Elephant Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A Halim
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, 218 Elephant Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
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25
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LKB1/AMPK Pathway and Drug Response in Cancer: A Therapeutic Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8730816. [PMID: 31781355 PMCID: PMC6874879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8730816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor gene Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) are frequently detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cervical carcinoma. Moreover, LKB1 expression is epigenetically regulated in several tumor types. LKB1 has an established function in the control of cell metabolism and oxidative stress. Clinical and preclinical studies support a role of LKB1 as a central modifier of cellular response to different stress-inducing drugs, suggesting LKB1 pathway as a highly promising therapeutic target. Loss of LKB1-AMPK signaling confers sensitivity to energy depletion and to redox homeostasis impairment and has been associated with an improved outcome in advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the interplay between LKB1 and its downstream targets in cancer and focus on potential therapeutic strategies whose outcome could depend from LKB1.
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26
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Loss of Lkb1 impairs Treg function and stability to aggravate graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:483-495. [PMID: 31664223 PMCID: PMC7192841 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that a reduction in the number of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributes to the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), which is a major adverse complication that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the precise features and mechanism underlying the defects in Tregs remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Tregs were more dramatically decreased in bone marrow compared with those in peripheral blood from aGVHD patients and that bone marrow Treg defects were negatively associated with hematopoietic reconstitution. Tregs from aGVHD patients exhibited multiple defects, including the instability of Foxp3 expression, especially in response to IL-12, impaired suppressor function, decreased migratory capacity, and increased apoptosis. Transcriptional profiling revealed the downregulation of Lkb1, a previously identified critical regulator of murine Treg identity and metabolism, and murine Lkb1-regulated genes in Tregs from aGVHD patients. Foxp3 expression in human Tregs could be decreased and increased by the knockdown and overexpression of the Lkb1 gene, respectively. Furthermore, a loss-of-function assay in an aGVHD murine model confirmed that Lkb1 deficiency could impair Tregs and aggravate disease severity. These findings reveal that Lkb1 downregulation contributes to multiple defects in Tregs in human aGVHD and highlight the Lkb1-related pathways that could serve as therapeutic targets that may potentially be manipulated to mitigate aGVHD.
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27
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Li C, Huang Z, Zhu L, Yu X, Gao T, Feng J, Hong H, Yin H, Zhou T, Qi W, Yang Z, Liu C, Yang X, Gao G. The contrary intracellular and extracellular functions of PEDF in HCC development. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:742. [PMID: 31582735 PMCID: PMC6776659 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a classic angiogenic inhibitor, has been reported to function as a tumor suppression protein and to downregulate in many types of solid tumors. However, the expression level of PEDF and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are contradictory. The present study investigates the expression and different activities of secreted and intracellular PEDF during HCC development, as well as the underlying mechanism of PEDF on HCC lipid disorders. We found that PEDF had no association with patients' prognosis, although PEDF was highly expressed and inhibited angiogenesis in HCC tumor tissues. The animal experiments indicated that full-length PEDF exhibited equalizing effects on tumor growth activation and tumor angiogenesis inhibition in the late stage of HCC progression. Importantly, the pro-tumor activity was mediated by the intracellular PEDF, which causes accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in vivo and in vitro. Based on the correlation analysis of PEDF and lipid metabolic indexes in human HCC tissues, we demonstrated that the intracellular PEDF led to the accumulation of FFA and eventually promoted HCC cell growth by inhibiting the activation of AMPK via ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation, which causes increased de novo fatty acid synthesis and decreased FFA oxidation. Our findings revealed why elevated PEDF did not improve the patients' prognosis as the offsetting intracellular and extracellular activities. This study will lead to a comprehensive understanding of the diverse role of PEDF in HCC and provide a new selective strategy by supplement of extracellular PEDF and downregulation of intracellular PEDF for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Li
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Zhu
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhuan Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Saif MW, Rajagopal S, Caplain J, Grimm E, Serebrennikova O, Das M, Tsichlis PN, Martell R. A phase I delayed-start, randomized and pharmacodynamic study of metformin and chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1323-1331. [PMID: 31583436 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin activates AMP-related pathways leading to inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and suppression of its downstream effectors, crucial for cancer growth. Epidemiologic studies showed a reduced incidence and improved survival in cancer patients. We conducted a prospective phase I study to assess the safety of metformin in combination with chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors. METHODS We conducted a delayed-start randomized trial of non-diabetic patients in two stages. In Stage 1, we randomized patients to two arms: concurrent arm (metformin with chemo) vs. delayed arm (chemo alone). In Stage 2, patients in delayed arm were crossed over to receive metformin. Patients received metformin 500 mg twice daily with chemotherapy to define dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in both stages. Secondary endpoints assessed adverse events (AEs) and response rates. Translational correlates included effects of metformin on expression and phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by western blot in PBMCs. RESULTS A total of 100 patients were enrolled (51 in delayed arm vs. 49 concurrent arm). Rate of DLTs in patients receiving metformin with chemotherapy was 6.1% vs. 7.8% in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. DLTs seen with addition of metformin included those associated with established chemo adverse events. No lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia occurred. Restaging showed stable disease in 46% at cessation of metformin. 28% of patients with measurable tumor markers showed improvement. AMPK phosphorylation showed a four- to sixfold increase in AMPK phosphorylation after metformin. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest phase I study of metformin combined with chemotherapy, which suggests that metformin can be given safely with chemotherapy, and offers a platform for future studies. Post-metformin increase in AMPK phosphorylation may potentially explain lack of disease progression in nearly half of our patients. FUNDING UL1 TR001064. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT01442870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wasif Saif
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, 1111 Marcus Avenue, 2nd Floor, Lake Success, NY, 11042, USA.
- Tufts Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhumita Das
- Tufts Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Martell
- Tufts Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Roos JF, Qudsi M, Samara A, Rahim MM, Al-Bayedh SA, Ahmed H. Metformin for lung cancer prevention and improved survival: a novel approach. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 28:311-315. [PMID: 29481337 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased risk for the development of many types of cancer. Metformin, an oral medication and first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been suggested to reduce cancer risk and mortality in various types of cancer. This study focuses on assessing metformin association with lung cancer as reported in the literature. Recent studies and reviews investigating metformin effects on lung cancer incidence and patient survival are critically and systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Roos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College
| | - Mariam Qudsi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College
| | - Arwa Samara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College
| | - Madina M Rahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College
| | - Samar A Al-Bayedh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College
| | - Hafez Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Duan FX, Gu GL, Yang HR, Yu PF, Zhang Z. Must Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients have the LKB1/STK11 gene mutation? A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:224-232. [PMID: 30148152 PMCID: PMC6107527 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i8.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease, which is characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation and multiple gastrointestinal hamartoma polyps. The germline mutation of LKB1/STK11 gene on chromosome 19p13.3 is considered to be the hereditary cause of PJS. However, must a patient with PJS have the LKB1/STK11 gene mutation? We here report a case of a male patient who had typical manifestations of PJS and a definite family history, but did not have LKB1/STK11 gene mutation. By means of high-throughput sequencing technology, only mutations in APC gene (c.6662T > C: p.Met2221Thr) and MSH6 gene (c.3488A > T: p.Glu1163Val) were detected. The missense mutations in APC and MSH6 gene may lead to abnormalities in structure and function of their expression products, and may result in the occurrence of PJS. This study suggests that some other genetic disorders may cause PJS besides LKB1/STK11 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xiao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo-Li Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hai-Rui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100142, China
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31
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor LKB1 is an essential serine/threonine kinase, which regulates various cellular processes such as cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell migration. Germline mutations in the STK11 gene (encoding LKB1) are the cause of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, which is characterized by benign polyps in the intestine and a higher risk for the patients to develop intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. Moreover, mutations and misregulation of LKB1 have been reported to occur in most types of tumors and are among the most common aberrations in lung cancer. LKB1 activates several downstream kinases of the AMPK family by direct phosphorylation in the T-loop. In particular the activation of AMPK upon energetic stress has been intensively analyzed in various diseases, including cancer to induce a metabolic switch from anabolism towards catabolism to regulate energy homeostasis and cell survival. In contrast, the regulation of LKB1 itself has long been only poorly understood. Only in the last years, several proteins and posttranslational modifications of LKB1 have been analyzed to control its localization, activity and recognition of substrates. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the upstream regulation of LKB1, which is important for the understanding of the pathogenesis of many types of tumors.
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32
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A Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) screen detects an AMPK inhibitor with selective toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3770. [PMID: 29491475 PMCID: PMC5830883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK is a serine threonine kinase composed of a heterotrimer of a catalytic, kinase-containing α and regulatory β and γ subunits. Here we show that individual AMPK subunit expression and requirement for survival varies across colon cancer cell lines. While AMPKα1 expression is relatively consistent across colon cancer cell lines, AMPKα1 depletion does not induce cell death. Conversely, AMPKα2 is expressed at variable levels in colon cancer cells. In high expressing SW480 and moderate expressing HCT116 colon cancer cells, siRNA-mediated depletion induces cell death. These data suggest that AMPK kinase inhibition may be a useful component of future therapeutic strategies. We used Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) to screen a natural product library to identify compounds that were inhibitors of AMPK to test its potential for detecting small molecules with preferential toxicity toward human colon tumor cells. FUSION identified 5′-hydroxy-staurosporine, which competitively inhibits AMPK. Human colon cancer cell lines are notably more sensitive to 5′-hydroxy-staurosporine than are non-transformed human colon epithelial cells. This study serves as proof-of-concept for unbiased FUSION-based detection of small molecule inhibitors of therapeutic targets and highlights its potential to identify novel compounds for cancer therapy development.
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33
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Flowers EM, Sudderth J, Zacharias L, Mernaugh G, Zent R, DeBerardinis RJ, Carroll TJ. Lkb1 deficiency confers glutamine dependency in polycystic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:814. [PMID: 29483507 PMCID: PMC5827653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Several studies reported that the serine-threonine kinase Lkb1 is dysregulated in PKD. Here we show that genetic ablation of Lkb1 in the embryonic ureteric bud has no effects on tubule formation, maintenance, or growth. However, co-ablation of Lkb1 and Tsc1, an mTOR repressor, results in an early developing, aggressive form of PKD. We find that both loss of Lkb1 and loss of Pkd1 render cells dependent on glutamine for growth. Metabolomics analysis suggests that Lkb1 mutant kidneys require glutamine for non-essential amino acid and glutathione metabolism. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism in both Lkb1/Tsc1 and Pkd1 mutant mice significantly reduces cyst progression. Thus, we identify a role for Lkb1 in glutamine metabolism within the kidney epithelia and suggest that drugs targeting glutamine metabolism may help reduce cyst number and/or size in PKD. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the formation of large fluid-filled cysts. Here Flowers and colleagues show that loss of Lkb1, downregulated in PKD, renders kidney cells dependent on glutamine for growth, and suggest that inhibition of glutamine metabolism may prevent cyst development in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony M Flowers
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UTSW, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lauren Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UTSW, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veteran Affairs Hospital Nashville, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UTSW, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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34
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Tan H, Wei X, Yang P, Huang Y, Li H, Liang D, Wu L. A lesson from a reported pathogenic variant in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a case report. Fam Cancer 2018; 16:417-422. [PMID: 28185117 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, gastrointestinal (GI) hamartmatous polyps, and an increased risk of various malignancies. Pathogenic variants in the LKB1 tumor suppressor gene (also known as STK11) are the major cause of PJS. In this study, compound heterozygous variants of LKB1, c.890G > A/ c.1062C > G and del(exon1)/ c.1062C > G, were identified in two sporadic Chinese PJS cases respectively. Although all these three variants had been related to the autosomal dominant PJS in previous studies, all evidences collected in this study including de novo data, segregation data, population data, in-silico data, and functional data indicated that del(exon1) and c.890G > A are pathogenic in these two PJS families rather than c.1062C > G. This finding would contribute to genetic counseling for individuals carrying the variant c.1062C > G with or without PJS phenotypes. Moreover, this finding reminds genetic counselors that it is necessary to reevaluate the pathogenicity of reported variants in a known Mendelian disorder in order to avoid a misleading decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xianda Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Pu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Haoxian Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China. .,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Li R, Wang Z, Liu S, Wu B, Zeng D, Zhang Y, Gong L, Deng F, Zheng H, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Jiang B. Two novel STK11 missense mutations induce phosphorylation of S6K and promote cell proliferation in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:717-726. [PMID: 29399144 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary disease caused by mutations in serine threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and characterized by an increased risk of developing cancer. Inactivation of STK11 has been associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Hyperactivation and phosphorylation of the key downstream target genes ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and S6 promote protein synthesis and cell proliferation. To better understand the effects of STK11 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PJS, genomic DNA samples from 21 patients with PJS from 11 unrelated families were investigated for STK11 mutations in the present study. The results revealed 6 point mutations and 2 large deletions in 8 (72.7%, 8/11) of the unrelated families. Notably, 3 novel mutations were identified, which included 2 missense mutations [c.88G>A (p.Asp30Asn) and c.869T>C (p.Leu290Pro)]. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed staining for phosphorylated-S6 protein in colonic hamartoma and breast benign tumor tissues from patients with PJS carrying the two respective missense mutations. Additionally, the novel missense STK11 mutants induced phosphorylation of S6K1 and S6, determined using western blot analysis, and promoted the proliferation of HeLa and SW1116 cells, determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Collectively, these findings extend the STK11 mutation spectrum and confirm the pathogenicity of two novel missense mutations. This study represents a valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Baoping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lanbo Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haoxuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Chudi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
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Zhao ZY, Jiang YL, Li BR, Yang F, Li J, Jin XW, Ning SB, Sun SH. Sanger sequencing in exonic regions of STK11 gene uncovers a novel de-novo germline mutation (c.962_963delCC) associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and elevated cancer risk: case report of a Chinese patient. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:130. [PMID: 29141581 PMCID: PMC5688745 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, STK11, and is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomas, melanin spots on the lips and the extremities, and an increased risk of developing cancer. Case presentation We reported an isolated PJS patient who died of colon cancer, whose blood sample was collected together with all the available family members’. The entire coding region of the STK11 gene was amplified by PCR and analyzed by Sanger sequencing, through which, a novel mutation, c.962_963delCC in exon 8 was identified in this patient. This mutation causes a frameshift mutation and a premature termination at codon 358. Protein structure prediction by Swiss-Model indicated a dramatic change and partial loss of the C-terminal domain. We did not observe this mutation in both parents of the proband. Therefore, it is considered a novel de-novo mutation. Furthermore, the mutation was not found in 50 unrelated healthy people. Conclusions The novel mutation we reported here had not been recorded in databases or literature, and the patient who possessed it suffered from PJS and colon cancer. So our results enlarge the spectrum of STK11 variants in PJS patients. This mutation is most likely responsible for development of the PJS phenotype, especially the cancer occurrence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0471-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ye Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu-Liang Jiang
- Hebei North University, 11 South Zuanshi Rd., Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, 075061, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Airforce General Hospital of PLA, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bai-Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Airforce General Hospital of PLA, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Airforce General Hospital of PLA, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Airforce General Hospital of PLA, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shou-Bin Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Airforce General Hospital of PLA, 30 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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A 23-Nucleotide Deletion in STK11 Gene Causes Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Malignancy in a Chinese Patient Without a Positive Family History. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3014-3020. [PMID: 28986664 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, STK11, which is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomas, melanin spots on the lips and the extremities, and an increased risk of developing both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal malignancies. METHODS AND RESULTS We treated a PJS patient without a positive family history, who possessed typical clinical manifestations including polyp canceration. In order to explore the genotype of this patient, blood samples were collected from all the available family members. The whole coding region and the flanking regions of the STK11 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Molecular analysis of the STK11 gene here revealed a 23-nucleotide deletion (c.426-448delCGTGCCGGAGAAGCGTTTCCCAG) in exon 3, resulting in a change of 13 codons and a truncating protein (p.S142SfsX13). This mutation was not found in normal individuals in this family including her parents or in 100 control individuals. Protein structure prediction indicated a dramatic loss of the kinase domain and complete loss of the C-terminal regulatory domain. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here enlarge the spectrum of STK11 mutation both disease-causing and malignancy-causing.
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LKB1 as a Tumor Suppressor in Uterine Cancer: Mouse Models and Translational Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:211-241. [PMID: 27910069 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The LKB1 tumor suppressor was identified in 1998 as the gene mutated in the Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), a hereditary cancer predisposition characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis and a high incidence of cancers, particularly carcinomas, at a variety of anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and female reproductive tract. Women with PJS have a high incidence of carcinomas of the uterine corpus (endometrium) and cervix. The LKB1 gene is also somatically mutated in human cancers arising at these sites. Work in mouse models has highlighted the potency of LKB1 as an endometrial tumor suppressor and its distinctive roles in driving invasive and metastatic growth. These in vivo models represent tractable experimental systems for the discovery of underlying biological principles and molecular processes regulated by LKB1 in the context of tumorigenesis and also serve as useful preclinical model systems for experimental therapeutics. Here we review LKB1's known roles in mTOR signaling, metabolism, and cell polarity, with an emphasis on human pathology and mouse models relevant to uterine carcinogenesis, including cancers of the uterine corpus and cervix.
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Blackmore K, Zhou W, Dailey MJ. LKB1-AMPK modulates nutrient-induced changes in the mode of division of intestinal epithelial crypt cells in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1490-1498. [PMID: 28766983 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217724427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability influences intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation and tissue growth. Increases in food result in a greater number of epithelial cells, villi height and crypt depth. We investigated whether this nutrient-driven expansion of the tissue is the result of a change in the mode of intestinal epithelial stem cell division and if LKB1-AMPK signaling plays a role. We utilized in vivo and in vitro experiments to test this hypothesis. C57BL/6J mice were separated into four groups and fed varying amounts of chow for 18 h: (1) ad libitum, (2) 50% of their average daily intake (3) fasted or (4) fasted for 12 h and refed. Mice were sacrificed, intestinal sections excised and immunohistochemically processed to determine the mitotic spindle orientation. Epithelial organoids in vitro were treated with no (0 mM), low (5 mM) or high (20 mM) amounts of glucose with or without an activator (Metformin) or inhibitor (Compound C) of LKB1-AMPK signaling. Cells were then processed to determine the mode of stem cell division. Fasted mice show a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the other feeding groups. Organoids incubated with 0 mM glucose resulted in a greater % of asymmetrically dividing cells compared with the low or high-glucose conditions. In addition, LKB1-AMPK activation attenuated the % of symmetric division normally seen in high-glucose conditions. In contrast, LKB1-AMPK inhibition attenuated the % of asymmetric division normally seen in no glucose conditions. These data suggest that nutrient availability dictates the mode of division and that LKB1-AMPK mediates this nutrient-driven effect on intestinal epithelial stem cell proliferation. Impact statement The underlying cell biology of changes in the polarity of mitotic spindles and its relevance to tissue growth is a new concept and, thus, these data provide novel findings to begin to explain how this process contributes to the regeneration and growth of tissues. We find that short-term changes in food intake in vivo or glucose availability in vitro dictate the mode of division of crypt cells. In addition, we find that LKB1-AMPK signaling modulates the glucose-induced changes in the mode of division in vitro. Identifying mechanisms involved in the mode of division may provide new targets to control tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weinan Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Coordinated cell motility is regulated by a combination of LKB1 farnesylation and kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40929. [PMID: 28102310 PMCID: PMC5244416 DOI: 10.1038/srep40929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility requires the precise coordination of cell polarization, lamellipodia formation, adhesion, and force generation. LKB1 is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase that associates with actin at the cellular leading edge of motile cells and suppresses FAK. We sought to understand how LKB1 coordinates these multiple events by systematically dissecting LKB1 protein domain function in combination with live cell imaging and computational approaches. We show that LKB1-actin colocalization is dependent upon LKB1 farnesylation leading to RhoA-ROCK-mediated stress fiber formation, but membrane dynamics is reliant on LKB1 kinase activity. We propose that LKB1 kinase activity controls membrane dynamics through FAK since loss of LKB1 kinase activity results in morphologically defective nascent adhesion sites. In contrast, defective farnesylation mislocalizes nascent adhesion sites, suggesting that LKB1 farnesylation serves as a targeting mechanism for properly localizing adhesion sites during cell motility. Together, we propose a model where coordination of LKB1 farnesylation and kinase activity serve as a multi-step mechanism to coordinate cell motility during migration.
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Zhang Y, Ke Y, Zheng X, Liu Q, Duan X. Correlation between genotype and phenotype in three families with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:507-514. [PMID: 28352323 PMCID: PMC5348679 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentations, gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis and an increased risk of certain malignancies. Little is known about the causative genes of PJS, or their association with the clinical phenotypes of PJS. The present study reports the results of clinical and genetic analysis of three Chinese families with PJS. In addition, the medical histories and clinical manifestations of these families were compared. DNA was collected from the blood samples of patients with PJS and controls. Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily C member 45 (OR4C45) and zonadhesin (ZAN) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed by sequencing and cloning. Two PJS-affected members of one family had a de novo single base deletion (NM_000455.4:c.842delC) in the STK11 gene, and their clinical presentations reflected the quantity of mutant STK11 copies in a dose-dependent manner. No pathogenic variants of OR4C45 or ZAN were found in the patients with PJS, although a new single nucleotide polymorphism (NM_003386.2:c.5768delG) of ZAN was identified. The results of the current study identified that a STK11 mutation dose-dependent genotype-phenotype relationship exists in patients with PJS. In addition, an early onset and high severity of oral pigmentations in PJS was indicative of serious GI phenotypes. These findings may aid the diagnosis and treatment of PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xueni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Tan H, Mei L, Huang Y, Yang P, Li H, Peng Y, Chen C, Wei X, Pan Q, Liang D, Wu L. Three novel mutations of STK11 gene in Chinese patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:77. [PMID: 27821076 PMCID: PMC5100203 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) hamartomatous polyps, mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, and an increased risk of cancer. Mutations in the serine–threonine kinase 11 gene (SKT11) are the major cause of PJS. Case presentation Blood samples were collected from six PJS families including eight patients. Mutation screening of STK11 gene was performed in these six families by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. Three novel mutations (c.721G > C, c.645_726del82, and del(exon2–5)) and three recurrent mutations (c.752G > A, c.545 T > C and del(exon1)) in STK11 were detected in six Chinese PJS families. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggested that truncating mutations trend to result in severe complications. Conclusion These findings broaden the mutation spectrum of the STK11 gene and would help clinicians and genetic counselors provide better clinical surveillance for PJS patients, especially for ones carrying truncating mutation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0339-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Libin Mei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Pu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Haoxian Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ying Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xianda Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qian Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Lingqian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Chen C, Zhang X, Wang D, Wang F, Pan J, Wang Z, Liu C, Wu L, Lu H, Li N, Wei J, Shi H, Wan H, Zhu M, Chen S, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Yang L, Liu J. Genetic Screening and Analysis of LKB1 Gene in Chinese Patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3628-3640. [PMID: 27721366 PMCID: PMC5070620 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. It severely decreases patient quality of life and leads elevated cancer risk. Germline mutation of LKB1 is the leading cause of familial PJS. MATERIAL AND METHODS To characterize the germline mutation of LKB1 gene in Chinese familial and sporadic PJS patients, 14 PJS families, 5 sporadic PJS patients, and 250 healthy adults were collected and genomic DNAs of peripheral blood were extracted. Mutation screenings of LKB1 were performed using MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification), PCR, direct sequencing, and PCR-DHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography). RESULTS A total of 12 kinds of germline mutations were found in 9 familial PJS patients, most of which were point mutations (7/12); 4 large deletions of LKB1 were also observed. Of the 12 mutations, 7 were pathogenic (2 were de novo), 4 were just polymorphisms, and 1 was indefinitely pathogenic. No pathogenic mutation in exons of the LKB1 gene was detected in the 5 sporadic PJS patients. The mutation detection rate for the LKB1 gene was 85.7% in our Chinese familial PJS and 63.2% in all Chinese PJS patients. Eight familial PJS patients were identified with pathogenic germline mutations in 14 unrelated families (57.1%). Further methylation detection and analysis showed promoter methylation in carcinomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS LKB1 gene germline mutation with pathogenic effect is a common cause of familial PJS in Chinese patients; however, it is not the only molecular pathogen of PJS. Methylation in the LKB1 gene promoter region may cause carcinomatous change in intestinal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Deqiang Wang
- The Cancer Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenkai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Haijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Senqing Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a signalling cascade conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to mammals. The mammalian core kinase components comprise MST1 and MST2, SAV1, LATS1 and LATS2 and MOB1A and MOB1B. The transcriptional co-activators YAP1 and TAZ are the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway and regulate target gene expression. Hippo signalling has crucial roles in the control of organ size, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. Mammalian intestine consists of a stem cell compartment as well as differentiated cells, and its ability to regenerate rapidly after injury makes it an excellent model system to study tissue homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Several studies have established the important role of the Hippo pathway in these processes. In addition, crosstalk between Hippo and other signalling pathways provides tight, yet versatile, regulation of tissue homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize studies on the role of the Hippo pathway in the intestine on these physiological processes and the underlying mechanisms responsible, and discuss future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Hippo signalling in intestinal disease.
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Ham S, Brown KA, Simpson ER, Meachem SJ. Immunolocalisation of aromatase regulators liver kinase B1, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription co-activators in the human testis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 29:RD15390. [PMID: 26946412 DOI: 10.1071/rd15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oestrogens are essential for spermatogenesis and their biosynthesis is dependent on aromatase expression, the molecular mechanism of aromatase regulation is poorly understood. Our laboratory has demonstrated that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a negative regulator of aromatase in the breast by phosphorylating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription co-activator (CRTC) 2. The aim of this study was to determine the location of testis-associated proteins in the LKB1-CRTC pathway. Aromatase, LKB1, phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) and CRTC1-3 were examined by selected immunofluorescent antibodies in testis samples from a prepubertal boy and three fertile men. Aromatase, pAMPK and LKB1 proteins were present in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitium of the testis and were expressed in a differential and developmental manner in particular cell types. The expression pattern of LKB1 was similar to that of pAMPK and inversely related to aromatase expression. CRTC1 and CRTC3 were localised in the seminiferous epithelium, whereas CRTC2 was barely detectable in testis. These results lead to the conclusion that LKB1 is involved in the molecular pathway that underpins aromatase regulation in the testis via CRTC1 and CRTC3 and may be important for the oestrogen-mediated development of germ cells.
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Ishida H, Tajima Y, Gonda T, Kumamoto K, Ishibashi K, Iwama T. Update on our investigation of malignant tumors associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in Japan. Surg Today 2016; 46:1231-42. [PMID: 26746637 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the recent incidence of malignant tumors associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in Japan to clarify if there are any differences in malignant tumor risk and the spectrum of malignancies by reviewing the literature on this subject. METHODS We reviewed PJS cases reported in 1115 papers in Japan between January, 1989 and December, 2014. RESULTS Malignant tumors were identified in 186 of the total 583 PJS cases from 523 evaluable studies. The estimated cumulative risk of a malignant tumor was 83.0 % at 70 years of age. Compared with a previous study, on a collective 91 cases reported up until 1988 in Japan, the reported proportion of gastrointestinal malignancies decreased, from 82.4 to 48.3 %, whereas that of gynecological malignancies increased, from 8.8 to 34.3 % (P < 0.01). Moreover, breast cancers were occasionally reported (4.8 %), even though none were reported in the previous study. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was the most common malignant tumor (46.8 %) among women with PJS. CONCLUSIONS The increased number of reports of cervical adenocarcinoma in women with PJS is the prominent trend in Japan, and a subject of concern among gynecologists. The risk of breast cancer seems to be increasing, but confirmation of this trend will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ishida
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Tajima
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Gonda
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumamoto
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Takeo Iwama
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
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Creixell P, Schoof EM, Simpson CD, Longden J, Miller CJ, Lou HJ, Perryman L, Cox TR, Zivanovic N, Palmeri A, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Helmer-Citterich M, Ferkinghoff-Borg J, Itamochi H, Bodenmiller B, Erler JT, Turk BE, Linding R. Kinome-wide decoding of network-attacking mutations rewiring cancer signaling. Cell 2015; 163:202-17. [PMID: 26388441 PMCID: PMC4644236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire pathological phenotypes through accumulation of mutations that perturb signaling networks. However, global analysis of these events is currently limited. Here, we identify six types of network-attacking mutations (NAMs), including changes in kinase and SH2 modulation, network rewiring, and the genesis and extinction of phosphorylation sites. We developed a computational platform (ReKINect) to identify NAMs and systematically interpreted the exomes and quantitative (phospho-)proteomes of five ovarian cancer cell lines and the global cancer genome repository. We identified and experimentally validated several NAMs, including PKCγ M501I and PKD1 D665N, which encode specificity switches analogous to the appearance of kinases de novo within the kinome. We discover mutant molecular logic gates, a drift toward phospho-threonine signaling, weakening of phosphorylation motifs, and kinase-inactivating hotspots in cancer. Our method pinpoints functional NAMs, scales with the complexity of cancer genomes and cell signaling, and may enhance our capability to therapeutically target tumor-specific networks. Mutations perturbing signaling networks are systematically classified and interpreted Several such functional mutations are identified in cancer and experimentally validated The results suggest that a single point mutant can have profound signaling effects Systematic interpretation of genomic data may assist future precision-medicine efforts
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Creixell
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Craig D Simpson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Longden
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chad J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lara Perryman
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nevena Zivanovic
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Palmeri
- Centre for Molecular Bioinformatics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jesper Ferkinghoff-Borg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rune Linding
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mao KS, Li MS, Zhou J. Update on the roles of liver kinase B1 in pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3086-3093. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i19.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations of the liver kinase B1 (STK11/LKB1) gene which encodes a serine/threonine kinase is responsible for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. There are 14 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinases in pathways downstream of LKB1, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as regulation of energy metabolism, cell polarity and apoptosis in cells. LKB1 gene mutation has been investigated extensively in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is commonly recognized as a disease with extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, a full understanding of its molecular pathology is critical. This review aims to elucidate the structure, distribution, and function of LKB1, and the relationship with pancreatic cancer. In addition, we also point out that in some scenarios, LKB1 may play a role as a tumor protector.
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[Hereditary predisposition to cancers of the digestive tract, breast, gynecological and gonadal: focus on the Peutz-Jeghers]. Bull Cancer 2015; 101:813-22. [PMID: 25036236 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2014.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease due to mutations in the tumor suppressor gene STK11. PJS is characterized by periorificial hyperpigmented macules (lentiginosis) and hamartomatous polyposis. Polyps can be located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but are preferably observed in the small bowel (70-90%), the colon (50%) and the stomach (25%). They tend to be cancerous in a particular sequence hamartoma-dysplasia-cancer. The diagnosis is often made in the first or second decade following the appearance of lentigines or upon the occurrence of complications due to polyps (obstruction, intussusception, occult bleeding responsible for anemia). Furthermore PJS is associated with a significant increase in cancer risk (relative risk of 89% over the life according to the most recent series). Digestive cancers are the more frequent with cumulative incidences of 55% for gastro-intestinal cancer (39% for colorectal cancer, 13% for small bowel cancer and between 11 and 36% for pancreatic cancer, respectively). There is also an increased risk of non digestive cancers. In particular the risk of breast cancer is similar to that of patients carrying deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (cumulative incidence of 45%). Gynecological and gonadal tumors are frequent as well and can be more (adenoma malignum) or less aggressive (ovarian sex cord tumors with annular tubules and testicular tumors with calcified Sertoli cells). Finally the frequency of lung cancer is moderately increased. Recommendations for screening and management based on retrospective series in the literature have led to various strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical and molecular diagnostic criteria of PJS as well as recommendations on screening strategies, management and monitoring.
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Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cancer development. Metformin is a well-established, effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies have identified an association between metformin use and a beneficial effect on cancer prevention and treatment, which has led to increasing interest in the potential use of metformin as an anticancer agent. Basic science has provided a better understanding of the mechanism of action of metformin and the potential for metformin to modulate molecular pathways involved in cancer cell signaling and metabolism. This article outlines the link between metformin and cancer, the potential for metformin in oncology, and limitations of currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Morales
- Population Health Sciences Division, Medical Research Institute, and
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