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Li X, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Qiu J, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. Association between dietary antioxidant capacity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:16. [PMID: 38553719 PMCID: PMC10981302 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have been linked to a lower type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the overall dietary antioxidant capacity, assessed by dietary antioxidant quality scores (DAQS) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), related to T2DM risk, especially in populations consuming relatively monotonous diets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of DAQS, DTAC, and T2DM among rural Chinese adults. METHODS Data from 12,467 participants from the Natural Population Cohort of Northwest China: Ningxia Project was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DAQS were calculated based on vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) intake. DTAC was estimated using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DAQS and DTAC with T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess potential non-linear relationships between DTAC and T2DM. RESULTS T2DM was observed in 1,238 (9.9%) participants. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest tertiles (T1) of DAQS, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were 1.03 (95% CI 0.82-1.30) in T2 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.06) in T3 (P = 0.010). Compared to T1, the ORs for T2DM in the highest T3 were 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.91, P-trend = 0.008) for vitamin A, 1.34 (95% CI 1.15-1.56, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.97, P-trend = 0.007) for Se, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-1.01, P-trend = 0.033) for Zn. Compared to the lowest quartile(Q1) of DTAC, the OR in the highest Q4 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.80-1.17, P-trend = 0.024) for T2DM. A non-linear relationship was observed between DATC and T2DM. CONCLUSION Higher DAQS and DATC were associated with a lower T2DM risk, suggesting that consuming antioxidant-rich foods may reduce the T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yixuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
- School of Public Health of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China.
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Chen P, Song XJ. Vitamins in neuropathy: pathophysiological and therapeutic roles. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:388-393. [PMID: 37639435 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitamin deficiency is a risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy, which leads to complex and severe diseases. This review provides an update overview of the literature on the roles of vitamins in peripheral neuropathy, highlighting their pathophysiological and therapeutic roles. RECENT FINDINGS The importance and clinical manifestations and implications of the vitamins and vitamin deficiencies are further demonstrated in peripheral neuropathy and the associated diseases. Vitamin deficiency is common in various severe and complex diseases such as diabetes, chemotherapy, acute nutritional axonal neuropathy, dermatitis, complex regional pain syndrome, postherpetic neuralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and so forth and some rare clinical case reports. There is evidence that deficiencies of almost all vitamins are associated with diabetic neuropathy. Vitamin supplementation may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy. SUMMARY The vitamins play critical roles in maintaining physiological functions, and vitamin deficiencies cause peripheral neuropathy with various severe and complex diseases. The therapeutic benefits of vitamins and further understanding of the mechanisms for vitamin treatment effects should be emphasized and highlighted. More clinical trials are needed to establish optimal treatment strategies for vitamins in the various neuropathies. A large range of people/patients screening for vitamin deficiencies may be considered in order to provide early diagnosis and timely medical assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Iqbal M, Lin Z, Nawaz S, Xu M, Hu M, Bhutto ZA, Li J. The Effect of Lactobacillus sakei on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health in Dogs: Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10160-9. [PMID: 37740881 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is the largest and most complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms, which influenced by various external factors. As an important probiotic species, Lactobacillus helps to improve gut microbial diversity and composition, underlying potential efficacy in growth performance and disease prevention. However, limited studies have been investigated the relationship between Lactobacillus sakei and intestinal health in dogs. In this study, dogs in the two groups were fed a standard diet (group C, n = 8) and Lactobacillus sakei diet (group P, n = 8), respectively. The growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and metabolism of dogs in both groups were studied. Results from growth trials showed that L. sakei can significantly improve the growth performance of dogs, including increased weight gain (p < 0.05), serum biochemical indices, i.e., ALP, TP, and ALB (p < 0.05), and better antioxidant capacity, i.e., SOD and GSH-Px (p < 0.05). Significant changes in the gut microbial composition were detected in dogs fed Lactobacillus sakei, as evidenced by an increase in the level of Firmicutes, Spirochaetota, and Patescibacteria, all of them play an important role in maintaining intestinal health. Moreover, a decrease in the level of microorganisms that threaten health, such as Mucispirillum and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13. The metabolic analysis showed that the Lactobacillus sakei enhanced metabolic pathways such as vitamin B6 metabolism, glutathione metabolism, retinol metabolism, and fatty acid degradation. Our findings suggested that Lactobacillus sakei supplementation had beneficial effects on the growth performance and health status of dogs by improving gut microbiota balance and promoting metabolism. There are an estimated 200 million dogs in China, and the population is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. It is essential to explore an effective way to promote health in dogs. Intestinal diseases, particularly colitis and diarrhea, are common clinical conditions in dogs and are associated with gut microbiota. Lactobacillus sakei, as an important species of probiotics, the relationship between L. sakei and intestinal health in dogs remains unclear. Our study suggests that L. sakei significantly promotes growth performance and health states involving weight gain, regulation of gut microbiota, and metabolism. Overall, our findings shed light on the potential role of L. sakei as an alternative in promoting health in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Miao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Yu G, Wang J, Liu Y, Luo T, Meng X, Zhang R, Huang B, Sun Y, Zhang J. Metabolic perturbations in pregnant rats exposed to low-dose perfluorooctanesulfonic acid: An integrated multi-omics analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107851. [PMID: 36863164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging epidemiological evidence has linked per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure could be linked to the disturbance of gestational glucolipid metabolism, but the toxicological mechanism is unclear, especially when the exposure is at a low level. This study examined the glucolipid metabolic changes in pregnant rats treated with relatively low dose perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) through oral gavage during pregnancy [gestational day (GD): 1-18]. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic perturbation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical tests were performed to assess the glucose homeostasis and serum lipid profiles in pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats randomly assigned to starch, 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg·bw·d groups. Transcriptome sequencing combined with non-targeted metabolomic assays were further performed to identify differentially altered genes and metabolites in the liver of maternal rats, and to determine their correlation with the maternal metabolic phenotypes. Results of transcriptome showed that differentially expressed genes at 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg·bw·d PFOS exposure were related to several metabolic pathways, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling, ovarian steroid synthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, insulin resistance, cholesterol metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, bile acid secretion. The untargeted metabolomics identified 164 and 158 differential metabolites in 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg·bw·d exposure groups, respectively under negative ion mode of Electrospray Ionization (ESI-), which could be enriched in metabolic pathways such as α-linolenic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glycerolipid metabolism, glucagon signaling pathway, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Co-enrichment analysis indicated that PFOS exposure may disturb the metabolism pathways of glycerolipid, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, linoleic acid, steroid biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine. The key involved genes included down-regulated Ppp1r3c and Abcd2, and up-regulated Ogdhland Ppp1r3g, and the key metabolites such as increased glycerol 3-phosphate and lactosylceramide were further identified. Both of them were significantly associated with maternal fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. Our findings may provide mechanistic clues for clarifying metabolic toxicity of PFOS in human, especially for susceptible population such as pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Xi Meng
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Fatima MT, Bhat AA, Nisar S, Fakhro KA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. The role of dietary antioxidants in type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders: An assessment of the benefit profile. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12698. [PMID: 36632095 PMCID: PMC9826852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy diet is vital to cellular health. The human body succumbs to numerous diseases which afflict severe economic and psychological burdens on the patient and family. Oxidative stress is a possible crucial regulator of various pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger the dysregulation of essential cellular functions, ultimately affecting cellular health and homeostasis. However, lower levels of ROS can be advantageous and are implicated in a variety of signaling pathways. Due to this dichotomy, the terms oxidative "eustress," which refers to a good oxidative event, and "distress," which can be hazardous, have developed. ROS affects multiple signaling pathways, leading to compromised insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. ROS is also associated with increased mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, aggravating neurodegenerative conditions in the body, particularly with age. Treatment includes drugs/therapies often associated with dependence, side effects including non-selectivity, and possible toxicity, particularly in the long run. It is imperative to explore alternative medicines as an adjunct therapy, utilizing natural remedies/resources to avoid all the possible harms. Antioxidants are vital components of our body that fight disease by reducing oxidative stress or nullifying the excess toxic free radicals produced under various pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant effects of components of dietary foods such as tea, coffee, wine, oils, and honey and the role and mechanism of action of these antioxidants in alleviating type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. We aim to provide information about possible alternatives to drug treatments used alone or combined to reduce drug intake and encourage the consumption of natural ingredients at doses adequate to promote health and combat pathologies while reducing unwanted risks and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tamkeen Fatima
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Adnan Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar,Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Sarah Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author.
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Ye L, Hu P, Feng LP, Huang LL, Wang Y, Yan X, Xiong J, Xia HL. Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010281. [PMID: 36615475 PMCID: PMC9821889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease in which protein, fat, carbohydrates and other substances are metabolized in a disorderly way. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid found in many vegetables, fruits, cereals and Chinese herbs that has a strong effect on ameliorating MetS. However, no review has summarized the mechanisms of FA in treating MetS. This review collected articles related to the effects of FA on ameliorating the common symptoms of MetS, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and obesity, from different sources involving Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, etc. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of FA in improving various metabolic disorders according to the collected articles. FA ameliorates diabetes via the inhibition of the expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase and GP, the upregulation of the expressions of GK and GS, and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway. The decrease of blood pressure is related to the endothelial function of the aortas and RAAS. The improvement of the lipid spectrum is mediated via the suppression of the HMG-Co A reductase, by promoting the ACSL1 expression and by the regulation of the factors associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, FA inhibits obesity by upregulating the MEK/ERK pathway, the MAPK pathway and the AMPK signaling pathway and by inhibiting SREBP-1 expression. This review can be helpful for the development of FA as an appreciable agent for MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (H.-L.X.); Tel.: +86-182-2442-7340 (P.H.); +86-135-6889-9011 (H.-L.X.)
| | - Li-Ping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li-Lu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Hou-Lin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (H.-L.X.); Tel.: +86-182-2442-7340 (P.H.); +86-135-6889-9011 (H.-L.X.)
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Wang R, Jian Q, Hu G, Du R, Xu X, Zhang F. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal Metabolic Patterns in Retina of STZ-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy Mouse Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121245. [PMID: 36557283 PMCID: PMC9782096 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population, exhibits unique metabolite profiles in human plasma and vitreous. However, those in retina are not fully understood. Here, we utilized liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology to explore metabolite characteristics of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice retina. A total of 145 metabolites differed significantly in diabetic retinas compared with controls. These metabolites are mainly enriched in the Warburg effect, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. To further identify underlying regulators, RNA sequencing was performed to integrate metabolic enzyme alterations with metabolomics in STZ-induced diabetic retina. Retinol metabolism and tryptophan metabolism are the shared pathways enriched by metabolome and transcriptome. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis identified 71 differentially expressed enzyme-related genes including Hk2, Slc7a5, Aldh1a3 and Tph integrated with altered metabolic pathways. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms within 6 out of 71 genes are associated with increased diabetes risk. This study lays the foundation for mechanism research and the therapeutic target development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qizhi Jian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guangyi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (F.Z.)
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Zhang Y, Tian K, Chen G. Replenishment of vitamin A for 7 days partially restored hepatic gene expressions altered by its deficiency in rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999323. [PMID: 36276822 PMCID: PMC9583942 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) status on metabolism of Zucker rats with different genders and genotypes, and of short-term refeeding of a VA sufficient (VAS) diet on VA deficient (VAD) animals. First, male and female Zucker lean (ZL) and fatty (ZF) rats at weaning were fed a VAD or VAS diet for 8 weeks. Second, male VAD ZL rats were fed a VAS diet for 3 (VAD-VAS3d) or 7 (VAD-VAS7d) days. The body weight (BW), blood parameters, and hepatic expressions of genes for metabolism were determined. VA deficiency reduced BW gain in ZL and ZF rats of either gender. VAD ZL rats had lower plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels than VAS ZL rats. VAD-VAS3d and VAD-VAS7d rats had higher plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels than that in the VAD rats. The hepatic mRNA levels of Gck, Cyp26a1, Srebp-1c, Igf1, Rarb, Rxra, Rxrg, Pparg, and Ppard were lowered by VA deficiency. Refeeding of the VAS diet for 3 days restored the Gck and Cyp26a1 expressions, and for 7 days restored the Gck, Cyp26a1, Igf1, and Rxrb expressions significantly. The 7-day VA replenishment partially restored the hepatic gene expressions and metabolic changes in VAD ZL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Tian
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Li MC. Associations between Adherence to the Taiwan Dietary Reference Intakes of Micronutrients and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12242. [PMID: 36231543 PMCID: PMC9566350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were established as guidance for the intake of micronutrients and other nutrients. However, how DRIs affect disease status has not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between adherence to the DRIs of selected micronutrients and type 2 diabetes. A populational and cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2013-2016. A total of 14 nutrient intakes, including those for vitamin A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus, were evaluated using the 24 h dietary recall method. Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting serum HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher and excluded participants who had received treatments for type 2 diabetes or reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes by physicians to avoid the possible inverse association. A total of 2685 participants aged 19 and above were included in the final analysis. After adjusting for confounders, we found that adherence to the DRI of vitamin A was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes among men. The odds ratio (OR) was 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42-0.99) compared with men who did not adhere to the DRI. As for women, we found that adherence to the DRI of vitamin B1 was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The OR was 0.59 (95% CI = 0.35-0.97) compared with that for women who did not adhere to the DRI. This study showed that adherence to Taiwan DRIs of vitamin A for men and vitamin B1 for women might have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Li
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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Xiong R, Yuan Y, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Ha J, Han X, Wang W, He M. Micronutrients and Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence From The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and a Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 238:141-156. [PMID: 35033539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between circulating micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, E, and carotenoids) and risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). DESIGN Cross-sectional study and meta-analysis. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 517 diabetic participants aged ≥40 years in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum vitamin D was converted to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-equivalent results, while other micronutrients were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Presence of DR was determined based on non-mydriatic fundus photographs. A meta-analysis was subsequently performed, which included relevant studies published from January 01, 1990 to December 31, 2020. RESULTS Of the 517 included participants, DR was identified in 159 participants (25.17%). After adjusting for multiple confounders, only serum vitamin C was associated with a lower risk of DR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.95). A total of 35 studies were included in the subsequent meta-analysis. Comparing 1056 participants with DR to 920 controls, the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of vitamin C was -11.01 (95% CI: -19.35 to -2.67). Regarding vitamins D and E, the pooled WMD was -3.06 (95% CI: -5.15 to -0.96) and -3.03 (95% CI: -4.24 to -1.82), respectively. No associations were identified between DR and circulating vitamin A or carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of circulating vitamins C, D, and E were found in DR patients than those without. More high-quality studies are required to assess the real effects of micronutrients on DR.
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Kheriji N, Boukhalfa W, Mahjoub F, Hechmi M, Dakhlaoui T, Mrad M, Hadj Salah Bahlous A, Ben Amor N, Jamoussi H, Kefi R. The Role of Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Importance of Macro and Micronutrients in Glucose Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102132. [PMID: 35631273 PMCID: PMC9143672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Genetics and lifestyle, especially diet, are contributing factors. Analyses of macro- and micronutrient intake across global populations may help to explain their impact on glucose homeostasis and disease development. To this end, 420 Tunisians were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study of daily food consumption. Various data were collected and blood samples were drawn for biochemical assay. A 24-h recall questionnaire was obtained from participants to evaluate dietary intake. Statistical analyses were conducted using Nutrilog and R software. Biochemical analyses stratified the studied population (n = 371) into three groups: diabetics (n = 106), prediabetics (n = 192) and controls (n = 73); 49 subjects were excluded. Our results showed that Tunisians had hypercaloric diets high in carbohydrates and fat with variability in the levels of some vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin and niacin, that were statistically different among groups. The lower intake of vitamin D was associated with a greater risk of T2D. Higher vitamin A and sodium intake were associated with poor glucose homeostasis, although protein intake may improve it. In perspective, nutrigenomic studies can provide insight into problematic diets and poor eating habits and offer opportunities to analyze the effects of behavioral changes that can mitigate T2D development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kheriji
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
| | - Wided Boukhalfa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
| | - Faten Mahjoub
- National Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (F.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Meriem Hechmi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Thouraya Dakhlaoui
- Regional Association of Diabetics of Zaghouan-Regional Hospital of Zaghouan, Zaghwān 1100, Tunisia;
| | - Mehdi Mrad
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Hormonology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Afef Hadj Salah Bahlous
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, EL Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (M.M.); (A.H.S.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Hormonology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Research Unit UR18ES01 on “Obesity”, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- National Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology of Tunis, Service “A” of Nutritional Diseases, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (F.M.); (H.J.)
- Research Unit UR18ES01 on “Obesity”, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (N.K.); (W.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Tang X, Hu X, Wang J, Chen G. Reduction in the Dietary VA Status Prevents Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040528. [PMID: 35454117 PMCID: PMC9032907 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the vitamin A (VA) status regulates type 2 diabetes (T2D) development in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Zucker Lean and ZDF rats at weaning were fed a VA deficient with basal fat (VAD-BF, no VA and 22.1% fat energy), VA marginal with BF (VAM-BF, 0.35 mg retinyl palmitate (RP)/kg), VA sufficient with BF (VAS-BF, 4.0 mg RP/kg), VAD with high fat (VAD-HF, 60% fat energy), VAM-HF or VAS-HF diet for 8 weeks, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at week 7.5. The hepatic mRNA and proteins levels were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The VAD-BF/HF and VAM-BF/HF diets prevented peripheral hyperglycemia and attenuated obesity in ZDF rats, which occurred in the presence of the VAS-BF/HF diets. This lowered VA status reduced venous blood hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, and improved OGTT and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance results in ZDF rats. The expression levels of key hepatic genes for glucose and fat metabolism were regulated by VA status and dietary fat contents. An interaction between VA and HF condition was also observed. We conclude that the reduction in the dietary VA status in both BF and HF conditions prevents T2D and obesity in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xia Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-865-974-6257
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Luo WM, Zhang ZP, Zhang W, Su JY, Gao XQ, Liu X, Wang WY, Jiang CT, Fang ZZ. The Association of Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy in Homocysteine Cycle in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883845. [PMID: 35846275 PMCID: PMC9276920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the impacts of the Hcy pathway on this relationship against this background. METHODS This study retrieved 1979 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of Hcy cycle on the relationship between Hcy and DR. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between risk factors related to DR progression and Hcy. Finally, the results of logistic regression were supplemented by mediation analysis. RESULTS We found there was a negative correlation between low concentration of Hcy and DR (OR : 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1). After stratifying all patients by cysteine (Cys) or Methionine (Met), this relationship remained significant only in low concentration of Cys (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.94). Through the RCS curve, we found that the effect of Hcy on DR presents a U-shaped curve relationship. Mediating effect in Met and Hcy cycles was also significant [Total effect c (OR: 0.968, 95%CI: 0.938-0.998), Direct effect path c' (OR: 0.969, 95%CI: 0.940-0.999), Path a (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 1.004-1.091), Path b (OR: 0.964, 95%CI: 0.932-0.998)]. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between Hcy and DR presents a U-shaped curve and the homocysteine cycle pathway has an impact on it. And too low concentration of Hcy indicates a lack of other substances, such as vitamins. It is suggested that the progression of DR is the result of a combination of many risk factors. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yang Su
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang-Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Ze Fang,
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Chen Q, Liu Y, Chen L, Chen J, Yang T, Cheng Q, Li T. Vitamin A Levels Among Pre-School Children of Central and Western China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:694106. [PMID: 34552903 PMCID: PMC8450327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.694106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate vitamin A deficiency of pre-school children in central and western China for developing strategies to prevent and control vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children. Design: From November 2018 to September 2019, a total of 2,194 healthy children aged 2-6 years were enrolled. Serum retinol levels in the children were detected by liquid-phase tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, social demographic and dietary questionnaires were collected through interviews with children's caregivers. Setting: The participants were enrolled in 12 cities or their subordinate jurisdictions in the central and western regions of China. Participants: Two thousand one hundred and ninety four healthy children aged 2-6 years old. Results: Overall, 35.51% (779/2,194) of the children were found to be vitamin A insufficient (VAI, serum retinol < 1.05 μmol/L). Elder children had a higher risk to suffer from VAI, with proportions of 25.00% (87/348), 28.92% (142/491), 38.38% (256/667), and 42.73% (294/688) among children aged 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Vitamin A levels were also positively correlated with per capita income (AOR = 1.18) and regional economic level (0.71), and the frequency of milk intake (0.91). Conclusions: The incidence of VAI was higher among children aged 2-6 years, and the incidence of VAI increases with age. VA levels were positively correlated with levels of economic development in the family and region. So prevention strategies for VAD need to focus on pre-school children, especially dairy intake and developing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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Chen G. The Interactions of Insulin and Vitamin A Signaling Systems for the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082160. [PMID: 34440929 PMCID: PMC8393264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have become a concern of public health. Nutrition plays a key role in these concerns. Insulin as an anabolic hormonal was discovered exactly 100 years ago due to its activity in controlling blood glucose level. Vitamin A (VA), a lipophilic micronutrient, has been shown to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. VA's physiological roles are mainly mediated by its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are two transcription factors. The VA status and activations of RARs and RXRs by RA and synthetic agonists have shown to affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models. Both insulin and RA signaling systems regulate the expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Interactions of insulin and RA signaling systems have been observed. This review is aimed at summarizing the history of diabetes, insulin and VA signaling systems; the effects of VA status and activation of RARs and RXRs on metabolism and RAR and RXR phosphorylation; and possible interactions of insulin and RA in the regulation of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, some future research perspectives for understanding of nutrient and hormone interactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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