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Zhao X, Mou C, Xu J, Cui W, Shi Y, Wang Y, Luo T, Guo W, Ye J, Chen W. Protection of Si Nanowires against A β Toxicity by the Inhibition of A β Aggregation. Molecules 2024; 29:1980. [PMID: 38731472 PMCID: PMC11085270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. Aβ1-42 is the main component of Aβ plaque, which is toxic to neuronal cells. Si nanowires (Si NWs) have the advantages of small particle size, high specific surface area, and good biocompatibility, and have potential application prospects in suppressing Aβ aggregation. In this study, we employed the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism to grow Si NWs using Au nanoparticles as catalysts in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. Subsequently, these Si NWs were transferred to a phosphoric acid buffer solution (PBS). We found that Si NWs significantly reduced cell death in PC12 cells (rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells) induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers via double staining with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorescein diacetate/propyl iodide (FDA/PI). Most importantly, pre-incubated Si NWs largely prevented Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced PC12 cell death, suggesting that Si NWs exerts an anti-Aβ neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Aβ aggregation. The analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results demonstrates that Si NWs reduce the toxicity of fibrils and oligomers by intervening in the formation of β-sheet structures, thereby protecting the viability of nerve cells. Our findings suggest that Si NWs may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD by protecting neuronal cells from the toxicity of Aβ1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chenye Mou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Yijing Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yangzhe Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tian Luo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (T.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (T.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (T.L.); (W.G.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wanghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
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Ivanov I, Skryshevsky V, Belarouci A. Engineering Porous Silicon-Based Microcavity for Chemical Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21265-21276. [PMID: 37332808 PMCID: PMC10268620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the authors theoretically and experimentally investigated ways to improve the efficiency of porous silicon (PS)-based optical microcavity sensors as a 1D/2D host matrix for electronic tongue/nose systems. The transfer matrix method was used to compute reflectance spectra of structures with different [nLnH] sets of low nL and high nH bilayer refractive indexes, the cavity position λc, and the number of bilayers Nbi. Sensor structures were prepared by electrochemically etching a silicon wafer. The kinetics of adsorption/desorption processes of ethanol-water-based solution was monitored in real time with a reflectivity probe-based setup. It was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the sensitivity of the microcavity sensor is higher for structures with refractive indexes in the lower range (and the corresponding porosity values in the upper range). The sensitivity is also improved for structures with the optical cavity mode (λc) adjusted toward longer wavelengths. The sensitivity of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with cavity increases for a structure with cavity position λc in the long wavelength region. The full width at half maximum (fwhmc) of the microcavity is smaller and the quality factor of microcavity (Qc) is higher for the DBR with a larger number of structure layers Nbi. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated data. We believe that our results can help in developing rapid, sensitive, and reversible electronic tongue/nose sensing devices based on a PS host matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Skryshevsky
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Ali Belarouci
- Univ
Lyon, ECL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Ecully 69130, France
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3
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Alhusaini Q, Scheld WS, Jia Z, Das D, Afzal F, Müller M, Schönherr H. Bare Eye Detection of Bacterial Enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Polymer Modified Nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1064. [PMID: 36551031 PMCID: PMC9776340 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication, characterization and application of a nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filter (pSiRF) loaded with an enzymatically degradable polymer is reported as a bare eye detection optical sensor for enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, which is devoid of any dyes. The nanopores of pSiRF were filled with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which, upon enzymatic degradation, resulted in a change in the effective refractive index of the pSiRF film, leading to a readily discernible color change of the sensor. The shifts in the characteristic fringe patterns before and after the enzymatic reaction were analyzed quantitatively by Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) to estimate the apparent kinetics and its dependence on enzyme concentration. A clear color change from green to blue was observed by the bare eye after PLA degradation by proteinase K. Moreover, the color change was further confirmed in measurements in bacterial suspensions of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) as well as in situ in the corresponding bacterial supernatants. This study highlights the potential of the approach in point of care bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Alhusaini
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Walter Sebastian Scheld
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Jia
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Dipankar Das
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Faria Afzal
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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Layouni R, Choudhury MH, Laibinis PE, Weiss SM. Thermally Carbonized Porous Silicon for Robust Label-Free DNA Optical Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:622-627. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb Layouni
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Moinul H. Choudhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
- Department of General Educational Development, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Paul E. Laibinis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 United States
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5
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Porous Silicon-Based Aptasensors: The Next Generation of Label-Free Devices for Health Monitoring. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122216. [PMID: 31200538 PMCID: PMC6630495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are artificial nucleic acid ligands identified and obtained from combinatorial libraries of synthetic nucleic acids through the in vitro process SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). Aptamers are able to bind an ample range of non-nucleic acid targets with great specificity and affinity. Devices based on aptamers as bio-recognition elements open up a new generation of biosensors called aptasensors. This review focuses on some recent achievements in the design of advanced label-free optical aptasensors using porous silicon (PSi) as a transducer surface for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and diagnostic molecules with high sensitivity, reliability and low limit of detection (LoD).
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Makiyan F, Rahimi F, Hajati M, Shafiekhani A, Rezayan AH, Ansari-Pour N. Label-free discrimination of single nucleotide changes in DNA by reflectometric interference Fourier transform spectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:714-720. [PMID: 31228854 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation - such as disease susceptibility and differential drug response - has a strong genetic component. Substantial effort has therefore been made to identify causal genomic variants explaining such variation among humans. Point mutations (PMs), which are single nucleotide changes in the genome, have been identified to be the most abundant form of causal genomic variants, making them useful, reliable diagnostic markers. Methods developed to genotype PMs have moved towards solid-phase assays, which not only show greater sensitivity and specificity, but also enable scalability and faster processing time. Most current assays are, however, based on fluorescent probes, which makes them relatively expensive. To develop a more cost-effective label-free genotyping method, we used a porous silicon (PSi) base as an efficient support for DNA biosensing and coupled it with reflectometric interference Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). To assess the versatility of this approach, we tested both a single nucleotide substitution in VKORC1 (-1639G > A; rs9923231) and a single nucleotide insertion in BRCA1 (5382insC; rs80357906). We demonstrate that the PSi-RIFTS method can efficiently detect both PM types with high sensitivity where hybridization of complementary DNA can be quantifiably differentiated from mismatch and non-complementary hybridization events. In addition, we show that the PSi base with immobilized DNA not only can be re-used to type further samples, but it also remains stable for 14 days, suggesting its potential for high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Makiyan
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Rahimi
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Hajati
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollah Shafiekhani
- Physics Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Rezayan
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Caroselli R, Ponce-Alcántara S, Quilez FP, Sánchez DM, Morán LT, Barres AG, Bellieres L, Bandarenka H, Girel K, Bondarenko V, García-Rupérez J. Experimental study of the sensitivity of a porous silicon ring resonator sensor using continuous in-flow measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31651-31659. [PMID: 29245836 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive photonic sensor based on a porous silicon ring resonator was developed and experimentally characterized. The photonic sensing structure was fabricated by exploiting a porous silicon double layer, where the top layer of a low porosity was used to form photonic elements by e-beam lithography and the bottom layer of a high porosity was used to confine light in the vertical direction. The sensing performance of the ring resonator sensor based on porous silicon was compared for the different resonances within the analyzed wavelength range both for transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations. We determined that a sensitivity up to 439 nm/RIU for low refractive index changes can be achieved depending on the optical field distribution given by each resonance/polarization.
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8
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Real-Time and In-Flow Sensing Using a High Sensitivity Porous Silicon Microcavity-Based Sensor. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122813. [PMID: 29206149 PMCID: PMC5751713 DOI: 10.3390/s17122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon seems to be an appropriate material platform for the development of high-sensitivity and low-cost optical sensors, as their porous nature increases the interaction with the target substances, and their fabrication process is very simple and inexpensive. In this paper, we present the experimental development of a porous silicon microcavity sensor and its use for real-time in-flow sensing application. A high-sensitivity configuration was designed and then fabricated, by electrochemically etching a silicon wafer. Refractive index sensing experiments were realized by flowing several dilutions with decreasing refractive indices, and measuring the spectral shift in real-time. The porous silicon microcavity sensor showed a very linear response over a wide refractive index range, with a sensitivity around 1000 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which allowed us to directly detect refractive index variations in the 10−7 RIU range.
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9
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Tenenbaum E, Segal E. Optical biosensors for bacteria detection by a peptidomimetic antimicrobial compound. Analyst 2016; 140:7726-33. [PMID: 26456237 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a label-free optical biosensor for rapid bacteria detection using a novel peptide-mimetic compound, as the recognition element. The biosensor design is based on an oxidized porous silicon (PSiO2) nanostructure used as the optical transducer, functionalized with the sequence K-[C12K]7 (referred to as K-7α12), which is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide. This compound is a member of a family of oligomers of acylated lysines (OAKs), mimicking the hydrophobicity and charge of natural antimicrobial peptides. The OAK is tethered to the PSiO2 film and the changes in the reflectivity spectrum are monitored upon exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial suspensions and their lysates. We show that capture of bacterial cell fragments induces predictable changes in the reflectivity spectrum, proportional to E. coli concentrations, thereby enabling rapid, sensitive and reproducible detection of E. coli at concentrations as low as 10(3) cells per mL. While for intact bacterial cells, the K-7α12-tethered PSiO2 shows a poor capturing ability, resulting in an insignificant optical response. The biosensor performance is also studied upon exposure to model Gram positive and negative bacterial lysates, suggesting preferential capture of E. coli cell fragments in the presented scheme. These OAK-based biosensors offer significant advantages in comparison with conventional antibody-based assays, in terms of their simple and cost-effective production, while providing numerous possible sequence combinations for designing new detection schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tenenbaum
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Zhao Y, Lawrie JL, Beavers KR, Laibinis PE, Weiss SM. Effect of DNA-induced corrosion on passivated porous silicon biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13510-13519. [PMID: 25089918 DOI: 10.1021/am502582s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the influence of charge density and surface passivation on the DNA-induced corrosion of porous silicon (PSi) waveguides in order to improve PSi biosensor sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility when exposed to negatively charged DNA molecules. Increasing the concentration of either DNA probes or targets enhances the corrosion process and masks binding events. While passivation of the PSi surface by oxidation and silanization is shown to diminish the corrosion rate and lead to a saturation in the changes by corrosion after about 2 h, complete mitigation can be achieved by replacing the DNA probe molecules with charge-neutral PNA probe molecules. A model to explain the DNA-induced corrosion behavior, consistent with experimental characterization of the PSi through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and prism coupling optical measurements, is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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11
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Guan B, Magenau A, Ciampi S, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Antibody Modified Porous Silicon Microparticles for the Selective Capture of Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1282-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500144u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Astrid Magenau
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Peter J. Reece
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
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12
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Description of an advantageous optical label-free biosensing interferometric read-out method to measure biological species. SENSORS 2014; 14:3675-89. [PMID: 24566633 PMCID: PMC3958242 DOI: 10.3390/s140203675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this article we report a new, simple, and reliable optical read-out detection method able to assess Rotavirus present in human sera as well as in the viral pollution sources. It is based on the interference of two interferometers used as biophotonic transducers. The method significantly improves the optical label-free biosensing response measuring both, the concentration of the AgR and its corresponding size. Two different immunoassays were carried out: Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and the recognition by its antibody (anti-BSA); and Rotavirus (AgR) and the recognition by its antibody (anti-AgR). In the cases studied, and using as model interferometer a simple Fabry-Perot transducer, we demonstrate a biosensing enhancement of two orders of magnitude in the Limit of Detection (LoD). In fact, this read-out optical method may have significant implications to enhance other optical label-free photonic transducers reported in the scientific literature.
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13
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Kim K, Murphy TE. Porous silicon integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide for biological and chemical sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:19488-19497. [PMID: 24105496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.019488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical waveguides comprised of nanoporous materials are uniquely suited for on-chip sensing applications, because they allow for a target chemical or analyte to directly infiltrate the optical material that comprises the core of the waveguide. We describe here the fabrication and characterization of nanoporous waveguides, and demonstrate their usefulness in measuring small changes in refractive index when exposed to a test analyte. We use a process of electrochemical etching and laser oxidation to produce channel waveguides and integrated on-chip Mach-Zehnder structures, and we compare the responsivity and interferometric stability of the integrated sensor to that of a fiber-based interferometer. We quantify the detection capability by selectively applying isopropanol to a 200 μm length waveguide segment in one arm of the interferometer, which produces a phase shift of 9.7 π. The integrated interferometer is shown to provide a more stable response in comparison to a comparable fiber-based implementation.
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Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:1-16. [PMID: 23622959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Ortega FJ, Bañuls MJ, Sanza FJ, Casquel R, Laguna MF, Holgado M, López-Romero D, Barrios CA, Maquieira Á, Puchades R. Biomolecular Interaction Analysis of Gestrinone-anti-Gestrinone Using Arrays of High Aspect Ratio SU-8 Nanopillars. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2012; 2:291-304. [PMID: 25585931 PMCID: PMC4263551 DOI: 10.3390/bios2030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, label-free biosensing for antibody screening by periodic lattices of high-aspect ratio SU-8 nano-pillars (BICELLs) is presented. As a demonstration, the determination of anti-gestrinone antibodies from whole rabbit serum is carried out, and for the first time, the dissociation constant (KD = 6 nM) of antigen-antibody recognition process is calculated using this sensing system. After gestrinone antigen immobilization on the BICELLs, the immunorecognition was performed. The cells were interrogated vertically by using micron spot size Fourier transform visible and IR spectrometry (FT-VIS-IR), and the dip wavenumber shift was monitored. The biosensing assay exhibited good reproducibility and sensitivity (LOD = 0.75 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Sanza
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Sur, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| | - Rafael Casquel
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Sur, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| | - María Fe Laguna
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Sur, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| | - Miguel Holgado
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Sur, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| | - David López-Romero
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Carlos A Barrios
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
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Naveas N, Costa VT, Gallach D, Hernandez-Montelongo J, Palma RJM, Garcia-Ruiz JP, Manso-Silván M. Chemical stabilization of porous silicon for enhanced biofunctionalization with immunoglobulin. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2012; 13:045009. [PMID: 27877509 PMCID: PMC5090565 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/4/045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) is widely used in biological experiments, owing to its biocompatibility and well-established fabrication methods that allow tailoring its surface. Nevertheless, there are some unresolved issues such as deciding whether the stabilization of PSi is necessary for its biological applications and evaluating the effects of PSi stabilization on the surface biofunctionalization with proteins. In this work we demonstrate that non-stabilized PSi is prone to detachment owing to the stress induced upon biomolecular adsorption. Biofunctionalized non-stabilized PSi loses the interference properties characteristic of a thin film, and groove-like structures resulting from a final layer collapse were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, direct PSi derivatization with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS) does not stabilize PSi against immunoglobulin biofunctionalization. To overcome this problem, we developed a simple chemical process of stabilizing PSi (CoxPSi) for biological applications, which has several advantages over thermal stabilization (ToxPSi). The process consists of chemical oxidation in H2O2, surface derivatization with APTS and a curing step at 120 °C. This process offers integral homogeneous PSi morphology, hydrophilic surface termination (contact angle θ = 26°) and highly efficient derivatized and biofunctionalized PSi surfaces (six times more efficient than ToxPSi). All these features are highly desirable for biological applications, such as biosensing, where our results can be used for the design and optimization of the biomolecular immobilization cascade on PSi surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Naveas
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Torres Costa
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dario Gallach
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Hernandez-Montelongo
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Jose Martín Palma
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Manso-Silván
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Label-free biosensing by means of periodic lattices of high aspect ratio SU-8 nano-pillars. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2553-8. [PMID: 20478700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed biophotonic sensing arrays of 60x60 microm(2) made of periodic lattices of high aspect ratio SU-8 nano-pillars in order to demonstrate their capability for label-free molecule detection, as well as the sensitivity enhancement in comparison with a single layer of SU-8. The biophotonic sensing arrays, that we call BICELLs (Biophotonic sensing cells), are interrogated vertically by using micron spot size Fourier transform visible and IR spectrometry (FT-VIS-IR). We monitored the surface immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) antigen and anti-BSA antibody (aBSA) recognition. The bioassay exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) in the order of 2 ng/ml limited by the wavenumber uncertainty during the interrogation process. We also estimated and compared the theoretical biolayer thickness with previous results.
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Singh S, Sharma SN, Shivaprasad SM, Lal M, Khan MA. Nanostructured porous silicon as functionalized material for biosensor application. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20 Suppl 1:S181-S187. [PMID: 18597160 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work by means of PL, FTIR and XPS techniques, state-of-the-art porous silicon (PS) films with good mechanical and optical properties have been effectively utilized for the biofunctionalization purpose for its possible application in immunosensors. The functionalization of the PS surface has been achieved by silanization process using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) as a precursor. The presence of reactive amino groups on the PS surface along with glutaraldehyde as a linker aids in the covalent binding of the antibody (Human IgG) onto the PS surface. Different antigen concentrations can be detected with a good reproducibility with this technique which opens a huge possibility of using this biofunctionalized material for future biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Electronic Materials Division, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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19
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Wet Chemical Approaches for Chemical Functionalization of Semiconductor Nanostructures. ELECTROCHEMISTRY AT THE NANOSCALE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73582-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kilian KA, Böcking T, Gooding JJ. The importance of surface chemistry in mesoporous materials: lessons from porous silicon biosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:630-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b815449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Porous Silicon Based Resonant Mirrors for Biochemical Sensing. SENSORS 2008; 8:6549-6556. [PMID: 27873885 PMCID: PMC3707466 DOI: 10.3390/s8106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on our preliminary results in the realization and characterization of a porous silicon (PSi) resonant mirror (RM) for optical biosensing. We have numerically and experimentally studied the coupling between the electromagnetic field, totally reflected at the base of a high refractive index prism, and the optical modes of a PSi waveguide. This configuration is very sensitive to changes in the refractive index and/or in thickness of the sensor surface. Due to the high specific area of the PSi waveguide, very low DNA concentrations can be detected confirming that the RM could be a very sensitive and label-free optical biosensor.
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Voelcker NH, Alfonso I, Ghadiri MR. Catalyzed Oxidative Corrosion of Porous Silicon Used as an Optical Transducer for Ligand–Receptor Interactions. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1776-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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DNA Optical Detection Based on Porous Silicon Technology: from Biosensors to Biochips. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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