1
|
Anttila K, Mauduit F, Kanerva M, Götting M, Nikinmaa M, Claireaux G. Cardiovascular oxygen transport and peripheral oxygen extraction capacity contribute to acute heat tolerance in European seabass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111340. [PMID: 36347467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether different parameters describing cardiovascular function, energy metabolism, oxygen transport and oxidative stress were related to the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and if there were differential changes in these parameters during and after heat shock in animals with different CTMAX in order to characterize which physiological features make seabass vulnerable to heat waves. Seabass (n = 621) were tested for CTMAX and the physiological parameters were measured in individuals with good or poor temperature tolerance before and after a heat shock (change in temperature from 15 °C to 28 °C in 1.5 h). Fish with good thermal tolerance had larger ventricles with higher maximal heart rate during the heat shock than individuals with poor tolerance. Furthermore, they initially had a high ventricular Ca2+-ATPase activity, which was reduced to a similar level as in fish with poor tolerance following heat shock. The activity of heart lactate dehydrogenase increased in fish with high tolerance, when they were exposed to heat shock, while the aerobic enzyme activity did not differ between groups. The tolerant individuals had smaller red muscle fibers with higher myoglobin content than the poorly tolerant ones. The poorly tolerant individuals had higher hematocrit, which increased with heat shock in both groups. The poorly tolerant individuals had also higher activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress especially after heat shock. In general, CTMAX was not depending on merely one physiological factor but several organ and cellular parameters were related to the CTMAX of seabass and when working in combination they might protect the highly tolerant seabass from future heat waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Götting
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aimon C, Lebigre C, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Effects of dispersant-treated oil upon behavioural and metabolic parameters of the anti-predator response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155430. [PMID: 35461926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to oil and oil dispersants can cause a wide range of physiological dysfunctions in marine fish species and evidences for consequences on behaviour are also increasing. In response to the presence of predators or to food availability, the modulation of locomotor activity and schools' behaviour enable fish to maximize their survival rates. However, the degree to which this regulatory process is affected by exposure to oil and/or dispersants is yet unknown. Here we investigated the effect of a 62-h experimental exposure to dispersant-treated oil on the behavioural (shoal cohesion, spontaneous activity) and metabolic (oxygen consumption) responses to simulated predation in juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Our results suggest that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons may affect negatively individual fitness through impaired ability to respond to predation. Shoal cohesion was not affected, but fish swimming activity was higher than control individuals under predation pressure and the amplitude of their metabolic response was significantly reduced. Fish recovered from alteration of their metabolic response 7 days post-exposure. Additionally, a strong habituation component was observed in C fish and the absence of such pattern in E fish suggest altered capacity to habituate over time to the surrounding environment and possible impairments of the related cognitive performances. Altogether, our data show that juvenile sea bass exposed to oil exhibit transient physiological dysfunctions and impairments of complex behaviours that may have major population-level consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France.
| | - C Lebigre
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - S Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pettinau L, Lancien F, Zhang Y, Mauduit F, Ollivier H, Farrell AP, Claireaux G, Anttila K. Warm, but not hypoxic acclimation, prolongs ventricular diastole and decreases the protein level of Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger to enhance cardiac thermal tolerance in European sea bass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 272:111266. [PMID: 35772648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the physiological mechanisms that can limit the fish's ability to face hypoxia or elevated temperature, is maximal cardiac performance. Yet, few studies have measured how cardiac electrical activity and associated calcium cycling proteins change with acclimation to those environmental stressors. To examine this, we acclimated European sea bass for 6 weeks to three experimental conditions: a seasonal average temperature in normoxia (16 °C; 100% air sat.), an elevated temperature in normoxia (25 °C; 100% air sat.) and a seasonal average temperature in hypoxia (16 °C; 50% air sat.). Following each acclimation, the electrocardiogram was measured to assess how acclimation affected the different phases of cardiac cycle, the maximal heart rate (fHmax) and cardiac thermal performance during an acute increase of temperature. Whereas warm acclimation prolonged especially the diastolic phase of the ventricular contraction, reduced the fHmax and increased the cardiac arrhythmia temperature (TARR), hypoxic acclimation was without effect on these functional indices. We measured the level of two key proteins involved with cellular relaxation of cardiomyocytes, i.e. sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Warm acclimation reduced protein level of both NCX and SERCA and hypoxic acclimation reduced SERCA protein levels without affecting NCX. The changes in ventricular NCX level correlated with the observed changes in diastole duration and fHmax as well as TARR. Our results shed new light on mechanisms of cardiac plasticity to environmental stressors and suggest that NCX might be involved with the observed functional changes, yet future studies should also measure its electrophysiological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pettinau
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Frédéric Lancien
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. https://twitter.com/theYangfanZHANG
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. https://twitter.com/anttilaLab
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Howald S, Moyano M, Crespel A, Kuchenmüller LL, Cominassi L, Claireaux G, Peck MA, Mark FC. Effects of Ocean Acidification over successive generations decrease larval resilience to Ocean Acidification & Warming but juvenile European sea bass could benefit from higher temperatures in the NE Atlantic. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275035. [PMID: 35417012 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a large, economically important fish species with a long generation time whose long-term resilience to ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) is not clear. We incubated sea bass from Brittany (France) for two generations (>5 years in total) under ambient and predicted OA conditions (PCO2: 650 and 1700 µatm) crossed with ambient and predicted ocean OW conditions in F1 (temperature: 15-18°C and 20-23°C) to investigate the effects of climate change on larval and juvenile growth and metabolic rate. We found that in F1, OA as single stressor at ambient temperature did not affect larval or juvenile growth and OW increased developmental time and growth rates, but OAW decreased larval size at metamorphosis. Larval routine and juvenile standard metabolic rates were significantly lower in cold compared to warm conditioned fish and also lower in F0 compared to F1 fish. We did not find any effect of OA as a single stressor on metabolic rates. Juvenile PO2crit was not affected by OA or OAW in both generations. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms resulting in the resilience of F0 and F1 larvae and juveniles to OA and in the beneficial effects of OW on F1 larval growth and metabolic rate, but on the other hand in the vulnerability of F1, but not F0 larvae to OAW. With regard to the ecological perspective, we conclude that recruitment of larvae and early juveniles to nursery areas might decrease under OAW conditions but individuals reaching juvenile phase might benefit from increased performance at higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Howald
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Moyano
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Postbox 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Luis L Kuchenmüller
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Brest, France.,Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany.,Coastal Systems (COS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Netherlands
| | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McKenzie DJ, Zhang Y, Eliason EJ, Schulte PM, Claireaux G, Blasco FR, Nati JJH, Farrell AP. Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes. J Fish Biol 2021; 98:1536-1555. [PMID: 33216368 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates strongly that this is the case, possibly because of universal physiological principles. The second is intraspecific variation that is because of phenotypic plasticity, also a mechanistic phenomenon that buffers individuals' sensitivity to negative impacts of global warming in their lifetime, or to some extent through epigenetic effects over successive generations. Although the evidence for plasticity in tolerance to warming is extensive, more work is required to understand underlying mechanisms and to reveal whether there are general patterns. The third element is intraspecific variation based on heritable genetic differences in tolerance, which underlies local adaptation and may define long-term adaptability of a species in the face of ongoing global change. There is clear evidence of local adaptation and some evidence of heritability of tolerance to warming, but the knowledge base is limited with detailed information for only a few model or emblematic species. There is also strong evidence of structured variation in tolerance of warming within species, which may have ecological and evolutionary significance irrespective of whether it reflects plasticity or adaptation. Although the overwhelming consensus is that having broader intraspecific variation in tolerance should reduce species vulnerability to impacts of global warming, there are no sufficient data on fishes to provide insights into particular mechanisms by which this may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julie J H Nati
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aimon C, Lebigre C, Le Bayon N, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Effects of dispersant treated oil upon exploratory behaviour in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111592. [PMID: 33396115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accidental spills are pervasive pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Resorting to chemical dispersant is one of the most implemented strategies in response to oil spills, but it results in an increase in the bio-availability of oil compounds known to disturb fish neurosensory capacities and hence fish habitat use. While it has become well established that acute oil exposure can cause a range of physiological defects, sub-lethal consequences on animal behaviour have only received recent attention. Here we investigated the effect of an exposure to a 62 h- dispersant treated oil on the exploration tendency (exploratory activity, and avoidance of unfamiliar open areas) of juvenile European sea bass. Three different concentrations of chemically dispersed oil were tested, low and medium conditions bracketing the range of likely situations that fish encounter following an oil spill, the high dose representing a more severe condition. Fish recovery capacities were also evaluated during 2 weeks post-exposure. Our results suggest a dose-response relationship; the low dose (0.048 ± 0.007 g L-1 of total petroleum hydrocarbons ([TPH])) had no effect on sea bass behavioural response to a novel environment while medium (0.243 ± 0.012 g L-1 [TPH]) and high (0.902 ± 0.031 g L-1 [TPH]) doses altered fish exploratory activity and their typical avoidance of unfamiliar open areas. Our experiment also suggest signs of recovery capacities in the first 10 days following oil exposure even if fish might need more time to fully recover from observed alterations. We discuss the possibility that observed alterations may result from a neurosensory or physiological known defects of oil exposure, causing anaesthetic-like sedative behaviours. Altogether, this study shows that juvenile sea bass exposed to oil spill exhibit transient behavioural impairments that may have major population-level consequences given the high mortality experienced by juveniles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France.
| | - Christophe Lebigre
- Ifremer, Fisheries Science and Technology Unit (STH/LBH), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Cezon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predntre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cominassi L, Moyano M, Claireaux G, Howald S, Mark FC, Zambonino-Infante JL, Peck MA. Food availability modulates the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on fish growth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2338. [PMID: 32047178 PMCID: PMC7012865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When organisms are unable to feed ad libitum they may be more susceptible to negative effects of environmental stressors such as ocean acidification and warming (OAW). We reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at 15 or 20 °C and at ambient or high PCO2 (650 versus 1750 µatm PCO2; pH = 8.1 or 7.6) at ad libitum feeding and observed no discernible effect of PCO2 on the size-at-age of juveniles after 277 (20 °C) and 367 (15 °C) days. Feeding trials were then conducted including a restricted ration (25% ad libitum). At 15 °C, growth rate increased with ration but was unaffected by PCO2. At 20 °C, acidification and warming acted antagonistically and low feeding level enhanced PCO2 effects. Differences in growth were not merely a consequence of lower food intake but also linked to changes in digestive efficiency. The specific activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, trypsin, phosphatase alkaline and aminopeptidase N) at 20 °C was lower at the higher PCO2 level. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating restricted feeding into experimental designs examining OAW and suggests that ad libitum feeding used in the majority of the studies to date may not have been suitable to detect impacts of ecological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marta Moyano
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Sarah Howald
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Howald S, Cominassi L, LeBayon N, Claireaux G, Mark FC. Future ocean warming may prove beneficial for the northern population of European seabass, but ocean acidification will not. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.213017. [PMID: 31624098 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.213017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The world's oceans are acidifying and warming as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The thermal tolerance of fish greatly depends on the cardiovascular ability to supply the tissues with oxygen. The highly oxygen-dependent heart mitochondria thus might play a key role in shaping an organism's tolerance to temperature. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic warming on the respiratory capacity of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) heart mitochondria. We hypothesized that acute warming would impair mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but be compensated for by life-time conditioning. Increasing P CO2 may additionally cause shifts in metabolic pathways by inhibiting several enzymes of the cellular energy metabolism. Among other shifts in metabolic pathways, acute warming of heart mitochondria of cold life-conditioned fish increased leak respiration rate, suggesting a lower aerobic capacity to synthesize ATP with acute warming. However, thermal conditioning increased mitochondrial functionality, e.g. higher respiratory control ratios in heart mitochondria of warm life-conditioned compared with cold life-conditioned fish. Exposure to high P CO2 synergistically amplified the effects of acute and long-term warming, but did not result in changes by itself. This high ability to maintain mitochondrial function under ocean acidification can be explained by the fact that seabass are generally able to acclimate to a variety of environmental conditions. Improved mitochondrial energy metabolism after warm conditioning could be due to the origin of this species in the warm waters of the Mediterranean. Our results also indicate that seabass are not yet fully adapted to the colder temperatures in their northern distribution range and might benefit from warmer temperatures in these latitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Howald
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany .,Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas LeBayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France.,Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cominassi L, Moyano M, Claireaux G, Howald S, Mark FC, Zambonino-Infante JL, Le Bayon N, Peck MA. Combined effects of ocean acidification and temperature on larval and juvenile growth, development and swimming performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221283. [PMID: 31490944 PMCID: PMC6731055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and ocean warming (OAW) are simultaneously occurring and could pose ecological challenges to marine life, particularly early life stages of fish that, although they are internal calcifiers, may have poorly developed acid-base regulation. This study assessed the effect of projected OAW on key fitness traits (growth, development and swimming ability) in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae and juveniles. Starting at 2 days post-hatch (dph), larvae were exposed to one of three levels of PCO2 (650, 1150, 1700 μatm; pH 8.0, 7.8, 7.6) at either a cold (15°C) or warm (20°C) temperature. Growth rate, development stage and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) were repeatedly measured as sea bass grew from 0.6 to ~10.0 (cold) or ~14.0 (warm) cm body length. Exposure to different levels of PCO2 had no significant effect on growth, development or Ucrit of larvae and juveniles. At the warmer temperature, larvae displayed faster growth and deeper bodies. Notochord flexion occurred at 0.8 and 1.2 cm and metamorphosis was completed at an age of ~45 and ~60 days post-hatch for sea bass in the warm and cold treatments, respectively. Swimming performance increased rapidly with larval development but better swimmers were observed in the cold treatment, reflecting a potential trade-off between fast grow and swimming ability. A comparison of the results of this and other studies on marine fish indicates that the effects of OAW on the growth, development and swimming ability of early life stages are species-specific and that generalizing the impacts of climate-driven warming or ocean acidification is not warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cominassi
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Moyano
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Sarah Howald
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix C. Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Laboratory of Adaptation, Reproduction and Nutrition of Fish, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mauduit F, Farrell AP, Domenici P, Lacroix C, Le Floch S, Lemaire P, Nicolas-Kopec A, Whittington M, Le Bayon N, Zambonino-Infante JL, Claireaux G. Assessing the long-term effect of exposure to dispersant-treated oil on fish health using hypoxia tolerance and temperature susceptibility as ecologically relevant biomarkers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:210-221. [PMID: 30206986 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ecological and economic importance of fish act as a brake on the development of chemical dispersants as operational instruments following oil spills. Although a valuable and consistent body of knowledge exists, its use in spill response is limited. The objective of the present study was to increase current knowledge base to facilitate the translation of published data into information of operational value. Thus we investigated the dose-response relationship between dispersant-treated oil exposure and ecologically relevant consequences by combining laboratory and field experiments. Effects were examined over almost a year using juveniles of the slowly growing, commercially important European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A reliable interpretation of biomarker responses requires a complete knowledge of the factors likely to affect them. Interpopulational variability is of particular importance in environmental impact assessment because biomarker responses from a population collected in an impacted area are classically compared with those collected in a clean site. Our study revealed no effect of the exposure to dispersant-treated oil on fish hypoxia tolerance and temperature susceptibility at 1 and 11 mo post exposure. Similarly, no effect of the exposure was observed on the ability of the fish to cope with environmental contingencies in the field, regardless of the dose tested. Thus we feel confident to suggest that a 48-h exposure to chemically treated oil does not affect the ability of sea bass to cope with mild environmental contingencies. Finally, investigation of interpopulation variability revealed large differences in both hypoxia tolerance and temperature susceptibility among the 2 populations tested, suggesting that this variability may blur the interpretation of population comparisons as classically practiced in impact assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:210-221. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paolo Domenici
- Istituto per lo studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Località Sa Mardini, Oristano, Italy
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Departement de Recherche, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche, et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, Brest, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Departement de Recherche, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche, et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aimon C, Le Bayon N, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Food deprivation reduces social interest in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.190553. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.190553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Periods of food deprivation up to several months are common features for fishes and in such conditions, fitness will be determined by their capacity to maximize food encounter while minimizing predation risk. In this context, the propensity to take risk and the willingness to associate with conspecifics are particularly important as they contribute to alleviating the trade-off between predation avoidance and foraging efficiency. This study examined to what extent food deprivation modulates fish risk-taking and social behaviours, as well as the relationship between them. To address these issues juvenile European sea bass were either fed daily with a maintenance ration or food-deprived during 3 weeks. Risk-taking and sociability were assessed through measurements of fish willingness to explore a novel environment, to interact with a novel object or a conspecific. Multivariate analysis allowed the identification of three behaviours, risk-taking, exploratory activity and solitariness. Food-deprived fish interacted less with conspecifics than control fish. After food-deprivation, no difference in terms of risk-taking and exploratory patterns was observed. Finally, the relationship between risky-taking and solitariness was influenced by the feeding status. When food-deprived fish with higher propensity to take risk displayed increased solitariness while, when fed normally they interacted more with conspecifics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kunz KL, Claireaux G, Pörtner HO, Knust R, Mark FC. Aerobic capacities and swimming performance of polar cod ( Boreogadus saida) under ocean acidification and warming conditions. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb184473. [PMID: 30190318 PMCID: PMC6240293 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an important prey species in the Arctic ecosystem, yet its habitat is changing rapidly: climate change, through rising seawater temperatures and CO2 concentrations, is projected to be most pronounced in Arctic waters. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ocean acidification and warming on maximum performance parameters of B. saida as indicators for the species' acclimation capacities under environmental conditions projected for the end of this century. After 4 months at four acclimation temperatures (0, 3, 6, 8°C) each combined with two PCO2 levels (390 and 1170 µatm), aerobic capacities and swimming performance of B. saida were recorded following a Ucrit protocol. At both CO2 levels, standard metabolic rate (SMR) was elevated at the highest acclimation temperature indicating thermal limitations. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) increased continuously with temperature, suggesting an optimum temperature for aerobic scope for exercise (ASex) at 6°C. Aerobic swimming performance (Ugait) increased with acclimation temperature irrespective of CO2 levels, while critical swimming speed (Ucrit) did not reveal any clear trend with temperature. Hypercapnia evoked an increase in MMR (and thereby ASex). However, swimming performance (both Ugait and Ucrit) was impaired under elevated near-future PCO2 conditions, indicating reduced efficiencies of oxygen turnover. The contribution of anaerobic metabolism to swimming performance was very low overall, and further reduced under hypercapnia. Our results revealed high sensitivities of maximum performance parameters (MMR, Ugait, Ucrit) of B. saida to ocean acidification. Impaired swimming capacity under ocean acidification may reflect reduced future competitive strength of B. saida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lore Kunz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Fachbereich 2, NW 2/Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM, Laboratoire ARN, Centre Ifremer de Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Fachbereich 2, NW 2/Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Knust
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix Christopher Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Claireaux G, Quéau P, Marras S, Le Floch S, Farrell AP, Nicolas-Kopec A, Lemaire P, Domenici P. Avoidance threshold to oil water-soluble fraction by a juvenile marine teleost fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:854-859. [PMID: 29077219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When oil spills occur, behavior is the first line of defense for a fish to avoid being contaminated. We determined the avoidance threshold of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of oil using a dual-flow choice box. The results showed that a plume of 20%-diluted WSF (total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] concentration: 8.54 μg L-1 ) triggered a significant avoidance response that was detected within 7.5 min of introducing WSF-contaminated water into the experimental setup. However, the ecological relevance of seabass capacity to detect and avoid WSF remains to be established. In the short term, such a response is indeed liable to reduce seabass contact time with oil-contaminated water and thus preserve their functional integrity. In the long term, however, avoidance may contribute to the displacement of a population into a possibly less auspicious environment, with consequences very similar to those of contaminant exposure, that is, disturbed population dynamics and demography. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:854-859. © 2017 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539), PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Pierre Quéau
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539), PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Stefano Marras
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux, Brest, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Paolo Domenici
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Mauduit F, Farrell AP, Chabot D, Ollivier H, Rio-Cabello A, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Exposure of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to chemically dispersed oil has a chronic residual effect on hypoxia tolerance but not aerobic scope. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 191:95-104. [PMID: 28806602 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the chronic residual effects of an acute exposure of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to chemically dispersed crude oil is manifest in indices of hypoxic performance rather than aerobic performance. Sea bass were pre-screened with a hypoxia challenge test to establish their incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS), but on discovering a wide breadth for individual ILOS values (2.6-11.0% O2 saturation), fish were subsequently subdivided into either hypoxia sensitive (HS) or hypoxia tolerant (HT) phenotypes, traits that were shown to be experimentally repeatable. The HT phenotype had a lower ILOS and critical oxygen saturation (O2crit) compared with the HS phenotype and switched to glycolytic metabolism at a lower dissolved oxygen, even though both phenotypes accumulated lactate and glucose to the same plasma concentrations at ILOS. As initially hypothesized, and regardless of the phenotype considered, we found no residual effect of oil on any of the indices of aerobic performance. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, oil exposure had no residual effect on any of the indices of hypoxic performance in the HS phenotype. In the HT phenotype, on the other hand, oil exposure had residual effects as illustrated by the impaired repeatability of hypoxia tolerance and also by the 24% increase in O2crit, the 40% increase in scope for oxygen deficit, the 17% increase in factorial scope for oxygen deficit and the 57% increase in accumulated oxygen deficit. Thus, sea bass with a HT phenotype remained chronically impaired for a minimum of 167days following an acute 24-h oil exposure while the HS phenotypes did not. We reasoned that impaired oxygen extraction at gill due to oil exposure activates glycolytic metabolism at a higher dissolved oxygen, conferring on the HT phenotype an inferior hypoxia resistance that might eventually compromise their ability to survive hypoxic episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denis Chabot
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Adrien Rio-Cabello
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de documentation, de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux, Brest, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gilliers C, Claireaux G, Galois R, Loizeau V, Pape OL. Influence of Hydrocarbons Exposure on Survival, Growth and Condition of Juvenile Flatfish: A Mesocosm Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09751270.2012.11885203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Gilliers
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety) 254 avenue du Général Leclerc 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Campus de Brest, Laboratoire ORPHY, 6, Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Robert Galois
- LIENSS, UMR 6250, Université de La Rochelle, Bâtiment Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Laboratoire Biogeochimie des Contaminants Organiques (LBCO), Département Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Ifremer, BP70 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Olivier Le Pape
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR 985 Agrocampus Ouest, Inra « Ecologie & Santé des Ecosystèmes »
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anttila K, Mauduit F, Le Floch S, Claireaux G, Nikinmaa M. Influence of crude oil exposure on cardiac function and thermal tolerance of juvenile rainbow trout and European sea bass. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:19624-19634. [PMID: 28681300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills pose a threat to aquatic organisms. However, the physiological effects of crude oil on cardiac function and on thermal tolerance of juvenile fish are still poorly understood. Consequently, in this paper, we will present results of two separate experiments where we exposed juvenile rainbow trout and European sea bass to crude oil and made cardiac thermal tolerances and maximum heart rate (f Hmax) measurements after 1 week (rainbow trout) and 6-month recovery (sea bass). In both species, the f Hmax was lower in crude oil-exposed fish than in the control ones at temperatures below the optimum but this difference disappeared at higher temperatures. More importantly, the oil-exposed fish had significantly higher Arrhenius break point temperature for f Hmax, which gave an estimate for optimum temperature, than the control fish in both species even though the exposure conditions and recovery times differed between species. The results indicated that exposure of juvenile fish to crude oil did not have a significant negative impact upon their cardiac performance in high temperatures and upper thermal tolerance increased when the fish were tested 1 week or 6 months after the exposure. Our findings suggest that the cardiac function and thermal tolerance of juvenile fish are relatively resistant to a crude oil exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas CS 41836, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moyano M, Candebat C, Ruhbaum Y, Álvarez-Fernández S, Claireaux G, Zambonino-Infante JL, Peck MA. Effects of warming rate, acclimation temperature and ontogeny on the critical thermal maximum of temperate marine fish larvae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179928. [PMID: 28749960 PMCID: PMC5531428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the thermal tolerance studies on fish have been performed on juveniles and adults, whereas limited information is available for larvae, a stage which may have a particularly narrow range in tolerable temperatures. Moreover, previous studies on thermal limits for marine and freshwater fish larvae (53 studies reviewed here) applied a wide range of methodologies (e.g. the static or dynamic method, different exposure times), making it challenging to compare across taxa. We measured the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae using the dynamic method (ramping assay) and assessed the effect of warming rate (0.5 to 9°C h-1) and acclimation temperature. The larvae of herring had a lower CTmax (lowest and highest values among 222 individual larvae, 13.1–27.0°C) than seabass (lowest and highest values among 90 individual larvae, 24.2–34.3°C). At faster rates of warming, larval CTmax significantly increased in herring, whereas no effect was observed in seabass. Higher acclimation temperatures led to higher CTmax in herring larvae (2.7 ± 0.9°C increase) with increases more pronounced at lower warming rates. Pre-trials testing the effects of warming rate are recommended. Our results for these two temperate marine fishes suggest using a warming rate of 3–6°C h-1: CTmax is highest in trials of relatively short duration, as has been suggested for larger fish. Additionally, time-dependent thermal tolerance was observed in herring larvae, where a difference of up to 8°C was observed in the upper thermal limit between a 0.5- or 24-h exposure to temperatures >18°C. The present study constitutes a first step towards a standard protocol for measuring thermal tolerance in larval fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moyano
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Caroline Candebat
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Ruhbaum
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Santiago Álvarez-Fernández
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crespel A, Dupont-Prinet A, Bernatchez L, Claireaux G, Tremblay R, Audet C. Divergence in physiological factors affecting swimming performance between anadromous and resident populations of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:2170-2193. [PMID: 28317121 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anadromous strain (L) and a freshwater-resident (R) strain of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis as well as their reciprocal hybrids, were reared in a common environment and submitted to swimming tests combined with salinity challenges. The critical swimming speeds (Ucrit ) of the different crosses were measured in both fresh (FW) and salt water (SW) and the variations in several physiological traits (osmotic, energetic and metabolic capacities) that are predicted to influence swimming performance were documented. Anadromous and resident fish reached the same Ucrit in both FW and SW, with Ucrit being 14% lower in SW compared with FW. The strains, however, seemed to use different underlying strategies: the anadromous strain relied on its streamlined body shape and higher osmoregulatory capacity, while the resident strain had greater citrate synthase (FW) and lactate dehydrogenase (FW, SW) capacity and either greater initial stores or more efficient use of liver (FW, SW) and muscle (FW) glycogen during exercise. Compared with R♀ L♂ hybrids, L♀ R♂ hybrids had a 20% lower swimming speed, which was associated with a 24% smaller cardio-somatic index and higher physiological costs. Thus swimming performance depends on cross direction (i.e. which parental line was used as dam or sire). The study thus suggests that divergent physiological factors between anadromous and resident S. fontinalis may result in similar swimming capacities that are adapted to their respective lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Crespel
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - A Dupont-Prinet
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030, Avenue de la Médecine, Local 1145, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - G Claireaux
- LEMAR UMR 6539 (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Unité PFOM-ARN - Centre de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - R Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - C Audet
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D, Dubuc A, Quéau P, Vanderplancke G, Servili A, Cahu C, Le Bayon N, Huelvan C, Claireaux G. An early life hypoxia event has a long-term impact on protein digestion and growth in juvenile European sea bass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1846-1851. [PMID: 28302867 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming, eutrophication and the consequent decrease in oxygen lead to smaller average fish size. Although such responses are well known in an evolutionary context, involving multiple generations, this appears to be incompatible with current rapid environmental change. Instead, phenotypic plasticity could provide a means for marine fish to cope with rapid environmental changes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying plastic responses to environmental conditions that favour small phenotypes. Our aim was to investigate how and why European sea bass that had experienced a short episode of moderate hypoxia during their larval stage subsequently exhibited a growth depression at the juvenile stage compared with the control group. We examined whether energy was used to cover higher costs for maintenance, digestion or activity metabolisms, as a result of differing metabolic rate. The lower growth was not a consequence of lower food intake. We measured several respirometry parameters and we only found a higher specific dynamic action (SDA) duration and lower SDA amplitude in a fish phenotype with lower growth; this phenotype was also associated with a lower protein digestive capacity in the intestine. Our results contribute to the understanding of the observed decrease in growth in response to climate change. They demonstrate that the reduced growth of juvenile fishes as a consequence of an early life hypoxia event was not due to a change of fish aerobic scope but to a specific change in the efficiency of protein digestive functions. The question remains of whether this effect is epigenetic and could be reversible in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Alexia Dubuc
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Pierre Quéau
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Vanderplancke
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Chantal Cahu
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Christine Huelvan
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LEMAR UMR 6539, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané 29280, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Joyce W, Ozolina K, Mauduit F, Ollivier H, Claireaux G, Shiels HA. Individual variation in whole-animal hypoxia tolerance is associated with cardiac hypoxia tolerance in a marine teleost. Biol Lett 2017; 12:20150708. [PMID: 26740561 PMCID: PMC4785915 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a pervasive problem in coastal environments and is predicted to have enduring impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Intraspecific variation in hypoxia tolerance is well documented in fish; however, the factors underlying this variation remain unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the heart in individual hypoxia tolerance of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We found individual whole-animal hypoxia tolerance is a stable trait in sea bass for more than 18 months (duration of study). We next examined in vitro cardiac performance and found myocardial muscle from hypoxia-tolerant individuals generated greater force, with higher rates of contraction and relaxation, than hypoxic-sensitive individuals during hypoxic exposure. Thus, whole-animal hypoxia tolerance is associated with cardiac hypoxia tolerance. As the occurrence of aquatic hypoxia is expected to increase in marine ecosystems, our experimental data suggest that cardiac performance may influence fish survival and distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Joyce
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karlina Ozolina
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Centre Ifremer de Brest, Université de Brest, LEMAR (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Plouzané, France
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- Centre Ifremer de Brest, Université de Brest, LEMAR (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Centre Ifremer de Brest, Université de Brest, LEMAR (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Plouzané, France
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crespel A, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D, Koumoundouros G, Fragkoulis S, Quazuguel P, Huelvan C, Madec L, Servili A, Claireaux G. The development of contemporary European sea bass larvae ( Dicentrarchus labrax) is not affected by projected ocean acidification scenarios. Mar Biol 2017; 164:155. [PMID: 28751791 PMCID: PMC5491573 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-017-3178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is a recognized consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the atmosphere. Despite its threat to marine ecosystems, little is presently known about the capacity for fish to respond efficiently to this acidification. In adult fish, acid-base regulatory capacities are believed to be relatively competent to respond to hypercapnic conditions. However, fish in early life stage could be particularly sensitive to environmental factors as organs and important physiological functions become progressively operational during this period. In this study, the response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae reared under three ocean acidification scenarios, i.e., control (present condition, [Formula: see text] = 590 µatm, pH total = 7.9), low acidification (intermediate IPCC scenario, [Formula: see text] = 980 µatm, pH total = 7.7), and high acidification (most severe IPCC scenario, [Formula: see text] = 1520 µatm, pH total = 7.5) were compared across multiple levels of biological organizations. From 2 to 45 days-post-hatching, the chronic exposure to the different scenarios had limited influence on the survival and growth of the larvae (in the low acidification condition only) and had no apparent effect on the digestive developmental processes. The high acidification condition induced both faster mineralization and reduction in skeletal deformities. Global (microarray) and targeted (qPCR) analysis of transcript levels in whole larvae did not reveal any significant changes in gene expression across tested acidification conditions. Overall, this study suggests that contemporary sea bass larvae are already capable of coping with projected acidification conditions without having to mobilize specific defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Crespel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - José-Luis Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - George Koumoundouros
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklio, Crete Greece
| | - Stefanos Fragkoulis
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklio, Crete Greece
| | - Patrick Quazuguel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Huelvan
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Laurianne Madec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, LEMAR (UMR 6539), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR, (UMR 6539), Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McKenzie DJ, Axelsson M, Chabot D, Claireaux G, Cooke SJ, Corner RA, De Boeck G, Domenici P, Guerreiro PM, Hamer B, Jørgensen C, Killen SS, Lefevre S, Marras S, Michaelidis B, Nilsson GE, Peck MA, Perez-Ruzafa A, Rijnsdorp AD, Shiels HA, Steffensen JF, Svendsen JC, Svendsen MBS, Teal LR, van der Meer J, Wang T, Wilson JM, Wilson RW, Metcalfe JD. Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy. Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cow046. [PMID: 27766156 PMCID: PMC5070530 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The state of the art of research on the environmental physiology of marine fishes is reviewed from the perspective of how it can contribute to conservation of biodiversity and fishery resources. A major constraint to application of physiological knowledge for conservation of marine fishes is the limited knowledge base; international collaboration is needed to study the environmental physiology of a wider range of species. Multifactorial field and laboratory studies on biomarkers hold promise to relate ecophysiology directly to habitat quality and population status. The 'Fry paradigm' could have broad applications for conservation physiology research if it provides a universal mechanism to link physiological function with ecological performance and population dynamics of fishes, through effects of abiotic conditions on aerobic metabolic scope. The available data indicate, however, that the paradigm is not universal, so further research is required on a wide diversity of species. Fish physiologists should interact closely with researchers developing ecological models, in order to investigate how integrating physiological information improves confidence in projecting effects of global change; for example, with mechanistic models that define habitat suitability based upon potential for aerobic scope or outputs of a dynamic energy budget. One major challenge to upscaling from physiology of individuals to the level of species and communities is incorporating intraspecific variation, which could be a crucial component of species' resilience to global change. Understanding what fishes do in the wild is also a challenge, but techniques of biotelemetry and biologging are providing novel information towards effective conservation. Overall, fish physiologists must strive to render research outputs more applicable to management and decision-making. There are various potential avenues for information flow, in the shorter term directly through biomarker studies and in the longer term by collaborating with modellers and fishery biologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. McKenzie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Place E. Bataillon cc 093, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis Chabot
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, CanadaG5H 3Z4
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable. CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | | | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Pedro M. Guerreiro
- CCMAR – Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Christian Jørgensen
- Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity,Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical,Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sjannie Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Göran E. Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg 22767, Germany
| | - Angel Perez-Ruzafa
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jon C. Svendsen
- Section for Ecosystem-based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Jægersborg Allé 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Morten B. S. Svendsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Lorna R. Teal
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van der Meer
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QD, UK
| | - Julian D. Metcalfe
- Centre for Environment,Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mauduit F, Domenici P, Farrell AP, Lacroix C, Le Floch S, Lemaire P, Nicolas-Kopec A, Whittington M, Zambonino-Infante JL, Claireaux G. Assessing chronic fish health: An application to a case of an acute exposure to chemically treated crude oil. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 178:197-208. [PMID: 27522032 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human alteration of marine ecosystems is substantial and growing. Yet, no adequate methodology exists that provides reliable predictions of how environmental degradation will affect these ecosystems at a relevant level of biological organization. The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate a fish's capacity to face a well-established environmental challenge, an exposure to chemically dispersed oil, and characterize the long-term consequences. Therefore, we applied high-throughput, non-lethal challenge tests to assess hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and maximal swimming speed as proxies for a fish's functional integrity. These whole animal challenge tests were implemented before (1 month) and after (1 month) juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) had been acutely exposed (48h) to a mixture containing 0.08gL(-1) of weathered Arabian light crude oil plus 4% dispersant (Corexit© EC9500A), a realistic exposure concentration during an oil spill. In addition, experimental populations were then transferred into semi-natural tidal mesocosm ponds and correlates of Darwinian fitness (growth and survival) were monitored over a period of 4 months. Our results revealed that fish acutely exposed to chemically dispersed oil remained impaired in terms of their hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance, but not in temperature susceptibility for 1 month post-exposure. Nevertheless, these functional impairments had no subsequent ecological consequences under mildly selective environmental conditions since growth and survival were not impacted during the mesocosm pond study. Furthermore, the earlier effects on fish performance were presumably temporary because re-testing the fish 10 months post-exposure revealed no significant residual effects on hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and maximal swimming speed. We propose that the functional proxies and correlates of Darwinian fitness used here provide a useful assessment tool for fish health in the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - P Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Località Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - A P Farrell
- University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, 2357 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - C Lacroix
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - S Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - P Lemaire
- Total Fluides, 24 Cours Michelet, La Défense 10, 92069 Paris La Défense-Cedex, France
| | - A Nicolas-Kopec
- The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Whittington
- The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ozolina K, Shiels HA, Ollivier H, Claireaux G. Intraspecific individual variation of temperature tolerance associated with oxygen demand in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cov060. [PMID: 27382468 PMCID: PMC4922261 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is an economically important fish native to the Mediterranean and Northern Atlantic. Its complex life cycle involves many migrations through temperature gradients that affect the energetic demands of swimming. Previous studies have shown large intraspecific variation in swimming performance and temperature tolerance, which could include deleterious and advantageous traits under the evolutionary pressure of climate change. However, little is known of the underlying determinants of this individual variation. We investigated individual variation in temperature tolerance in 30 sea bass by exposing them to a warm temperature challenge test. The eight most temperature-tolerant and eight most temperature-sensitive fish were then studied further to determine maximal swimming speed (U CAT), aerobic scope and post-exercise oxygen consumption. Finally, ventricular contractility in each group was determined using isometric muscle preparations. The temperature-tolerant fish showed lower resting oxygen consumption rates, possessed larger hearts and initially recovered from exhaustive exercise faster than the temperature-sensitive fish. Thus, whole-animal temperature tolerance was associated with important performance traits. However, the temperature-tolerant fish also demonstrated poorer maximal swimming capacity (i.e. lower U CAT) than their temperature-sensitive counterparts, which may indicate a trade-off between temperature tolerance and swimming performance. Interestingly, the larger relative ventricular mass of the temperature-tolerant fish did not equate to greater ventricular contractility, suggesting that larger stroke volumes, rather than greater contractile strength, may be associated with thermal tolerance in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlina Ozolina
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané 29280, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Killen SS, Adriaenssens B, Marras S, Claireaux G, Cooke SJ. Context dependency of trait repeatability and its relevance for management and conservation of fish populations. Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cow007. [PMID: 27382470 PMCID: PMC4922260 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Repeatability of behavioural and physiological traits is increasingly a focus for animal researchers, for which fish have become important models. Almost all of this work has been done in the context of evolutionary ecology, with few explicit attempts to apply repeatability and context dependency of trait variation toward understanding conservation-related issues. Here, we review work examining the degree to which repeatability of traits (such as boldness, swimming performance, metabolic rate and stress responsiveness) is context dependent. We review methods for quantifying repeatability (distinguishing between within-context and across-context repeatability) and confounding factors that may be especially problematic when attempting to measure repeatability in wild fish. Environmental factors such temperature, food availability, oxygen availability, hypercapnia, flow regime and pollutants all appear to alter trait repeatability in fishes. This suggests that anthropogenic environmental change could alter evolutionary trajectories by changing which individuals achieve the greatest fitness in a given set of conditions. Gaining a greater understanding of these effects will be crucial for our ability to forecast the effects of gradual environmental change, such as climate change and ocean acidification, the study of which is currently limited by our ability to examine trait changes over relatively short time scales. Also discussed are situations in which recent advances in technologies associated with electronic tags (biotelemetry and biologging) and respirometry will help to facilitate increased quantification of repeatability for physiological and integrative traits, which so far lag behind measures of repeatability of behavioural traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Corresponding author: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)141 330 2898.
| | - B Adriaenssens
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - S Marras
- IAMC-CNR, Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Claireaux G, Chabot D. Responses by fishes to environmental hypoxia: integration through Fry's concept of aerobic metabolic scope. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:232-51. [PMID: 26768976 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The problem of understanding the effect of the environment on fish activities and performance, in any generalized way, remains intractable. Solving this issue is, however, a key to addressing contemporary environmental concerns. As suggested 20 years ago by W. H. Neill, the authors returned to the drawing board, using as a background the conceptual scheme initially proposed by F. E. J. Fry. They revisited the effect of ambient oxygen availability upon fish metabolism and clarified the definitions of limiting, critical and incipient lethal oxygen (ILO) levels. The concepts of oxy-conformer and oxy-regulator are revisited, and P. W. Hochachka's idea of scope for survival is explored. Finally, how the cardiovascular system contributes to the capacity of fishes to respond to the reduced oxygen availability is considered. Various hands-on recommendations and software (R scripts) are provided for researchers interested in investigating these concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - D Chabot
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ollivier H, Marchant J, Le Bayon N, Servili A, Claireaux G. Calcium response of KCl-excited populations of ventricular myocytes from the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a promising approach to integrate cell-to-cell heterogeneity in studying the cellular basis of fish cardiac performance. J Comp Physiol B 2015. [PMID: 26205950 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change challenges the capacity of fishes to thrive in their habitat. However, through phenotypic diversity, they demonstrate remarkable resilience to deteriorating conditions. In fish populations, inter-individual variation in a number of fitness-determining physiological traits, including cardiac performance, is classically observed. Information about the cellular bases of inter-individual variability in cardiac performance is scarce including the possible contribution of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. This study aimed at providing insight into EC coupling-related Ca(2+) response and thermal plasticity in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A cell population approach was used to lay the methodological basis for identifying the cellular determinants of cardiac performance. Fish were acclimated at 12 and 22 °C and changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) following KCl stimulation were measured using Fura-2, at 12 or 22 °C-test. The increase in [Ca(2+)]i resulted primarily from extracellular Ca(2+) entry but sarcoplasmic reticulum stores were also shown to be involved. As previously reported in sea bass, a modest effect of adrenaline was observed. Moreover, although the response appeared relatively insensitive to an acute temperature change, a difference in Ca(2+) response was observed between 12- and 22 °C-acclimated fish. In particular, a greater increase in [Ca(2+)]i at a high level of adrenaline was observed in 22 °C-acclimated fish that may be related to an improved efficiency of adrenaline under these conditions. In conclusion, this method allows a rapid screening of cellular characteristics. It represents a promising tool to identify the cellular determinants of inter-individual variability in fishes' capacity for environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Marchant
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lavergne E, Pedron N, Calves I, Claireaux G, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante J, Le Bayon N, Cahu C, Laroche J. Does the chronic chemical contamination of a European flounder population decrease its thermal tolerance? Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 95:658-664. [PMID: 25636829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile flounders (Platichthys flesus), collected in two estuaries with similar temperature regimes (the heavily polluted Seine and the moderately contaminated Vilaine), were submitted to a common garden experiment. After an acclimation period, both populations were challenged by a thermal stress (9-24°C for 15days, then maintenance at 24°C for 19days). The condition factor of the Vilaine fish increased in both conditions, while it decreased for the heated Seine flounders after 34days. The expression of genes related to the energetic metabolism was measured in the liver. The expression levels for ATP-F0 and COII were significantly reduced for heated vs. standard fish from both estuaries, while a decrease of the 12S expression was detected only in heated vs. standard fish from the Seine estuary. Thus, it is suggested that highly contaminated fish from Seine could display a lower tolerance to thermal stress, compared to moderately contaminated fish from Vilaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lavergne
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France.
| | - Nicolas Pedron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Isabelle Calves
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - José Zambonino-Infante
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Chantal Cahu
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Laroche
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vanderplancke G, Claireaux G, Quazuguel P, Huelvan C, Corporeau C, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante JL. Exposure to chronic moderate hypoxia impacts physiological and developmental traits of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2015; 41:233-42. [PMID: 25487612 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae occurred in coastal and estuarine waters at early life stages, they are likely to be exposed to reduced dissolved oxygen waters at a sensitive developmental stage. However, the effects of hypoxia at larval stage, which depend in part on fish species, remain very poorly documented in European sea bass. In the present study, the impacts of an experimental exposure to a chronic moderate hypoxia (40 % air saturation) between 30 and 38 days post-hatching on the physiological and developmental traits of European sea bass larvae were assessed. This study was based on the investigation of survival and growth rates, parameters related to energy metabolism [Citrate Synthase (CS) and Cytochrome-c Oxidase (COX) activities], and biological indicators of the maturation of digestive function [pancreatic (trypsin, amylase) and intestinal (Alkaline Phosphatase "AP" and Aminopeptidase-N "N-LAP") enzymes activities]. While condition of hypoxia exposure did not induce any significant mortality event, lower growth rate as well as CS/COX activity ratio was observed in the Hypoxia Treatment group. In parallel, intestinal enzyme activities were also lower under hypoxia. Altogether, the present data suggest that sea bass larvae cope with moderate hypoxia by (1) reducing processes that are costly in energy and (2) regulating mitochondria functions in order to respond to energy-demand conditions. Both these effects are associated with a delay in the maturation of the digestive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Vanderplancke
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS-UBO-IRD-Ifremer, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mazurais D, Ferraresso S, Gatta PP, Desbruyères E, Severe A, Corporeau C, Claireaux G, Bargelloni L, Zambonino-Infante JL. Identification of hypoxia-regulated genes in the liver of common sole (Solea solea) fed different dietary lipid contents. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:277-288. [PMID: 24091821 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coastal systems could be affected by hypoxic events brought about by global change. These areas are essential nursery habitats for several fish species including the common sole (Solea solea L.). Tolerance of fish to hypoxia depends on species and also on their physiological condition and nutritional status. Indeed, high dietary lipid content has been recently shown to negatively impact the resistance of sole to a severe hypoxic challenge. In order to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the early response to hypoxic stress, the present work examined the hepatic transcriptome in common sole fed diets with low and high lipid content, exposed to severe hypoxia. The activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was also investigated through the quantification of threonine-172 phosphorylation in the alpha subunit. The results show that hypoxia consistently regulates several actors involved in energy metabolism pathways and particularly AMPKα, as well as some involved in cell growth and maintenance or unfolded protein response. Our findings reveal that (1) the expression of genes involved in biological processes with high energy cost or implicated in aerobic ATP synthesis was down-regulated by hypoxia, contrary to genes involved in neoglucogenesis or in angiogenesis, (2) the consumption of high lipid induced regulation of metabolic pathways going against this energy saving, and (3) this control was fine-tuned by the regulation of several transcriptomic factors. These results provide insight into the biological processes involved in the hepatic response to hypoxic stress and underline the negative impact of high lipid consumption on the tolerance of common sole to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mazurais
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Le Floch S, Dussauze M, Merlin FX, Claireaux G, Theron M, Le Maire P, Nicolas-Kopec A. DISCOBIOL: Assessment of the Impact of Dispersant Use for Oil Spill Response in Coastal or Estuarine Areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Dispersants are known to be an appropriate solution for offshore spill response when sea conditions provide enough energy to disperse and then dilute oil into surface waters. In shallow coastal areas, the use of dispersant is restricted due to the potential that the dispersed oil might come into contact with sensitive resources before dilution can take place. However, after assessing the advantages and potential risks of dispersing oil in coastal areas, it may emerge after careful consideration that and in some cases the use of dispersants could provide a net environmental benefit.
The DISCOBIOL research program aimed to provide practical recommendations on dispersant use in coastal and estuarine areas by acquiring relevant (in terms of likely dispersed oil concentrations) and robust experimental information on the impact of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on living resources. The main conclusion from these experiments was that there is no significant difference between the impacts from oil with and without dispersant use in terms of acute toxicity. However there are some observable sub-lethal effects from exposure to dispersed oil which do not persist more than a few weeks. In a natural environment, on a medium or long timescale, biota which have been exposed to oil (with and without dispersant) do exhibit some symptoms which could affect their survival rate in the field even though they do not lead to acute toxicity effects. However the DISCOBIOL project demonstrated that effects of dispersed oil were less severe than previously recorded for near shore environments.
In terms of applying these results to decision making at an oil spill, it highlights the need in coastal areas prior to the use of dispersant to complete a “Net Environmental Benefit Analysis” (NEBA) to determine whether the use of dispersant is expected to minimize the overall damage resulting from the pollution. As it is difficult to cover the number of possible spill scenarios at the contingency planning stage, instead of completing a NEBA, many countries define geographical limits where dispersion can be undertaken, based on the water depth and the distance to the shore as well as the presence of sensitive resources. The DISCOBIOL study confirmed the appropriateness of these pre-defined limits for France's coastal waters but demonstrated that they could be less restrictive since the exposure to dispersed oil could be at least five times higher than was previously considered the safe limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Le Floch
- [1] Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE), 715, rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, F-29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Mathieu Dussauze
- [1] Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE), 715, rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, F-29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - François-Xavier Merlin
- [1] Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE), 715, rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, F-29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- [2] Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Michael Theron
- [2] Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Le Maire
- [3] Total Fluides, 24 Cours Michelet, La Défense 10, 92069 Paris La Défense-Cedex, France
| | - Annabelle Nicolas-Kopec
- [4] The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marras S, Killen SS, Domenici P, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ. Relationships among traits of aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance in individual European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72815. [PMID: 24019879 PMCID: PMC3760853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes exhibit wide and temporally stable inter-individual variation in a suite of aerobic and anaerobic locomotor traits. One mechanism that could allow such variation to persist within populations is the presence of tradeoffs between aerobic and anaerobic performance, such that individuals with a high capacity for one type of performance have a reduced capacity for the other. We investigated this possibility in European seabass Dicentrarchuslabrax, each measured for a battery of indicators of maximum locomotor performance. Aerobic traits comprised active metabolic rate, aerobic scope for activity, maximum aerobic swimming speed, and stride length, using a constant acceleration test. Anaerobic traits comprised maximum speed during an escape response, maximum sprint speed, and maximum anaerobic burst speed during constant acceleration. The data provided evidence of significant variation in performance among individuals, but there was no evidence of any trade-offs among any traits of aerobic versus anaerobic swimming performance. Furthermore, the anaerobic traits were not correlated significantly among each other, despite relying on the same muscular structures. Thus, the variation observed may reflect trade-offs with other morphological, physiological or behavioural traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marras
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Paolo Domenici
- IAMC-CNR, Località Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR6539, PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzane, France
| | - David J. McKenzie
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zambonino-Infante JL, Claireaux G, Ernande B, Jolivet A, Quazuguel P, Sévère A, Huelvan C, Mazurais D. Hypoxia tolerance of common sole juveniles depends on dietary regime and temperature at the larval stage: evidence for environmental conditioning. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20123022. [PMID: 23486433 PMCID: PMC3619455 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's environmental history may have delayed effects on its physiology and life history at later stages in life because of irreversible plastic responses of early ontogenesis to environmental conditions. We chose a marine fish, the common sole, as a model species to study these effects, because it inhabits shallow marine areas highly exposed to environmental changes. We tested whether temperature and trophic conditions experienced during the larval stage had delayed effects on life-history traits and resistance to hypoxia at the juvenile stage. We thus examined the combined effect of global warming and hypoxia in coastal waters, which are potential stressors to many estuarine and coastal marine fishes. Elevated temperature and better trophic conditions had a positive effect on larval growth and developmental rates; warmer larval temperature had a delayed positive effect on body mass and resistance to hypoxia at the juvenile stage. The latter suggests a lower oxygen demand of individuals that had experienced elevated temperatures during larval stages. We hypothesize that an irreversible plastic response to temperature occurred during early ontogeny that allowed adaptive regulation of metabolic rates and/or oxygen demand with long-lasting effects. These results could deeply affect predictions about impacts of global warming and eutrophication on marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Zambonino-Infante
- Ifremer, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR 6539, BP 70, Plouzané 29280, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Claireaux G, Théron M, Prineau M, Dussauze M, Merlin FX, Le Floch S. Effects of oil exposure and dispersant use upon environmental adaptation performance and fitness in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 130-131:160-170. [PMID: 23411352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increasing recourse to chemical dispersants to deal with oil spills in marine coastal ecosystems is a controversial issue. Yet, there exists no adequate methodology that can provide reliable predictions of how oil and dispersant-treated oil can affect relevant organism or population-level performance. The primary objective of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of exposure to untreated oil (weathered Arabian light crude oil), chemically dispersed oil (Finasol, TOTAL-Fluides) or dispersant alone, upon the ability of fish for environmental adaptation. To reach that goal, we implemented high-throughput, non-lethal challenge tests to estimate individual hypoxia and heat tolerance as surrogate measures of their capacity to face natural contingencies. Experimental populations were then transferred into semi-natural tidal ponds and correlates of individuals' fitness (growth and survival) were monitored over a period of 6 months. In accordance with our stated objectives, the contamination conditions tested corresponded to those observed under an oil slick drifting in shallow waters. Our results revealed that the response of control fish to both challenges was variable among individuals and temporally stable (repeatable) over a 2-month period. Exposure to chemical dispersant did not affect the repeatability of fish performance. However, exposure to oil or to a mixture of oil plus dispersant affected the repeatability of individuals' responses to the experimental challenge tests. At population level, no difference between contamination treatments was observed in the distribution of individual responses to the hypoxia and temperature challenge tests. Moreover, no correlation between hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance was noticed. During the field experiment, hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance were found to be determinants of survivorship. Moreover, experimental groups exposed to oil or to dispersant-treated oil displayed significantly lower survival than control or dispersant-exposed groups. Finally, from the four experimental populations tested, the one exposed to chemically dispersed oil presented the lowest growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR-6539), Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Ifremer-Centre de Brest, Plouzané 29280 France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Castro V, Grisdale-Helland B, Jørgensen SM, Helgerud J, Claireaux G, Farrell AP, Krasnov A, Helland SJ, Takle H. Disease resistance is related to inherent swimming performance in Atlantic salmon. BMC Physiol 2013; 13:1. [PMID: 23336751 PMCID: PMC3552842 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Like humans, fish can be classified according to their athletic performance. Sustained exercise training of fish can improve growth and physical capacity, and recent results have documented improved disease resistance in exercised Atlantic salmon. In this study we investigated the effects of inherent swimming performance and exercise training on disease resistance in Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon were first classified as either poor or good according to their swimming performance in a screening test and then exercise trained for 10 weeks using one of two constant-velocity or two interval-velocity training regimes for comparison against control trained fish (low speed continuously). Disease resistance was assessed by a viral disease challenge test (infectious pancreatic necrosis) and gene expression analyses of the host response in selected organs. Results An inherently good swimming performance was associated with improved disease resistance, as good swimmers showed significantly better survival compared to poor swimmers in the viral challenge test. Differences in mortalities between poor and good swimmers were correlated with cardiac mRNA expression of virus responsive genes reflecting the infection status. Although not significant, fish trained at constant-velocity showed a trend towards higher survival than fish trained at either short or long intervals. Finally, only constant training at high intensity had a significant positive effect on fish growth compared to control trained fish. Conclusions This is the first evidence suggesting that inherent swimming performance is associated with disease resistance in fish.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vandamm JP, Marras S, Claireaux G, Handelsman CA, Nelson JA. Acceleration performance of individual European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax measured with a sprint performance chamber: comparison with high-speed cinematography and correlates with ecological performance. Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:704-17. [PMID: 23099467 DOI: 10.1086/666463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Locomotor performance can influence the ecological and evolutionary success of a species. For fish, favorable outcomes of predator-prey encounters are often presumably due to robust acceleration ability. Although escape-response or "fast-start" studies utilizing high-speed cinematography are prevalent, little is known about the contribution of relative acceleration performance to ecological or evolutionary success in a species. This dearth of knowledge may be due to the time-consuming nature of analyzing film, which imposes a practical limit on sample sizes. Herein, we present a high-throughput potential alternative for measuring fish acceleration performance using a sprint performance chamber (SPC). The acceleration performance of a large number of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from two populations was analyzed. Animals from both hatchery and natural ontogenies were assessed, and animals of known acceleration ability had their ecological performance measured in a mesocosm environment. Individuals from one population also had their acceleration performance assessed by both high-speed cinematography and an SPC. Acceleration performance measured in an SPC was lower than that measured by classical high-speed video techniques. However, short-term repeatability and interindividual variation of acceleration performance were similar between the two techniques, and the SPC recorded higher sprint swimming velocities. Wild fish were quicker to accelerate in an SPC and had significantly greater accelerations than all groups of hatchery-raised fish. Acceleration performance had no significant effect on ecological performance (as assessed through animal growth and survival in the mesocosms). However, it is worth noting that wild animals did survive predation in the mesocosm better than farmed ones. Moreover, the hatchery-originated fish that survived the mesocosm experiment, when no predators were present, displayed significantly increased acceleration performance during their 6 mo in the mesocosm; this performance was found to be inversely proportional to growth rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Vandamm
- Centre de Recherche sur les Écosystemes Marins et Aquacoles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Place du Séminaire, B.P. 5, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marras S, Killen SS, Claireaux G, Domenici P, McKenzie DJ. Behavioural and kinematic components of the fast-start escape response in fish: individual variation and temporal repeatability. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:3102-10. [PMID: 21865523 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.056648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Inter-individual variation in physiological performance traits, which is stable over time, can be of potential ecological and evolutionary significance. The fish escape response is interesting in this regard because it is a performance trait for which inter-individual variation may determine individual survival. The temporal stability of such variation is, however, largely unexplored. We quantified individual variation of various components of the escape response in a population of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), considering both non-locomotor (responsiveness and latency) and locomotor (speed, acceleration, turning rate, turning angle and distance travelled in a fixed time, Desc) variables. We assessed whether variation in performance was temporally stable and we searched for any trade-offs among the components of the response that might explain why the variation persisted in the population. The coefficient of variation was high for all components, from 23% for turning rate to 41% for Desc, highlighting the non-stereotypic nature of the response. Individual performance for all variables was significantly repeatable over five sequential responses at 30 min intervals, and also repeatable after a 30 day interval for most of the components. This indicates that the variation is intrinsic to the individuals, but there was no evidence for trade-offs amongst the components of the response, suggesting that, if trade-offs exist, they must be against other ecologically important behavioural or performance traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marras
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 2, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 2 Rue des Chantiers, F-34200 Sète, France
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 2, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 2 Rue des Chantiers, F-34200 Sète, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 2, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 2 Rue des Chantiers, F-34200 Sète, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne-Campus de Brest, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285-Cedex 3, Brest, France
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Località Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - David J. McKenzie
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 2, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 2 Rue des Chantiers, F-34200 Sète, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dupont-Prinet A, Chatain B, Grima L, Vandeputte M, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ. Physiological mechanisms underlying a trade-off between growth rate and tolerance of feed deprivation in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:1143-52. [PMID: 20228351 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The specific growth rate (SGR) of a cohort of 2000 tagged juvenile European sea bass was measured in a common tank, during two sequential cycles comprising three-weeks feed deprivation followed by three-weeks ad libitum re-feeding. After correction for initial size at age as fork length, there was a direct correlation between negative SGR (rate of mass loss) during feed deprivation and positive SGR (rate of compensatory growth) during re-feeding (Spearman rank correlation R=0.388, P=0.000002). Following a period of rearing under standard culture conditions, individuals representing 'high growth' phenotypes (GP) and 'high tolerance of feed deprivation' phenotypes (DP) were selected from either end of the SGR spectrum. Static and swimming respirometry could not demonstrate lower routine or standard metabolic rate in DP to account for greater tolerance of feed deprivation. Increased rates of compensatory growth in GP were not linked to greater maximum metabolic rate, aerobic metabolic scope or maximum cardiac performance than DP. When fed a standard ration, however, GP completed the specific dynamic action (SDA) response significantly faster than DP. Therefore, higher growth rate in GP was linked to greater capacity to process food. There was no difference in SDA coefficient, an indicator of energetic efficiency. The results indicate that individual variation in growth rate in sea bass reflects, in part, a trade-off against tolerance of food deprivation. The two phenotypes represented the opposing ends of a spectrum. The GP aims to exploit available resources and grow as rapidly as possible but at a cost of physiological and/or behavioural attributes, which lead to increased energy dissipation when food is not available. An opposing strategy, exemplified by DP, is less 'boom and bust', with a lower physiological capacity to exploit resources but which is less costly to sustain during periods of food deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dupont-Prinet
- Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Handelsman C, Claireaux G, Nelson J. Swimming Ability and Ecological Performance of Cultured and Wild European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Coastal Tidal Ponds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:435-45. [DOI: 10.1086/651099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
41
|
Marras S, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ, Nelson JA. Individual variation and repeatability in aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:26-32. [PMID: 20008358 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.032136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of inter-individual variation in fish swimming performance may provide insight into how selection has influenced diversity in phenotypic traits. We investigated individual variation and short-term repeatability of individual swimming performance by wild European sea bass in a constant acceleration test (CAT). Fish were challenged with four consecutive CATs with 5 min rest between trials. We measured maximum anaerobic speed at exhaustion (U(CAT)), gait transition speed from steady aerobic to unsteady anaerobic swimming (U(gt)), routine metabolic rate (RMR), post-CAT maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope and recovery time from the CATs. Fish achieved significantly higher speeds during the first CAT (U(CAT)=170 cm s(-1)), and had much more inter-individual variation in performance (coefficient of variation, CV=18.43%) than in the subsequent three tests (U(CAT)=134 cm s(-1); CV=7.3%), which were very repeatable among individuals. The individual variation in U(CAT) in the first trial could be accounted for almost exclusively by variation in anaerobic burst-and-coast performance beyond U(gt). The U(gt) itself varied substantially between individuals (CV=11.4%), but was significantly repeatable across all four trials. Individual RMR and MMR varied considerably, but the rank order of post-CAT MMR was highly repeatable. Recovery rate from the four CATs was highly variable and correlated positively with the first U(CAT) (longer recovery for higher speeds) but negatively with RMR and aerobic scope (shorter recovery for higher RMR and aerobic scope). This large variation in individual performance coupled with the strong correlations between some of the studied variables may reflect divergent selection favouring alternative strategies for foraging and avoiding predation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Marras
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS-Université de Montpellier 2, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 1 Quai de La Daurade, F-34200 Sète, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jourdan‐Pineau H, Dupont‐Prinet A, Claireaux G, McKenzie D. An Investigation of Metabolic Prioritization in the European Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:68-77. [DOI: 10.1086/648485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
43
|
Gutowska MA, Melzner F, Langenbuch M, Bock C, Claireaux G, Pörtner HO. Acid–base regulatory ability of the cephalopod (Sepia officinalis) in response to environmental hypercapnia. J Comp Physiol B 2009; 180:323-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-009-0412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
44
|
McKenzie DJ, Shingles A, Claireaux G, Domenici P. Sublethal concentrations of ammonia impair performance of the teleost fast-start escape response. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:353-62. [PMID: 19117412 DOI: 10.1086/590218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The fast-start escape response in fish is essential for predator avoidance, but almost nothing is known about whether sublethal concentrations of pollutants can impair this reflex. Ammonia, a pervasive pollutant of aquatic habitats, is known to have toxic effects on nervous and muscle function in teleost fish. Golden gray mullet (Liza aurata L.) were exposed for 24 h to sublethal ammonia concentrations in seawater (control, 400 micromol L(-1), or 1,600 micromol L(-1) NH(4)Cl), and then their response to startling with a mechanical stimulus was measured with high-speed video. Initiation of the escape response was significantly slowed by ammonia exposure: response latency rose proportionally from <50 ms in controls to >300 ms at a concentration of 1,600 micromol L(-1 ) NH(4)Cl. This indicates toxic effects on nervous function within the reflex arc. Impaired escape performance was also observed: maximum turning rate, distance covered, velocity, and acceleration were significantly reduced by >45% at a concentration of 1,600 micromol L(-1) NH(4)Cl. This indicates toxic effects on fast-twitch glycolytic white muscle function, the muscle type that powers the fast-start response. These neuromotor impairments were associated with significant ammonia accumulations in venous plasma and white muscle and brain tissue. These results indicate that anthropogenic ammonia pollution in aquatic habitats may increase the vulnerability of fish to predation, especially by birds and mammals that are not affected by water ammonia concentrations.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dupont-Prinet A, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ. Effects of feeding and hypoxia on cardiac performance and gastrointestinal blood flow during critical speed swimming in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:233-40. [PMID: 19559805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that if European sea bass are exercised after feeding, they can achieve a significantly higher maximum metabolic rate (MMR) than when fasted. They can meet combined metabolic demands of digestion (specific dynamic action, SDA) and maximal aerobic exercise, with no decline in swimming performance. If, however, exposed to mild hypoxia (50% saturation), bass no longer achieve higher MMR after feeding but they swim as well fed as fasted, due to an apparent ability to defer the SDA response. This study explored patterns of cardiac output (Q(A)) and blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract (Q(GI)) associated with the higher MMR after feeding, and with the ability to prioritise swimming in hypoxia. Sea bass (mean mass approximately 325 g, forklength approximately 27 cm) were instrumented with flow probes to measure Q(A) and Q(GI) during an incremental critical swimming speed (U(crit)) protocol in a tunnel respirometer, to compare each animal either fasted or 6h after a meal of fish fillet equal to 3% body mass. Feeding raised oxygen uptake (M(O2)) prior to exercise, an SDA response associated with increased Q(A) (+30%) and Q(GI) (+100%) compared to fasted values. As expected, when exercised the fed bass maintained the SDA load throughout the protocol and achieved 14% higher MMR than when fasted, and the same U(crit) (approximately 100 cm s(-1)). Both fed and fasted bass showed pronounced increases in Q(A) and decreases in Q(GI) during exercise and the higher MMR of fed bass was not associated with higher maximum Q(A) relative to when fasted, or to any differences in Q(GI) at maximum Q(A). In hypoxia prior to exercise, metabolic and cardiac responses to feeding were similar compared to normoxia. Hypoxia caused an almost 60% reduction to MMR and 30% reduction to U(crit), but neither of these traits differed between fed or fasted bass. Despite hypoxic limitations to MMR and U(crit), maximum Q(A) and patterns of Q(GI) during exercise in fasted and fed bass were similar to normoxia. Estimating GI oxygen supply from Q(GI) indicated that the ability of bass to prioritise aerobic exercise over SDA when metabolically limited by hypoxia was linked to an ability to defer elements of the SDA response occurring outside the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dupont-Prinet
- Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Claireaux G, Beuvard C, Théron M. Environmental hypoxia: Traits under selection in coastal fish populations. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
47
|
Altimiras J, Claireaux G, Sandblom E, Farrell AP, McKenzie DJ, Axelsson M. Gastrointestinal blood flow and postprandial metabolism in swimming sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:663-72. [PMID: 18752418 DOI: 10.1086/588488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In trout and salmon, the metabolic costs of exercise and feeding are additive, which would suggest that gastrointestinal blood flow during exercise is maintained to preserve digestive and absorptive processes related to the specific dynamic action (SDA) of food. However, in most published studies, gastrointestinal blood flow drops during swimming, hypoxia, and general stress. To test whether gastrointestinal blood flow is spared during exercise after feeding, sea bass were instrumented with flow probes to measure cardiac output and celiacomesenteric blood flow while swimming in a respirometer before and after feeding. Swimming at 2 body lengths per second (bl s(-1)) increased metabolic rate considerably more than did feeding (208% vs. 32% increase, respectively, relative to resting), and a similar pattern was observed for cardiac output. In unfed fish, resting gastrointestinal blood flow was 13.8+/-0.5 mL min(-1) kg(-1). After feeding, resting gastrointestinal blood flow increased by 82% but then decreased progressively with increasing swimming speeds. At 2 bl s(-1), gastrointestinal blood flow in fed fish was not significantly different compared with that in unfed swimming fish, and, therefore, the data do not support the gastrointestinal sparing hypothesis. The magnitude of the SDA was maintained despite the decrease in gastrointestinal blood flow and the consequent reduction in oxygen supply to the gut. An estimate of maximal oxygen flow to the gastrointestinal tract after feeding yielded 2.6 mmol O(2) h(-1) kg(-1), but this amount is not able to cover the oxygen demand of 3.16 mmol O(2) h(-1) kg(-1). Therefore, the SDA must reflect metabolic processes in tissues other than those directly perfused by the celiacomesenteric artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Altimiras
- Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Division of Zoology, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hillenweck A, Canlet C, Mauffret A, Debrauwer L, Claireaux G, Cravedi JP. Characterization of biliary metabolites of fluoranthene in the common sole (Solea solea). Environ Toxicol Chem 2008; 27:2575-2581. [PMID: 18699701 DOI: 10.1897/08-180.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluoranthene is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in the environment. Studies of the metabolism of PAHs have highlighted the importance of the gallbladder in concentrating xenobiotics in fish before excretion in feces. Analysis of bile metabolites can be considered useful for monitoring and assessing the exposure of fish to PAHs. Although the fate of several PAHs in marine organisms has been widely investigated, information is lacking regarding the metabolism of fluoranthene in fish. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic pathways of [14C]fluoranthene in the common sole (Solea solea) by identifying bile metabolites using electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. [14C]Fluoranthene was administered by intraperitoneal injection to 20 common soles. Groups of animals (n = 5) were killed 1, 2, 3, and 4 d postdosing, and gallbladders were excised for radioactivity counting and bile analysis. Biliary metabolites were separated and quantified by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography, and structure identification was performed by ESI/MS. Isomeric structures were confirmed by NMR analyses. At the end of the experiment, 12.2% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in bile. As expected, hydroxylation and glucuronidation were the predominant metabolic pathways. The 7-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene metabolite (representing 13.3% of total radioactivity found in bile), 8-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene (11.8%), trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene (17.9%), and cis-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-3-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene (13.9%) were the major metabolites observed in bile. Minor metabolites, such as trans-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-3-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene (3.9%) and 2,3-di-O-glucuronide-fluoranthene (6.6%), also were identified. The 2,3-dihydrodiol-fluoranthene metabolite, which is found in bile conjugated to glucuronic acid, would be, after hydrolysis of the conjugates, a suitable biomarker of PAH pollution in the marine environment.
Collapse
|
49
|
Claireaux G, Lefrançois C. Linking environmental variability and fish performance: integration through the concept of scope for activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 362:2031-41. [PMID: 17472923 PMCID: PMC2442852 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biological mechanisms linking environmental variability to fish production systems requires the disentangling of the interactions between habitat, environmental adaptation and fitness. Since the number of environmental variables and regulatory processes is large, straightening out the environmental influences on fish performance is intractable unless the mechanistic analysis of the 'fish-milieu' system is preceded by an understanding of the properties of that system. While revisiting the key points in our currently poorly integrated understanding of fish ecophysiology, we have highlighted the explanatory potential contained within Fry's (Fry 1947 Univ. Toronto Stud. Biol. Ser. 55, 1-62) concept of metabolic scope and categorization of environmental factors. These two notions constitute a pair of powerful tools for conducting an external (at the emerging property level) analysis of the environmental influences on fish, as well as an internal (mechanistic) examination of the behavioural, morphological and physiological processes involved. Using examples from our own and others work, we have tried to demonstrate that Fry's framework represents a valuable conceptual basis leading to a broad range of testable ecophysiological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Claireaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 1 Quai de la Daurade, Sète 34200, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Domenici P, Claireaux G, McKenzie DJ. Environmental constraints upon locomotion and predator-prey interactions in aquatic organisms: an introduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 362:1929-36. [PMID: 17472928 PMCID: PMC2042526 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental constraints in aquatic habitats have become topics of concern to both the scientific community and the public at large. In particular, coastal and freshwater habitats are subject to dramatic variability in various environmental factors, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic processes. The protection and sustainable management of all aquatic habitats requires greater understanding of how environmental constraints influence aquatic organisms. Locomotion and predator-prey interactions are intimately linked and fundamental to the survival of mobile aquatic organisms. This paper summarizes the main points from the review and research articles which comprise the theme issue 'Environmental constraints upon locomotion and predator-prey interactions in aquatic organisms'. The articles explore how natural and anthropogenic factors can constrain these two fundamental activities in a diverse range of organisms from phytoplankton to marine mammals. Some major environmental constraints derive from the intrinsic properties of the fluid and are mechanical in nature, such as viscosity and flow regime. Other constraints derive from direct effects of factors, such as temperature, oxygen content of the water or turbidity, upon the mechanisms underlying the performance of locomotion and predator-prey interactions. The effect of these factors on performance at the tissue and organ level is reflected in constraints upon performance of the whole organism. All these constraints can influence behaviour. Ultimately, they can have an impact on ecological performance. One issue that requires particular attention is how factors such as temperature and oxygen can exert different constraints on the physiology and behaviour of different taxa and the ecological implications of this. Given the multiplicity of constraints, the complexity of their interactions, and the variety of biological levels at which they can act, there is a clear need for integration between the fields of physiology, biomechanics, behaviour, ecology, biological modelling and evolution in both laboratory and field studies. For studies on animals in their natural environment, further technological advances are required to allow investigation of how the prevailing physico-chemical conditions influence basic physiological processes and behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Domenici
- CNR-IAMC-c/o International Marine Centre, Localita Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|