1
|
Cao J, Mei J, Xie J. Combined effects of hypoxia and ammonia-N exposure on the oxygen consumption, glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1521-1531. [PMID: 38374273 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of hypoxia and ammonia-N co-exposure on oxygen consumption, glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in hybrid grouper. The results showed that elevated expression of GLUT1, MCT1, PFK, HK and LDH were induced by co-exposure to hypoxia and ammonia. In addition, co-exposure to hypoxia and ammonia reduced the tolerance of hybrid grouper to ammonia-N. Furthermore, ammonia-N exposure caused an increase in oxygen consumption in hybrid grouper. After ammonia-N exposure for 96 h, 10 amino acids contents and activities of AST and ALT elevated in hybrid grouper muscle. The study revealed that combined exposure to hypoxia and ammonia-N significantly increased glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption and amino acid metabolism in hybrid grouper, and presented significant synergistic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High-Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High-Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nuic B, Bowden A, Franklin CE, Cramp RL. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar do not prioritize digestion when energetic budgets are constrained by warming and hypoxia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38426401 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
During summer, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can experience prolonged periods of warming and low aquatic oxygen levels due to climate change. This often results in a drop in feed intake; however, the physiological mechanism behind this behaviour is unclear. Digestion is a metabolically expensive process that can demand a high proportion of an animal's energy budget and might not be sustainable under future warming scenarios. We investigated the effects of elevated temperature and acute hypoxia on specific dynamic action (SDA; the energetic cost of digestion), and how much of the energy budget (i.e. aerobic scope, AS) was occupied by SDA in juvenile Atlantic salmon. AS was 9% lower in 21°C-acclimated fish compared to fish reared at their optimum temperature (15°C) and was reduced by ~50% by acute hypoxia (50% air saturation) at both temperatures. Furthermore, we observed an increase in peak oxygen uptake rate during digestion which occupied ~13% of the AS at 15°C and ~20% of AS at 21°C, and increased the total cost of digestion at 21°C. The minimum oxygen tolerance threshold in digesting fish was ~42% and ~53% at 15 and 21°C, respectively, and when digesting fish were exposed to acute hypoxia, gut transit was delayed. Thus, these stressors result in a greater proportion of the available energy budget being directed away from digestion. Moderate environmental hypoxia under both optimal and high temperatures severely impedes digestion and should be avoided to limit exacerbating temperature effects on fish growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nuic
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alyssa Bowden
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lima ARA, Booms EM, Lopes AR, Martins-Cardoso S, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Ribeiro L, Castanho S, Candeias-Mendes A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Faria AM. Early life stage mechanisms of an active fish species to cope with ocean warming and hypoxia as interacting stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122989. [PMID: 37984477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ocean's characteristics are rapidly changing, modifying environmental suitability for early life stages of fish. We assessed whether the chronic effects of warming (24 °C) and hypoxia (<2-2.5 mg L-1) will be amplified by the combination of these stressors on mortality, growth, behaviour, metabolism and oxidative stress of early stages of the white seabream Diplodus sargus. Combined warming and hypoxia synergistically increased larval mortality by >51%. Warming induced faster growth in length and slower gains in weight when compared to other treatments. Boldness and exploration were not directly affected, but swimming activity increased under all test treatments. Under the combination of warming and hypoxia, routine metabolic rate (RMR) significantly decreases when compared to other treatments and shows a negative thermal dependence. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased under warming and were maintained similar to control levels under hypoxia or under combined stressors. Under hypoxia, the enzymatic activities were not enough to prevent oxidative damages as lipid peroxidation and DNA damage increased above control levels. Hypoxia reduced electron transport system activity (cellular respiration) and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity (aerobic metabolism) below control levels. However, lactate dehydrogenase activity (anaerobic metabolism) did not differ among treatments. A Redundancy Analysis showed that ∼99% of the variability in mortality, growth, behaviour and RMR among treatments can be explained by molecular responses. Mortality and growth are highly influenced by oxidative stress and energy metabolism, exhibiting a positive relationship with reactive oxygen species and a negative relationship with aerobic metabolism, regardless of treatment. Under hypoxic condition, RMR, boldness and swimming activity have a positive relationship with anaerobic metabolism regardless of temperature. Thus, seabreams may use anaerobic reliance to counterbalance the effects of the stressors on RMR, activity and growth. The outcomes suggests that early life stages of white seabream overcame the single and combined effects of hypoxia and warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André R A Lima
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Emily M Booms
- IMBRSea-The International Master of Science in Marine Biological Resources, Universities Consortium, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-013, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Martins-Cardoso
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station - EPPO, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim Do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Incorporating environmental variability in a spatially-explicit individual-based model of European sea bass✰. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
5
|
Killen SS, Christensen EAF, Cortese D, Závorka L, Norin T, Cotgrove L, Crespel A, Munson A, Nati JJH, Papatheodoulou M, McKenzie DJ. Guidelines for reporting methods to estimate metabolic rates by aquatic intermittent-flow respirometry. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242522. [PMID: 34520540 PMCID: PMC8467026 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the measurement of metabolic rates is growing rapidly, because of the importance of metabolism in advancing our understanding of organismal physiology, behaviour, evolution and responses to environmental change. The study of metabolism in aquatic animals is undergoing an especially pronounced expansion, with more researchers utilising intermittent-flow respirometry as a research tool than ever before. Aquatic respirometry measures the rate of oxygen uptake as a proxy for metabolic rate, and the intermittent-flow technique has numerous strengths for use with aquatic animals, allowing metabolic rate to be repeatedly estimated on individual animals over several hours or days and during exposure to various conditions or stimuli. There are, however, no published guidelines for the reporting of methodological details when using this method. Here, we provide the first guidelines for reporting intermittent-flow respirometry methods, in the form of a checklist of criteria that we consider to be the minimum required for the interpretation, evaluation and replication of experiments using intermittent-flow respirometry. Furthermore, using a survey of the existing literature, we show that there has been incomplete and inconsistent reporting of methods for intermittent-flow respirometry over the past few decades. Use of the provided checklist of required criteria by researchers when publishing their work should increase consistency of the reporting of methods for studies that use intermittent-flow respirometry. With the steep increase in studies using intermittent-flow respirometry, now is the ideal time to standardise reporting of methods, so that - in the future - data can be properly assessed by other scientists and conservationists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emil A. F. Christensen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daphne Cortese
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Libor Závorka
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- WasserCluster Lunz–Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lucy Cotgrove
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Amelia Munson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - Julie J. H. Nati
- MARBEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Magdalene Papatheodoulou
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre (ENALIA), 2101 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - David J. McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dubuc A, Collins GM, Coleman L, Waltham NJ, Rummer JL, Sheaves M. Association between physiological performance and short temporal changes in habitat utilisation modulated by environmental factors. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105448. [PMID: 34438217 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temporal environmental variability causes behavioural and physiological responses in organisms that can affect their spatial location in time, and ultimately drive changes in population and community dynamics. Linking ecological changes with underlying environmental drivers is a complex task that can however be facilitated through the integration of physiology. Our overarching aim was to investigate the association between physiological performance and habitat utilisation patterns modulated by short temporal fluctuations in environmental factors. We used in situ monitoring data from a system experiencing extreme environmental fluctuations over a few hours and we selected four fish species with different habitat utilisation patterns across dissolved oxygen (DO) fluctuations: two commonly observed species (Siganus lineatus and Acanthopagrus pacificus), including at low DO (40 and 50% saturation, respectively), and two reef species (Heniochus acuminatus and Chaetodon vagabundus) never recorded below 70% saturation. We hypothesised that these patterns were associated to species' physiological performance in hypoxia. Therefore, we measured different metabolic variables (O2crit, incipient lethal oxygen (ILO), time to ILO, index of cumulative ambient oxygen deficit (O2deficit), maximum oxygen supply capacity (α)) using respirometry. Physiological performance differed among species and was intrinsically associated to habitat use patterns. S. lineatus had a lower O2crit than H. acuminatus, A. pacificus and C. vagabundus (13, 18.7, 20 and 20.2% saturation respectively). Additionally, S. lineatus and A. pacificus displayed better capacity for survival below O2crit than C. vagabundus and H. acuminatus (lower ILO, higher O2deficit and longer time to ILO) and higher α. Field monitoring data revealed that DO temporarily falls below species' O2crit and even ILO on most days, suggesting that short temporal variability in DO likely forces species to temporarily avoid harmful conditions, driving important changes in ecosystem structure over a few hours. Our results support the hypothesis that organismal physiology can provide insights into ecological changes occurring over a few hours as a result of environmental variability. Consequently, integrating physiology with ecological data at relevant temporal scales may help predict temporal shifts in ecosystems structure and functions to account for ecological patterns often overlooked and difficult to identify.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dubuc
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
| | | | - Laura Coleman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Nathan J Waltham
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia; TropWATER, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Marcus Sheaves
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia; TropWATER, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jutfelt F, Norin T, Åsheim ER, Rowsey LE, Andreassen AH, Morgan R, Clark TD, Speers‐Roesch B. ‘Aerobic scope protection’ reduces ectotherm growth under warming. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Eirik R. Åsheim
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lauren E. Rowsey
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
| | - Anna H. Andreassen
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Rachael Morgan
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Timothy D. Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - Ben Speers‐Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lucas J, Logeux V, Rodrigues AMS, Stien D, Lebaron P. Exposure to four chemical UV filters through contaminated sediment: impact on survival, hatching success, cardiac frequency, and aerobic metabolic scope in embryo-larval stage of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29412-29420. [PMID: 33555472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are widely used in many pharmaceutical and personal care products such as sunscreen and cosmetics to protect from UV irradiation. Due to their hydrophobic properties and relative stability, they have a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Little information is available on their ecotoxicity on fish. In aquatic ecosystems, fish eggs could be directly affected by UV filters through contact with contaminated sediment. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual toxicity of four UV filters: benzophenone-3 (BP3), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish Danio rerio. Fish eggs were exposed to single UV filters by contact with spiked sediment during 96 h at a concentration of 10 μg g-1. Among the four UV filters tested, BP3 was the more toxic, reducing cardiac frequency and increasing standard metabolic rate of larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Valentin Logeux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alice M S Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Philippe Lebaron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Milinkovitch T, Marras S, Antognarelli F, Lefrançois C, Le Floch S, Domenici P. The effects of hypoxia on aerobic metabolism in oil-contaminated sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126678. [PMID: 32278192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and petrogenic hydrocarbon contamination are two anthropogenic stressors that coexist in coastal environments. Although studies have estimated the impact of each stressor separately, few investigations have assessed the effects of these stressors in interaction. We therefore investigated the impact of these combined stressors on sea bass, (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiology. After experimental contamination with physically dispersed oil, fish were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia, and active/standard metabolic rates (AMR and SMR, respectively), and metabolic scope (MS) were estimated. At the protocol's end, the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was estimated by evaluating relative concentrations of bile metabolites. In terms of bile metabolites, our results validated the uptake of PAHs by contaminated fish in our experimental settings, and further suggest that the hypoxic period after contamination does not reduce or increase compound metabolization processes. Our data showed significant effects of hypoxia on all metabolic rates: a significant drastic AMR reduction and significant SMR diminution led to decreased MS. We also found that oil contamination significantly impacted AMR and MS, but not SMR. These results suggested that when evaluated separately, hypoxia or oil affect the metabolic rate of sea bass. On the other hand, when evaluated in combination, no cumulative effects were observed, since fish exposed to both stressors did not show a stronger impact on metabolism than fish exposed to hypoxia alone. This suggests that oil impacts fish metabolism when fish occupy normoxic waters, and that oil does not magnify hypoxia-induced effects on fish metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milinkovitch
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Antognarelli
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Christel Lefrançois
- LIENSs UMR 7266, Littoral Environnement et sociétés, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS41836-F-29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Temperature and food availability alters the physiology and aerobic capacity of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 245:110704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Steell SC, Van Leeuwen TE, Brownscombe JW, Cooke SJ, Eliason EJ. An appetite for invasion: digestive physiology, thermal performance and food intake in lionfish ( Pterois spp.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209437. [PMID: 31527176 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Species invasions threaten global biodiversity, and physiological characteristics may determine their impact. Specific dynamic action (SDA; the increase in metabolic rate associated with feeding and digestion) is one such characteristic, strongly influencing an animal's energy budget and feeding ecology. We investigated the relationship between SDA, scope for activity, metabolic phenotype, temperature and feeding frequency in lionfish (Pterois spp.), which are invasive to western Atlantic marine ecosystems. Intermittent-flow respirometry was used to determine SDA, scope for activity and metabolic phenotype at 26°C and 32°C. Maximum metabolic rate occurred during digestion, as opposed to exhaustive exercise, as in more athletic species. SDA and its duration (SDAdur) were 30% and 45% lower at 32°C than at 26°C, respectively, and lionfish ate 42% more at 32°C. Despite a 32% decline in scope for activity from 26°C to 32°C, aerobic scope may have increased by 24%, as there was a higher range between standard metabolic rate (SMR) and peak SDA (SDApeak; the maximum postprandial metabolic rate). Individuals with high SMR and low scope for activity phenotypes had a less costly SDA and shorter SDAdur but a higher SDApeak Feeding frequently had a lower and more consistent cost than consuming a single meal, but increased SDApeak These findings demonstrate that: (1) lionfish are robust physiological performers in terms of SDA and possibly aerobic scope at temperatures approaching their thermal maximum, (2) lionfish may consume more prey as oceans warm with climate change, and (3) metabolic phenotype and feeding frequency may be important mediators of feeding ecology in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Clay Steell
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Travis E Van Leeuwen
- The Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 80 East White Hills Road, PO Box 5667, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5X1
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Glover CN, Weinrauch AM, Bynevelt S, Bucking C. Feeding in Eptatretus cirrhatus: effects on metabolism, gut structure and digestive processes, and the influence of post-prandial dissolved oxygen availability. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 229:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Thermal tolerance and standard metabolic rate of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus, 1758) acclimated to four temperatures. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:209-213. [PMID: 30509637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we report the thermal tolerance, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and preferred temperature of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (1.2 ± 0.4 g) acclimated at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C for 30 days. Dynamic and static thermal tolerance zones of juvenile European sea bass are 861 °C2 and 613 °C2, respectively. The European sea bass is a fish species with low thermal resistance, with a resistance zone area of 162.5 °C2. The SMR of the fish species at the above acclimation temperatures are 184, 255, 382 and 459 mg O2 h-1 kg-1, respectively and are significantly different (P < 0.001, n = 10). The fact that SMR increases with rising temperatures and gradually decreases after 25 °C indicates that the preferred temperature ranges of juvenile European sea bass are between 25 and 30 °C. Our study shows that European sea bass has a low acclimatization capacity to survive in aquatic systems characterized by wide temperature fluctuations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Domenici P, Steffensen JF, Marras S. The effect of hypoxia on fish schooling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0236. [PMID: 28673914 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-oxygen areas are expanding in the oceans as a result of climate change. Work carried out during the past two decades suggests that, in addition to impairing basic physiological functions, hypoxia can also affect fish behaviour. Given that many fish species are known to school, and that schooling is advantageous for their survival, the effect of hypoxia on schooling behaviour may have important ecological consequences. Here, we review the effects of hypoxia on school structure and dynamics, together with the mechanisms that cause an increase in school volume and that ultimately lead to school disruption. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia generates a number of trade-offs in terms of schooling positions and school structure. Field observations have found that large schools of fish can exacerbate hypoxic conditions, with potential consequences for school structure and size. Therefore, previous models that predict the maximum size attainable by fish schools in relation to oxygen levels are also reviewed. Finally, we suggest that studies on the effect of hypoxia on schooling need to be integrated with those on temperature and ocean acidifications within a framework aimed at increasing our ability to predict the effect of multiple stressors of climate change on fish behaviour.This article is part of the themed issue 'Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Domenici
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Torregrande 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Københavns Universitet, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Stefano Marras
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Torregrande 09170, Oristano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nie LJ, Fu SJ. Metabolic, behavioral, and locomotive effects of feeding in five cyprinids with different habitat preferences. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1531-1542. [PMID: 28567498 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish generally perform routine swimming behaviors during food digestion; thus, changes in swimming performance and adjustments to spontaneous behavior resulting from digestion can have important ecological significance for wild fishes. The effects of feeding on metabolism, spontaneous activity, fast-start escape movement, and critical swimming speed (U crit) were investigated in five cyprinids with different habitat preferences, specifically the Chinese crucian carp (Carassius auratus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), Chinese bream (Parabramis pekinensis), and qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). Generally, species in still water exhibited increased feeding metabolism, whereas species in flowing water showed higher spontaneous activity and locomotion performance. Digestion had no significant effects on either spontaneous activity or fast-start escape movement in the five cyprinids. These results could be due to the small meal sizes (approximately 2% body mass) and active foraging modes of cyprinids. The changes in aerobic swimming performance due to feeding were more complex. No effect of digestion on U crit was observed in crucian carp (still water, high feeding metabolism, and low U crit), common carp (widely distributed, high feeding metabolism, and high U crit), and qingbo (flowing water, low feeding metabolism, and high U crit), but digestion resulted in a significant decrease in the U crit of Chinese bream (moderate feeding metabolism but high U crit) and black carp (moderate feeding metabolism and low U crit), suggesting no connection between postprandial U crit changes and feeding metabolism (or between U crit and preferred habitat). The maximum metabolic rate (MMR) of common carp and crucian carp increased after feeding, whereas the corresponding values for the other three cyprinids remained the same. The oxygen uptake capacity appears to meet the oxygen demand of both aerobic swimming and digestion in common carp and crucian carp, whereas qingbo sacrifices digestion for locomotion, and black carp and Chinese bream sacrifice locomotion for digestion under postprandial swimming conditions. The locomotion-priority mode of qingbo is adaptive to its active foraging mode in the demanding swimming habitat of rapidly flowing water, whereas the high respiratory capacities of postprandial crucian carp and common carp and hence the maintenance of their aerobic swimming performances might be a by-product of natural selection for hypoxia tolerance rather than for swimming speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Nie
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shi-Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kraskura K, Nelson JA. Hypoxia and Sprint Swimming Performance of Juvenile Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 91:682-690. [PMID: 29120695 DOI: 10.1086/694933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Annual hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay has expanded to the point where Darwinian fitness of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) may depend on their ability to perform in low-oxygen environments. The locomotion they use in predator/prey dynamics relies primarily on white (type II) muscle that is powered by anaerobic metabolic pathways and has generally been thought to be immune to aquatic hypoxia. We tested the sprint performance of 15 juvenile striped bass twice under acute hypoxia (20% air saturation [AS]) 5 wk apart and once under normoxia (>85% AS) in between. Average sprint performance was lower under the first hypoxia exposure than in normoxia and increased in the second hypoxia test relative to the first. The rank order of individual sprint performance was significantly repeatable when comparing the two hypoxia tests but not when compared with sprint performance measured under normoxic conditions. The maximum sprint performance of each individual was also significantly repeatable within a given day. Thus, sprint performance of striped bass is reduced under hypoxia, is phenotypically plastic, and improves with repetitive hypoxia exposures but is unrelated to relative sprint performance under normoxia. Since energy to fuel a sprint comes from existing ATP and creatine phosphate stores, the decline in sprint performance probably reflects reduced function of a part of the reflex chain leading from detection of aversive stimuli to activation of the muscle used to power the escape response.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lefevre S, McKenzie DJ, Nilsson GE. Models projecting the fate of fish populations under climate change need to be based on valid physiological mechanisms. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3449-3459. [PMID: 28168760 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Some recent modelling papers projecting smaller fish sizes and catches in a warmer future are based on erroneous assumptions regarding (i) the scaling of gills with body mass and (ii) the energetic cost of 'maintenance'. Assumption (i) posits that insurmountable geometric constraints prevent respiratory surface areas from growing as fast as body volume. It is argued that these constraints explain allometric scaling of energy metabolism, whereby larger fishes have relatively lower mass-specific metabolic rates. Assumption (ii) concludes that when fishes reach a certain size, basal oxygen demands will not be met, because of assumption (i). We here demonstrate unequivocally, by applying accepted physiological principles with reference to the existing literature, that these assumptions are not valid. Gills are folded surfaces, where the scaling of surface area to volume is not constrained by spherical geometry. The gill surface area can, in fact, increase linearly in proportion to gill volume and body mass. We cite the large body of evidence demonstrating that respiratory surface areas in fishes reflect metabolic needs, not vice versa, which explains the large interspecific variation in scaling of gill surface areas. Finally, we point out that future studies basing their predictions on models should incorporate factors for scaling of metabolic rate and for temperature effects on metabolism, which agree with measured values, and should account for interspecific variation in scaling and temperature effects. It is possible that some fishes will become smaller in the future, but to make reliable predictions the underlying mechanisms need to be identified and sought elsewhere than in geometric constraints on gill surface area. Furthermore, to ensure that useful information is conveyed to the public and policymakers about the possible effects of climate change, it is necessary to improve communication and congruity between fish physiologists and fisheries scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Postbox 1066 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - David J McKenzie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, UMR 9190 MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Place E. Bataillon cc 093, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Göran E Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Postbox 1066 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mazloumi N, Johansen JL, Doubleday ZA, Gillanders BM. Q 10 measures of metabolic performance and critical swimming speed in King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2200-2205. [PMID: 28211053 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined thermally driven changes in swimming performance and aerobic metabolism (Q10 and aerobic scope of activity) of adult King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus to the coldest (16° C) and the warmest (26° C) temperature encountered by this species. Compensation of aerobic scope, higher maximal swimming speeds and a maintained capacity to repay oxygen debt indicate that this species is capable of thermal acclimation to conditions expected under global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mazloumi
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building DX 650 418, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - J L Johansen
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78373, U.S.A
| | - Z A Doubleday
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building DX 650 418, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - B M Gillanders
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building DX 650 418, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Killen SS, Norin T, Halsey LG. Do method and species lifestyle affect measures of maximum metabolic rate in fishes? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1037-1046. [PMID: 27778342 PMCID: PMC5347950 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which active animals can expend energy is limited by their maximum aerobic metabolic rate (MMR). Two methods are commonly used to estimate MMR as oxygen uptake in fishes, namely during prolonged swimming or immediately following brief exhaustive exercise, but it is unclear whether they return different estimates of MMR or whether their effectiveness for estimating MMR varies among species with different lifestyles. A broad comparative analysis of MMR data from 121 fish species revealed little evidence of different results between the two methods, either for fishes in general or for species of benthic, benthopelagic or pelagic lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQU.K.
| | - T. Norin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQU.K.
| | - L. G. Halsey
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonHolybourne AvenueLondonSW15 4JDU.K.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nie LJ, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. Digesting or swimming? Integration of the postprandial metabolism, behavior and locomotion in a frequently foraging fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:205-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
21
|
Li XM, Liu L, Yuan JM, Xiao YY, Fu SJ, Zhang YG. The effect of aerobic exercise and starvation on growth performance and postprandial metabolic response in juvenile southern catfish ( Silurus meridionalis ). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 193:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
22
|
Ozolina K, Shiels HA, Ollivier H, Claireaux G. Intraspecific individual variation of temperature tolerance associated with oxygen demand in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov060. [PMID: 27382468 PMCID: PMC4922261 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is an economically important fish native to the Mediterranean and Northern Atlantic. Its complex life cycle involves many migrations through temperature gradients that affect the energetic demands of swimming. Previous studies have shown large intraspecific variation in swimming performance and temperature tolerance, which could include deleterious and advantageous traits under the evolutionary pressure of climate change. However, little is known of the underlying determinants of this individual variation. We investigated individual variation in temperature tolerance in 30 sea bass by exposing them to a warm temperature challenge test. The eight most temperature-tolerant and eight most temperature-sensitive fish were then studied further to determine maximal swimming speed (U CAT), aerobic scope and post-exercise oxygen consumption. Finally, ventricular contractility in each group was determined using isometric muscle preparations. The temperature-tolerant fish showed lower resting oxygen consumption rates, possessed larger hearts and initially recovered from exhaustive exercise faster than the temperature-sensitive fish. Thus, whole-animal temperature tolerance was associated with important performance traits. However, the temperature-tolerant fish also demonstrated poorer maximal swimming capacity (i.e. lower U CAT) than their temperature-sensitive counterparts, which may indicate a trade-off between temperature tolerance and swimming performance. Interestingly, the larger relative ventricular mass of the temperature-tolerant fish did not equate to greater ventricular contractility, suggesting that larger stroke volumes, rather than greater contractile strength, may be associated with thermal tolerance in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlina Ozolina
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané 29280, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ejbye-Ernst R, Michaelsen TY, Tirsgaard B, Wilson JM, Jensen LF, Steffensen JF, Pertoldi C, Aarestrup K, Svendsen JC. Partitioning the metabolic scope: the importance of anaerobic metabolism and implications for the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow019. [PMID: 27293766 PMCID: PMC4896295 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is predicted to affect the distribution and abundance of aquatic ectotherms owing to increasing constraints on organismal physiology, in particular involving the metabolic scope (MS) available for performance and fitness. The oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis prescribes MS as an overarching benchmark for fitness-related performance and assumes that any anaerobic contribution within the MS is insignificant. The MS is typically derived from respirometry by subtracting standard metabolic rate from the maximal metabolic rate; however, the methodology rarely accounts for anaerobic metabolism within the MS. Using gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), this study tested for trade-offs (i) between aerobic and anaerobic components of locomotor performance; and (ii) between the corresponding components of the MS. Data collection involved measuring oxygen consumption rate at increasing swimming speeds, using the gait transition from steady to unsteady (burst-assisted) swimming to detect the onset of anaerobic metabolism. Results provided evidence of the locomotor performance trade-off, but only in S. aurata. In contrast, both species revealed significant negative correlations between aerobic and anaerobic components of the MS, indicating a trade-off where both components of the MS cannot be optimized simultaneously. Importantly, the fraction of the MS influenced by anaerobic metabolism was on average 24.3 and 26.1% in S. aurata and P. reticulata, respectively. These data highlight the importance of taking anaerobic metabolism into account when assessing effects of environmental variation on the MS, because the fraction where anaerobic metabolism occurs is a poor indicator of sustainable aerobic performance. Our results suggest that without accounting for anaerobic metabolism within the MS, studies involving the OCLTT hypothesis could overestimate the metabolic scope available for sustainable activities and the ability of individuals and species to cope with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ejbye-Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Y. Michaelsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. Tel: +45 42 40 08 32.
| | - Bjørn Tirsgaard
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Molecular Eco-physiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jon C. Svendsen
- Molecular Eco-physiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Charlottenlund, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lucas J, Bonnieux A, Lyphout L, Cousin X, Miramand P, Lefrançois C. Trophic contamination by pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not affect aerobic metabolic scope in zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:433-442. [PMID: 26768980 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of trophic exposure to pyrolitic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on aerobic metabolism of zebrafish Danio rerio was investigated. There were no significant differences in standard metabolic rate (SMR), active metabolic rate (AMR) or aerobic metabolic scope (AS) at any sublethal concentration of PAH in the diet of adult or juvenile fish. This suggests that under these experimental conditions, exposure to PAH in food did not influence aerobic metabolism of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - A Bonnieux
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - L Lyphout
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - X Cousin
- IFREMER, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
- INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 16A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - P Miramand
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - C Lefrançois
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Norin T, Clark TD. Measurement and relevance of maximum metabolic rate in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:122-51. [PMID: 26586591 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maximum (aerobic) metabolic rate (MMR) is defined here as the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (M˙O2max ) that a fish can achieve at a given temperature under any ecologically relevant circumstance. Different techniques exist for eliciting MMR of fishes, of which swim-flume respirometry (critical swimming speed tests and burst-swimming protocols) and exhaustive chases are the most common. Available data suggest that the most suitable method for eliciting MMR varies with species and ecotype, and depends on the propensity of the fish to sustain swimming for extended durations as well as its capacity to simultaneously exercise and digest food. MMR varies substantially (>10 fold) between species with different lifestyles (i.e. interspecific variation), and to a lesser extent (<three-fold) between individuals of the same species (i.e. intraspecific variation). MMR often changes allometrically with body size and is modulated by several environmental factors, including temperature and oxygen availability. Due to the significance of MMR in determining aerobic scope, interest in measuring this trait has spread across disciplines in attempts to predict effects of climate change on fish populations. Here, various techniques used to elicit and measure MMR in different fish species with contrasting lifestyles are outlined and the relevance of MMR to the ecology, fitness and climate change resilience of fishes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Norin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - T D Clark
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Qld, 4810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Claireaux G, Chabot D. Responses by fishes to environmental hypoxia: integration through Fry's concept of aerobic metabolic scope. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:232-51. [PMID: 26768976 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The problem of understanding the effect of the environment on fish activities and performance, in any generalized way, remains intractable. Solving this issue is, however, a key to addressing contemporary environmental concerns. As suggested 20 years ago by W. H. Neill, the authors returned to the drawing board, using as a background the conceptual scheme initially proposed by F. E. J. Fry. They revisited the effect of ambient oxygen availability upon fish metabolism and clarified the definitions of limiting, critical and incipient lethal oxygen (ILO) levels. The concepts of oxy-conformer and oxy-regulator are revisited, and P. W. Hochachka's idea of scope for survival is explored. Finally, how the cardiovascular system contributes to the capacity of fishes to respond to the reduced oxygen availability is considered. Various hands-on recommendations and software (R scripts) are provided for researchers interested in investigating these concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - D Chabot
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lucas J, Perrichon P, Nouhaud M, Audras A, Leguen I, Lefrancois C. Aerobic metabolism and cardiac activity in the descendants of zebrafish exposed to pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13888-13897. [PMID: 24994101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increase of anthropogenic activities on coastal areas induces discharges of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem. PAH effects depend not only on their concentration and the way of contamination but also on the different developmental stages of the organism. Zebrafish were exposed to relevant concentration of pyrolytic PAHs from the first meal (i.e., 5-day post fertilization, dpf) to mature adults. Parental effect of this type of exposure was evaluated through the assessment of aerobic metabolic scope, cardiac frequency, and cardiac mRNA expression on larval and/or embryo progeny of contaminated fish. Our results suggest that cardiac frequency increased in larval descendants of fish exposed to the environmental concentration of pyrolytic PAHs (i.e., 5 ng.g(-1) of food), while a lack of effect on aerobic metabolism in 5 dpf larvae was highlighted. A surexpression of mRNA related to the cardiac calcium transporting ATPase atp2a2a, a protein essential for contraction, is in accordance with this increasing cardiac frequency. Even if cardiac development genes cmlc1 and tnnt2a were not affected at early life stages tested, complementary work on cardiac structure could be interesting to better understand PAHs action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucas
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La rochelle, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sandblom E, Gräns A, Axelsson M, Seth H. Temperature acclimation rate of aerobic scope and feeding metabolism in fishes: implications in a thermally extreme future. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20141490. [PMID: 25232133 PMCID: PMC4211447 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature acclimation may offset the increased energy expenditure (standard metabolic rate, SMR) and reduced scope for activity (aerobic scope, AS) predicted to occur with local and global warming in fishes and other ectotherms. Yet, the time course and mechanisms of this process is little understood. Acclimation dynamics of SMR, maximum metabolic rate, AS and the specific dynamic action of feeding (SDA) were determined in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) after transfer from 10°C to 16°C. SMR increased in the first week by 82% reducing AS to 55% of initial values, while peak postprandial metabolism was initially greater. This meant that the estimated AS during peak SDA approached zero, constraining digestion and leaving little room for additional aerobic processes. After eight weeks at 16°C, SMR was restored, while AS and the estimated AS during peak SDA recovered partly. Collectively, this demonstrated a considerable capacity for metabolic thermal compensation, which should be better incorporated into future models on organismal responses to climate change. A mathematical model based on the empirical data suggested that phenotypes with fast acclimation rates may be favoured by natural selection as the accumulated energetic cost of a slow acclimation rate increases in a warmer future with exacerbated thermal variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albin Gräns
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Seth
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lucas J, Schouman A, Lyphout L, Cousin X, Lefrancois C. Allometric relationship between body mass and aerobic metabolism in zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:1171-1178. [PMID: 24628562 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between body mass (M) and metabolic rate was investigated through the assessment of active (R(A)) and standard (R(S)) metabolic rate at different life stages in zebrafish Danio rerio (5 day-old larvae, 2 month-old juveniles and 6 month-old adults). Scaling exponents and constants were assessed for standard (R(S) = 0·273M(0·965) in mgO(2) g(-1) h(-1)) and active metabolic rate (R(A) = 0·799M(0·926) in mgO(2) g(-1) h(-1)). These data provide the basis for further experiments regarding the effects of environmental factors on aerobic metabolism throughout the life cycle of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement Sociétés (LIENSs), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lefevre S, Domenici P, McKenzie DJ. Swimming in air-breathing fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 84:661-681. [PMID: 24502687 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fishes with bimodal respiration differ in the extent of their reliance on air breathing to support aerobic metabolism, which is reflected in their lifestyles and ecologies. Many freshwater species undertake seasonal and reproductive migrations that presumably involve sustained aerobic exercise. In the six species studied to date, aerobic exercise in swim flumes stimulated air-breathing behaviour, and there is evidence that surfacing frequency and oxygen uptake from air show an exponential increase with increasing swimming speed. In some species, this was associated with an increase in the proportion of aerobic metabolism met by aerial respiration, while in others the proportion remained relatively constant. The ecological significance of anaerobic swimming activities, such as sprinting and fast-start manoeuvres during predator-prey interactions, has been little studied in air-breathing fishes. Some species practise air breathing during recovery itself, while others prefer to increase aquatic respiration, possibly to promote branchial ion exchange to restore acid-base balance, and to remain quiescent and avoid being visible to predators. Overall, the diversity of air-breathing fishes is reflected in their swimming physiology as well, and further research is needed to increase the understanding of the differences and the mechanisms through which air breathing is controlled and used during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clark TD, Sandblom E, Jutfelt F. Aerobic scope measurements of fishes in an era of climate change: respirometry, relevance and recommendations. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2771-82. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.084251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Measurements of aerobic scope [the difference between minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rate ( and , respectively)] are increasing in prevalence as a tool to address questions relating to fish ecology and the effects of climate change. However, there are underlying issues regarding the array of methods used to measure aerobic scope across studies and species. In an attempt to enhance quality control before the diversity of issues becomes too great to remedy, this paper outlines common techniques and pitfalls associated with measurements of , and aerobic scope across species and under different experimental conditions. Additionally, we provide a brief critique of the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, a concept that is intricately dependent on aerobic scope measurements and is spreading wildly throughout the literature despite little evidence for its general applicability. It is the intention of this paper to encourage transparency and accuracy in future studies that measure the aerobic metabolism of fishes, and to highlight the fundamental issues with assuming broad relevance of the OCLTT hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Clark
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 4810
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
McBryan TL, Anttila K, Healy TM, Schulte PM. Responses to temperature and hypoxia as interacting stressors in fish: implications for adaptation to environmental change. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:648-59. [PMID: 23784697 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change is exposing animals to changes in a complex array of interacting stressors and is already having important effects on the distribution and abundance of species. However, despite extensive examination of the effects of stressors in isolation, knowledge of the effects of stressors in combination is limited. This lack of information makes predicting the responses of organisms to anthropogenic environmental change challenging. Here, we focus on the effects of temperature and hypoxia as interacting stressors in fishes. A review of the available evidence suggests that temperature and hypoxia act synergistically such that small shifts in one stressor could result in large effects on organismal performance when a fish is exposed to the 2 stressors in combination. Although these stressors pose substantial challenges for fish, there also is substantial intraspecific variation in tolerance to these stressors that could act as the raw material for the evolution of improved tolerance. However, the potential for adaptive change is, in part, dependent on the nature of the correlations among traits associated with tolerance. For example, negative genetic correlations (or trade-offs) between tolerances to temperature and hypoxia could limit the potential for adaptation to the combined stressors, while positive genetic correlations might be of benefit. The limited data currently available suggest that tolerances to hypoxia and to high-temperature may be positively correlated in some species of fish, suggesting the possibility for adaptive evolution in these traits in response to anthropogenic environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L McBryan
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lurman GJ, Hilton Z, Ragg NLC. Energetics of byssus attachment and feeding in the green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2013; 224:79-88. [PMID: 23677973 DOI: 10.1086/bblv224n2p79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In most animals, significant increases in metabolic rate are due to activity and to feeding (known as apparent specific dynamic action). We determined the energetic costs of activity and feeding in adult green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus). Maximal metabolic rate was determined, using closed-chamber respirometry, during byssus re-attachment, during specific dynamic action after 16 h of feeding with Isochrysis galbana, and for the two activities combined, in 23 mussels. Metabolic rate was significantly elevated above rest by about 1.9-fold during byssus attachment (17.1 ± 1.53 μg O(2) h(-1) g(-1) whole mussel wet weight at rest, increased to 27.9 ± 0.91 μg O(2) h(-1) g(-1)), and by 2.2-fold after feeding (31.4 ± 1.20 μg O(2) h(-1) g(-1)). Combined feeding and byssus attachment led to a still higher metabolic rate (34.0 ± 1.23 μg O(2) h(-1) g(-1)). Behavior was also significantly altered, with mussels being almost continuously open during attachment and after feeding (90%-99% of the time); however, the time spent open during the day decreased, reaching a minimum of 52% ± 9% 3 days after feeding, and remained low (67%-82%) for the following 45-day starvation period. Significant diurnal differences were observed, with mussels continuously (92%-100%) open at night. The key findings from this study are that green-lipped mussels (1) have an aerobic scope of approximately 2-fold; (2) reach a higher metabolic rate during feeding than during activity, and the two combined can raise the metabolic rate higher still; (3) display a marked diurnal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Lurman
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
The effects of caudal fin amputation on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species with different metabolic modes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:456-65. [PMID: 23269108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic competitive modes between digestion and locomotion are classified into three categories, termed the additive, digestion- and locomotion-priority modes. In nature, the caudal fin is frequently observed to sustain damage as a result of social rank, predation or disease. To test whether the metabolic mode changed differently for fish with different metabolic mode after caudal fin amputation as a consequence of intensified energy competition, we investigated the swimming performance of fasting and fed fish with and without the caudal fin in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species: qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis, locomotion-priority mode), common carp (Cyprinus carpio, additive mode) and goldfish (Carassius auratus, digestion-priority mode). The critical swimming speed (U(crit)) of fasting qingbo, common carp and goldfish decreased significantly by 49%, 32% and 35% after caudal fin amputation. The maximum tail beat amplitude (TBA(max)) (all three fishes), maximum tail beat frequency (TBF(max)) (only common carp and goldfish) and (or) active metabolic rate (M˙O(2active)) (only common carp) increased significantly after caudal fin amputation. In the control fish, digestion let to a significantly lower U(crit) in goldfish but not in qingbo and common carp, and the M˙O(2active) of digesting common carp was higher than that of fasting fish, suggesting locomotion-priority, additive and digestion-priority metabolic modes in qingbo, common carp and goldfish, respectively. However, after fin amputation, digestion showed no effect on U(crit) in any of the three fishes, and only the digesting common carp showed a higher M˙O(2active) than their fasting counterparts. This result suggested that the metabolic mode of the goldfish changed from the digestion- to the locomotion-priority mode, whereas the metabolic mode of the other two fishes remained the same after fin amputation. The metabolic mode of the common carp showed no change after fin amputation likely due to the high flexibility of the cardio-respiratory capacity of this fish, as indicated by the increased M˙O(2active). Although the metabolic mode remained the same, the feeding metabolism in the fin-amputated qingbo was down-regulated at a lower swimming speed than that of the control group due to the intensified competition between digestion and locomotion. The underlying mechanism for the metabolic mode change in the goldfish is not clear and needs further investigation. However, we speculated that in caudal-fin-intact goldfish, the decreased swimming efficiency, rather than irreducible digestive loading, caused a decreased U(crit) in digesting fish (i.e. false digestion-priority mode), and the metabolic mode should not be judged simply by the relative magnitude of the metabolic rates of fasting and digesting fish.
Collapse
|
35
|
McKenzie DJ, Steffensen JF, Taylor EW, Abe AS. The contribution of air breathing to aerobic scope and exercise performance in the banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:1323-30. [PMID: 22442370 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.064543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of air breathing to aerobic metabolic scope and exercise performance was investigated in a teleost with bimodal respiration, the banded knifefish, submitted to a critical swimming speed (U(crit)) protocol at 30°C. Seven individuals (mean ± s.e.m. mass 89±7 g, total length 230±4 mm) achieved a U(crit) of 2.1±1 body lengths (BL) s(-1) and an active metabolic rate (AMR) of 350±21 mg kg(-1) h(-1), with 38±6% derived from air breathing. All of the knifefish exhibited a significant increase in air-breathing frequency (f(AB)) with swimming speed. If denied access to air in normoxia, these individuals achieved a U(crit) of 2.0±0.2 BL s(-1) and an AMR of 368±24 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by gill ventilation alone. In normoxia, therefore, the contribution of air breathing to scope and exercise was entirely facultative. In aquatic hypoxia (P(O(2))=4 kPa) with access to normoxic air, the knifefish achieved a U(crit) of 2.0±0.1 BL s(-1) and an AMR of 338±29 mg kg(-1) h(-1), similar to aquatic normoxia, but with 55±5% of AMR derived from air breathing. Indeed, f(AB) was higher than in normoxia at all swimming speeds, with a profound exponential increase during exercise. If the knifefish were denied access to air in hypoxia, U(crit) declined to 1.2±0.1 BL s(-1) and AMR declined to 199±29 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Therefore, air breathing allowed the knifefish to avoid limitations to aerobic scope and exercise performance in aquatic hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Rio Claro, 13506-900 Rio Claro - SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
The effects of dissolved oxygen levels on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in Cyprinid fishes with different locomotive and digestive performances. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 182:641-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Pang X, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. The effects of temperature on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish (Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio and Spinibarbus sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Fu SJ, Brauner CJ, Cao ZD, Richards JG, Peng JL, Dhillon R, Wang YX. The effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Exp Biol 2011; 214:2080-8. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.053132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to determine whether acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise would increase hypoxia tolerance (as indicated by a decrease in critical oxygen tension, Pcrit) and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus), and to investigate the relationship between changes in performance and gill remodelling and tissue metabolic capacity. Goldfish were acclimated to either hypoxia (48 h at 0.3 mg O2 l–1) or sustained exercise (48 h at 70% of critical swimming speed, Ucrit) and then Pcrit and Ucrit were determined in normoxia (10 mg O2 l–1) and hypoxia (1 mg O2 l–1) and compared with values from control fish. Acclimation to both hypoxia and sustained exercise improved hypoxia tolerance (Pcrit was reduced by 49% and 39%, respectively), which was associated with an increase in lamellar surface area (71% and 43%, respectively) and an increase in blood [Hb] (26% in both groups). Exercise acclimation also resulted in a decrease in routine (). Acclimation to both hypoxia and sustained exercise resulted in a significant increase in Ucrit in hypoxia (18% and 17%, respectively), which was associated with an increase in maximal O2 consumption rate at Ucrit (; 35% and 39%, respectively). While hypoxia acclimation resulted in an increase in Ucrit in normoxia, acclimation to sustained exercise did not improve subsequent swimming performance in normoxia. This lack of improvement was possibly due to depleted oxidizable substrates during exercise acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Colin J. Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Zhen-Dong Cao
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Jeffrey G. Richards
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Jiang-Lan Peng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Rashpal Dhillon
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fu SJ, Pang X, Cao ZD, Peng JL, Yan G. The effects of fasting on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:498-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
The effects of dissolved oxygen level on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:212-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Li XM, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. The effect of exercise training on the metabolic interaction between feeding and locomotion in the juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 313:557-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
42
|
Dupont-Prinet A, Chatain B, Grima L, Vandeputte M, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ. Physiological mechanisms underlying a trade-off between growth rate and tolerance of feed deprivation in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:1143-52. [PMID: 20228351 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The specific growth rate (SGR) of a cohort of 2000 tagged juvenile European sea bass was measured in a common tank, during two sequential cycles comprising three-weeks feed deprivation followed by three-weeks ad libitum re-feeding. After correction for initial size at age as fork length, there was a direct correlation between negative SGR (rate of mass loss) during feed deprivation and positive SGR (rate of compensatory growth) during re-feeding (Spearman rank correlation R=0.388, P=0.000002). Following a period of rearing under standard culture conditions, individuals representing 'high growth' phenotypes (GP) and 'high tolerance of feed deprivation' phenotypes (DP) were selected from either end of the SGR spectrum. Static and swimming respirometry could not demonstrate lower routine or standard metabolic rate in DP to account for greater tolerance of feed deprivation. Increased rates of compensatory growth in GP were not linked to greater maximum metabolic rate, aerobic metabolic scope or maximum cardiac performance than DP. When fed a standard ration, however, GP completed the specific dynamic action (SDA) response significantly faster than DP. Therefore, higher growth rate in GP was linked to greater capacity to process food. There was no difference in SDA coefficient, an indicator of energetic efficiency. The results indicate that individual variation in growth rate in sea bass reflects, in part, a trade-off against tolerance of food deprivation. The two phenotypes represented the opposing ends of a spectrum. The GP aims to exploit available resources and grow as rapidly as possible but at a cost of physiological and/or behavioural attributes, which lead to increased energy dissipation when food is not available. An opposing strategy, exemplified by DP, is less 'boom and bust', with a lower physiological capacity to exploit resources but which is less costly to sustain during periods of food deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dupont-Prinet
- Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Seth H, Axelsson M, Farrell AP. The circulation and metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)03009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|