1
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Burrill N, Crane H, Khalek N, Soni S, Wild KT, Skraban C, McManus M, Szigety K, Oliver ER, Partridge E, Agarwal S, Fisher A, Wang J, Moldenhauer JS. Expansion of the prenatal phenotype of Baraitser-Winter syndrome: Presentation of two cases of multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63719. [PMID: 38789278 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a variable multiple congenital anomaly condition, typically presenting postnatally with neurocognitive delays, distinctive facial features, cortical brain malformations, and in some, a variety of additional congenital malformations. However, only a few cases have reported the prenatal presentation of this syndrome. Here, we report two cases of BWCFF and their associated prenatal findings. One case presented with non-immune hydrops fetalis and a horseshoe kidney and was found to have a de novo heterozygous variant in ACTB (c.158A>G). The second case presented with gastroschisis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and oligohydramnios, and was found to harbor a different de novo variant in ACTB (c.826G>A). Limited reports exist describing prenatally identified anomalies that include fetal growth restriction, increased nuchal fold, bilateral hydronephrosis, rocker bottom foot, talipes, cystic hygroma, omphalocele, and hydrops fetalis. In addition, only three of these cases have included detailed prenatal imaging findings. The two prenatal cases presented here demonstrate an expansion of the prenatal phenotype of BWCFF to include gastroschisis, lymphatic involvement, and oligohydramnios, which should each warrant consideration of this diagnosis in the setting of additional anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrill
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haley Crane
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nahla Khalek
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shelly Soni
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Taylor Wild
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cara Skraban
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morgan McManus
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Szigety
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward R Oliver
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Partridge
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonika Agarwal
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie S Moldenhauer
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Warren B, Eberl D. What can insects teach us about hearing loss? J Physiol 2024; 602:297-316. [PMID: 38128023 DOI: 10.1113/jp281281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, insects have been utilized to provide a deep and fundamental understanding of many human diseases and disorders. Here, we present arguments for insects as models to understand general principles underlying hearing loss. Despite ∼600 million years since the last common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates, we share an overwhelming degree of genetic homology particularly with respect to auditory organ development and maintenance. Despite the anatomical differences between human and insect auditory organs, both share physiological principles of operation. We explain why these observations are expected and highlight areas in hearing loss research in which insects can provide insight. We start by briefly introducing the evolutionary journey of auditory organs, the reasons for using insect auditory organs for hearing loss research, and the tools and approaches available in insects. Then, the first half of the review focuses on auditory development and auditory disorders with a genetic cause. The second half analyses the physiological and genetic consequences of ageing and short- and long-term changes as a result of noise exposure. We finish with complex age and noise interactions in auditory systems. In this review, we present some of the evidence and arguments to support the use of insects to study mechanisms and potential treatments for hearing loss in humans. Obviously, insects cannot fully substitute for all aspects of human auditory function and loss of function, although there are many important questions that can be addressed in an animal model for which there are important ethical, practical and experimental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Warren
- Neurogenetics Group, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Eberl
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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3
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Oosterheert W, Blanc FEC, Roy A, Belyy A, Sanders MB, Hofnagel O, Hummer G, Bieling P, Raunser S. Molecular mechanisms of inorganic-phosphate release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1774-1785. [PMID: 37749275 PMCID: PMC10643162 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from actin filaments constitutes a key step in their regulated turnover, which is fundamental to many cellular functions. The mechanisms underlying Pi release from the core and barbed end of actin filaments remain unclear. Here, using human and bovine actin isoforms, we combine cryo-EM with molecular-dynamics simulations and in vitro reconstitution to demonstrate how actin releases Pi through a 'molecular backdoor'. While constantly open at the barbed end, the backdoor is predominantly closed in filament-core subunits and opens only transiently through concerted amino acid rearrangements. This explains why Pi escapes rapidly from the filament end but slowly from internal subunits. In a nemaline-myopathy-associated actin variant, the backdoor is predominantly open in filament-core subunits, resulting in accelerated Pi release and filaments with drastically shortened ADP-Pi caps. Our results provide the molecular basis for Pi release from actin and exemplify how a disease-linked mutation distorts the nucleotide-state distribution and atomic structure of the filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Oosterheert
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Florian E C Blanc
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ankit Roy
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Belyy
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Micaela Boiero Sanders
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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4
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Baxi AB, Nemes P, Moody SA. Time-resolved quantitative proteomic analysis of the developing Xenopus otic vesicle reveals putative congenital hearing loss candidates. iScience 2023; 26:107665. [PMID: 37670778 PMCID: PMC10475516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 200 genes are known to underlie human congenital hearing loss (CHL). Although transcriptomic approaches have identified candidate regulators of otic development, little is known about the abundance of their protein products. We used a multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to determine protein abundances over key stages of Xenopus otic morphogenesis to reveal a dynamic expression of cytoskeletal, integrin signaling, and extracellular matrix proteins. We correlated these dynamically expressed proteins to previously published lists of putative downstream targets of human syndromic hearing loss genes: SIX1 (BOR syndrome), CHD7 (CHARGE syndrome), and SOX10 (Waardenburg syndrome). We identified transforming growth factor beta-induced (Tgfbi), an extracellular integrin-interacting protein, as a putative target of Six1 that is required for normal otic vesicle formation. Our findings demonstrate the application of this Xenopus dataset to understanding the dynamic regulation of proteins during otic development and to discovery of additional candidates for human CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna B. Baxi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sally A. Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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5
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Lacoste J, Haghighi M, Haider S, Lin ZY, Segal D, Reno C, Qian WW, Xiong X, Shafqat-Abbasi H, Ryder PV, Senft R, Cimini BA, Roth FP, Calderwood M, Hill D, Vidal M, Yi SS, Sahni N, Peng J, Gingras AC, Singh S, Carpenter AE, Taipale M. Pervasive mislocalization of pathogenic coding variants underlying human disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556368. [PMID: 37732209 PMCID: PMC10508771 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Widespread sequencing has yielded thousands of missense variants predicted or confirmed as disease-causing. This creates a new bottleneck: determining the functional impact of each variant - largely a painstaking, customized process undertaken one or a few genes or variants at a time. Here, we established a high-throughput imaging platform to assay the impact of coding variation on protein localization, evaluating 3,547 missense variants of over 1,000 genes and phenotypes. We discovered that mislocalization is a common consequence of coding variation, affecting about one-sixth of all pathogenic missense variants, all cellular compartments, and recessive and dominant disorders alike. Mislocalization is primarily driven by effects on protein stability and membrane insertion rather than disruptions of trafficking signals or specific interactions. Furthermore, mislocalization patterns help explain pleiotropy and disease severity and provide insights on variants of unknown significance. Our publicly available resource will likely accelerate the understanding of coding variation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lacoste
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marzieh Haghighi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shahan Haider
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dmitri Segal
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chloe Reno
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Wesley Wei Qian
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Rebecca Senft
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Frederick P. Roth
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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6
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Kola S, Kandadai RM, Kashyap M, Deepak S, Prasad VVSRK, Alugolu R, Borgohain R. Dystonia Deafness Syndrome: A Rare Deep Brain Stimulation Responsive Dystonia. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:766-768. [PMID: 38022471 PMCID: PMC10666884 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_319_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia deafness syndrome (DDS) is a rare syndrome characterized by childhood onset sensorineural deafness followed by adult-onset dystonia. We here report the first case of DDS from India caused by ACTB gene mutation presented with deafness, generalized dystonia and scoliosis who showed improvement after Deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Kola
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - Rukmini Mridula Kandadai
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - Mansi Kashyap
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Deepak
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - VVSRK Prasad
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Alugolu
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Research Centre (PDMDRC), Citi Neuro Centre, Telangana, India
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7
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Cardozo MJ, Sánchez-Bustamante E, Bovolenta P. Optic cup morphogenesis across species and related inborn human eye defects. Development 2023; 150:286775. [PMID: 36714981 PMCID: PMC10110496 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate eye is shaped as a cup, a conformation that optimizes vision and is acquired early in development through a process known as optic cup morphogenesis. Imaging living, transparent teleost embryos and mammalian stem cell-derived organoids has provided insights into the rearrangements that eye progenitors undergo to adopt such a shape. Molecular and pharmacological interference with these rearrangements has further identified the underlying molecular machineries and the physical forces involved in this morphogenetic process. In this Review, we summarize the resulting scenarios and proposed models that include common and species-specific events. We further discuss how these studies and those in environmentally adapted blind species may shed light on human inborn eye malformations that result from failures in optic cup morphogenesis, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Cardozo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-Bustamante
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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8
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Straccia G, Reale C, Castellani M, Colangelo I, Orunesu E, Meoni S, Moro E, Krack P, Prokisch H, Zech M, Romito LM, Garavaglia B. ACTB gene mutation in combined Dystonia-Deafness syndrome with parkinsonism: Expanding the phenotype and highlighting the long-term GPi DBS outcome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 104:3-6. [PMID: 36183459 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a Dystonia-Deafness syndrome patient treated by pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation with significant long-term benefits. Our study expands and confirms the complex phenotypic spectrum of ACTB gene-related disorders and supports the effectiveness of pallidal stimulation on motor outcomes and quality of life in dystonia due to ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Straccia
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Neurology and Stroke Unit, C.T.O. Hospital, A.O.R.N. "Ospedali dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Reale
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Colangelo
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Orunesu
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Meoni
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Moro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Luigi Michele Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Wan X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Guo Y. Dystonia-Deafness Syndrome Response to Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:1124-1127. [PMID: 36339314 PMCID: PMC9631836 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Auricular ReconstructionPlastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Department of NeurologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yingmai Yang
- Department of NeurologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
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10
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Diab E, Morin G, Hery L, Barbier V, Cottin G, Jobic F, Tir M. Catatonic syndrome and Baraitser Winter syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104559. [PMID: 35803559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Diab
- Department of Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France.
| | - G Morin
- Department of Clinical Genetic, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - L Hery
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - V Barbier
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - G Cottin
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - F Jobic
- Department of Clinical Genetic, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - M Tir
- Department of Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
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11
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Frameshift mutation S368fs in the gene encoding cytoskeletal β-actin leads to ACTB-associated syndromic thrombocytopenia by impairing actin dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Nie K, Huang J, Liu L, Lv H, Chen D, Fan W. Identification of a De Novo Heterozygous Missense ACTB Variant in Baraitser–Winter Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:828120. [PMID: 35401677 PMCID: PMC8989421 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Baraitser–Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF, OMIM: 243310) is a rare autosomal-dominant developmental disorder associated with variants in the genes ACTB or ACTG1. It is characterized by brain malformations, a distinctive facial appearance, ocular coloboma, and intellectual disability. However, the phenotypes of BWCFF are heterogenous, and its molecular pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we conducted detailed clinical examinations on a Chinese patient with BWCFF and found novel ocular manifestations including pseudoduplication of the optic disc and nystagmus. Targeted gene panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense c.478A > G (p.Thr160Ala) variant in ACTB. The mRNA and protein expression of ACTB was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blots. Furthermore, the functional effects of the pathogenic variant were analyzed by protein structure analysis, which indicated that the variant may affect the active site for ATP hydrolysis by the actin ATPase, resulting in abnormal filamentous actin organization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This discovery extends the ACTB variant spectrum, which will improve genetic counseling and diagnosis, and may contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of actin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Danian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
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13
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Zavala L, Ziegler G, Morón DG, Garretto N. Dystonia-Deafness Syndrome: ACTB Pathogenic Variant in an Argentinean Family. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:122-124. [PMID: 35005077 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Zavala
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ziegler
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Dolores González Morón
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nélida Garretto
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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14
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Janowski M, Milewska M, Zare P, Pękowska A. Chromatin Alterations in Neurological Disorders and Strategies of (Epi)Genome Rescue. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:765. [PMID: 34451862 PMCID: PMC8399958 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions that affect the function of the nervous system. Often incurable, NDs have profound and detrimental consequences on the affected individuals' lives. NDs have complex etiologies but commonly feature altered gene expression and dysfunctions of the essential chromatin-modifying factors. Hence, compounds that target DNA and histone modification pathways, the so-called epidrugs, constitute promising tools to treat NDs. Yet, targeting the entire epigenome might reveal insufficient to modify a chosen gene expression or even unnecessary and detrimental to the patients' health. New technologies hold a promise to expand the clinical toolkit in the fight against NDs. (Epi)genome engineering using designer nucleases, including CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs, can potentially help restore the correct gene expression patterns by targeting a defined gene or pathway, both genetically and epigenetically, with minimal off-target activity. Here, we review the implication of epigenetic machinery in NDs. We outline syndromes caused by mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes and discuss the functional consequences of mutations in regulatory DNA in NDs. We review the approaches that allow modifying the (epi)genome, including tools based on TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, and we highlight how these new strategies could potentially change clinical practices in the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Pękowska
- Dioscuri Centre for Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.); (P.Z.)
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15
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Miyoshi T, Belyantseva IA, Kitajiri SI, Miyajima H, Nishio SY, Usami SI, Kim BJ, Choi BY, Omori K, Shroff H, Friedman TB. Human deafness-associated variants alter the dynamics of key molecules in hair cell stereocilia F-actin cores. Hum Genet 2021; 141:363-382. [PMID: 34232383 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stereocilia protrude up to 100 µm from the apical surface of vertebrate inner ear hair cells and are packed with cross-linked filamentous actin (F-actin). They function as mechanical switches to convert sound vibration into electrochemical neuronal signals transmitted to the brain. Several genes encode molecular components of stereocilia including actin monomers, actin regulatory and bundling proteins, motor proteins and the proteins of the mechanotransduction complex. A stereocilium F-actin core is a dynamic system, which is continuously being remodeled while maintaining an outwardly stable architecture under the regulation of F-actin barbed-end cappers, severing proteins and crosslinkers. The F-actin cores of stereocilia also provide a pathway for motor proteins to transport cargos including components of tip-link densities, scaffolding proteins and actin regulatory proteins. Deficiencies and mutations of stereocilia components that disturb this "dynamic equilibrium" in stereocilia can induce morphological changes and disrupt mechanotransduction causing sensorineural hearing loss, best studied in mouse and zebrafish models. Currently, at least 23 genes, associated with human syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss, encode proteins involved in the development and maintenance of stereocilia F-actin cores. However, it is challenging to predict how variants associated with sensorineural hearing loss segregating in families affect protein function. Here, we review the functions of several molecular components of stereocilia F-actin cores and provide new data from our experimental approach to directly evaluate the pathogenicity and functional impact of reported and novel variants of DIAPH1 in autosomal-dominant DFNA1 hearing loss using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyajima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, 30099, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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16
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Biomarkers for Inner Ear Disorders: Scoping Review on the Role of Biomarkers in Hearing and Balance Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010042. [PMID: 33383894 PMCID: PMC7824431 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostics of inner ear diseases are primarily functional, but there is a growing interest in inner ear biomarkers. The present scoping review aimed to elucidate gaps in the literature regarding the definition, classification system, and an overview of the potential uses of inner ear biomarkers. Relevant biomarkers were categorized, and their possible benefits were evaluated. The databases OVID Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO COINAHL, CA PLUS, WOS BIOSIS, WOS Core Collection, Proquest Dissertations, Theses Global, PROSPERO, Cochrane Library, and BASE were searched using the keywords “biomarker” and “inner ear”. Of the initially identified 1502 studies, 34 met the inclusion criteria. The identified biomarkers were classified into diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and pathognomonic; many were detected only in the inner ear or temporal bone. The inner-ear-specific biomarkers detected in peripheral blood included otolin-1, prestin, and matrilin-1. Various serum antibodies correlated with inner ear diseases (e.g., anti-type II collagen, antinuclear antibodies, antibodies against cytomegalovirus). Further studies are advised to elucidate the clinical significance and diagnostic or prognostic usage of peripheral biomarkers for inner ear disorders, filling in the literature gaps with biomarkers pertinent to the otology clinical practice and integrating functional and molecular biomarkers. These may be the building blocks toward a well-structured guideline for diagnosing and managing some audio-vestibular disorders.
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17
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that local protein synthesis (LPS) contributes to fundamental aspects of axon biology, in both developing and mature neurons. Mutations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), as central players in LPS, and other proteins affecting RNA localization and translation are associated with a range of neurological disorders, suggesting disruption of LPS may be of pathological significance. In this review, we substantiate this hypothesis by examining the link between LPS and key axonal processes, and the implicated pathophysiological consequences of dysregulated LPS. First, we describe how the length and autonomy of axons result in an exceptional reliance on LPS. We next discuss the roles of LPS in maintaining axonal structural and functional polarity and axonal trafficking. We then consider how LPS facilitates the establishment of neuronal connectivity through regulation of axonal branching and pruning, how it mediates axonal survival into adulthood and its involvement in neuronal stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Qiaojin Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Lamparter L, Galic M. Cellular Membranes, a Versatile Adaptive Composite Material. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:684. [PMID: 32850810 PMCID: PMC7419611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes belong to the most vital yet least understood biomaterials of live matter. For instance, its biomechanical requirements substantially vary across species and subcellular sites, raising the question how membranes manage to adjust to such dramatic changes. Central to its adaptability at the cell surface is the interplay between the plasma membrane and the adjacent cell cortex, forming an adaptive composite material that dynamically adjusts its mechanical properties. Using a hypothetical composite material, we identify core challenges, and discuss how cellular membranes solved these tasks. We further muse how pathological changes in material properties affect membrane mechanics and cell function, before closing with open questions and future challenges arising when studying cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lamparter
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Müenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Müenster, Münster, Germany
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19
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Witjes L, Van Troys M, Verhasselt B, Ampe C. Prevalence of Cytoplasmic Actin Mutations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma: A Functional Assessment Based on Actin Three-Dimensional Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093093. [PMID: 32349449 PMCID: PMC7247664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in actins have been linked to several developmental diseases. Their occurrence across different cancers has, however, not been investigated. Using the cBioPortal database we show that human actins are infrequently mutated in patient samples of various cancers types. Nevertheless, ranking these studies by mutational frequency suggest that some have a higher percentage of patients with ACTB and ACTG1 mutations. Within studies on hematological cancers, mutations in ACTB and ACTG1 are associated with lymphoid cancers since none have currently been reported in myeloid cancers. Within the different types of lymphoid cancers ACTB mutations are most frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and ACTG1 mutations in multiple myeloma. We mapped the ACTB and ACTG1 mutations found in these two cancer types on the 3D-structure of actin showing they are in regions important for actin polymer formation or binding to myosin. The potential effects of the mutations on actin properties imply that mutations in cytoplasmic actins deserve dedicated research in DLBCL and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Witjes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Van Troys
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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20
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Atzmony L, Ugwu N, Zaki TD, Antaya RJ, Choate KA. Post-zygotic ACTB mutations underlie congenital smooth muscle hamartomas. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:681-685. [PMID: 32170967 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) are benign lesions that share clinical and histopathological features with Becker nevus, a mosaic disorder associated with post-zygotic ACTB mutations. Given the clinical and histopathological overlap between CSMH and Becker nevus, we hypothesized that post-zygotic mutations in ACTB may underlie CSMH. METHODS Direct sequencing of ACTB gene in affected and unaffected tissue isolated from one case of hemihypertrichosis and hemihypertrophy corresponding to giant segmental CSMH and hemihypertrophy. This was followed by direct sequencing with and without enrichment assay for hotspot ACTB mutations in affected tissue from 12 samples of isolated CSMH from unrelated individuals. RESULTS In total we identified somatic missense ACTB mutations in 9 out of 13 CSMHs (69%). Mutations were either novel or previously reported in Becker nevi and Becker nevus syndrome. CONCLUSIONS CSMHs result from post-zygotic ACTB mutations. This study proves that CSMHs and Becker nevi are nosologically related, and expand the phenotypic spectrum of ACTB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore D Zaki
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard J Antaya
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Squeo GM, Augello B, Massa V, Milani D, Colombo EA, Mazza T, Castellana S, Piccione M, Maitz S, Petracca A, Prontera P, Accadia M, Della Monica M, Di Giacomo MC, Melis D, Selicorni A, Giglio S, Fischetto R, Di Fede E, Malerba N, Russo M, Castori M, Gervasini C, Merla G. Customised next-generation sequencing multigene panel to screen a large cohort of individuals with chromatin-related disorder. J Med Genet 2020; 57:760-768. [PMID: 32170002 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of the chromatin state by epigenetic mechanisms plays a central role in gene expression, cell function, and maintenance of cell identity. Hereditary disorders of chromatin regulation are a group of conditions caused by abnormalities of the various components of the epigenetic machinery, namely writers, erasers, readers, and chromatin remodelers. Although neurological dysfunction is almost ubiquitous in these disorders, the constellation of additional features characterizing many of these genes and the emerging clinical overlap among them indicate the existence of a community of syndromes. The introduction of high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) methods for testing multiple genes simultaneously is a logical step for the implementation of diagnostics of these disorders. METHODS We screened a heterogeneous cohort of 263 index patients by an NGS-targeted panel, containing 68 genes associated with more than 40 OMIM entries affecting chromatin function. RESULTS This strategy allowed us to identify clinically relevant variants in 87 patients (32%), including 30 for which an alternative clinical diagnosis was proposed after sequencing analysis and clinical re-evaluation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that this approach is effective not only in disorders with locus heterogeneity, but also in order to anticipate unexpected misdiagnoses due to clinical overlap among cognate disorders. Finally, this work highlights the utility of a prompt diagnosis in such a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that we propose to group under the umbrella term of chromatinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Maria Squeo
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Augello
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- UOSD Pediatria ad alta intensità di cura, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Petracca
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University of Perugia Hospital SM della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Accadia
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Matteo Della Monica
- Medical Genetics Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Largo A Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital Meyer, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology Unit, Paediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milano, Italy
| | - Natascia Malerba
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Matteo Russo
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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22
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Baumann M, Beaver EM, Palomares-Bralo M, Santos-Simarro F, Holzer P, Povysil G, Müller T, Valovka T, Janecke AR. Further delineation of putative ACTB loss-of-function variants: A 4-patient series. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:753-758. [PMID: 31898838 PMCID: PMC7155001 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ACTB encodes β‐cytoplasmic actin, an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Based on chromosome 7p22.1 deletions that include the ACTB locus and on rare truncating ACTB variants, a phenotype resulting from ACTB haploinsufficiency was recently proposed. We report putative ACTB loss‐of‐function variants in four patients. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first 7p22.1 microdeletion confined to ACTB and the second ACTB frameshifting mutation that predicts mRNA decay. A de‐novo ACTB p.(Gly302Ala) mutation affects β‐cytoplasmic actin distribution. All four patients share a facial gestalt that is distinct from that of individuals with dominant‐negative ACTB variants in Baraitser‐Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome. Two of our patients had strikingly thin and sparse scalp hair. One patient had sagittal craniosynostosis and hypospadias. All three affected male children have attention deficits and mild global developmental delay. Mild intellectual disability was present in only one patient. Heterozygous ACTB deletion can allow for normal psychomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Baumann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erin M Beaver
- Mercy Kids Genetics, Mercy Children's Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - María Palomares-Bralo
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter Holzer
- Intelligent Predictive Networks GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gundula Povysil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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How Actin Tracks Affect Myosin Motors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:183-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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24
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Cid-Samper F, Gelabert-Baldrich M, Lang B, Lorenzo-Gotor N, Ponti RD, Severijnen LAWFM, Bolognesi B, Gelpi E, Hukema RK, Botta-Orfila T, Tartaglia GG. An Integrative Study of Protein-RNA Condensates Identifies Scaffolding RNAs and Reveals Players in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3422-3434.e7. [PMID: 30566867 PMCID: PMC6315285 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that specific RNAs promote the formation of ribonucleoprotein condensates by acting as scaffolds for RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We systematically investigated RNA-RBP interaction networks to understand ribonucleoprotein assembly. We found that highly contacted RNAs are structured, have long UTRs, and contain nucleotide repeat expansions. Among the RNAs with such properties, we identified the FMR1 3' UTR that harbors CGG expansions implicated in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). We studied FMR1 binding partners in silico and in vitro and prioritized the splicing regulator TRA2A for further characterization. In a FXTAS cellular model, we validated the TRA2A-FMR1 interaction and investigated implications of its sequestration at both transcriptomic and post-transcriptomic levels. We found that TRA2A co-aggregates with FMR1 in a FXTAS mouse model and in post-mortem human samples. Our integrative study identifies key components of ribonucleoprotein aggregates, providing links to neurodegenerative disease and allowing the discovery of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cid-Samper
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Gelabert-Baldrich
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lang
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Lorenzo-Gotor
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Delli Ponti
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Benedetta Bolognesi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Biobank of the Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate K Hukema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teresa Botta-Orfila
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 23 Passeig Lluís Companys, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Freitas JL, Vale TC, Barsottini OGP, Pedroso JL. Expanding the Phenotype of Dystonia-Deafness Syndrome Caused by ACTB Gene Mutation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 7:86-87. [PMID: 31970217 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Letícia Freitas
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Movement Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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26
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El Hadidy N, Uversky VN. Intrinsic Disorder of the BAF Complex: Roles in Chromatin Remodeling and Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215260. [PMID: 31652801 PMCID: PMC6862534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-meter-long DNA is compressed into chromatin in the nucleus of every cell, which serves as a significant barrier to transcription. Therefore, for processes such as replication and transcription to occur, the highly compacted chromatin must be relaxed, and the processes required for chromatin reorganization for the aim of replication or transcription are controlled by ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelers. One of the most highly studied remodelers of this kind is the BRG1- or BRM-associated factor complex (BAF complex, also known as SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex), which is crucial for the regulation of gene expression and differentiation in eukaryotes. Chromatin remodeling complex BAF is characterized by a highly polymorphic structure, containing from four to 17 subunits encoded by 29 genes. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of BAF complex in chromatin remodeling and also to use literature mining and a set of computational and bioinformatics tools to analyze structural properties, intrinsic disorder predisposition, and functionalities of its subunits, along with the description of the relations of different BAF complex subunits to the pathogenesis of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El Hadidy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia.
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27
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Vélez-Ortega AC, Frolenkov GI. Building and repairing the stereocilia cytoskeleton in mammalian auditory hair cells. Hear Res 2019; 376:47-57. [PMID: 30638948 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite all recent achievements in identification of the molecules that are essential for the structure and mechanosensory function of stereocilia bundles in the auditory hair cells of mammalian species, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of the mechanisms of stereocilia formation, maintenance, and repair. Important molecular differences distinguishing mammalian auditory hair cells from hair cells of other types and species have been recently revealed. In addition, we are beginning to solve the puzzle of the apparent life-long stability of the stereocilia bundles in these cells. New data link the stability of the cytoskeleton in the mammalian auditory stereocilia with the normal activity of mechanotransduction channels. These data suggest new ideas on how a terminally-differentiated non-regenerating hair cell in the mammalian cochlea may repair and tune its stereocilia bundle throughout the life span of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catalina Vélez-Ortega
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA.
| | - Gregory I Frolenkov
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA.
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28
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Keszei M, Record J, Kritikou JS, Wurzer H, Geyer C, Thiemann M, Drescher P, Brauner H, Köcher L, James J, He M, Baptista MA, Dahlberg CI, Biswas A, Lain S, Lane DP, Song W, Pütsep K, Vandenberghe P, Snapper SB, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp in X-linked neutropenia renders neutrophils hyperactive. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4115-4131. [PMID: 30124469 PMCID: PMC6118594 DOI: 10.1172/jci64772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital neutropenia is characterized by low absolute neutrophil numbers in blood, leading to recurrent bacterial infections, and patients often require life-long granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) support. X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). To understand the pathophysiology in XLN and the role of WASp in neutrophils, we here examined XLN patients and 2 XLN mouse models. XLN patients had reduced myelopoiesis and extremely low blood neutrophil number. However, their neutrophils had a hyperactive phenotype and were present in normal numbers in XLN patient saliva. Murine XLN neutrophils were hyperactivated, with increased actin dynamics and migration into tissues. We provide molecular evidence that the hyperactivity of XLN neutrophils is caused by WASp in a constitutively open conformation due to contingent phosphorylation of the critical tyrosine-293 and plasma membrane localization. This renders WASp activity less dependent on regulation by PI3K. Our data show that the amplitude of WASp activity inside a cell could be enhanced by cell-surface receptor signaling even in the context in which WASp is already in an active conformation. Moreover, these data categorize XLN as an atypical congenital neutropenia in which constitutive activation of WASp in tissue neutrophils compensates for reduced myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S. Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Geyer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Thiemann
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Drescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Köcher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime James
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marisa A.P. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carin I.M. Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven and Hematology/Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Lim YH, Burke AB, Roberts MS, Collins MT, Choate KA. Multilineage ACTB mutation in a patient with fibro-osseous maxillary lesion and pilocytic astrocytoma. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2037-2040. [PMID: 30152002 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrea B Burke
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary S Roberts
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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30
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Sandestig A, Green A, Jonasson J, Vogt H, Wahlström J, Pepler A, Ellnebo K, Biskup S, Stefanova M. Could Dissimilar Phenotypic Effects of ACTB Missense Mutations Reflect the Actin Conformational Change? Two Novel Mutations and Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:259-265. [PMID: 30733661 DOI: 10.1159/000492267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-actin gene encodes 1 of 6 different actin proteins. De novo heterozygous missense mutations in ACTB have been identified in patients with Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) and also in patients with developmental disorders other than BRWS, such as deafness, dystonia, and neutrophil dysfunction. We describe 2 different novel de novo missense ACTB mutations, c.208C>G (p.Pro70Ala) and c.511C>T (p.Leu171Phe), found by trio exome sequencing analysis of 2 unrelated patients: an 8-year-old boy with a suspected BRWS and a 4-year-old girl with unclear developmental disorder. The mutated residue in the first case is situated in the actin H-loop, which is involved in actin polymerization. The mutated residue in the second case (p.Leu171Phe) is found at the actin barbed end in the W-loop, important for binding to profilin and other actin-binding molecules. While the boy presented with a typical BRWS facial appearance, the girl showed facial features not recognizable as a BRWS gestalt as well as ventricular arrhythmia, cleft palate, thrombocytopenia, and gray matter heterotopia. We reviewed previously published ACTB missense mutations and ascertained that a number of them do not cause typical BRWS. By comparing clinical and molecular data, we speculate that the phenotypic differences found in ACTB missense mutation carriers might supposedly be dependent on the conformational change of ACTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandestig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jon Jonasson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Wahlström
- Department of Pediatrics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Katarina Ellnebo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Margarita Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Skogseid IM, Røsby O, Konglund A, Connelly JP, Nedregaard B, Jablonski GE, Kvernmo N, Stray-Pedersen A, Glover JC. Dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity shows striatal dopaminergic dysfunction and response to pallidal stimulation. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 29788902 PMCID: PMC5964724 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia-deafness syndrome is a well-known clinical entity, with sensorineural deafness typically manifesting earlier than dystonia. ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity has been reported in six patients to cause combined infant-onset deafness and dystonia manifesting in adolescence or young adulthood. Three of these have received beneficial pallidal stimulation. Brain imaging to assess striatal function has not been reported previously, however. Nor has a comprehensive hypothesis been presented for how the pleiotropic manifestations of this specific beta-actin gene mutation originate developmentally. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old girl with congenital mild dysmorphic facial features, cochlear implants for infant-onset deafness, and mild cognitive and emotional disability, presented with an adolescent-onset, severe generalized dystonia. Brain MRI and multiple single gene sequencing were inconclusive. Due to life-threatening dystonia, we implanted a neurostimulation device, targeting the postero-ventral internal pallidum bilaterally. The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor/disability scores improved from 87/25 to 21/13 at 2.5 months postoperatively, 26/14 at 3 years, and 30/14 at 4 years. Subsequent whole exome sequencing identified heterozygosity for the ACTB p.Arg183Trp variant. Brain imaging included 123I-ioflupane single photon emission computed tomography (Dopamine Transporter-SPECT), SPECT with 123I-epidepride (binds to dopamine type 2-receptors) and 18 Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose (FDG)-PET. Both Epidepride-SPECT and FDG-PET showed reduced tracer uptake in the striatum bilaterally, particularly in the putamen. DaT-SPECT was slightly abnormal. CONCLUSIONS In this patient with dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity, unprecedented brain imaging findings strongly indicate striatal neuronal/dopaminergic dysfunction as the underlying cause of the dystonia. Pallidal stimulation provided a substantial improvement of the severe generalized dystonia, which is largely sustained at 4-year follow-up, and we advise this treatment to be considered in such patients. We hypothesize that the pleiotropic manifestations of the dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by this mutation derive from diverse developmental functions of beta-actin in neural crest migration and proliferation (facial dysmorphogenesis), hair cell stereocilia function (infant-onset deafness), and altered synaptic activity patterns associated with pubertal changes in striatal function (adolescent-onset dystonia). The temporal differences in developmental onset are likely due to varying degrees of susceptibility and of compensatory upregulation of other actin variants in the affected structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Marie Skogseid
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Po.box. 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oddveig Røsby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Konglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James P Connelly
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Nedregaard
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greg Eigner Jablonski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Division of Head, Neck & Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadja Kvernmo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Po.box. 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joel C Glover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Vedula P, Kashina A. The makings of the 'actin code': regulation of actin's biological function at the amino acid and nucleotide level. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/9/jcs215509. [PMID: 29739859 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in every eukaryotic cell and is essential for cell adhesion, migration, mechanosensing, and contractility in muscle and non-muscle tissues. In higher vertebrates, from birds through to mammals, actin is represented by a family of six conserved genes. Although these genes have evolved independently for more than 100 million years, they encode proteins with ≥94% sequence identity, which are differentially expressed in different tissues, and tightly regulated throughout embryogenesis and adulthood. It has been previously suggested that the existence of such similar actin genes is a fail-safe mechanism to preserve the essential function of actin through redundancy. However, knockout studies in mice and other organisms demonstrate that the different actins have distinct biological roles. The mechanisms maintaining this distinction have been debated in the literature for decades. This Review summarizes data on the functional regulation of different actin isoforms, and the mechanisms that lead to their different biological roles in vivo We focus here on recent studies demonstrating that at least some actin functions are regulated beyond the amino acid level at the level of the actin nucleotide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Vedula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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33
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Mehrafrooz B, Shamloo A. Mechanical differences between ATP and ADP actin states: A molecular dynamics study. J Theor Biol 2018; 448:94-103. [PMID: 29634959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to give a comprehensive atomistic modeling of the nanomechanical behavior of actin monomer. Actin is a ubiquitous and essential component of cytoskeleton which forms many different cellular structures. Despite for several years great effort has been devoted to the investigation of mechanical properties of the actin filament, studies on the nanomechanical behavior of actin monomer are still lacking. These scales are, however, important for a complete understanding of the role of actin as an important component in the cytoskeleton structure. Based on the accuracy of atomistic modeling methods such as molecular dynamics simulations, steered molecular dynamics method is performed to assess tension of monomeric G-actin molecule under different types of mechanical loading including axial and lateral. As a result, stress-strain curves are obtained in aqueous solution, with either ATP or ADP bound in the nucleotide binding pocket. The obtained results yield evaluation of the tensile stiffness of a single actin monomer in lateral and normal direction. In order to compare the behavior of ATP and ADP G-actins, the number of hydrogen bonds and nonbonded interactions between the nucleotide and the protein are analyzed. Moreover, The effect of virtual spring of steered molecular dynamics on the mechanical behavior of actin monomer is investigated. The results reveal increasing the virtual spring constant leads to convergence of the stiffness. Moreover, in this paper, a generalized model is proposed to extend the obtained results for the monomeric G-actin scale to the actin filament. Our modeling estimated a persistence length of actin filament 15.41 µm, close to experimental measurements. Moreover, In this paper, the breaking force actin-actin bond is evaluated using steered molecular dynamics simulation. By applying a tensile force, actin-actin bond ruptured at 4197.5 pN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mehrafrooz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Cohen PR. Poland's Syndrome: Are Postzygotic Mutations in β-Actin Associated with its Pathogenesis? Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:133-134. [PMID: 29139054 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, 10991 Twinleaf Court, San Diego, CA, 92131-3643, USA.
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35
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Cuvertino S, Stuart HM, Chandler KE, Roberts NA, Armstrong R, Bernardini L, Bhaskar S, Callewaert B, Clayton-Smith J, Davalillo CH, Deshpande C, Devriendt K, Digilio MC, Dixit A, Edwards M, Friedman JM, Gonzalez-Meneses A, Joss S, Kerr B, Lampe AK, Langlois S, Lennon R, Loget P, Ma DY, McGowan R, Des Medt M, O’Sullivan J, Odent S, Parker MJ, Pebrel-Richard C, Petit F, Stark Z, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Tinschert S, Vasudevan P, Villa O, White SM, Zahir FR, Woolf AS, Banka S, Banka S. ACTB Loss-of-Function Mutations Result in a Pleiotropic Developmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:1021-1033. [PMID: 29220674 PMCID: PMC5812896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ACTB encodes β-actin, an abundant cytoskeletal housekeeping protein. In humans, postulated gain-of-function missense mutations cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS), characterized by intellectual disability, cortical malformations, coloboma, sensorineural deafness, and typical facial features. To date, the consequences of loss-of-function ACTB mutations have not been proven conclusively. We describe heterozygous ACTB deletions and nonsense and frameshift mutations in 33 individuals with developmental delay, apparent intellectual disability, increased frequency of internal organ malformations (including those of the heart and the renal tract), growth retardation, and a recognizable facial gestalt (interrupted wavy eyebrows, dense eyelashes, wide nose, wide mouth, and a prominent chin) that is distinct from characteristics of individuals with BRWS. Strikingly, this spectrum overlaps with that of several chromatin-remodeling developmental disorders. In wild-type mouse embryos, β-actin expression was prominent in the kidney, heart, and brain. ACTB mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastic lines and fibroblasts derived from affected individuals were decreased in comparison to those in control cells. Fibroblasts derived from an affected individual and ACTB siRNA knockdown in wild-type fibroblasts showed altered cell shape and migration, consistent with known roles of cytoplasmic β-actin. We also demonstrate that ACTB haploinsufficiency leads to reduced cell proliferation, altered expression of cell-cycle genes, and decreased amounts of nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, β-actin. In conclusion, we show that heterozygous loss-of-function ACTB mutations cause a distinct pleiotropic malformation syndrome with intellectual disability. Our biological studies suggest that a critically reduced amount of this protein alters cell shape, migration, proliferation, and gene expression to the detriment of brain, heart, and kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK.
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36
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Molecular diversity of combined and complex dystonia: insights from diagnostic exome sequencing. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:195-205. [PMID: 28849312 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined and complex dystonias are heterogeneous movement disorders combining dystonia with other motor and/or systemic signs. Although we are beginning to understand the diverse molecular causes of these disease entities, clinical pattern recognition and conventional genetic workup achieve an etiological diagnosis only in a minority of cases. Our goal was to provide a window into the variable genetic origins and distinct clinical patterns of combined/complex dystonia more broadly. Between August 2016 and January 2017, we applied whole-exome sequencing to a cohort of nine patients with varied combined and/or complex dystonic presentations, being on a diagnostic odyssey. Bioinformatics analyses, co-segregation studies, and sequence-interpretation algorithms were employed to detect causative mutations. Comprehensive clinical review was undertaken to define the phenotypic spectra and optimal management strategies. On average, we observed a delay in diagnosis of 23 years before whole-exome analysis enabled determination of each patient's genetic defect. Whereas mutations in ACTB, ATP1A3, ADCY5, and SGCE were associated with particular phenotypic clues, trait manifestations arising from mutations in PINK1, MRE11A, KMT2B, ATM, and SLC6A1 were different from those previously reported in association with these genes. Apart from improving counseling for our entire cohort, genetic findings had actionable consequences on preventative measures and therapeutic interventions for five patients. Our investigation confirms unique genetic diagnoses, highlights key clinical features and phenotypic expansions, and suggests whole-exome sequencing as a first-tier diagnostic for combined/complex dystonia. These results might stimulate independent teams to extend the scope of agnostic genetic screening to this particular phenotypic group that remains poorly characterized through existing studies.
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37
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Abstract
The etiology of Becker's nevus and Becker's nevus syndrome has been until now unknown. Cai et al. provide evidence that these disorders are caused by lethal mutations in ACTB, a gene coding for beta-actin. They hypothesize that these mutations may interfere with Hedgehog pathway signaling. Their findings have important implications for clinical genetics, and they open new aspects in hair research.
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38
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Allawh TC, Brown BS. The Clinical Manifestations and Genetic Implications of Baraitser-Winter Syndrome Type 2. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:107-110. [PMID: 28496999 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An 18-year-old Caucasian male was born by cesarean section weighing 2.6 kg (5 lb 14 oz) at birth after an uncomplicated pregnancy with no perinatal complications. Around 4 to 5 months of age, the patient's mother initially became concerned as he was experiencing signs of developmental delay and a mild floppy tone, in addition to facial features that resembled some form of mental retardation. The patient's older brother also experienced similar developmental symptoms and facial features that presented around the same age period as our patient. It was initially thought to be Down syndrome; however, both the patient and his brother tested negative for Down syndrome on chromosomal analyses. There was also a question of whether the patient had some form of autism spectrum disorder, but doctors were unable to specifically confirm this. Now at the age of 18 years, the patient has no understandable speech with distinctive facial features such as a broad nasal bridge and prominent epicanthic folds, lissencephaly, smaller than average head size, intellectual disability, and hearing loss. It was discovered, through trio-based exome sequencing, that the patient had a de novo missense mutation (p.Ser155Phe) in the ACTG1 gene, which has been linked to the rare syndrome known as Baraister-Winter syndrome type 2. Baraitser-Winter syndrome 2 is a unique variant that is clinically similar to Baraitser-Winter syndrome type 1; however, only seven previous cases have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya C Allawh
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Barry Scott Brown
- LewisGale Alleghany Medical Center, Low Moor, Virginia, United States
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Pathogenic Variant in ACTB, p.Arg183Trp, Causes Juvenile-Onset Dystonia, Hearing Loss, and Developmental Delay without Midline Malformation. Case Rep Genet 2017; 2017:9184265. [PMID: 28487785 PMCID: PMC5405358 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9184265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ACTB encodes the β-actin, and pathogenic variations in this gene have typically been associated with Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome, a congenital malformation syndrome characterized by short stature, craniofacial anomalies, and cerebral anomalies. Here, we describe the third case with the p.Arg183Trp variant in ACTB causing juvenile-onset dystonia. Our patient has severe, intractable dystonia, developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss, besides hyperintensities in the caudate nuclei and putamen on the brain MRI, which is a distinct but overlapping phenotype with the previously reported case of identical twins with the same alteration in ACTB.
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Eggink H, van Egmond ME, Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC, Schönherr MC, de Koning TJ, Oterdoom DLM, van Dijk JMC, Tijssen MAJ. Dystonia-deafness syndrome caused by a β-actin gene mutation and response to deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord 2016; 32:162-165. [PMID: 27862284 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystonia-deafness syndrome is a distinct clinical presentation within the dystonia-spectrum. Although several genetic and acquired causes have been reported, etiology remains unknown in the majority of patients. OBJECTIVES To describe two patients with dystonia-deafness syndrome due to a beta-actin gene mutation. METHODS We report on disease course, genetic testing, and management of 2 patients, mother and daughter, presenting with dystonia-deafness syndrome. RESULTS After exclusion of known dystonia-deafness syndrome causes, whole-exome sequencing revealed a beta-actin gene mutation (p.Arg183Trp) in both patients. Although beta-actin gene mutations are generally associated with developmental Baraitser-Winter syndrome, dystonia-deafness syndrome has been reported once in identical twin brothers. Bilateral GPi-DBS led to a significant decrease of dystonia and regain of independency in our patients. CONCLUSION The p.Arg183Trp mutation in the beta-actin gene is associated with the clinical presentation of dystonia-deafness syndrome, even with only minimal or no developmental abnormalities of Baraitser-Winter syndrome. GPi-DBS should be considered to ameliorate the invalidating dystonia in these patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendriekje Eggink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martje E van Egmond
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marleen C Schönherr
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J de Koning
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D L Marinus Oterdoom
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Marc C van Dijk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Shimojima K, Narai S, Togawa M, Doumoto T, Sangu N, Vanakker OM, de Paepe A, Edwards M, Whitehall J, Brescianini S, Petit F, Andrieux J, Yamamoto T. 7p22.1 microdeletions involving ACTB associated with developmental delay, short stature, and microcephaly. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:502-6. [PMID: 27633570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are no published reports of patients harboring microdeletions involving the 7p22.1 region. Although 7p22.1 microdeletions are rare, some reports have shown microduplications encompassing this region. In this study, we report five patients with overlapping deletions of the 7p22.1 region. The patients exhibited clinical similarities including non-specific developmental delay, short stature, microcephaly, and other distinctive features. The shortest region of overlap within the 7p22.1 region includes five genes, FBXL18, ACTB, FSCN1, RNF216, and ZNF815P. Of these genes, only ACTB is known to be associated with an autosomal dominant trait. Dominant negative mutations in ACTB are responsible for Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1. We analyzed ACTB expression in immortalized lymphocytes derived from one of the patients and found that it was reduced to approximately half that observed in controls. This indicates that ACTB expression is linearly correlated with the gene copy number. We suggest that haploinsufficiency of ACTB may be responsible for the clinical features of patients with 7p22.1 microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masami Togawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomotsune Doumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Noriko Sangu
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Anne de Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Whitehall
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally Brescianini
- Centre for Genetic Education, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Florence Petit
- CHU Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Flandre, Service de Genetique Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- CHU Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Flandre, Laboratoire de Genetique Medicale, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sun C, Shang J, Yao Y, Yin X, Liu M, Liu H, Zhou Y. O-GlcNAcylation: a bridge between glucose and cell differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:769-81. [PMID: 26929182 PMCID: PMC4831356 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the major energy supply and a critical metabolite for most cells and is especially important when cell is differentiating. High or low concentrations of glucose enhances or inhibits the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of cell via the insulin, transforming growth factor‐β and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ pathways, among others. New evidence implicates the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway as a mediator of crosstalk between glucose flux, cellular signalling and epigenetic regulation of cell differentiation. Extracellular glucose flux alters intracellular O‐GlcNAcylation levels through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Signalling molecules that are important for cell differentiation, including protein kinase C, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Runx2, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins, are modified by O‐GlcNAcylation. Thus, O‐GlcNAcylation markedly alters cell fate during differentiation via the post‐transcriptional modification of proteins. Furthermore, O‐GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation show complex interactions during cell differentiation: they can either non‐competitively occupy different sites on a substrate or competitively occupy a single site or proximal sites. Therefore, the influence of glucose on cell differentiation via O‐GlcNAcylation offers a potential target for controlling tissue homoeostasis and regeneration in ageing and disease. Here, we review recent progress establishing an emerging relationship among glucose concentration, O‐GlcNAcylation levels and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Center for Evidence-based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Actin is the central building block of the actin cytoskeleton, a highly regulated filamentous network enabling dynamic processes of cells and simultaneously providing structure. Mammals have six actin isoforms that are very conserved and thus share common functions. Tissue-specific expression in part underlies their differential roles, but actin isoforms also coexist in various cell types and tissues, suggesting specific functions and preferential interaction partners. Gene deletion models, antibody-based staining patterns, gene silencing effects, and the occurrence of isoform-specific mutations in certain diseases have provided clues for specificity on the subcellular level and its consequences on the organism level. Yet, the differential actin isoform functions are still far from understood in detail. Biochemical studies on the different isoforms in pure form are just emerging, and investigations in cells have to deal with a complex and regulated system, including compensatory actin isoform expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marleen Van Troys
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Andrade LR. Evidence for changes in beta- and gamma-actin proportions during inner ear hair cell life. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:282-91. [PMID: 26033950 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin isoforms beta (β-) and gamma (γ-) perform crucial physiological roles in inner ear hair cells (HC). The stereocilium, which is structured by parallel actin filaments composed of both isoforms, is the responsive organelle to mechanical stimuli such as sound, gravity and head movements. Modifications in isoform proportions affect the function of the stereocilia as previously shown in genetic studies of mutant mice. Here, immunogold labeling TEM studies in mice showed that both β- and γ-actin isoforms colocalize throughout stereocilia actin filaments, adherens junctions and cuticular plates as early as embryonic stage 16.5. Gold-particle quantification indicated that there was 40% more γ- actin than β-actin at E16.5. In contrast, β- and γ-actin were equally concentrated in adult stereocilia of cochlear and vestibular HC. Interestingly, all actin-based structures presented almost five-fold more β-actin than γ-actin in 22 month- old mice, suggesting that γ-actin is probably under-expressed during the aging process. These data provide evidence of dynamic modifications of the actin isoforms in stereocilia, cuticular plates and cell junctions during the whole HC life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Andrade
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Kandasamy MK, McKinney EC, Roy E, Meagher RB. Ascomycete fungal actins differentially support plant spatial cell and organ development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:80-92. [PMID: 25428798 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin interacts with a wide variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins to support spatial development in nearly all eukaryotes. Null mutations in plant vegetative actins produce dramatically altered cell, tissue, and organ morphologies. Animal cytoplasmic actins (e.g., human HsACTB, HsACTG1) and some ancestral protist actins fully suppress these mutant phenotypes suggesting that some animal, plant, and protist actins share functional competence for spatial development. Considering that fungi have a phylogenetic origin closer to animals than plants, we were interested to explore whether the fungal actins may have this same capacity to function in plants and support development. We ectopically expressed actins from four highly divergent ascomycete fungi in two different Arabidopsis double vegetative actin null mutants. We found that expression of actin from the earliest diverging ascomycete subphyla, the archiascomycete Schizosaccharomyces pombe, qualitatively and quantitatively suppressed the root cell polarity and root organ developmental defects of act8/act7 mutants and the root-hairless cell elongation phenotype of act2/act8 mutants. Interestingly, the actin from the pyrenomycete Neurospora crassa was modestly effective in the suppression of vegetative actin mutant phenotypes. In contrast, actins from the saccharomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans were unable to support any aspect of plant development, and moreover induced severe dwarfism and sterility. These data imply that basal fungi inherited an actin with full competence for spatial development from their protist ancestor and maintained it via non-progressive sequence evolution, while the later more derived fungal species lost these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthugapatti K Kandasamy
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Biomedical Microscopy Core, Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Morris J, Thatje S, Ravaux J, Shillito B, Fernando D, Hauton C. Acute combined pressure and temperature exposures on a shallow-water crustacean: Novel insights into the stress response and high pressure neurological syndrome. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 181:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hundt N, Preller M, Swolski O, Ang AM, Mannherz HG, Manstein DJ, Müller M. Molecular mechanisms of disease-related human β-actin mutations p.R183W and p.E364K. FEBS J 2014; 281:5279-91. [PMID: 25255767 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic β-actin supports fundamental cellular processes in healthy and diseased cells including cell adhesion, migration, cytokinesis and maintenance of cell polarity. Mutations in ACTB, the gene encoding cytoplasmic β-actin, lead to severe disorders with a broad range of symptoms. The two dominant heterozygous gain-of-function β-actin mutations p.R183W and p.E364K were identified in patients with developmental malformations, deafness and juvenile-onset dystonia (p.R183W) and neutrophil dysfunction (p.E364K). Here, we report the recombinant production and functional characterization of the two mutant proteins. Arg183 is located near the nucleotide-binding pocket of actin. Our results from biochemical studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that replacement by a tryptophan residue at position 183 establishes an unusual stacking interaction with Tyr69 that perturbs nucleotide release from actin monomers and polymerization behavior by inducing a closed state conformation. The replacement of Glu364 by a lysine residue appears to act as an allosteric trigger event leading to the preferred formation of the closed state. Thus, our approach indicates that both mutations affect interdomain mobility and nucleotide interactions as a basis for the formation of disease phenotypes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Hundt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are key effector cells of the vertebrate immune system. They represent 50-70% of the leukocytes in the human blood and their loss by disease or drug side effect causes devastating bacterial infections. Their high turnover rate, their fine-tuned killing machinery, and their arsenal of toxic vesicles leave them particularly vulnerable to various genetic deficiencies. The aim of this review is to highlight those congenital immunodeficiencies which impede the dynamics of neutrophils, such as migration, cytoskeletal rearrangements, vesicular trafficking, and secretion.
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Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome: delineation of the spectrum in 42 cases. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:292-301. [PMID: 25052316 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter, Fryns-Aftimos and cerebrofrontofacial syndrome types 1 and 3 have recently been associated with heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in one of the two ubiquitous cytoplasmic actin-encoding genes ACTB and ACTG1 that encode β- and γ-actins. We present detailed phenotypic descriptions and neuroimaging on 36 patients analyzed by our group and six cases from the literature with a molecularly proven actinopathy (9 ACTG1 and 33 ACTB). The major clinical anomalies are striking dysmorphic facial features with hypertelorism, broad nose with large tip and prominent root, congenital non-myopathic ptosis, ridged metopic suture and arched eyebrows. Iris or retinal coloboma is present in many cases, as is sensorineural deafness. Cleft lip and palate, hallux duplex, congenital heart defects and renal tract anomalies are seen in some cases. Microcephaly may develop with time. Nearly all patients with ACTG1 mutations, and around 60% of those with ACTB mutations have some degree of pachygyria with anteroposterior severity gradient, rarely lissencephaly or neuronal heterotopia. Reduction of shoulder girdle muscle bulk and progressive joint stiffness is common. Early muscular involvement, occasionally with congenital arthrogryposis, may be present. Progressive, severe dystonia was seen in one family. Intellectual disability and epilepsy are variable in severity and largely correlate with CNS anomalies. One patient developed acute lymphocytic leukemia, and another a cutaneous lymphoma, indicating that actinopathies may be cancer-predisposing disorders. Considering the multifaceted role of actins in cell physiology, we hypothesize that some clinical manifestations may be partially mutation specific. Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome is our suggested designation for this clinical entity.
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Genetics of auditory mechano-electrical transduction. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:49-72. [PMID: 24957570 PMCID: PMC4281357 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hair bundles of cochlear hair cells play a central role in the auditory mechano-electrical transduction (MET) process. The identification of MET components and of associated molecular complexes by biochemical approaches is impeded by the very small number of hair cells within the cochlea. In contrast, human and mouse genetics have proven to be particularly powerful. The study of inherited forms of deafness led to the discovery of several essential proteins of the MET machinery, which are currently used as entry points to decipher the associated molecular networks. Notably, MET relies not only on the MET machinery but also on several elements ensuring the proper sound-induced oscillation of the hair bundle or the ionic environment necessary to drive the MET current. Here, we review the most significant advances in the molecular bases of the MET process that emerged from the genetics of hearing.
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