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Lai J, Park E, Amabile CJ, Boyce SC, Fielding-Miller R, Swendeman D, Oaks L, Marvel D, Majnoonian A, Silverman J, Wagman J. "They Don't See Us": Asian Students' Perceptions of Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment on Three California Public University Campuses. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241235912. [PMID: 38470066 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Sexual violence and sexual harassment (SVSH) are prevalent among college and university students; however, the experiences of ethnic minority students, especially Asians, are understudied. This study aimed to reduce this gap by exploring Asian students' perceptions of SVSH on three public university campuses in Southern California. We examined their perceptions about the campus environment related to SVSH, attitudes, and behaviors toward help seeking, and utilization of on-campus resources. A total of 23 in-depth interviews were conducted with Asian students enrolled at the three University of California campuses. Thematic coding was conducted to generate main themes and subthemes. Five main themes emerged: (a) SVSH is considered a "taboo" topic in Asian culture and family systems, and Asian student survivors are often reluctant to disclose incidents or seek support services. (b) Students did not feel their campus environments were tailored to understand or meet the sociocultural realities and needs of Asian student survivors. (c) Campus SVSH services and reporting processes were seen as non-transparent. (d) Peers were the major source of support and SVSH information, as opposed to official campus-based resources and training. (e) Survivors often conduct an internal cost-benefit analysis evaluating their decision about whether to report. This study highlights the lack of conversation surrounding SVSH in Asian families, and how the cultural stigma of sex and sexual violence prevented Asian students from receiving knowledge and resources about these topics in their families. Instead of relying on formal campus resources (e.g., Title IX and confidential advocacy services, mental health services), many students turn to their peers for support. Thus, facilitating peer support groups, training university students to support each other through SVSH incidents, and tailoring campus services to the diverse cultural backgrounds of students are key considerations to foster a safe campus environment and prevent SVSH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laury Oaks
- University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Araz Majnoonian
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- San Diego State University, CA, USA
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Hill AV, Hill AL, Jackson Z, Gilreath TD, Fields A, Miller E. Adolescent Relationship Abuse, Gender Equitable Attitudes, Condom and Contraception Use Self-Efficacy Among Adolescent Girls. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22329-NP22351. [PMID: 35324369 PMCID: PMC9549914 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Experiencing adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) negatively impacts sexual health and influences risk behaviors of adolescent girls. ARA may be associated with more inequitable gender attitudes among girls, a potentially modifiable factor in violence prevention. This study examines the association among gender equitable attitudes, experiences of ARA, and sexual behaviors among girls participating in Sisterhood 2.0, a community-based violence prevention program implemented in low resource neighborhoods. Methods: Data were from baseline surveys collected for Sisterhood 2.0 implemented in Pittsburgh, PA. Participant demographics, gender equitable attitudes, self-efficacy to use condoms with partners, and self-efficacy to select appropriate contraception were assessed. A latent class analysis (LCA) estimated probability of responses to nine indicators, including sexual behavior self-efficacy and violence. Multigroup LCA by grade (9-12) was also estimated and analyses were performed with SAS V9.4. Results: Female-identified adolescents ages 13-19 (n = 246) were primarily Black (75%) and evenly distributed across grade in school. Sixty-five percent reported emotional relationship abuse and 31% reported physical abuse within the previous nine months. A three-class solution was best fitting for the LCA. Experiences of violence were related to less equitable gender attitudes, being sexually active, and lower condom and contraception self-efficacy. Younger participants who were sexual minorities with less educated heads of household had more experiences with ARA and less equitable gender attitudes. Discussion: Gender equitable attitudes were lower in adolescent girls with greater experiences of ARA and worse condom and contraception self-efficacy. Integrating discussions about healthy sexual relationships and gender equity may be salient factors in violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V. Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amber L. Hill
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Jackson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Whitlowe R. Green College of Education, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - Tamika D. Gilreath
- Transdisciplinary Center for Health Equity Research, College of Health and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alana Fields
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Anderson KM, Tsuyuki K, Fernandez DeSoto A, Stockman JK. The Effect of Adverse Mental Health and Resilience on Perceived Stress by Sexual Violence History. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084796. [PMID: 35457663 PMCID: PMC9029884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence, including nonconsensual sexual initiation and rape, remains pervasive, with impacts including adverse mental health and dysregulated stress response. Resilience is a promising interventional target. To advance the science, we examined the potential for resilience as an interventional tool by estimating associations between resilience, adverse mental health, and perceived stress among women by sexual violence history and partner perpetration. We analyzed 2018−2020 baseline survey data from 65 women enrolled in a prospective case-control study of sexual violence and HIV susceptibility in San Diego, CA. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine associations, stratified by sexual violence history. About half of women experienced nonconsensual sexual initiation and/or rape; half of rapes were partner-perpetrated. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with perceived stress among survivors (in regressions with depression and resilience, nonconsensual initiation: β = 6.514, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.616; rape: β = 5.075, p = 0.030, R2 = 0.611). Resilience was associated with lower perceived stress for all women; the effect appeared stronger among survivors of sexual violence (nonconsensual initiation: β = −0.599, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.452, p = 0.019; rape: β = −0.624, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.421, p = 0.027). Partner perpetration of rape was not associated with perceived stress. Our findings support leveraging resilience and addressing PTSD to reduce perceived stress among women with lifetime experiences of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Alexandra Fernandez DeSoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
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Sexual Assault. Fam Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Iles IA, Waks L, Atwell Seate A, Hundal S, Irions A. The Unintended Consequences of Rape Disclosure: The Effects of Disclosure Content, Listener Gender, and Year in College on Listener's Reactions. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4022-NP4048. [PMID: 29936896 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518781799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rape is prevalent on American college campuses. Rape survivors often disclose their experience to their peers in hope of receiving support and obtaining justice (i.e., the intended consequences of disclosure). Yet, rape disclosures may also lead to unintended consequences, such as stigma. How peers react to survivors' disclosures of rape greatly influences survivors' recovery and their decision to press charges against their perpetrators. In this article, we explore gender differences in responses to rape disclosures. Using an experimental design (N = 391), we investigate reactions to stigmatizing (versus nonstigmatizing) rape disclosures. We find that, when controlling for the experimental condition, college men stigmatize the rape survivor more than college women. However, in response to a stigmatizing (versus nonstigmatizing) rape disclosure, college women who have been in college longer, compared with college men, have more stigmatizing reactions toward the person disclosing that information. Their reactions then predict increased social distance between the recipient of the disclosure and rape survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Waks
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
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Stockman JK, Anderson KM, Karris MY, Benson CA, Tsuyuki K, Granger DA, Weber A, Ghosh M. The Role of Stress and Genital Immunity in Sexual Trauma and HIV Susceptibility Among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women (The THRIVE Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Case-Control Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18190. [PMID: 32903198 PMCID: PMC7752525 DOI: 10.2196/18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk has been extensively documented through social and behavioral research; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the THRIVE (Trauma and HIV Risk: Investigating Stress and the Immune Disruption of the Vaginal Environment) Study is to examine the impact of sexual trauma due to sexual violence on HIV susceptibility through dysregulation of soluble inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV biomarkers in the female genital tract and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis among adolescent girls and adult women. METHODS The THRIVE Study is a longitudinal case-control study conducted in San Diego, CA, among a racially diverse sample. Cases are adolescent girls (aged 14-19 years) or adult women (aged 20-45 years) who have experienced forced vaginal penetration by a phallus perpetrated by a man within the past 15 days. Controls are adolescent girls or adult women who have engaged in consensual vaginal sex with a man within the past 15 days. At baseline and 1- and 3-month follow-up study visits, participants undergo a urine-based pregnancy test; venipuncture blood draw for HIV, C-reactive protein, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and progesterone testing; a 45-min interviewer-administered computer survey; and cervicovaginal lavage to measure proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV soluble immune biomarkers. After each study visit, participants self-collect saliva specimens (upon waking, 30 min after waking, and 45 min after waking) at home for 3 consecutive days, which are later assayed for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Participants receive compensation at each study visit and for the return of saliva specimens, and a list of local medical and support services. Study procedures use trauma-informed care methods, given the sensitive nature of the study and enrollment of women in the acute phase after sexual trauma. All research staff and investigators adhere to ethical principles and guidelines in the conduct of research activities. Data will be analyzed for descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS The recruitment of participants is ongoing. The publication of the first results is expected by late 2021. CONCLUSIONS The THRIVE Study will provide foundational knowledge on how sexual trauma due to sexual violence increases susceptibility to HIV acquisition via alterations in cervicovaginal immune regulation and the psychobiology of the stress responses. These findings will inform future research on mechanistic models of in vitro and in vivo injury and cervicovaginal wound healing processes, which may lead to the development of nonvaccine biomedical HIV prevention products for girls and women. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila K Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Katherine M Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maile Y Karris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Constance A Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akilah Weber
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Sexual Assault. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Basile KC, Smith SG, Fowler DN, Walters ML, Hamburger ME. Sexual Violence Victimization and Associations with Health in a Community Sample of African American Women. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2016; 25:231-253. [PMID: 29606850 PMCID: PMC5875442 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2015.1079283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists on the relationship between sexual violence victimization and health among African American women. Using data from a community sample of African American women, we examine the association between current health and lifetime experiences of sexual violence. Inperson interviews were completed in 2010. Among interviewees, 53.7% of women reported rape victimization and 44.8% reported sexual coercion in their lifetime. Victims of rape or sexual coercion were significantly more likely to report depression and posttraumatic stress disorder during their lifetime. Among victims whose first unwanted sexual experience was rape or sexual coercion, perpetrators were mostly acquaintances and intimate partners, and over one third were injured and needed services. More attention is needed on the health needs of African American women and their association to victimization status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon G Smith
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dawnovise N Fowler
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mikel L Walters
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Merle E Hamburger
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Johnson LM. Sexual Assault. Fam Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_29-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Zapata-Sepúlveda P, Fernández-Dávila P, Sánchez-Gómez MC. [Gender-based violence against women the Aymara ethnic in northern Chile]. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2012; 5:167-72. [PMID: 22854611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We analyze the gender-based violence against women considering the Aymara ethnic ascendance as a casual factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS We applied the spanish version of the Index of Spouse Abuse Scales (ISA) and Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) on 400 women, which currently live in the region of Arica and Parinacota, Chile. RESULTS The individuals show that non-physical violence is the predominant behavior in couples and higher rate of violence is present in women with Aymara ancestry than others. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that social constructions of gender may be a risk factor in violence against women because of its influence in social inequalities and abuses of power against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Zapata-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Filosofía y Psicología (Unidad Interdisciplinaria de Investigaciones Psicosociales y Jurídicas), Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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Zinzow HM, Resnick HS, Barr SC, Danielson CK, Kilpatrick DG. Receipt of post-rape medical care in a national sample of female victims. Am J Prev Med 2012; 43:183-7. [PMID: 22813683 PMCID: PMC4084754 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important for rape victims to receive medical care to prevent and treat rape-related diseases and injuries, access forensic exams, and connect to needed resources. Few victims seek care, and factors associated with post-rape medical care-seeking are poorly understood. PURPOSE The current study examined prevalence and factors associated with post-rape medical care-seeking in a national sample of women who reported a most-recent or only incident of forcible rape, and drug- or alcohol-facilitated/incapacitated rape when they were aged ≥14 years. METHODS A national sample of U.S. adult women (N=3001) completed structured telephone interviews in 2006, and data for this study were analyzed in 2011. Logistic regression analyses examined demographic variables, health, rape characteristics, and post-rape concerns in relation to post-rape medical care-seeking among 445 female rape victims. RESULTS A minority of rape victims (21%) sought post-rape medical attention following the incident. In the final multivariate model, correlates of medical care included black race, rape-related injury, concerns about sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy concerns, and reporting the incident to police. CONCLUSIONS Women who experience rapes consistent with stereotypic scenarios, acknowledge the rape, report the rape, and harbor health concerns appear to be more likely to seek post-rape medical services. Education is needed to increase rape acknowledgment, awareness of post-rape services that do not require formal reporting, and recognition of the need to treat rape-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Zinzow
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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Resnick HS, Walsh K, McCauley JL, Schumacher JA, Kilpatrick DG, Acierno RE. Assault related substance use as a predictor of substance use over time within a sample of recent victims of sexual assault. Addict Behav 2012; 37:914-21. [PMID: 22521363 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance use at time of assault is reported by a significant subgroup of rape victims. This study examined: (1) prevalence of assault related marijuana or alcohol use among women seeking post-rape medical care; (2) sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive power associated with reported use at time of assault in association with use in 6 weeks pre-assault, post-assault use, and post-assault abuse; and (3) trajectories of use and abuse over time as a function of use in 6 weeks pre-assault/assault time frame use, exposure to brief intervention, and interaction of pre-assault/assault time frame use with intervention. Participants were 268 women seeking post-sexual assault medical services completing one or more follow-up assessment at: (1) <3 months post-assault; (2) 3 to 6 months post-assault; and (3) 6 months or longer post-assault. Use of alcohol or marijuana at time of assault was a fairly sensitive and specific indicator respectively, of reported use of specific substance in the 6 weeks preceding assault and use or abuse at follow-up. Growth modeling revealed that use of alcohol or marijuana at the time of the assault or in the 6 weeks prior to assault predicted higher Time 1 follow-up alcohol and marijuana use and abuse. Although there was relatively little change in use or abuse over time, alcohol use at time of the assault or in the 6 weeks prior also predicted a steeper decline in alcohol use over the course of follow-up. Interestingly, women who reported using marijuana at the time of the assault or in the 6 weeks prior who also received a video intervention actually had lower initial marijuana use, a pattern that remained stable over time. Implications for evaluating screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment services among sexual assault victims seeking post-assault medical care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S Resnick
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Clark CB, Perkins A, McCullumsmith CB, Islam MA, Hanover EE, Cropsey KL. Characteristics of victims of sexual abuse by gender and race in a community corrections population. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2012; 27:1844-61. [PMID: 22203627 DOI: 10.1177/0886260511430390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how victims of sexual abuse in a community corrections population differ as a result of their sex and race. Of the 19,422 participants, a total of 1,298 (6.7%) reported a history of sexual abuse and were compared with nonabused participants. The sample was analyzed by race-gender groups (White men, White women, African American men, and African American women) using univariate and logistic regression analyses, which were conducted separately for each group. White women were the most likely to report a history of sexual abuse (26.5%), followed by African American women (16.0%), White men (4.0%), and African American men (1.1%). For all groups, histories of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were associated with a history of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse was associated with substance abuse problems for women but not the men. Cannabis dependence was associated with sexual abuse for the White women while cocaine dependence was associated with sexual abuse for the African American women. Several other variables were associated with sexual abuse for women but not men, including lower education (White women only), a history of violent offenses (White women only), and living in a shelter (African American women only). African American men tended to have higher levels of education; this was the only variable uniquely associated with either male group. Receiving psychiatric medications was associated with sexual abuse for all groups except African American men and a history of sex for drugs was associated with sexual abuse for all groups except White men. Consistent with national sample, women, particularly White women, were more likely to be victims of sexual abuse. The gender-race differences for the sociodemographic factors associated with sexual abuse, particularly the risk of substance abuse for women, suggest the need for tailored interventions for sexual abuse prevention and treatment.
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Corte C, Rongmuang D, Farchaus Stein K. Nursing knowledge about alcohol use and alcohol problems in women: a review of the literature. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2010; 16:252-61. [PMID: 21659277 PMCID: PMC5002222 DOI: 10.1177/1078390310378042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the authors review the nursing empirical literature on alcohol and women's health published over the past 5 years (2005-2010). A total of 36 data-based articles authored by nurse investigators met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Most were single studies by individual nurse investigators; few studies reflected ongoing programs of research related to alcohol and women's health. Studies were categorized into four main groups, including (a) determinants of alcohol use and alcohol problems; (b) patterns of use, assessment of alcohol use, and comorbidity; (c) consequences of alcohol use; and (d) the effects of treatment or specific interventions and the contributions of nursing research to the knowledge base of each group are summarized. The authors then propose a research agenda for nursing that addresses the most pressing issues related to alcohol use and alcohol problems in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Corte
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
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