1
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Cao K, Lu S, Du A, Huang H, Zhang S, Hu C, Feng C, Liang W, Liu Q, Mi S, Cai J, Lu Y, Zhao W, Zhao Y. Electric field control of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with easy-cone magnetic anisotropic free layers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8379. [PMID: 38579008 PMCID: PMC10997210 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the core element of spintronic devices. Currently, the mainstream writing operation of MTJs is based on electric current with high energy dissipation, and it can be notably reduced if an electric field is used instead. In this regard, it is promising for electric field control of MTJ in the multiferroic heterostructure composed of MTJ and ferroelectrics via strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling. However, there are only reports on MTJs with in-plane anisotropy so far. Here, we investigate electric field control of the resistance state of MgO-based perpendicular MTJs with easy-cone anisotropic free layers through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures. A remarkable, nonvolatile, and reversible modulation of resistance at room temperature is demonstrated. Through local reciprocal space mapping under different electric fields for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 beneath the MTJ pillar, the modulation mechanism is deduced. Our work represents a crucial step toward electric field control of spintronic devices with non-in-plane magnetic anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weideng Sun
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaihua Cao
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiyang Lu
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ao Du
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Feng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu Mi
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, School of Integrated Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Tang J, Cheng R. Lossless Spin-Orbit Torque in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:136701. [PMID: 38613287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.136701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We formulate and quantify the spin-orbit torque (SOT) in intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi_{2}Te_{4} of a few septuple-layer thick in charge-neutral condition, which exhibits pronounced layer-resolved characteristics and even-odd contrast. Contrary to traditional current-induced torques, our SOT is not accompanied by Ohm's currents, thus being devoid of Joule heating. We study the SOT-induced magnetic resonances, where in the tri-septuple-layer case we identify a peculiar exchange mode that is blind to microwaves but can be exclusively driven by the predicted SOT. As an inverse effect, the dynamical magnetic moments generate a pure adiabatic current, which occurs concomitantly with the SOT and gives rise to an overall reactance for the MnBi_{2}Te_{4}, enabling a lossless conversion of electric power into magnetic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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3
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Li X, Singh H, Bao Y, Luo Q, Li S, Chatterjee J, Goiriena-Goikoetxea M, Xiao Z, Tamura N, Candler RN, You L, Bokor J, Hong J. Energy Efficient All-Electric-Field-Controlled Multiferroic Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6845-6851. [PMID: 37467358 PMCID: PMC10416346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic domain wall (DW)-based logic devices offer numerous opportunities for emerging electronics applications allowing superior performance characteristics such as fast motion, high density, and nonvolatility to process information. However, these devices rely on an external magnetic field, which limits their implementation; this is particularly problematic in large-scale applications. Multiferroic systems consisting of a piezoelectric substrate coupled with ferromagnets provide a potential solution that provides the possibility of controlling magnetization through an electric field via magnetoelastic coupling. Strain-induced magnetization anisotropy tilting can influence the DW motion in a controllable way. We demonstrate a method to perform all-electrical logic operations using such a system. Ferromagnetic coupling between neighboring magnetic domains induced by the electric-field-controlled strain has been exploited to promote noncollinear spin alignment, which is used for realizing essential building blocks, including DW generation, propagation, and pinning, in all implementations of Boolean logic, which will pave the way for scalable memory-in-logic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hanuman Singh
- School
of Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Bao
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihao Li
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Maite Goiriena-Goikoetxea
- Department
of Electricity and Electronics, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Zhuyun Xiao
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rob N. Candler
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Long You
- School
of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University
of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jeff Bokor
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- School
of Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Swain A, Sharma T, Rajaraman G. Strategies to quench quantum tunneling of magnetization in lanthanide single molecule magnets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3206-3228. [PMID: 36789911 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing blocking temperature (TB) is one of the holy grails in Single Molecule Magnets(SMMs), as any future potential application in this class of molecules is directly correlated to this parameter. Among many factors contributing to a reduction of TB value, Quantum Tunnelling of Magnetisation (QTM), a phenomenon that is a curse or a blessing based on the application sought after, tops the list. Theoretical tools based on density functional and ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO methods have played a prominent role in estimating various spin Hamiltonian parameters and establishing the mechanism of magnetization relaxation in this class of molecules. Particularly, various strategies to quench QTM effects go hand-in-hand with experiments, and different methods proposed to quell QTM effects are scattered in the literature. In this perspective, we have explored various approaches that are proposed in the literature to quench QTM effects, and these include the role of (i) local symmetry of lanthanides, (ii) super-exchange interaction in {3d-4f} complexes, (iii) direct-exchange interaction in {radical-4f} and metal-metal bonded complexes to suppress the QTM, (iv) utilizing external stimuli such as an electric field or pressure to modulate the QTM and (v) avoiding QTM effects by stabilising toroidal states in 4f and {3d-4f} clusters. We believe the strategies summarized here will help to design new-generation SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
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5
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Matthiesen M, Hortensius JR, Mañas-Valero S, Kapon I, Dumcenco D, Giannini E, Šiškins M, Ivanov BA, van der Zant HSJ, Coronado E, Kuzmenko AB, Afanasiev D, Caviglia AD. Controlling Magnetism with Light in a Zero Orbital Angular Momentum Antiferromagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:076702. [PMID: 36867817 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.076702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic materials feature intrinsic ultrafast spin dynamics, making them ideal candidates for future magnonic devices operating at THz frequencies. A major focus of current research is the investigation of optical methods for the efficient generation of coherent magnons in antiferromagnetic insulators. In magnetic lattices endowed with orbital angular momentum, spin-orbit coupling enables spin dynamics through the resonant excitation of low-energy electric dipoles such as phonons and orbital resonances which interact with spins. However, in magnetic systems with zero orbital angular momentum, microscopic pathways for the resonant and low-energy optical excitation of coherent spin dynamics are lacking. Here, we consider experimentally the relative merits of electronic and vibrational excitations for the optical control of zero orbital angular momentum magnets, focusing on a limit case: the antiferromagnet manganese phosphorous trisulfide (MnPS_{3}), constituted by orbital singlet Mn^{2+} ions. We study the correlation of spins with two types of excitations within its band gap: a bound electron orbital excitation from the singlet orbital ground state of Mn^{2+} into an orbital triplet state, which causes coherent spin precession, and a vibrational excitation of the crystal field that causes thermal spin disorder. Our findings cast orbital transitions as key targets for magnetic control in insulators constituted by magnetic centers of zero orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Matthiesen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jorrit R Hortensius
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Itzik Kapon
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dumitru Dumcenco
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Giannini
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Boris A Ivanov
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dmytro Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- DQMP-University of Geneva, École de Physique, 24, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Shah SQA, Annaorazov M, Rimal G, Wang J, Borunda MF, Tang J, Yost AJ. Controlling the Magneto-Optical Response in Ultrathin Films of EuO 1-x via Interface Engineering with Ferroelectric BaTi 2O 5. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10141-10149. [PMID: 36774653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing pulsed laser deposition, a film of EuO1-x was deposited onto a Si(001) substrate with MgO buffer and compared to the same heterostructure with an additional BaTi2O5 thin film on top of the EuO1-x surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the films crystallize into a preferred EuO(111) orientation; it also reveals the clear presence of EuSi2, which suggests Si or Eu diffuses across the MgO buffer layer. EuO1-x films exhibit a ferromagnetic (FM) signature and temperature-dependent exchange bias, indicated by MOKE measurements, suggesting the presence of a magnetic order well above the EuO Curie temperature with possible origins in charge carrier density near the interface. In comparison, an antiferromagnetic character persists well above the EuO Curie temperature of 69 K and the enhanced Curie temperature of 150 K for BaTi2O5 films grown on the EuO1-x films. The antiferromagnetic behavior is not seen in thicker EuO1-x thin films when integrated with other ferroelectric (FE) phases of the BaO-TiO2 system, suggesting an origin in the perturbed charge population at the BaTi2O5/EuO1-x interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Q A Shah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 United States
| | - Muhammet Annaorazov
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072 United States
| | - Gaurab Rimal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Mario F Borunda
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072 United States
| | - Jinke Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 United States
| | - Andrew J Yost
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3072 United States
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7
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Chen Y, Yuan X, Shan S, Zhang C, Liu R, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Wang X. Significant Reduction of the Dead Layers by the Strain Release in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39673-39678. [PMID: 35984645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts have been devoted to exploring the emergent phenomena occurring in heterostructures of correlated oxides. However, the presence of both magnetic and electrical dead layers in functional oxide films generally obstructs the device functionalization and miniaturization. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to significantly reduce the thickness of dead layers in a prototypical correlated oxide system, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates, via strain engineering by inserting a Sr3Al2O6 buffer layer with a different thickness at heterointerfaces. In this way, the thicknesses of the magnetic and electrical dead layers of LSMO films on the LAO substrates notably decrease from 8 to 4 unit cells and from 13 to 9 unit cells, respectively. Our results provide a convenient method to minimize or even eliminate the dead layers of correlated oxides through the interfacial strain engineering, which has potential applications in nanoscale oxide spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Shan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhuang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yequan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yongbing Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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8
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In silico assessment of electrophysiological neuronal recordings mediated by magnetoelectric nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8386. [PMID: 35589877 PMCID: PMC9120189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric materials hold untapped potential to revolutionize biomedical technologies. Sensing of biophysical processes in the brain is a particularly attractive application, with the prospect of using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as injectable agents for rapid brain-wide modulation and recording. Recent studies have demonstrated wireless brain stimulation in vivo using MENPs synthesized from cobalt ferrite (CFO) cores coated with piezoelectric barium titanate (BTO) shells. CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs have a relatively high magnetoelectric coefficient and have been proposed for direct magnetic particle imaging (MPI) of brain electrophysiology. However, the feasibility of acquiring such readouts has not been demonstrated or methodically quantified. Here we present the results of implementing a strain-based finite element magnetoelectric model of CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs and apply the model to quantify magnetization in response to neural electric fields. We use the model to determine optimal MENPs-mediated electrophysiological readouts both at the single neuron level and for MENPs diffusing in bulk neural tissue for in vivo scenarios. Our results lay the groundwork for MENP recording of electrophysiological signals and provide a broad analytical infrastructure to validate MENPs for biomedical applications.
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9
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He QL, Hughes TL, Armitage NP, Tokura Y, Wang KL. Topological spintronics and magnetoelectronics. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:15-23. [PMID: 34949869 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Topological electronic materials, such as topological insulators, are distinct from trivial materials in the topology of their electronic band structures that lead to robust, unconventional topological states, which could bring revolutionary developments in electronics. This Perspective summarizes developments of topological insulators in various electronic applications including spintronics and magnetoelectronics. We group and analyse several important phenomena in spintronics using topological insulators, including spin-orbit torque, the magnetic proximity effect, interplay between antiferromagnetism and topology, and the formation of topological spin textures. We also outline recent developments in magnetoelectronics such as the axion insulator and the topological magnetoelectric effect observed using different topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin He
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Taylor L Hughes
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - N Peter Armitage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kang L Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center of Quantum Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Chen A, Piao HG, Ji M, Fang B, Wen Y, Ma Y, Li P, Zhang XX. Using Dipole Interaction to Achieve Nonvolatile Voltage Control of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105902. [PMID: 34665483 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism is crucial for developing energy-efficient magnetic memory. Based on strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, a multiferroic heterostructure containing an isolated magnet requires nonvolatile strain to achieve this control. However, the magnetization response of an interacting magnet to strain remains elusive. Herein, Co/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibiting dipole interaction on ferroelectric substrates are fabricated. Remarkably, nonvolatile voltage control of the resistance in the MTJs is demonstrated, which originates from the nonvolatile magnetization rotation of an interacting CoFeB magnet driven by volatile voltage-generated strain. Conversely, for an isolated CoFeB magnet, this volatile strain induces volatile control of magnetism. These results reveal that the magnetization response to volatile strain among interacting magnets is different from that among isolated magnets. The findings highlight the role of dipole interaction in multiferroic heterostructures and can stimulate future research on nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism with additional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials, College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Minhui Ji
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Liu C, Luo Y, Hong D, Zhang SSL, Saglam H, Li Y, Lin Y, Fisher B, Pearson JE, Jiang JS, Zhou H, Wen J, Hoffmann A, Bhattacharya A. Electric field control of magnon spin currents in an antiferromagnetic insulator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1669. [PMID: 34586846 PMCID: PMC8480924 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pure spin currents can be generated via thermal excitations of magnons. These magnon spin currents serve as carriers of information in insulating materials, and controlling them using electrical means may enable energy efficient information processing. Here, we demonstrate electric field control of magnon spin currents in the antiferromagnetic insulator Cr2O3. We show that the thermally driven magnon spin currents reveal a spin-flop transition in thin-film Cr2O3. Crucially, this spin-flop can be turned on or off by applying an electric field across the thickness of the film. Using this tunability, we demonstrate electric field–induced switching of the polarization of magnon spin currents by varying only a gate voltage while at a fixed magnetic field. We propose a model considering an electric field–dependent spin-flop transition, arising from a change in sublattice magnetizations via a magnetoelectric coupling. These results provide a different approach toward controlling magnon spin current in antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yongming Luo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Deshun Hong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Steven S.-L. Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hilal Saglam
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yulin Lin
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Brandon Fisher
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John E. Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - J. Samuel Jiang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anand Bhattacharya
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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12
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Dmitriyeva A, Mikheev V, Zarubin S, Chouprik A, Vinai G, Polewczyk V, Torelli P, Matveyev Y, Schlueter C, Karateev I, Yang Q, Chen Z, Tao L, Tsymbal EY, Zenkevich A. Magnetoelectric Coupling at the Ni/Hf 0.5Zr 0.5O 2 Interface. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14891-14902. [PMID: 34468129 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composite multiferroics containing ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components often have much larger magnetoelectric coupling compared to their single-phase counterparts. Doped or alloyed HfO2-based ferroelectrics may serve as a promising component in composite multiferroic structures potentially feasible for technological applications. Recently, a strong charge-mediated magnetoelectric coupling at the Ni/HfO2 interface has been predicted using density functional theory calculations. Here, we report on the experimental evidence of such magnetoelectric coupling at the Ni/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) interface. Using a combination of operando XAS/XMCD and HAXPES/MCDAD techniques, we probe element-selectively the local magnetic properties at the Ni/HZO interface in functional Au/Co/Ni/HZO/W capacitors and demonstrate clear evidence of the ferroelectric polarization effect on the magnetic response of a nanometer-thick Ni marker layer. The observed magnetoelectric effect and the electronic band lineup of the Ni/HZO interface are interpreted based on the results of our theoretical modeling. It elucidates the critical role of an ultrathin NiO interlayer, which controls the sign of the magnetoelectric effect as well as provides a realistic band offset at the Ni/HZO interface, in agreement with the experiment. Our results hold promise for the use of ferroelectric HfO2-based composite multiferroics for the design of multifunctional devices compatible with modern semiconductor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dmitriyeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Vitalii Mikheev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Sergei Zarubin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Anastasia Chouprik
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Giovanni Vinai
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Vincent Polewczyk
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Piero Torelli
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Yury Matveyev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 85 Notkestraße, Hamburg, D-22607, Germany
| | | | - Igor Karateev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Qiong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Zhaojin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Lingling Tao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Andrei Zenkevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskiy lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
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13
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Wang J, Chen A, Li P, Zhang S. Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164623. [PMID: 34443144 PMCID: PMC8401036 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); (S.Z.)
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14
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Hu Y, Broderick S, Guo Z, N'Diaye AT, Bola JS, Malissa H, Li C, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Jia Q, Boehme C, Vardeny ZV, Zhou C, Ren S. Proton switching molecular magnetoelectricity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4602. [PMID: 34326334 PMCID: PMC8322162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of proton conduction and multiferroics is generating a compelling opportunity to achieve strong magnetoelectric coupling and magneto-ionics, offering a versatile platform to realize molecular magnetoelectrics. Here we describe machine learning coupled with additive manufacturing to accelerate the design strategy for hydrogen-bonded multiferroic macromolecules accompanied by strong proton dependence of magnetic properties. The proton switching magnetoelectricity occurs in three-dimensional molecular heterogeneous solids. It consists of a molecular magnet network as proton reservoir to modulate ferroelectric polarization, while molecular ferroelectrics charging proton transfer to reversibly manipulate magnetism. The magnetoelectric coupling induces a reversible 29% magnetization control at ferroelectric phase transition with a broad thermal hysteresis width of 160 K (192 K to 352 K), while a room-temperature reversible magnetic modulation is realized at a low electric field stimulus of 1 kV cm−1. The findings of electrostatic proton transfer provide a pathway of proton mediated magnetization control in hierarchical molecular multiferroics. Compared to inorganic materials, the magnetoelectric coupling in macromolecules is still hidden. Here, the authors describe machine learning coupled with additive manufacturing to accelerate the discovery of multiferroic macromolecules with a proton-mediated magnetoelectric coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Scott Broderick
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zipeng Guo
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alpha T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jaspal S Bola
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cheng Li
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Research and Education in Energy Environment & Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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15
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Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang B, Sun CJ, Lan D, Chen P, Wu X, Yang P, Yu X, Charlton T, Fitzsimmons MR, Ding J, Chen J, Chow GM. Ferroelectric Self-Polarization Controlled Magnetic Stratification and Magnetic Coupling in Ultrathin La 0.67Sr 0.33MnO 3 Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30137-30145. [PMID: 34137601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic oxide heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components hold the promise for nonvolatile magnetic control via ferroelectric polarization, advantageous for the low-dissipation spintronics. Modern understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling in these systems involves structural, orbital, and magnetic reconstructions at interfaces. Previous works have long proposed polarization-dependent interfacial magnetic structures; however, direct evidence is still missing, which requires advanced characterization tools with near-atomic-scale spatial resolutions. Here, extensive polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) studies have determined the magnetic depth profiles of PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (PZT/LSMO) bilayers with opposite self-polarizations. When the LSMO is 2-3 nm thick, the bilayers show two magnetic transitions on cooling. However, temperature-dependent magnetization is different below the lower-temperature transition for opposite polarizations. PNR finds that the LSMO splits into two magnetic sublayers, but the inter-sublayer magnetic couplings are of opposite signs for the two polarizations. Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy further shows contrasts in both the Mn valences and the Mn-O bond anisotropy between the two polarizations. This work completes the puzzle for the magnetoelectric coupling model at the PZT/LSMO interface, showing a synergic interplay among multiple degrees of freedom toward emergent functionalities at complex oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yaohua Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bangmin Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Da Lan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Ping Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Timothy Charlton
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael R Fitzsimmons
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Gan Moog Chow
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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16
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Yang B, Jin L, Wei R, Tang X, Hu L, Tong P, Yang J, Song W, Dai J, Zhu X, Sun Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Cheng Z. Chemical Solution Route for High-Quality Multiferroic BiFeO 3 Thin Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1903663. [PMID: 31729163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 ) has recently become interesting as a room-temperature multiferroic material, and a variety of prototype devices have been designed based on its thin films. A low-cost and simple processing technique for large-area and high-quality BiFeO3 thin films that is compatible with current semiconductor technologies is therefore urgently needed. Development of BiFeO3 thin films is summarized with a specific focus on the chemical solution route. By a systematic analysis of the recent progress in chemical-route-derived BiFeO3 thin films, the challenges of these films are highlighted. An all-solution chemical-solution deposition (AS-CSD) for BiFeO3 thin films with different orientation epitaxial on various oxide bottom electrodes is introduced and a comprehensive study of the growth, structure, and ferroelectric properties of these films is provided. A facile low-cost route to prepare large-area high-quality epitaxial BFO thin films with a comprehensive understanding of the film thickness, stoichiometry, crystal orientation, ferroelectric properties, and bottom electrode effects on evolutions of microstructures is provided. This work paves the way for the fabrication of devices based on BiFeO3 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Linghua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Renhuai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xianwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wenhai Song
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Dai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australia Institute for Innovation Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australia Institute for Innovation Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australia Institute for Innovation Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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17
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Li Y, Li X, Zhang S, Cao L, Ouyang F, Long M. Strain Investigation on Spin-Dependent Transport Properties of γ-Graphyne Nanoribbon Between Gold Electrodes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33409606 PMCID: PMC7788153 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering has become one of the effective methods to tune the electronic structures of materials, which can be introduced into the molecular junction to induce some unique physical effects. The various γ-graphyne nanoribbons (γ-GYNRs) embedded between gold (Au) electrodes with strain controlling have been designed, involving the calculation of the spin-dependent transport properties by employing the density functional theory. Our calculated results exhibit that the presence of strain has a great effect on transport properties of molecular junctions, which can obviously enhance the coupling between the γ-GYNR and Au electrodes. We find that the current flowing through the strained nanojunction is larger than that of the unstrained one. What is more, the length and strained shape of the γ-GYNR serves as the important factors which affect the transport properties of molecular junctions. Simultaneously, the phenomenon of spin-splitting occurs after introducing strain into nanojunction, implying that strain engineering may be a new means to regulate the electron spin. Our work can provide theoretical basis for designing of high performance graphyne-based devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Statistical Learning and Intelligent Computation, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liemao Cao
- Science, Math and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Fangping Ouyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Mengqiu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China.
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18
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Semenov YG, Wook Kim K. Modeling of Antiferromagnetic Dynamics: A Brief Review. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.3024384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Mosey A, Dale AS, Hao G, N'Diaye A, Dowben PA, Cheng R. Quantitative Study of the Energy Changes in Voltage-Controlled Spin Crossover Molecular Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8231-8237. [PMID: 32878433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-controlled nonvolatile isothermal spin state switching of a [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] (pz = tris(pyrazol-1-1y)-borohydride, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) film, more than 40 to 50 molecular layers thick, is possible when it is adsorbed onto a molecular ferroelectric substrate. Accompanying this high-spin and low-spin state switching, at room temperature, we observe a remarkable change in conductance, thereby allowing not only nonvolatile voltage control of the spin state ("write") but also current sensing of the molecular spin state ("read"). Monte Carlo Ising model simulations of the high-spin state occupancy, extracted from X-ray absorption spectroscopy, indicate that the energy difference between the low-spin and high-spin state is modified by 110 meV. Transport measurements demonstrate that four terminal voltage-controlled devices can be realized using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mosey
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ashley S Dale
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Guanhua Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alpha N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter A Dowben
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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20
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Merkel DG, Lengyel A, Nagy DL, Németh A, Horváth ZE, Bogdán C, Gracheva MA, Hegedűs G, Sajti S, Radnóczi GZ, Szilágyi E. Reversible control of magnetism in FeRh thin films. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13923. [PMID: 32811888 PMCID: PMC7435192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multilayer of approximate structure MgO(100)/[nFe51Rh49(63 Å)/57Fe51Rh49(46 Å)]10 deposited at 200 °C is primarily of paramagnetic A1 phase and is fully converted to the magnetic B2 phase by annealing at 300 °C for 60 min. Subsequent irradiation by 120 keV Ne+ ions turns the thin film completely to the paramagnetic A1 phase. Repeated annealing at 300 °C for 60 min results in 100% magnetic B2 phase, i.e. a process that appears to be reversible at least twice. The A1 → B2 transformation takes place without any plane-perpendicular diffusion while Ne+ irradiation results in significant interlayer mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel G Merkel
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary.
- Centre for Energy Research, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Lengyel
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes L Nagy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt E Horváth
- Centre for Energy Research, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bogdán
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria A Gracheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Hegedűs
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Sajti
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Szilágyi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O.B. 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Liu C, Zhang B, Yu X, Wu X, Chen P, Yang P, Yu X, Ding J, Chen J, Chow GM. Magnetoelectric Coupling Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Ferromagnetic Insulating State in PbZr 0.52Ti 0.48O 3/La 0.67Sr 0.33MnO 3 Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35588-35597. [PMID: 32614572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel phenomena at the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric interface have generated much interest. Here, a ferromagnetic insulating state with the Curie temperature about 268-286 K in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heterostructures is induced and modulated by varying the PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thickness. An abnormally enlarged c/a ratio in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 by strain-based coupling effect leads to d3z2-r2 orbital preferable occupancy. This orbital reconstruction modulates effective electron transfer and finally leads to a ferromagnetic insulating state. Valence change induced by charge-based coupling effect could be partially responsible for change in the Curie temperature in the strongly correlated electron system of La1-xSrxMnO3. This work provides a deeper understanding of strain effects near the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric interface, especially in a PbZr1-yTiyO3/La1-xSrxMnO3 heterostructure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Bangmin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Ping Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 117603 Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 117603 Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Gan Moog Chow
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
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22
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Mei C, Lin Z, Zhang R, Xu C, Huang H, Dong Y, Meng M, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Gu L, Yang H, Tian H, Li J, Lu Y, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Growth of High-Quality Superconducting FeSe 0.5Te 0.5 Films on Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3) 0.7Ti 0.3O 3 and Electric-Field Modulation of Superconductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12238-12245. [PMID: 32052958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures composed of superconductor and ferroelectrics (SC/FE) are very important for manipulating the superconducting property and applications. However, growth of high-quality superconducting iron chalcogenide films is challenging because of their volatility and FE substrate with rough surface and large lattice mismatch. Here, we report a two-step growth approach to get high-quality FeSe0.5Te0.5 (FST) films on FE Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 with large lattice mismatch, which show superconductivity at only around 10 nm. Through a systematic study of structural and electric transport properties of samples with different thicknesses, a mechanism to grow high-quality FST is discovered. Moreover, electric-field-induced remarkable change of Tc (superconducting transition temperature) is demonstrated in a 20 nm FST film. This work paves the way to grow high-quality films which contain volatile element and have large lattice mismatch with the substrate. It is also helpful for manipulating the superconducting property in SC/FE heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Mei
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhu Lin
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongqi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Miao Meng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Yan H, Feng Z, Qin P, Zhou X, Guo H, Wang X, Chen H, Zhang X, Wu H, Jiang C, Liu Z. Electric-Field-Controlled Antiferromagnetic Spintronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905603. [PMID: 32048366 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics has been substantially advanced. Electric-field control is a promising approach for achieving ultralow power spintronic devices via suppressing Joule heating. Here, cutting-edge research, including electric-field modulation of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices using strain, ionic liquids, dielectric materials, and electrochemical ionic migration, is comprehensively reviewed. Various emergent topics such as the Néel spin-orbit torque, chiral spintronics, topological antiferromagnetic spintronics, anisotropic magnetoresistance, memory devices, 2D magnetism, and magneto-ionic modulation with respect to antiferromagnets are examined. In conclusion, the possibility of realizing high-quality room-temperature antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions, antiferromagnetic spin logic devices, and artificial antiferromagnetic neurons is highlighted. It is expected that this work provides an appropriate and forward-looking perspective that will promote the rapid development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zexin Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peixin Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haojiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chengbao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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24
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Jayachandran KP, Guedes JM, Rodrigues HC. Homogenization method for microscopic characterization of the composite magnetoelectric multiferroics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1276. [PMID: 31992781 PMCID: PMC6987106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning of magnetization or electrical polarization using external fields other than their corresponding conjugate fields (i.e., magnetic field for the former or electric field for the latter response) attracts renewed interest due to its potential for applications. The magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic 1-3 composite composed of alternating magnetic and ferroelectric layers operating in linear regime consequent to external biasing fields is simulated and analysed theoretically. Two-scale homogenization procedure to arrive at the equilibrium overall physical properties of magnetoelectric multiferroic composite is formulated using variational analysis. This procedure is extended to quantify the underlying local (microscopic) electric, magnetic and elastic fields and thereby compute local distribution of stresses and strains, electrical and magnetic potentials, the electric and magnetic fields as well as the equivalent von Mises stresses. The computational model is implemented by modifying the software POSTMAT (material postprocessing). Computed local stress/strain profiles and the von Mises stresses consequent to biasing electrical and magnetic fields provide insightful information related to the magnetostriction and the ensuing electrical and magnetic polarization. Average polarization and magnetization against magnetic and electric fields respectively are computed and found to be in reasonable limits of the experimental results on similar composite systems. The homogenization model covers multiferroics and its composites regardless of crystallographic symmetry (with the caveat of assuming an ideal and semi-coherent interface connecting the constituent phases) and offer computational efficiency besides unveiling the nature of the underlying microscopic field characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Jayachandran
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J M Guedes
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H C Rodrigues
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Chen A, Zhang S, Wen Y, Huang H, Kosel J, Lu Y, Zhang XX. Electric-Field-Enhanced Bulk Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in GdFe/Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3) 0.7Ti 0.3O 3 Multiferroic Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47091-47097. [PMID: 31736291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is important for increasing the information storage density in the perpendicular magnetic recording media, and for rare-earth-transition-metal alloys with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that generate great research interest due to their abundant interesting phenomena, such as fast domain wall motion and skyrmion. Here, we deposit amorphous GdFe ferrimagnetic films on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 ferroelectric substrate and investigate the effect of electric-field-induced piezostrain on its bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anomalous Hall effect and polar Kerr image measurements suggest an enhanced bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by electric field, which originates from a positive magnetoelastic anisotropy due to the positive magnetostriction coefficient of the GdFe film and the electric-field-induced tensile strain along the z axis in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 ferroelectric substrate. Our results enrich the electrical control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and are useful for designing spintronic devices based on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haoliang Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | | | - Yalin Lu
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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26
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Chen A, Zhao Y, Wen Y, Pan L, Li P, Zhang XX. Full voltage manipulation of the resistance of a magnetic tunnel junction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay5141. [PMID: 31853501 PMCID: PMC6910833 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the motivations for multiferroics research is to find an energy-efficient solution to spintronic applications, such as the solely electrical control of magnetic tunnel junctions. Here, we integrate spintronics and multiferroics by depositing MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions on ferroelectric substrate. We fabricate two pairs of electrodes on the ferroelectric substrate to generate localized strain by applying voltage. This voltage-generated localized strain has the ability to modify the magnetic anisotropy of the free layer effectively. By sequentially applying voltages to these two pairs of electrodes, we successively and unidirectionally rotate the magnetization of the free layer in the magnetic tunnel junctions to complete reversible 180° magnetization switching. Thus, we accomplish a giant nonvolatile solely electrical switchable high/low resistance in magnetic tunnel junctions at room temperature without the aid of a magnetic field. Our results are important for exploring voltage control of magnetism and low-power spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuelei Zhao
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Pan
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Arras R, Cherifi-Hertel S. Polarization Control of the Interface Ferromagnetic to Antiferromagnetic Phase Transition in Co/Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34399-34407. [PMID: 31456387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, we predict the polarization control of the interfacial magnetic phase and a giant electronically driven magnetoelectric coupling (MEC) in Co/PbZr0.25Ti0.75O3 (PZT)(001). The effect of Co oxidation at the interface shared with (Zr,Ti)O2-terminated PZT is evidenced. The magnetic phase of the oxidized Co interface layer is electrically switched from the ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic state by reversing the PZT polarization from upward to downward, respectively. A comparative study between oxidized and unoxidized Co/PZT interfaces shows that in oxidized Co/PZT bilayers, the variation of the interface spin moment upon polarization reversal exceeds that of unoxidized Co/PZT bilayers by about 1 order of magnitude. We define a surface MEC constant αS taking into account the polarization dependence of both the spin and orbital moments. In unoxidized Co/PZT bilayers, we obtain αS ≈ 2 × 10-10 G cm2 V-1, while a giant surface coupling αS ≈ 12 × 10-10 G cm2 V-1 is found in the case of oxidized Co/PZT. We demonstrate that the polarization control of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy via spin-orbit coupling is not only effective at the interface but it extends to the Co film despite the interface origin of the MEC. This study shows that tailoring the nature of atomic bonding and electron occupancies allows for improving the performance of functional interfaces, enabling an efficient electric field control of spin-orbit interactions. Moreover, the nonlocal character of this effect holds promising perspectives for the application of electronically driven interface MEC in spin-orbitronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Arras
- CEMES , Université de Toulouse, CNRS , 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
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28
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Abstract
Magnonics, an emerging research field, aims to control and manipulate spin waves in magnetic materials and structures. However, the current understanding of spin waves remains quite limited. This review attempts to provide an overview of the anomalous behaviors of spin waves in various types of magnetic materials observed thus far by inelastic light scattering experiments. The anomalously large asymmetry of anti-Stokes to Stokes intensity ratio, broad linewidth, strong resonance effect, unique polarization selection, and abnormal impurity dependence of spin waves are discussed. In addition, the mechanisms of these anomalous behaviors of spin waves are proposed.
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29
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Low voltage control of exchange coupling in a ferromagnet-semiconductor quantum well hybrid structure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2899. [PMID: 31263145 PMCID: PMC6603040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage control of ferromagnetism on the nanometer scale is highly appealing for the development of novel electronic devices with low power consumption, high operation speed, reliable reversibility and compatibility with semiconductor technology. Hybrid structures based on the assembly of ferromagnetic and semiconducting building blocks are expected to show magnetic order as a ferromagnet and to be electrically tunable as a semiconductor. Here, we demonstrate the electrical control of the exchange coupling in a hybrid consisting of a ferromagnetic Co layer and a semiconductor CdTe quantum well, separated by a thin non-magnetic (Cd,Mg)Te barrier. The electric field controls the phononic ac Stark effect-the indirect exchange mechanism that is mediated by elliptically polarized phonons emitted from the ferromagnet. The effective magnetic field of the exchange interaction reaches up to 2.5 Tesla and can be turned on and off by application of 1V bias across the heterostructure.
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30
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Chen A, Wen Y, Fang B, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Chang Y, Li P, Wu H, Huang H, Lu Y, Zeng Z, Cai J, Han X, Wu T, Zhang XX, Zhao Y. Giant nonvolatile manipulation of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions by electric fields via magnetoelectric coupling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:243. [PMID: 30651541 PMCID: PMC6335399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrically switchable magnetization is considered a milestone in the development of ultralow power spintronic devices, and it has been a long sought-after goal for electric-field control of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with ultralow power consumption. Here, through integrating spintronics and multiferroics, we investigate MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions on ferroelectric substrate with a high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 235%. A giant, reversible and nonvolatile electric-field manipulation of magnetoresistance to about 55% is realized at room temperature without the assistance of a magnetic field. Through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the electric field modifies the magnetic anisotropy of the free layer leading to its magnetization rotation so that the relative magnetization configuration of the magnetic tunnel junction can be efficiently modulated. Our findings offer significant fundamental insight into information storage using electric writing and magnetic reading and represent a crucial step towards low-power spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitian Chen
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100084, China
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuelei Zhao
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuansi Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peisen Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhongming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tom Wu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100084, China.
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31
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Chen A, Su Q, Han H, Enriquez E, Jia Q. Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: A Perspective from Strain, Defect, and Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803241. [PMID: 30368932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with ordered two phases, grown epitaxially on substrates, have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. These unique nanostructured composite thin films with large vertical interfacial area, controllable vertical lattice strain, and defects provide an intriguing playground, allowing for the manipulation of a variety of functional properties of the materials via the interplay among strain, defect, and interface. This field has evolved from basic growth and characterization to functionality tuning as well as potential applications in energy conversion and information technology. Here, the remarkable progress achieved in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films from a perspective of tuning functionalities through control of strain, defect, and interface is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Qing Su
- Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hyungkyu Han
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Christos Panagopoulos
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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33
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Yan Y, Geng LD, Tan Y, Ma J, Zhang L, Sanghadasa M, Ngo K, Ghosh AW, Wang YU, Priya S. Colossal tunability in high frequency magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4998. [PMID: 30479327 PMCID: PMC6258707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical modulation of magnetization through the magnetoelectric effect provides a great opportunity for developing a new generation of tunable electrical components. Magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductors (VTIs) are designed to maximize the electric field control of permeability. In order to meet the need for power electronics, VTIs operating at high frequency with large tunability and low loss are required. Here we demonstrate magnetoelectric VTIs that exhibit remarkable high inductance tunability of over 750% up to 10 MHz, completely covering the frequency range of state-of-the-art power electronics. This breakthrough is achieved based on a concept of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) cancellation, predicted in a solid solution of nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite through first-principles calculations. Phase field model simulations are employed to observe the domain-level strain-mediated coupling between magnetization and polarization. The model reveals small MCA facilitates the magnetic domain rotation, resulting in larger permeability sensitivity and inductance tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke Yan
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Liwei D Geng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Yaohua Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Lujie Zhang
- Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Mohan Sanghadasa
- Weapons Development and Integration Directorate, Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL, 35898, USA
| | - Khai Ngo
- Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Avik W Ghosh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Yu U Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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34
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Dislaki E, Robbennolt S, Campoy‐Quiles M, Nogués J, Pellicer E, Sort J. Coercivity Modulation in Fe-Cu Pseudo-Ordered Porous Thin Films Controlled by an Applied Voltage: A Sustainable, Energy-Efficient Approach to Magnetoelectrically Driven Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800499. [PMID: 30128259 PMCID: PMC6096991 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fe-Cu films with pseudo-ordered, hierarchical porosity are prepared by a simple, two-step procedure that combines colloidal templating (using sub-micrometer-sized polystyrene spheres) with electrodeposition. The porosity degree of these films, estimated by ellipsometry measurements, is as high as 65%. The resulting magnetic properties can be controlled at room temperature using an applied electric field generated through an electric double layer in an anhydrous electrolyte. This material shows a remarkable 25% voltage-driven coercivity reduction upon application of negative voltages, with excellent reversibility when a positive voltage is applied, and a short recovery time. The pronounced reduction of coercivity is mainly ascribed to electrostatic charge accumulation at the surface of the porous alloy, which occurs over a large fraction of the electrodeposited material due to its high surface-area-to-volume ratio. The emergence of a hierarchical porosity is found to be crucial because it promotes the infiltration of the electrolyte into the structure of the film. The observed effects make this material a promising candidate to boost energy efficiency in magnetoelectrically actuated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Dislaki
- Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)E‐08193BellaterraSpain
| | - Shauna Robbennolt
- Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)E‐08193BellaterraSpain
| | - Mariano Campoy‐Quiles
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB‐CSIC)Campus UABE‐08193BellaterraSpain
| | - Josep Nogués
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and the BISTCampus UABE‐08193BellaterraSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Passeig Lluís Companys 23E‐08010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)E‐08193BellaterraSpain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)E‐08193BellaterraSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Passeig Lluís Companys 23E‐08010BarcelonaSpain
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35
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Yao J, Song X, Gao X, Tian G, Li P, Fan H, Huang Z, Yang W, Chen D, Fan Z, Zeng M, Liu JM. Electrically Driven Reversible Magnetic Rotation in Nanoscale Multiferroic Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6767-6776. [PMID: 29957931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrically driven magnetic switching (EDMS) is highly demanded for next-generation advanced memories or spintronic devices. The key challenge is to achieve repeatable and reversible EDMS at sufficiently small scale. In this work, we reported an experimental realization of room-temperature, electrically driven, reversible, and robust 120° magnetic state rotation in nanoscale multiferroic heterostructures consisting of a triangular Co nanomagnet array on tetragonal BiFeO3 films, which can be directly monitored by magnetic force microscope (MFM) imaging. The observed reversible magnetic switching in an individual nanomagnet can be triggered by a small electric pulse within 10 V with an ultrashort time of ∼10 ns, which also demonstrates sufficient switching cycling and months-long retention lifetime. A mechanism based on synergic effects of interfacial strain and exchange coupling plus shape anisotropy was also proposed, which was also verified by micromagnetic simulations. Our results create an avenue to engineer the nanoscale EDMS for low-power-consumption, high-density, nonvolatile magnetoelectric memories and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiao Song
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Peilian Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Wenda Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Min Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 21009 , China
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36
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Zhang D, Cheng J, Chai J, Deng J, Ren R, Su Y, Wang H, Ma C, Lee CS, Zhang W, Zheng GP, Cao M. Magnetic-field-induced dielectric behaviors and magneto-electrical coupling of multiferroic compounds containing cobalt ferrite/barium calcium titanate composite fibers. JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 2018; 740:1067-1076. [PMID: 29628623 PMCID: PMC5806601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics have broad application prospects in various fields such as multi-layer ceramic capacitors and multifunctional devices owing to their high dielectric constants and coupled magnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. In this study, cobalt ferrite (CFO)/barium calcium titanate (BCT) composite fibers are prepared from BCT and CFO sols by an electrospinning method, and are then oriented by magnetic fields and sintered at high temperatures. The effects of magnetic fields and CFO contents on the nanostructures and magnetoelectric properties of the composites are investigated. Strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric properties occurs in CFO/BCT composites with magnetic orientation. More interestingly, the dielectric constants of CFO/BCT composites with magnetic orientation are found to be enhanced (by ∼1.5-3.5 times) as compared with those of BCT and CFO/BCT without magnetic orientation. The boost of dielectric constants of magnetic-field orientated CFO/BCT is attributed to the magneto-electrical coupling between CFO and BCT, where the polar domains of BCT are pinned by the orientated CFO. Therefore, this work not only provides a novel and effective approach in enhancing the dielectric constants of ceramic ferroelectrics, which is of tremendous value for industrial applications, but also elucidates the interaction mechanisms between ferromagnetic phase and ferroelectric phase in multiferroic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Junye Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jixing Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jiji Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunqing Ma
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guang-Ping Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maosheng Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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37
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Kuzmenko AM, Szaller D, Kain T, Dziom V, Weymann L, Shuvaev A, Pimenov A, Mukhin AA, Ivanov VY, Gudim IA, Bezmaternykh LN, Pimenov A. Switching of Magnons by Electric and Magnetic Fields in Multiferroic Borates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:027203. [PMID: 29376713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.027203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electric manipulation of magnetic properties is a key problem of materials research. To fulfill the requirements of modern electronics, these processes must be shifted to high frequencies. In multiferroic materials, this may be achieved by electric and magnetic control of their fundamental excitations. Here we identify magnetic vibrations in multiferroic iron borates that are simultaneously sensitive to external electric and magnetic fields. Nearly 100% modulation of the terahertz radiation in an external field is demonstrated for SmFe_{3}(BO_{3})_{4}. High sensitivity can be explained by a modification of the spin orientation that controls the excitation conditions in multiferroic borates. These experiments demonstrate the possibility to alter terahertz magnetic properties of materials independently by external electric and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kuzmenko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Szaller
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Th Kain
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Dziom
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Weymann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Shuvaev
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Pimenov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A A Mukhin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Ivanov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Gudim
- L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics Siberian Branch of RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - L N Bezmaternykh
- L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics Siberian Branch of RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A Pimenov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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38
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Gao M, Viswan R, Tang X, Leung CM, Li J, Viehland D. Magnetoelectricity of CoFe 2O 4 and tetragonal phase BiFeO 3 nanocomposites prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:323. [PMID: 29321643 PMCID: PMC5762771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling between the tetragonal phase (T-phase) of BiFeO3 (BFO) and CoFe2O4 (CFO) in magnetoelectric heterostructures has been studied. Bilayers of CFO and BFO were deposited on (001) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. After 30 min of annealing, the CFO top layer exhibited a T-phase-like structure, developing a platform-like morphology with BFO. Magnetic hysteresis loops exhibited a strong thickness effect of the CFO layer on the coercive field, in particular along the out-of-plane direction. Magnetic force microscopy images revealed that the T-phase CFO platform contained multiple magnetic domains, which could be tuned by applying a tip bias. A combination of shape, strain, and exchange coupling effects are used to explain the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Ravindranath Viswan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chung Ming Leung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jiefang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - D Viehland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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39
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Wang F, Zhou C, Gesang D, Jiang C. Electric field control of magnetization reorientation in Co/Pb (Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)-PbTiO 3 heterostructure. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:104. [PMID: 28209024 PMCID: PMC5307426 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated an apparent electric field control of magnetization reorientation at room temperature, through a strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (FM/FE) multiferroic heterostructure. As the applied electric field increased, the magnetization tended to deviate from the original direction, which was induced by nonlinear strain vs electric-field behavior from the ferroelectric substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance showed that the in-plane magnetic easy axis of the Co film was shifted sharply with electric field E = 10 kV/cm, which indicates that the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the Co film can be inverted via the application of an electric field. These results demonstrated that converse magnetoelectric effect in the FM/FE heterostructure was indeed a feasible method to control magnetization orientation in technologically relevant ferromagnetic thin films at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dunzhu Gesang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
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40
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Yan Y, Geng LD, Zhang L, Gao X, Gollapudi S, Song HC, Dong S, Sanghadasa M, Ngo K, Wang YU, Priya S. Correlation between tunability and anisotropy in magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductor (VTI). Sci Rep 2017; 7:16008. [PMID: 29167475 PMCID: PMC5700207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric field modulation of magnetic properties via magnetoelectric coupling in composite materials is of fundamental and technological importance for realizing tunable energy efficient electronics. Here we provide foundational analysis on magnetoelectric voltage tunable inductor (VTI) that exhibits extremely large inductance tunability of up to 1150% under moderate electric fields. This field dependence of inductance arises from the change of permeability, which correlates with the stress dependence of magnetic anisotropy. Through combination of analytical models that were validated by experimental results, comprehensive understanding of various anisotropies on the tunability of VTI is provided. Results indicate that inclusion of magnetic materials with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy is one of the most effective ways to achieve high VTI tunability. This study opens pathway towards design of tunable circuit components that exhibit field-dependent electronic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongke Yan
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Liwei D Geng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Lujie Zhang
- Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Sreenivasulu Gollapudi
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hyun-Cheol Song
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for electronic materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuxiang Dong
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Mohan Sanghadasa
- Weapons Development and Integration Directorate, Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL, 35898, USA
| | - Khai Ngo
- Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yu U Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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41
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Zhao K, Yu H, Zou J, Zeng H, Li G, Li X. Influence of Oxygen Pressure on the Domain Dynamics and Local Electrical Properties of BiFe 0.95Mn 0.05O₃ Thin Films Studied by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111258. [PMID: 29104271 PMCID: PMC5706205 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied the microstructures, nanodomains, polarization preservation behaviors, and electrical properties of BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) multiferroic thin films, which have been epitaxially created on the substrates of SrRuO3, SrTiO3, and TiN-buffered (001)-oriented Si at different oxygen pressures via piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. We found that the pure phase state, inhomogeneous piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) response, low leakage current with unidirectional diode-like properties, and orientation-dependent polarization reversal properties were found in BFMO thin films deposited at low oxygen pressure. Meanwhile, these films under high oxygen pressures resulted in impurities in the secondary phase in BFMO films, which caused a greater leakage that hindered the polarization preservation capability. Thus, this shows the important impact of the oxygen pressure on modulating the physical effects of BFMO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Huizhu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Huarong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Guorong Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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42
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Zhao X, Wen J, Yang B, Zhu H, Cao Q, Wang D, Qian Z, Du Y. Electric Field Manipulated Multilevel Magnetic States Storage in FePt/(011) PMN-PT Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36038-36044. [PMID: 28948771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current information society, the realization of a magnetic storage technique with energy-efficient design and high storage density is greatly desirable. Here, we demonstrate that, without bias magnetic field, different values of remanent magnetization (Mr) can be obtained in a FePt/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) heterostructure by applying a unipolar electric field across the substrate. These multilevel magnetic signals can serve as writing data bits in a storage device, which remarkably increases the storage density. As for the data reading, these multilevel Mr values can be read nondestructively and distinguishably using a commercial giant magnetoresistance magnetic sensor by converting the magnetic signal to voltage signal. Furthermore, these multilevel voltage signals show good retention and switching property, which enables promising applications in electric-writing magnetic-reading memory devices with low power consumption and high storage density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiahong Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- Center for Integrated Spintronic Devices, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingqi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dunhui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenghong Qian
- Center for Integrated Spintronic Devices, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Youwei Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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43
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Barbosa DAB, Paschoal CWA. Raman evidence for presence of high-temperature ferromagnetic clusters in magnetodielectric compound Ba-doped La 2NiMnO 6. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:125-129. [PMID: 28558320 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetodielectric ferromagnetic semiconductors are key materials because of their applications in spintronic devices; they can be used to control the magnetic properties by applying electric fields. La2NiMnO6 emerged as an important magnetodielectric ferromagnetic semiconductor because of its high Curie temperature near room temperature. Recently Ba doped was successfully used to improve magnetic properties in La2NiMnO6, originating partially ordered systems with different ordering degrees but presenting same Tc=280K. However, the influence of Ba doping on the temperature dependent vibrational properties of the system was not investigated. To investigate the Ba doping influence on temperature dependent phonon spectra in La2NiMnO6, we used Raman Spectroscopy to probe the symmetric stretching mode behavior in the range from 10 to 600K. Remarkable softenings were detected in the phonon behavior due to spin phonon coupling, at several different temperatures, much above Tc. The FWHM dependence with temperature rules out magnetostriction effects. The phonon softenings are the largest reported so far for the RE2NiMnO6 systems and also indicate that Ba doping induces ordering in the Ni/Mn sites. The temperature discordance in characteristic softening onset of the spin phonon coupling are related to ferromagnetic short range clusters due the presence of Ni3+, Mn3+ oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A B Barbosa
- Coordenação de Licenciatura em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Bacabal, 65418-000 Bacabal, MA, Brazil; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, 65085-580 São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - C W A Paschoal
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 65455-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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44
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Interface-induced spontaneous positive and conventional negative exchange bias effects in bilayer La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3/Eu 0.45Sr 0.55MnO 3 heterostructures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6919. [PMID: 28761051 PMCID: PMC5537235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report zero-field-cooled spontaneous-positive and field-cooled conventional-negative exchange bias effects in epitaxial bilayer composed of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) with ferromagnetic (FM) and Eu0.45Sr0.55MnO3 (ESMO) with A-type antiferromagnetic (AF) heterostructures respectively. A temperature dependent magnetization study of LSMO/ESMO bilayers grown on SrTiO3 (001) manifest FM ordering (TC) of LSMO at ~320 K, charge/orbital ordering of ESMO at ~194 K and AF ordering (TN) of ESMO at ~150 K. The random field Ising model has demonstrated an interesting observation of inverse dependence of exchange bias effect on AF layer thickness due to the competition between FM-AF interface coupling and AF domain wall energy. The isothermally field induced unidirectional exchange anisotropy formed at the interface of FM-LSMO layer and the kinetically phase-arrested magnetic phase obtained from the metamagnetic AF-ESMO layer could be responsible for the spontaneous exchange bias effect. Importantly, no magnetic poling is needed, as necessary for the applications. The FM-AF interface exchange interaction has been ascribed to the AF coupling with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sum {J}_{ex}\vec{{S}_{{\rm{FM}}}}\cdot \vec{{S}_{{\rm{AF}}}}$$\end{document}∑JexSFM⃗⋅SAF⃗ (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${J}_{ex}\approx {J}_{AF}$$\end{document}Jex≈JAF, coupling constant between AF spins) for the spontaneous positive hysteresis loop shift, and the field-cooled conventional exchange bias has been attributed to the ferromagnetically exchanged interface with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${J}_{ex}\approx {J}_{F}$$\end{document}Jex≈JF (coupling constant between FM spins).
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45
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Zhang S, Chen Q, Liu Y, Chen A, Yang L, Li P, Ming ZS, Yu Y, Sun W, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Zhao Y. Strain-Mediated Coexistence of Volatile and Nonvolatile Converse Magnetoelectric Effects in Fe/Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3) 0.7Ti 0.3O 3 Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20637-20647. [PMID: 28540731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strain-mediated ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (FE) heterostructures have played an important role in multiferroic materials to investigate the electric-field control of magnetism in the past decade, due to their excellent performances, such as room-temperature operation and large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect. Because of the different FE-switching-originated strain behaviors and varied interfacial coupling effect, both loop-like (nonvolatile) and butterfly-like (volatile) converse ME effects have been reported. Here, we investigate the electric-field control of magnetism in a multiferroic heterostructure composed of a polycrystalline Fe thin film and a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 single crystal, and the experimental results exhibit complex behaviors, suggesting the coexistence of volatile and nonvolatile converse ME effects. By separating the symmetrical and antisymmetrical parts of the electrical modulation of magnetization, we distinguished the loop-like hysteresis and butterfly-like magnetization changes tuned by electric fields, corresponding to the strain effects related to the FE 109° switching and 71/180° switching, respectively. Further magnetic-field-dependent as well as angular-dependent investigation of the converse ME effect confirmed the strain-mediated magnetism involving competition among the Zeeman energy, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, and strain-generated magnetoelastic energy. This study is helpful for understanding the electric-field control of magnetism in multiferroic heterostructures as well as its relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Aitian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peisen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Shi Ming
- Department of Physics, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuelei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Young Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Abstract
Due to the demand of controlling magnetism by electric fields for future storage devices, materials with magnetoelectric coupling are of great interests. Based on first-principles calculations, we study the electronic and magnetic properties of a double perovskite Sr2CoMoO6 (SCMO) in a hybrid heterostructure combined with BaTiO3 (BTO) in different polarization states. The calculations show that by introducing ferroelectric state in BTO, SCMO transforms from an antiferromagnetic semiconductor to a half-metal. Specially, altering the polarization direction not only controls the interfacial magnetic moment, but also changes the orbital occupancy of the Co-3d state. This novel multiple magnetoelectric coupling opens possibilities for designing new type of spintronic and microelectronic devices with controllable degree of freedom of interfacial electrons in the heterostructures.
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47
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Interface-induced multiferroism by design in complex oxide superlattices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5062-E5069. [PMID: 28607082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706814114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfaces between materials present unique opportunities for the discovery of intriguing quantum phenomena. Here, we explore the possibility that, in the case of superlattices, if one of the layers is made ultrathin, unexpected properties can be induced between the two bracketing interfaces. We pursue this objective by combining advanced growth and characterization techniques with theoretical calculations. Using prototype La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO)/BaTiO3 (BTO) superlattices, we observe a structural evolution in the LSMO layers as a function of thickness. Atomic-resolution EM and spectroscopy reveal an unusual polar structure phase in ultrathin LSMO at a critical thickness caused by interfacing with the adjacent BTO layers, which is confirmed by first principles calculations. Most important is the fact that this polar phase is accompanied by reemergent ferromagnetism, making this system a potential candidate for ultrathin ferroelectrics with ferromagnetic ordering. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the important role of spin-lattice coupling in LSMO. These results open up a conceptually intriguing recipe for developing functional ultrathin materials via interface-induced spin-lattice coupling.
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48
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Fina I, Quintana A, Padilla-Pantoja J, Martí X, Macià F, Sánchez F, Foerster M, Aballe L, Fontcuberta J, Sort J. Electric-Field-Adjustable Time-Dependent Magnetoelectric Response in Martensitic FeRh Alloy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15577-15582. [PMID: 28429588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steady or dynamic magnetoelectric response, selectable and adjustable by only varying the amplitude of the applied electric field, is found in a multiferroic FeRh/PMN-PT device. In-operando time-dependent structural, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric characterizations provide evidence that, as in magnetic shape memory martensitic alloys, the observed distinctive magnetoelectric responses are related to the time-dependent relative abundance of antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phases in FeRh, unbalanced by voltage-controlled strain. This flexible magnetoelectric response can be exploited not only for energy-efficient memory operations but also in other applications, where multilevel and/or transient responses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Fina
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Padilla-Pantoja
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Martí
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ferran Macià
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencio Sánchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility , Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility , Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Sun Y, Ba Y, Chen A, He W, Wang W, Zheng X, Zou L, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Yan L, Feng C, Zhang Q, Cai J, Wu W, Liu M, Gu L, Cheng Z, Nan CW, Qiu Z, Wu Y, Li J, Zhao Y. Electric-Field Modulation of Interface Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin Reorientation Transition in (Co/Pt) 3/PMN-PT Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10855-10864. [PMID: 28266829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report electric-field control of magnetism of (Co/Pt)3 multilayers involving perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with different Co-layer thicknesses grown on Pb(Mg,Nb)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) FE substrates. For the first time, electric-field control of the interface magnetic anisotropy, which results in the spin reorientation transition, was demonstrated. The electric-field-induced changes of the bulk and interface magnetic anisotropies can be understood by considering the strain-induced change of magnetoelastic energy and weakening of Pt 5d-Co 3d hybridization, respectively. We also demonstrate the role of competition between the applied magnetic field and the electric field in determining the magnetization of the sample with the coexistence phase. Our results demonstrate electric-field control of magnetism by harnessing the strain-mediated coupling in multiferroic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and are helpful for electric-field modulations of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and Rashba effect at interfaces to engineer new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - You Ba
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aitian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lvkuan Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qu Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lingjia Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ce Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaohua Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
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50
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Li P, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Chen A, Li D, Ma J, Liu Y, Pierce DT, Unguris J, Piao HG, Zhang H, Zhu M, Zhang X, Han X, Pan M, Nan CW. Spatially Resolved Ferroelectric Domain-Switching-Controlled Magnetism in Co 40Fe 40B 20/Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3) 0.7Ti 0.3O 3 Multiferroic Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2642-2649. [PMID: 28025891 PMCID: PMC5488254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity or phase separation in cuprates, manganites, etc., related to electronic and/or magnetic properties, has attracted much attention due to its significance in fundamental physics and applications. Here we use scanning Kerr microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis with in situ electric fields to reveal the existence of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity of the magnetic response to an electric field on a mesoscale with the coexistence of looplike (nonvolatile) and butterfly-like (volatile) behaviors in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (FM/FE) multiferroic heterostructures. Both the experimental results and micromagnetic simulations suggest that these two behaviors come from the 109° and the 71°/180° FE domain switching, respectively, which have a spatial distribution. This FE domain-switching-controlled magnetism is significant for understanding the nature of FM/FE coupling on the mesoscale and provides a path for designing magnetoelectric devices through domain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aitian Chen
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dalai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daniel T Pierce
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John Unguris
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meihong Zhu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengchun Pan
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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