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Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacteria pylori in the development of tympanosclerosis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:889-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Güvenç MG, Midilli K, Inci E, Kuşkucu M, Tahamiler R, Ozergil E, Ergin S, Ada M, Altaş K. Lack of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and predominance of Alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear fluids of children with otitis media with effusion. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009; 37:269-73. [PMID: 19879704 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens in middle ear effusion samples obtained from children with otitis media with effusion (OME). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight children (mean age 7.03; standard deviation 2.18) with OME unresponsive to medical therapy were included in the study. All of the children underwent ventilation tube insertion under general anesthesia. Eighteen patients were bilaterally affected whereas 10 children had unilateral disease. The middle ear fluids (46 samples in total) were collected during ventilation tube insertion, and were evaluated subsequently for the presence of C. pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Although all samples were negative for C. pneumoniae, bacterial DNA was detected in 21 of 46 samples. Overall 40% of the patients (4/10) with unilateral involvement, and 61% of the patients (11/18) with bilateral involvement were positive for bacterial DNA. In 6 patients with bilateral OME bilateral samples were positive, whereas 5 patients with bilateral OME showed only unilateral positivity. According to the results of DNA sequencing analysis, all of the positive samples harbored only one bacterial species. In 12 of 46 samples Alloiococcus otitidis DNA (26%), in 7 Haemophilus influenzae DNA (15%), in one Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA (2%) and in one Moraxella catarrhalis DNA (2%) were present. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that C. pneumoniae does not seem to have a role in OME in children whereas A. otitidis was found to be more frequent than the other common pathogens. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact pathogenetic role of these microorganisms in OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Güven Güvenç
- Istanbul Bilim University, Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turkey.
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Leutscher P, Ramarokoto C, Hoffmann S, Jensen J, Ramaniraka V, Randrianasolo B, Raharisolo C, Migliani R, Christensen N. Coexistence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis and Sexually Transmitted Infection in Women and Men Living in an Area WhereSchistosoma haematobiumIs Endemic. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:775-82. [DOI: 10.1086/591127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Przyczyny niepowodzenia w leczeniu długo trwającego ostrego zapalenia ucha środkowego u dzieci. Otolaryngol Pol 2007; 61:892-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(07)70550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Woolley IJ, Larsen M, Jones S, Gahan ME, Jasenko I, Johnsen SP, Wesselingh S, Fuller A, Ostergaard L. Chlamydia pneumoniae in HIV-infected patients and controls assessed by a novel whole blood interferon-gamma assay, serology and PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:820-5. [PMID: 15355413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1198-743x.2004.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity is associated with cardiovascular disease and HIV infection. Cell-mediated immune responses are important for control of C. pneumoniae, and such responses may be impaired in HIV-infected patients. An assay for detection of interferon (IFN)-gamma in whole blood stimulated with C. pneumoniae antigen was developed and studied in HIV-infected patients and uninfected controls. Among 34 HIV-infected patients, none had an IFN-gamma response to C. pneumoniae antigen, compared with five of 32 healthy controls (p < 0.001). Fewer HIV-infected individuals elicited a serum IgG response when tested with a commercial enzyme immunoassay (p 0.009), but this was not so for serum IgA (p 0.12). Additionally, the IFN-gamma and antibody assays showed a trend towards a bivariate response in normal controls. This indicates that cellular and antibody responses against C. pneumoniae may be mutually exclusive, with potential implications for the role of this organism in the genesis of cardiovascular disease in both immunocompetent and HIV-infected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Woolley
- Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Prahran, Australia.
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Jensen JS, Björnelius E, Dohn B, Lidbrink P. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2004; 31:499-507. [PMID: 15273584 DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000135992.98883.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare urogenital swab specimens and first void urine (FVU) specimens from male and female patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections using in-house, inhibitor-controlled polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STUDY DESIGN Urethral swabs and FVU were collected from 1856 men and 753 women who also had a cervical swab collected. A positive diagnosis of infection was made if any 1 of the specimens tested positive and were confirmed in a second PCR assay targeting independent genes. RESULTS M. genitalium DNA and C. trachomatis DNA were detected in 126 (6.8%) and 246 (13.3%) of the male sample sets and in 51 (6.8%) and 73 (9.7%) of the female specimen sets, respectively. Using our in-house PCR and sample preparation methods, FVU was found to be the most sensitive diagnostic specimen for both pathogens, but for optimal sensitivity, it should be supplemented with a cervical specimen in women. In a small subset of female FVUs, storage at -20 degrees C led to false-negative M. genitalium PCR results in 27% of specimens found positive when a sample preparation was performed before freezing. The age-specific prevalence of M. genitalium in men was almost constant between 18 and 45 years of age in contrast to C. trachomatis infections, which were more common in younger men. CONCLUSION Urine appeared to be a better diagnostic specimen than the urethral swab for M. genitalium and C. trachomatis detection by PCR in this cohort of sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees but should be supplemented with a cervical specimen in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Skov Jensen
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Infections, Meningitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Storgaard M, Tarp B, Ovesen T, Vinther B, Andersen PL, Obel N, Jensen JS. The occurrence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and herpesviruses in otitis media with effusion. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 48:97-9. [PMID: 14972377 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2002.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous report we found Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae to be present in middle ear fluids (MEE) from older children with otitis media with effusion (OME). However, OME is a disease of younger children the present study was conducted in toddlers. MEEs (n = 150) and nasopharynx samples (n = 83) from children with OME was analyzed by PCR for the presence of C. pneumoniae and Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae was not present in any and M. pneumoniae only in one of the MEEs, and these pathogens could be demonstrated in one and two nasopharynx samples, respectively. Further, 133 MEEs were analyzed by PCR for the presence of the 8 human herpesviruses, and all samples were found to be negative. We conclude that neither C. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae, or any of the 8 human herpesviruses seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of OME in early childhood OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Storgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skejby University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Johnsen S, Andersen PL, Stanek G, Christiansen G, Birkelund S, Berthelsen LM, Østergaard L. Chlamydia antibody response in healthy volunteers immunized with nonchlamydial antigens: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:586-91. [PMID: 12594639 DOI: 10.1086/367663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2002] [Accepted: 11/21/2002] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological analysis is often used for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections. However, an increase in Chlamydia antibodies has been reported in patients with parvovirus and Mycoplasma infections. Whether this antibody response is the result of dual infection or nonchlamydial antigen stimulation is unknown. In a randomized study, 48 healthy volunteers either were immunized against yellow fever, polio, diphtheria, and tetanus (the group receiving intervention with nonchlamydial antigen) or received saline injections (the placebo group). The change in antibody levels was compared between the 2 groups. The Chlamydia recombinant lipopolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Medac) showed an increase in the antibody titer in the intervention group, compared with that in the control group (for immunoglobulin M, P=.004; for immunoglobulin A, P=.038; and for immunoglobulin G, P=.056), but no differences between study groups was found when the C. pneumoniae enzyme immunoassay (EIA; ThermoLabsystems), the C. pneumoniae EIA (Medac), and the microimmunofluorescence test (MRL) were used. An increase in antibodies to Chlamydia organisms can be measured after exposure to nonchlamydial antigens, depending on the test used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Johnsen
- Research Unit Q, Department of Infectious Diseases, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Mygind T, Birkelund S, Birkebæk NH, Østergaard L, Jensen JS, Christiansen G. Determination of PCR efficiency in chelex-100 purified clinical samples and comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and conventional PCR for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2002; 2:17. [PMID: 12106506 PMCID: PMC117782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2002] [Accepted: 07/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been detected by serological methods, but PCR is gaining more interest. A number of different PCR assays have been developed and some are used in combination with serology for diagnosis. Real-time PCR could be an attractive new PCR method; therefore it must be evaluated and compared to conventional PCR methods. RESULTS We compared the performance of a newly developed real-time PCR with a conventional PCR method for detection of C. pneumoniae. The PCR methods were tested on reference samples containing C. pneumoniae DNA and on 136 nasopharyngeal samples from patients with chronic cough. We found the same detection limit for the two methods and clinical performance was equal for the real-time PCR and for the conventional PCR method, although only three samples tested positive. To investigate whether the low prevalence of C. pneumoniae among patients with chronic cough was caused by suboptimal PCR efficiency in the samples, PCR efficiency was determined based on the real-time PCR. Seventeen of twenty randomly selected clinical samples had similar PCR efficiency to samples containing pure genomic C. pneumoniae DNA. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the performance of real-time PCR is comparable to that of conventional PCR, but this needs to be confirmed further. Real-time PCR can be used to investigate the PCR efficiency which gives a rough estimate of how well the real-time PCR assay work in a specific sample type. Suboptimal PCR efficiency of PCR is not a likely explanation for the low positivity rate of C. pneumoniae in patients with chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mygind
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Alle, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Alle, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels H Birkebæk
- Department of Pediactrics, Skejby Hospital, University Hospital of Aarhus, Brendstrupgaardsvej, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Research Unit Q of Infectious Diseases, Skejby Hospital, University Hospital of Aarhus, Brendstrupgaardsvej, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skov Jensen
- Department of Respiratory Infections, Meningitis and STI, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Alle, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Principi N, Esposito S. Emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory-tract infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2001; 1:334-44. [PMID: 11871806 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of specialised diagnostic techniques over the past 10 years has allowed considerable new information to be obtained concerning Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections. In children, these pathogens seem to have a more important role in causing respiratory-tract infections than previously thought; they have been associated with wheezing, and they are also frequent in children aged under 5 years. Contrary to original belief, no clinical, laboratory, or radiological findings seem to be unique to M. pneumoniae or C. pneumoniae; furthermore, there is no rapid and cost-effective diagnostic test capable of identifying these pathogens. Appropriate antimicrobial treatment of the infections they cause is needed to reduce the recurrent episodes of wheezing and other respiratory symptoms, to decrease morbidity, and to avoid the spread of the pathogens. However, a number of therapeutic issues remain unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Principi
- Department of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy.
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Engstrand I, Augustsson I, Bergemalm PO, Falck G, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the adenoid from children with and without secretory otitis media using immunohistochemistry and PCR. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2001; 33:132-6. [PMID: 11233849 DOI: 10.1080/003655401750065535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in patients with middle ear inflammation. The adenoid, which has a central role in the development of secretory otitis media (SOM), may act as a reservoir for bacteria causing ear infection. Adenoid tissue was examined for the presence of C. pneumoniae. Twenty children undergoing adenoidectomy because of hyperplastic adenoids, 10 with SOM and 10 without SOM, were examined with nasopharyngeal swabs for routine bacteriological culture, serology for C. pneumoniae and throat swabs for C. pneumoniae PCR. The removed tissues were analyzed for C. pneumoniae using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and PCR. In the group of children with SOM samples were also taken from the middle ear fluid for routine bacteriological culture and PCR for C. pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae was found in the adenoid by PCR in 3 cases from each group and from all 20 children by IHC. Four children in each group had increased levels of specific antibodies to C. pneumoniae. Two children with SOM had high antibody titers and a positive PCR from a throat swab. Two children were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae in fluid from the middle ear. The significance of these findings is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Engstrand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Lindesberg General Hospital, Sweden
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Abstract
Although Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci are well-established causes of community-acquired pneumonia, little is known about the role of Chlamydia species in upper respiratory tract infections. C. pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Although C. pneumoniae has been isolated from the middle-ear fluid of children with otitis, children in whom the organism was isolated from middle-ear fluid improved despite being treated with antibiotics that are not active against C. pneumoniae. Although many patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae have symptoms suggestive of sinusitis, there is only one report of isolation of the organism from the maxillary sinus of a patient with sinusitis. Studies of the association with pharyngitis are all based on serology, which often has a poor correlation with isolation of the organism by culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boman
- Department of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Jero J, Alakärppä H, Virolainen A, Saikku P, Karma P. Polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting Chlamydia pneumoniae in middle ear fluid of children with otitis media with effusion. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:939-40. [PMID: 10530596 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199910000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Jero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Falck G, Engstrand I, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with otitis media in children. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1998; 30:377-80. [PMID: 9817518 DOI: 10.1080/00365549850160675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute and persistent respiratory tract infections. The prevalence of C. pneumoniae was studied using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in throat swabs from 85 consecutive children with respiratory tract infections and 86 healthy children. In retrospect, it became evident that this study was conducted in the midst of a local C. pneumoniae epidemic. 38 (45%) of the sick children and 5 (5.7%) of the healthy children were positive for C. pneumoniae by PCR. 26 of the sick children (mean age 6.4 years) were found to have otitis media either at the time of examination or shortly thereafter. Six of 9 children with acute otitis media were PCR positive for C. pneumoniae and 7 of the 9 had specific antibody responses indicating active infection. 10 of 17 children diagnosed as having otitis media with effusion were found to be positive for C. pneumoniae by PCR. Seven children had or developed persistent otitis media with effusion. Chlamydia pneumoniae was demonstrated by PCR from the middle ear fluid in 1 of the children. The results obtained from this study indicate that C. pneumoniae may be involved in the aetiology of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Falck
- Department of Family Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lindholt JS, Ostergård L, Henneberg EW, Fasting H, Andersen P. Failure to demonstrate Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1998; 15:161-4. [PMID: 9551056 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-5884(98)80138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Chlamydia pneumoniae is present in symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). METHOD AND MATERIALS After optimisation of DNA extraction procedures an inhibitor-controlled nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying fragments of the gene encoding the C. pneumoniae specific major outer membrane protein was performed on 124 wall-specimens from 20 patients with symptomatic AAA. RESULTS None of the specimens contained C. pneumoniae-specific DNA. Minor inhibition of the PCR was noticed especially in media specimens. CONCLUSION Using a sensitive and specific nested PCR, we were not able to detect C. pneumoniae in symptomatic AAA. The failure to detect C. pneumoniae in symptomatic AAA, combined with previously reported positive findings in atherosclerotic lesions, supports the hypothesis that AAA and atherosclerosis might be two different disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lindholt
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
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